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Los datos han demostrado la eficacia del catalizador de paladio para la eliminacin de di-olefinas y
acetilenos en el craqueo a vapor, as como el craqueo cataltico
Ronald G McClung y Steve Novalany, BASF catalizadores
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Resumen del artculo
Hay muchas aplicaciones para los catalizadores
de hidrogenacin selectiva y procesos dentro de
las industrias petroqumica y de refinacin de
petrleo. La fuente comn para muchas de estas
aplicaciones es un proceso de craqueo olefnico
que contiene la produccin de corrientes de diolefinas y / o acetilenos que requieren la
eliminacin mediante hidrogenacin selectiva
antes del procesamiento adicional. Para la
industria petroqumica el cracker de vapor es la
fuente de estas corrientes olefnicas y para la
industria de la refinacin de petrleo es la fuente
de la planta de craqueo cataltico.
El cracker de vapor en las ms comunes
aplicaciones de hidrogenacin selectiva
incluyen la forma de eliminacin acetilenos / diolefinas C2s y C3, vinilo eliminacin de
acetileno y butadieno de C4 y la eliminacin de
di-olefina C5 + pirlisis lquidos.
En la industria de la refinacin del petrleo
donde se practica el hidro-procesamiento bruto
para hacer combustibles ms limpios, las
aplicaciones ms comunes de hidrogenacin
selectiva son para la eliminacin de diolefinas
ya sea de un C4 o corriente de olefinas C5. La
tecnologa de catalizador aplicado a la del
tratamiento de corrientes de C4 y ms pesado es
similar, si no el mismo para ambos segmentos
de la industria. A pesar de que los catalizadores
de metales de base se utilizan a veces para la
hidrogenacin selectiva, la mayora de las
aplicaciones se basan en el uso de un catalizador
de paladio.
Article Summary
There are many applications for selective
hydrogenation catalysts and processes within the
petrochemical and petroleum refining industries.
The common source for many of these
applications is a cracking process producing
olefinic streams containing diolefins and/or
acetylenes that require removal by selective
hydrogenation before further processing. For the
petrochemical industry the steam cracker is the
source of these olefinic streams and for the
petroleum refining industry the source is the
catalytic
cracker.
The most common steam cracker selective
hydrogenation
applications
include
acetylenes/diolefins removal form C2s and C3s,
vinyl acetylene and butadiene removal from C4s
and diolefin removal from C5+ pyrolysis
liquids.
In the petroleum refining industry where gross
hydroprocessing is practised to make cleaner
fuels, the most common selective hydrogenation
applications are for the removal of diolefins
from either a C4 or C5 olefin stream. The
catalyst technology applied to the treating of the
C4 and heavier streams is similar if not the same
for both industry segments. Even though base
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metal catalysts are used at times for selective
hydrogenation, the majority of applications are
based around the use of a palladium catalyst.
There are some principles around catalyst and
reactor system selection that are common to
both the petrochemical and petroleum refining
applications for selective hydrogenation. In this
article, guidelines are provided for both catalyst
and reactor system selection for selective
hydrogenation of C4 and heavier streams. The
effect of contaminants, reactor flow direction,
hydrogen /reactant distribution, inlet distributor
design, palladium loading as well as palladium
distribution
are
discussed.
The most frequently used reactor system for
selective hydrogenation applications is a fixedbed system with hydrogen and liquid always cocurrent but with flow direction (down-flow vs
up-flow) being the major question. Even for the
process in which a substantial exotherm is
experienced, a fixed-bed reactor with attendant
product recycle is preferred over a tubular
design for its simplicity in loading, in normal
operation and in lower initial capital cost.
The primary criterion for choosing flow
direction in a selective hydrogenation reactor
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