1

AMERICAN UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL SERVICE
Fall 2008
SIS-701:001 International Politics Proseminar
Prof. Randolph B. Persaud
Office: 201 A SIS Bldg.
Phone: 885-1757
Email: persaud@american.edu
Office Hours: Tuesdays 1:30-3:00; Wednesdays 6:30-7:30
This course is designed to prepare students for their comprehensive examinations, and to ensure
that all students are familiar with a core minimum of the theoretical and meta-theoretical
literature in the field of international relations. The course will allow students to develop both
breadth and depth of appreciation of the major theoretical issues of the field, and will provide an
opportunity and incentive for the synthesis of each students knowledge of international relations.
While this course assumes prior knowledge of the international relations literature, some of the
readings are specifically intended to provide overviews. The (short) recommended reading list
should be consulted as much as possible, both as further readings, and for preparation of papers.
The thrust of this course is to understand the most important approaches, theories, and methods
within the discipline of international relations. These latter, however, are extremely
controversial, and accordingly, a substantial part of our proceedings would be to understand the
relevant debates.
Books On Order
Thucydides, History of Peloponnesian War
Kenneth Waltz, Theory of International Politics.
N. Machiavelli, The Prince. Any edition.
T. Hobbes, Leviathan. Any edition but the Penguin edition with an introduction by Macpherson
is highly recommended.
Ann Tickner, Gender in International Relations.
Graham Allison, Essence of Decision.
Martha Finnemore, National Interests in International Society.
Hedley Bull, The Anarchical Society.
Robert Keohane, After Hegemony.
Emmanuel Kant, Toward Perpetual Peace & Other Writings.
Stephen Krasner, Sovereignty.
For good basic introductions to the IR literature
Scott Burchill et al., Theories of International Relations. London: Palgrave, 1996.

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John Baylis and Steve Smith, The Globalization of World Politics. Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 2005.
Jack Donnelly, Realism and International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
2000.

Assignments
Item
Date
Value
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Participation
Every class
20%
Short (8 pages)
October 03rd
20%
th
Short Paper (8 pages)
Nov. 7
20%
20%
Short Paper (8 pages)
Nov. 21st
20%
Paper (10 pages)
December 05th
Some Key Journals
Security Dialogue
International Security
Arms Control
Review of Int. Studies
International Interactions
Int. Studies Review
International Organization Alternatives
Third World Quarterly
Foreign Policy
Pacific Review
International Journal
Jour. Modern African Stds. Human Development Report
European Jour. of Int. Rel. Jour. of Strategic Studies
Journal of Peace Research
Race and Class
J. of Contemporary African Studies

Foreign Affairs
Millennium
Jour. of Conflict Resolution
Latin Am. Pol. & Society
World Politics
Development Dialogue
Security Studies
NACLA
Soc.and Eco Studies

Aug 29 Wk I: Introduction. Discussion and allocation of assignments.

Sept 5 Wk. 2: Sovereignty and Anarchy

J.D. Singer, The Levels of Analysis Problem, World Politics, Vol. 14, October, 1961. 77-92.
Stephen Krasner, Sovereignty: Organized Hypocricy. Princeton: Princeton University Press,
1999.
Amitav Acharya, State Sovereignty After 9/11: Disorganized Hypocrisy, Political Studies. Vol.
55, 2007, pp. 274-296.

