TEST-1 MATERIAL SCIENCE

Part-A

Diffusion in Solids

MEC260 Section(s): M1R05

SET-A

Name: _______________________ Roll No: ___

Question 1: Briefly (1-2 lines) define following using sketches:

1. Diffusion 2. Self-diffusion 3. Vacancy diffusion 4. Interstitial diffusion 5. Mass transfer
Question 2: In your own words, briefly explain (1-3 lines) following:
1. Steady-state diffusion 2. Non-steady state diffusion 3. Concentration gradient 4. Ficks second
law 5. Diffusion flux 6. Contact surface concentration 7. Direction of diffusion 8. Activation energy
9. Possible diffusion mechanisms at atomic level.
Question 3: Please pick the correct answer for each statement:
Statement
-

No atomic bond breaking is involved in vacancy diffusion mechanism.

In vacancy diffusion, the extent of diffusion depends on temperature.
You need exact atomic radii of both atomic species to carry out Interstial diffusion.
Interstitial diffusion and impurity diffusion are basically the same mechanisms.
Same atomic species will yield higher diffusion rate than different atomic species.
Crystal imperfections decrease the rate of diffusion or mass transfer in solids.
During diffusion, atoms try to avoid grain boundaries, dislocations and other defects.
Diffusion is very fast in solids as compared to gases or liquids if temp is high enough.
For steady-state diffusion, negative sign in Ficks first law imply speed of diffusion.
In non-steady state diffusion, the concentration gradient increases with distance
the solid.
Diffusion can happen in solids without mass transfer or any atomic motion.
Diffusion mechanism(s) in solids and gases are basically the same.
Diffusion in solids happens due to Brownian motion of energized atoms.
Steady-state diffusion is not dependent on time and diffusion flux changes with t.
Concentration profile provides a graphical representation of atomic concentrations.
In a concentration profile, the slope of the line is called the diffusion flux (J).
Vibrational magnitude of atoms decreases with increase in cooling rate.
Rise in speed of the atomic motion imply increase in diffusion flux for a solid.
Melting in solids happen due to diffusion mechanisms.
Overall diffusivity depends on diffusion mechanism, temperature, crystal structure
and concentration of diffusion species.
Diffusion is faster for closed-packed structures with high melting points.
Diffusion is slower for materials with secondary bonding, and low density materials.
In a thermally activated process, any increase in temperature helps diffusion.
Diffusion flux (J), concentration gradient and diffusivity are related through Ficks
first law.
Everything about diffusion is already found out by scientists, thus there is no scope
of research in this field.

Answer
True/False
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True/False
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True/False
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True/False
True/False

Part-B

Mechanical Properties of Metals

Question 1: Briefly (1-2 lines) define following using sketches:

1. Mechanical Stress 2. Stress-strain Curve (compressive) 3. Modulus of Elasticity 4. Shear Stress
5. Shear Modulus 6. Malleability 7. Scratch Hardness 8. Toughness 9. Necking
10. Fatigue Resistance
Question 2: In your own words, briefly explain (1-3 lines) following:
1. Effect of temperature on tensile strength 2. Elastic deformation 3. Difference b/w engineering
and true stress/strain 4. Strain hardening 5. Elastic recovery after plastic deformation
6. Design/Safety factors 7. Stiffness
Question 3: Please pick the correct answer for each statement:
Statement
-

Answer

Elastic limit, yield stress and yield point are different names for same phenomenon. True/False
Necking during tensile testing involves stressed increase in unit cross-sectional area. True/False
Machining happens only when developed forces exceed work materials resistance.
True/False
Hardness can be measured using surface indentation techniques and scratching.
True/False
The ability of a material to recover from elastic deformation depends on supplied heat. True/False
In manufacturing viewpoint, the compatibility of a material is defined by its plasticity. True/False
Stress values are lowest during plastic deformation and rise during fracture.
True/False
Upon measuring engineering and true strain, the difference in values is significant.
True/False
Factor of safety addition allow us to compensate for any unexpected service failures. True/False
At atomic level, the slip systems in FCC, BCC and HCP are responsible for plasticity. True/False
In elastic recovery of a material, the broken atomic bonds re-join and recover.
True/False
During tensile loading, stress-strain curve controls the behavior of a solid metal.
True/False
Refractory metals have poor usability at high temp due to their low melting points.
True/False
The primary job of structural engineers is to machine materials in workshops.
True/False
Ferrous group of metal alloys include Aluminum, Titanium and noble metals.
True/False
Plastic deformation can be reversed if material is heated below recrystallization temp. True/False
Lateral strain and axial strains differ with respect to their axis of measurement.
True/False
Toughness is approximated by measuring the area under stress strain curve.
True/False
Elastic regions slope provides a non-linear relationship between stress and strain.
True/False
Fracture stress is calculated immediately after the failure has occurred.
True/False
Ultimate tensile strength is the highest value of stress before necking or failure.
True/False
During ductile behavior for a tensile test, the observed stress remains constant.
True/False
Brittle materials are more prone to failure during their elastic deformation.
True/False
Hookes law controls the material behavior during plastic deformation.
True/False
Possions ratio is a measure of toxicity for a material upon human consumption.
True/False
Higher value of Youngs modulus means less stiffness property of a material.
True/False
From design viewpoint, plastic deformation and ductility are most important factors. True/False