SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

presented by
K.ANIL KUMAR
313206203006
DEPT OF CHEMICAL ENGG
AUCE(A)

DEFINITION:
All waste arising from human and animal activity that are normally solid and
that are discarded as useless or unwanted .

India produces 42.0 million tons of municipal solid waste annually at present.
Per capita generation of waste varies from 200 gm to 600 gm per capita / day.
Average generation rate at 0.4 kg per capita per day in 0.1 million plus towns.
Collection efficiency ranges between 50% to 90% of the solid waste generated.

CLASSIFICATION OF WASTES :
Domestic waste
Factory waste
E-waste
Waste from oil factory
Construction waste
Agricultural waste
Food processing waste
Bio-medical waste
Nuclear waste

Solid waste- vegetable waste, kitchen waste, household waste etc.

E-waste- discarded electronic devices like computer, TV, music systems etc.
Liquid waste- water used for different industries eg tanneries, distillaries, thermal
power plants
Plastic waste- plastic bags, bottles, buckets etc.
Metal waste- unused metal sheet, metal scraps etc.
Nuclear waste- unused materials from nuclear power plants

WASTE COLLECTION IN INDIA

Primarily by the city municipality
-No gradation of waste product
For example bio-degradable, glasses, poly bags, paper shreds etc.

-Dumps these wastes to the city outskirts.

Local Rag pickers

-Collecting small iron pieces by magnets
-Collecting glass bottles
-Collecting paper for recycling

Hazardous / Toxic Waste & Dumping Site

Industrialized countries have waste management problems
Developed countries have strict environment regulation norms
Most attractive option for them- to dump into developing countries

MAJOR POLLUTING INDUSTRIES IN INDIA

Thermal power plants discharge huge waste materials300 distilleries discharge 26
million kilo-litres of spend wash per year containing several pollutants
Around 2500 tanneries discharge 24 million cu m of waste water containing high
level of dissolved solids and 4,00,000 tonnes of hazardous solid waste.

MANAGING WASTE
Recycling: Processing of a waste item into usable forms.
Benefits of recycling:
-

Reduce environmental degradation

Making money out of waste

Save energy that would have gone into waste handling & product manufacture

Saving through recycling:

- When Al is remelted- considerable saving in cost

Making paper from waste saves 50% energy

- Every ton of recycled glass saves energy equivalent to 100 liters of oil.

RECYCLING NOT A SOLUTION TO ALL PROBLEMS

Recycling is not a solution to managing every kind of waste material
For many items recycling technologies are unavailable or unsafe
In some cases, cost of recycling is too high.

REASONS FOR IMPROPER MANAGEMENT OF

WASTE:
Lack of planning for waste management while planning

townships

Lack of proper institutional set up for waste management, planning and

designing in urban local bodies
Lack of technically trained manpower
Lack of community involvement
Lack of expertise and exposure to city waste management using modern
techniques / best practices
Lack of awareness creation mechanism
Lack of Management Information Systems
Lack of funds with ULBs
Indifferent attitude of ULBs to levy user charges and sustainability

RECOMMENDED APPROACHES TO WASTE

MANAGEMENT:
1.

Possible Waste Management Options :

(a) Waste Minimisation

(b) Material Recycling

(c) Waste Processing (Resource Recovery)

(d) Waste Transformation

(e) Sanitary Landfilling Limited land availability is a

constraint in Metro cities.

2.

Processing / Treatment should be :

(i)

Technically sound

(ii)

Financially viable

(iii)

Eco-friendly / Environmental friendly

(iv)

Easy to operate & maintain by local community

(v)

Long term sustainability

REFERENCES
1.banerjee and s.de ,coupled concentration polarization and pore flow modeling of nf
of an industrial textile effluent, seperation and purification technology
2.c.prabhavathi and s. de treatment of fat liquoring effluent from a tannery using membrane
seperation process :experimental and modeling j.hazardous materials
3.c.prabhavathi and s.de,estimation of transport parameters during uf of pickling effulent,
seperation science and technology .