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Recommended
Stephen Krasner, Rethinking the sovereign state model, Review of International Studies, 27,
2001, pp. 17-42.
James A. Caporaso, Changes in the Westphalian Order: Territory, Public Authority, and
Sovereignty, International Studies Review, Vol. 2, Issue 2, Summer 2000, pp. 1-28.
Bruce Bueno De Mesquita, Popes, Kings, and Endogenous Institutions: The Concordat of
Worms and the Origins of Sovereignty, ISR, Vol. 2, Issue 2, Summer 2000, pp. 93-118.
Ralph Pettman, The State and the State System, in International Politics. Boulder, Lynne
Rienner, 1991, pp. 30-51.
David L. Blaney and Naeem Inayatullah, The End of Empire and the Extension of the
Westphalian System: The Normative Basis of the Modern State Order, International Studies
Review, Vol. 2, Issue 2, Summer 2000, pp. 29-64.
Siba Grovogui, Regimes of Sovereignty: International Morality and the African Condition,
European Journal of International Relations, Vol. 8, Iss. 3, 2002, pp. 315-338.
Michael Lind, For Liberal Internationalism Global Peace Requires National Sovereignty and a
Concert of Global Powers, The Nation, July 2, 2007, pp. 21-24.
Stephen Krasner, Review of Re-Examining Sovereignty: From Classical Theory to the Golden
Age, By Hedeaki Shinola. International Studies Review, Spring 2001, Vol. 3, Issue I, p. `134138.
Adriana Sinclair and Michael Byers, When US Scholars Speak of Sovereignty, What Do They
Mean? Political Studies, June 2007, Vol. 55, Issue 2, pp. 318-340.
Kurt Burch, Changing the Rules: Reconceiving Change in the Westphalian System,
International Studies Review, Vol. 2, Issue 2, Summer 2000, pp. 181-210.
Karen T. Litfin, Sovereignty in World Ecopolitics, Mershon International Studies Review, Vol.
41, Nov. 1997, pp. 167-204.
Beitz, Charles. Political Theory and International Relations. Princeton: Princeton University
Press, 1999
Sept 12 Wk. 3 - Classical Realism
Stephen Brooks, Dueling Realisms, International Organization, Vol. 51, No. 3, Summer 1997,
pp. 445-477.

4
Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War. New York: Penguin, 1954 (or any other edition)
Book I The Allied Congress at Sparta; Book III The Mytilenian Debate; Book V Alliance
Between Athens and Argos, and The Melian Dialogue; - Book Vi The Debate at Syracuse.
Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan. New York: Penguin, 1968 (or any other edition) Chs. 13-15; 17-19.
N. Machiavelli, The Prince and the Discourses. New York: Random House, 1950 (or any other
edition). From The Prince Chs. VIII; XVII; XVIII; XIX and XXI.
Recommended
Robert Gilpin, The Richness of the Tradition of Political Realism, in R.O. Keohane, ed.,
Neorealism and Its Critics. pp. 301-321.
Michael C. Williams, "Hobbes and International Relations: A Reconsideration," International
Organization, Vol. 50, No. 1, 1996, pp. 213-236.
David A. Welch, Why International Relations theorists should stop reading Thucydides,
Review of International Studies, Vol. 29, 2003, pp. 301-319.
Brian C. Schmidt, The Political Discourse of Anarchy. Albany: State University of New York
Press, 1998.
Robert O. Keohane, Realism, Neorealism and the Study of World Politics, in R.O. Keohane,
ed., Neorealism and Its Critics. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986, pp. 1-26.
Steven Forde, Varieties of Reaslim: Thucydides and Machiavelli, The Journal of Politics, Vol.
54, No. 2, May 1992, pp. 372-393.
Barry Buzan, The timeless wisdom of realism, in Smith, Booth and Zalewski, eds.,
International Theory: Positivism and Beyond, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996,
pp. 47-65.
J. Ann Tickner, Hans Morgenthaus principles of political realism: a feminist reformulation, in
R. Grant and K. Newland, eds., Gender and International Relations. Bloomington: Indiana Univ.
Press, 1991.
Nuri Yurdusev, Thomas Hobbes and international relations: from realism to rationalism,
Australian Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 60, No. 2, June 2006, pp. 305-321.
Michael W. Doyle, Ways of War and Peace. New York: W.W. Norton, 1997, Part I pp. 41-204.
Donald Kagan, The Peloponnesian War. New York: Penguin, 2003.

5
E.H. Carr, The Twenty Years Crisis, 1919-1939. New York: Harper and Row, 1964.
John A. Vasquez, ThePower of Power Politics: A Critique. New York: Rutgers Univ. Press,
1983.
Hans Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations. New York: Alfred Knopf, 1948.
Oli R. Holsti, Theories of International Relations and Foreign Policy: Realism and Its
Challengers, in Charles W. Kegely, ed., Controversies in International Relations Theory. New
York: St. Martin, 1995, pp. 35-64.
John A. Vasquez, The Power of Power Politics: A Critique. New York: Rutgers University
Press, 1983
Jennifer Sterling-Folker, Realism and the Constructivist Challenge: Rejecting, Reconstructing,
or Rereading, International Studies Review, Vol. 4, Issue, Spring 2002, pp. 73-97.
Joseph Femia, Gramsci, Machiavelli and International Relations, Political Quarterly, Vol. 76,
Issue 3, July-Sept. 2005, pp. 341-349.
Sept 19 Wk. 4 Liberalism
Immanuel Kant, Toward Perpetual Peace and Other Writings on Politics, Peace, and History.
Edited by Pauline Kleingeld; Trans. David L. Colclasure, New Haven: Yale University Press,
2005.
Louis P. Pojman, Kants Perpetual Peace and Cosmopolitanism, Journal of Social Philosophy,
Vol. 36, No. 1, Spring 2005, pp. 62-71.
John M. Owen, How Liberalism Produces Democratic Peace, International Security, Vol. 19,
No. 2, Fall 1994, 87-125.
Christopher Layne, Kant or Cant: The Myth of the Democratic Peace, International Security,
Vol. 19, No. 2, Fall 1994, pp. 5-49.
Recommended
Vesna Danilovic and Joe Clare, The Kantian Liberal Peace (Revisited), American Journal of
Political Science, Vol. 51, No. 2, April 2007, pp. 397-414.
Karel Mom, Democratic and Perpetual Peace: Kant and Contemporary Peace Politics, Theoria,
August 2006, 50-73.
Brent J. Steele, Liberal-Idealism: A Constructivist Critique, International Studies Review, 9,
2007, pp. 23-52.

6
Luigi Caranti, Perpetual War for Perpetual Peace? Reflections on the Realist Critique of Kants
Project, Journal of Human Rights, Vol. 5, 2006, pp. 341-353.
Mark W. Zacher and Richard A. Little, Liberal International Theory: Common Threads,
Divergent Strands, in C.W. Kegely Jr., ed., Controversies in International Relations Theory.
New York: St. Martins, 1995, pp. 107-150.
Andreas Osiander, Rereading Early Twentieth-Century IR Theory: Idealism Revisited,
International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 42, No. 3, 1998.
Inis L.Claude, Jr. 1966. Collective Legitimization as a Political Function of the United
Nations. International Organization 20 (3) 1966, pp.367-379.
Christine M. Harlen, A Reappraisal of Classical Economic Nationalism and Economic
Liberalism, International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 43No. 4, 1999, pp. 733-44.
Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations. Vol. I Book I, Chs., I, II, III and VI; Book IV, Chs. I, II, and
III; Vol II, Book V, Part I.
Walt, S., (1998), International Relations: One World, Many Theories, Foreign Policy 110: 2946.
Michael Doyle, Liberalism and World Politics, American Political Science Review, 80, 1986,
pp. 1151-1169.
Michael W. Doyle, Ways of War and Peace. New York: W.W. Norton, 1997, Part Two.
Brent J. Steele, Liberal-idealism: A Constructivist Critique, International Studies Review,
(2007 9, 23-52.
Karel Mom, Democratic and Perpetual Peace: Kant and Contemporary Peace Politics, Theoria,
August 2006, pp. 50-73.
Fukuyama, Francis. The End of History and the Last Man. New York: Free Press, 1992.
Thomas Ira Cook and Malcolm Charles Moos. 1954. Power through purpose; the realism of
Idealism as a basis for foreign policy. Johns Hopkins Press, pp. 3-32, 86-126, 148-177, 193-212
(Chapters 1,4, 6, 8).
Quincy Wright. 1951. The Nature of Conflict. The Western Political Quarterly 4 (2):193-209.
Harold Nicolson, 1938. The Colonial Problem. International Affairs (Royal Institute of

7
International Affairs 1931-1939) 17 (1):32-50.
Michael J. Shapiro, "Wanted, Dead or Alive" Theory and Event 5.4 (2001)
Sept 26 Wk. 5 Structural Realism/Neorealism
Kenneth Waltz, Theory of International Politics. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1979.
Recommended
Kenneth Waltz, The Stability of the Bipolar World, in Toward a Theory of War Prevention,
Vol. 1 of The Strategy of World Order, 1966.
Steven Forde, International Realism and the Science of Politics: Thucydides, Machiavelli, and
Neorealism, International Studies Quarterly, (1995) 39, 141-160.
Stephen M. Walt, 1985. Alliance Formation and the Balance of World Power. International
Security 9 (4):3-43.
Kenneth N. Waltz, Realist Thought and Neorealist Theory, in C.W. Kegley Jr., ed.,
Controversies in International Relations Theory. New York: St. Martins, 1995, pp. 67-82.
Kenneth N. Waltz, Reflections on Theory of International Politics: A Response to My Critics,
in R.O. Keohane, ed., Neorealism and Its Critics. pp. 322-346.
Richard Ashley, The Poverty of Neorealism, in Keohane, Neorealism and Its Critics. Pp. 255300.
Andrew Linklater, Neorealism in Theory and Practice, in Ken Booth and Steve Smith, eds.,
International Relations Theory Today. University park, PA, The Pennsylvania State University
Press, 1997, 241-262.
Robert W. Cox, Social Forces, States and World Orders: Beyond International Relations
Theory, in R.O. Keohane, ed., Neorealism and Its Critics. pp. 204-254.
Oct 3 - Wk. 6 Neo-liberal Institutionalism
Robert O. Keohane, After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984.
Recommended
David Baldwin, ed., Neorealism and Neoliberalism. New York: Columbia University Press,
1993.

8
Robert Powell, Absolute and Relative Gains in International Relations Theory, APSR, Vol. 85,
December 1991, pp. 1303-20.
Joseph Greico, Anarchy and the Limits of Cooperation: A Realist Critique of the Newest
Liberal Institutionalism, International Organization, August 1988, pp. 485-507.
Robert Jervis, Realism, Neoliberalism, and Cooperation: Understanding the Debate,
International Security, Vol. 24, No. 1, Summer 1999, pp. 42-63.
John L. Campbell and Ove K. Pederson, The Rise of Neoliberalism and Institutional Analysis.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001.
Stephen Krasner, The accomplishments of international political economy, in Steve Smith,
Ken Booth, and Marysia Zalewski, eds., International Theory: Positivism and Beyond.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996, 108-127.
Susan Strange, Cave! hic dragones: a critique of regime analysis, in S.D. Krasner, International
Regimes. London: Cornell University Press, 1983, pp. 337-354.
R. Keohane and J. Nye, Power and Interdependence. Harper Collins, 1989.
John Ruggie, ed., Multilateralism Matters: The Theory and Praxis of an Institutional Form. New
York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1993.
Oct 10 - Wk. 7 Balance of Power and Deterrence Theory
Kenneth Waltz, Structuralism after the Cold War, International Security, Vol. 25, No. 1,
Summer 2000, pp. 5-41.
Robert Jervis, Cooperation Under the Security Dilemma, World Politics, Vol. 30, No. 2, 1978,
pp. 167-214.
Robert J. Art, Striking the Balance, International Security, Vol. 30, No. 3, Winter 2005/06,
177-185; (9 pages).
William James Stover, Preemptive War: Implications of the Bush and Rumsfeld Doctrines,
International Jour. Of World Peace, Vol. XXI, No. 1, March 2004; (4 pages)
Maria Sperandei, Bridging Deterrence and Compellence: An Alternative Approach to the Study
of Coercive Diplomacy, Int. Studies Review, Vol. 8, 2006, 253-280; (28 pages).
Robert L. Jervis, The Confrontation between Iraq and the US: Implications for the Theory and
Practice of Deterrence, European Jour. of International Relations, Vol. 9, No. 2, 2003, 315337; (23 pages).

Wk. 8 International Security I

John Mearsheimer, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. New York: W.W. Norton, 2001. As
much as possible.
Stephen G. Brooks and William C. Wohlforth, Hard Times for Soft Balancing, International
Security, Vol. 30, No. 1, Summer 2005, 72-108; (37 pages).
C.L. Glaser, The Security Dilemma Revisited, World Politics, Vol. 50, 1997.
Glenn H. Synder, Mearsheimers World Offensive Realism and the Struggle for Security: A
Review Essay, International Security, Vol. 27, No. 1, Summer 2002, pp. 149-173.
Amitav Acharya, Will Asias Past Be Its Future, International Security, Vol. 28, No. 3, Winter
2003/04, pp. 149-164.
Recommended
Bernard Brodie, Strategy as a Science, World Politics, Vol.1, No. 4, July 1949, pp. 467-488.
Frank Zagare, Toward a Unified Theory of Interstate Conflict, International Interactions, Vol.
33, 2007, 305-327; (23 pages).
Yong Deng, Remolding Great Power Politics: Chinas Strategic Partnership with Russia, the
European Union, and India, The Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol. 30, No. 4, Aug.-Oct. 2007,
pp. 863-903.
Stephen Biddle, Rebuilding the Foundations of Offense-Defense Theory, The Journal of
Politics, Vol. 63, No. 3, August 2001, pp. 741-774.
Robert J. Art, A Grand Strategy For America. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2003.
Jeffery W. Taliaferro, Security Seeking under Anarchy, International Security, Vol. 25, No. 3,
Winter 2000/01, pp. 128-161.
John Orme, The Utility of Force in a World of Scarcity, International Security, Vol. 22, No. 3,
Winter 1997/98, 138-167.
Barry R. Posen, European Union Security and Defense Policy: Response to Unipolarity?
Security Studies, Vol. 15, No. 2, April/June 2006, pp. 149-186.

10
Yoshihide Soyea, Japanese Security Policy in Transition: The Rise of International and Human
Security, Asia-Pacific Review, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2005, 103-116.
Mats Berdal, How New Are New Wars? Global Economic Change and the Study of Civil
War, Global Governance, Vol. 9, 2003, pp. 477-502.
Lloyd Pettiford, Changing conceptions of security in the Third World, Third World Quarterly,
Vol. 17, No. 2, 1996, pp. 289-306.
Hillel Frisch, Explaining Third World Security Structures, The Journal of Strategic Studies,
Vol. 25, No. 3, September 2002, pp. 161-190.
Mohammed Ayoob, The Third World Security Predicament: State Making, Regional Conflict
and the International System. Boulder, Co.: Lynne Rienner, 1995.
Ketih Krause, Theorizing security, state formation and the Third World in the post-Cold War
world, Review of International Studies, Vol. 24, 1998, pp. 125-136.
Quangsheng Zhao and Guoli Liu, The Challenge of a Rising China, The Journal of Strategic
Studies, Vol. 30, No. 4-5, Aug.-Oct. 2007, pp. 585-608.
David Shambaugh, Chinas Military Views the World: Ambivalent Security, International
Security, Vol. 24, No. 3, Winter 1999/2000, pp. 52-79.
Wk. 9 - International Security II
Stephen van Evera, Offense, Defense, and the Causes of War, International Security, Vol. 22,
No. 4, Spring 1998, pp. 5-43.
Barry Posen and Andrew L. Ross, Competing Visions for U.S. Grand Strategy, International
Security, Vol. 21, No. 3, Winter 96/97, pp. 5-53.
Christopher Layne, The Poster Child For Offensive Realism: America As A Global
Hegemon, Security Studies, Vol. 12, No. 2, Winter 2002/3, 120-64.
Zhong Jing and Pan Zhenquiang, Redefining Strategic Stability in a Changing World: A
Chinese View, Contemporary Security Policy, Vol. 25, No. 1, April 2004, pp. 123-135.
Recommended
Barry R. Posen, The Struggle against Terrorism: Grand Strategy, Strategy, and Tactics,
International Security, Vol. 26, No. 3, Winter 2001/02, pp. 39-55.
Barry R. Posen, Stability and Change in U.S. Grand Strategy, Orbis, Fall 2007, 561-567.

10

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Barry Buzan, People, States & Fear: An Agenda For International Security Studies in the PostCold War Era. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1991.
Stephen Biddle, Military Power: Explaining Victory and Defeat in Modern Battle. Princeton:
Princeton University Press, 2004.
Mohan Malik, High Hopes: Indias Response to U.S. Security Policies, Asian Affairs: An
American Review, Vol. 30, Issue 2, Summer 2003, pp. 104-112.
Gil Merom, How Democracies Lose Small Wars. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Edward M. Earle, Adam Smith, Alexander Hamilton, Fredrick List: The Economic Foundations
of Military Power, in Peter Paret, ed., Makers of Modern Strategy: From Machiavelli to the
Nuclear Age. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986, pp. 217-261.
Barry Buzan, Ole Waever, Jaap de Wilde, Security: A New Framework For Analysis. London:
Lynne Rienner, 1998.
John Shy, Jomini, In P. Paret, ed., Makers of Modern Strategy. Pp. 143-185.
P. Paret, Clausewitz, in P. Paret, ed., Makers of Modern Strategy. pp. 186-216.
Edward Azar and Chung-In-Moon, Third World National Security: Toward A New Conceptual
Approach, International Interactions, Vol. 11. No. 2, pp. 103-135.
Robert Jervis, War and Misperception, Journal of Interdisciplinary History, XVIII, (Spring
1988), pp. 675-700.
Robert Gilpin, War & Change in World Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981.
Chs. 3, 4, and 5.
S. Levy, Contending Theories of war, in C. Kegley Jr. and E.R. Wittkopf, eds., Global
Agenda: Issues and Perspectives. New York: Random House, 1988, pp. 54-62.
David MacIssac, Voices from the Central Blue: The Air Power Theorists, in P. Paret, ed.,
Makers of Modern Strategy. pp. 624-647.
U.S. Army/Marine Corp, Counterinsurgency Field Manual. Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 2007.
Charles Tilly, Coercion, Capital, and European States. Cambridge, MA. Basil Blackwell, 1992.

11

12
Mohammed Ayoob, The Third World security Predicament: State Making, Regional Conflict,
and the International System. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1995.
John Hertz, Idealist Internationalism and the Security Dilemma, World Politics, 2 (1950) 157180.
Robert Gilpin, The Theory of Hegemonic War, Journal of Interdisciplinary History 18:4
(Spring 1988), 691-613.
P. Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers. London: Fontana Press, 1988.
Halford Mackinder, The Geographical Pivot of History, The Geographical Journal, 23:4
(April 1904), 421-444.
Anthony Giddens, The Nation-State and Violence. Los Angeles: Univ. of California Press, 1987,
Ch. 9.
V.I. Lenin, Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism.
Lawrence Freedman, The Evolution of Nuclear Strategy. New York: St. Martins Press, 1981.
Stephen M. Walt, The Renaissance of Security Studies, International Studies Quarterly, Vol.
35, 1991, pp. 211-239.
Miriam F. Elman, The Never-Ending Story: Democracy and Peace, International Studies
Review. Vol. 1, Issue 3, Fall 1999, pp. 87-103.
Mustapha K. Pasha, Security as Hegemony, Alternatives, 21, 1996, pp. 283-302.
Paul Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers. New York: Random House, 1987.
Edward D. Kooodziej, What is Security and Security Studies, Arms Control, Vol. 13, No. 1,
1992, pp. 1-31.
R.B.J. Walker, Security, Sovereignty, and the Challenge of World Politics, Alternatives, 15:1
(Winter 1990), 3-27.
John Lewis Gaddis, Surprise, Security, and the American Experience. Cambridge, MA.: Harvard
University Press, 2004.
Spurgeon Kenny and Wolfgang Panofsky, MAD vs. NUTS, Foreign Affairs, 60:2 (Winter
1981/82), 287-304.

12

13
Barry Buzan and Eric Herring, The Arms Dynamic in World Politics. Boulder: Lynne Rienner,
1998.
Michael E. Brown, Ethnic Conflict and International Security. Princeton: Princeton University
Press, 1993.
Bill McSweeny, Security, Identity and Interests: A Sociology of International Relations.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Peter Katzenstein, ed., The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics.
New York: Columbia University Press, 1996.
Patrick Morgan, Deterrence: A Conceptual Analysis.
Gilpin, Robert. War and Change in World Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1990.
Herman Kahn, The Three Types of Deterrence, in J. Vasquez, ed., Classics in International
Relations. New York: Prentice Hall, 1995.
Michael C. Williams, Rethinking the Logic of Deterrence, Alternatives, 17, 1992.
Paul Ruth and Bruce Russet, Testing Deterrence Theory: Rigor Makes a Difference, World
Politics, 42:2 (July 1990), 466-501.
Bruce Russet and James Lee Ray, Why the Democratic-Peace Proposition Lives, Review of
International Studies, Vol. 21, No. 3, 1995.
Richard Ned Leblow and Janice Stein, Deterrence: The Elusive Dependent Variable, World
Politics, 42:3 (April 1990), 336-369.
Bradley S. Klein, Strategic Studies and World Order: The Global Politics of Deterrence.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
Robert A Rubinstein, Cultural Analysis and International Security, Alternatives. XIII, 1988, pp.
529-542.
Ken Booth, Security in anarchy: utopian realism in theory and practice, International Affairs,
67, 3 (1991) 527-545.
Jack Snyder, Rationality at the Brink, World Politics (April 1978).

Wk. 10 - The English School

13

14
Kenneth Waltz, The Stability of the Biploar World, Toward a Theory of War Prevention, Vol.
1, of The Strategy of World Order, 1966; (29 pages).
Hedley Bull, The Anarchical Society. New York: Columbia University Press, 2002.
Recommended
Alex J. Bellamy, Securing International Society: Towards an English School Discourse of
Security, Australian Journal of Political Science, Vol. 39, No. 2, July pp. 307-330.
Robert H. Jackson, The Political Theory of International Society, in Smith, Booth, and
Zalewski, ed.s, International Theory: positivism and beyond. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ.
Press, 1996, pp. 110-128.
Karma Nabulsi, An Ideology of war, not peace: jus in bello and the Grotian tradition of war,
Journal of Political ideologies, (1999) 4(1), 13-37.
Martin Wight, Western Values in International Relations, in Herbert Butterfield and Martin
Wight, eds., Diplomatic Investigations: Essays in the Theory of International Politics. George
New York: Allen & Unwin, 1966.
Renee Jeffery, Hersch Lauterpacht, the Realist Challenge and the Grotian Tradition in 20thCentury International Relations, Journal of International Relations, Vol. 12, Iss. 2, June 2006.
Oran R. Young, The effectiveness of international institutions: hard cases and critical
variables, in J. Rosenau and E. Czempiel, eds., Governance without governments: order and
change in world politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992, pp. 160-194.
R. Keohane, International Institutions and State Power: Essay in International Relations Theory.
Boulder: Westview Press, 1989. Chs. 1, 4, and 7.
Jennifer Sterling-Folker, Competing Paradigms or of a Feather? Constructivism and Neoliberal
Institutionalism Compared, International Studies Quarterly, (2000) 44, 97-119.
Brian Porter, The international political thought of martin Wight, International Affairs, 83:4
(2007) 783-789.
Charles Kindleberger, The world in depression, 1929-1939. University of California Press,
1986.
Hirschman, Albert O. National power and the structure of foreign trade. University of
California Press, 1980.

14

15
Stephen D. Krasner, International regimes, Cornell studies in political economy. Ithaca: Cornell
University Press, 1983.

Wk. 11 Critical IR Theory and Feminist Theory

J. Ann Tickner, Gender in International Relations. New York: Columbia University Press, 1992.
Robert W. Cox, Gramsci, hegemony, and international relations: an essay in method, in S.Gill,
ed., Gramsci, historical materialism and international relations. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1993.
Robert W. Cox, Social Forces, States, and World Orders: Beyond International Relations
Theory, in R. Keohane, Neorealism and Its Critics. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1986, pp.
204-254
Recommended
Millennium Anniversary Special Issue- Gendering the international. Vol 27, No. 4, 1998.
Christine Slyvester, Feminist Theory and International Relations in a Post Modern Era.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. Chs. 2, 3, and 4.
J. Ann Tickner, You Just Dont Understand: Troubled Engagements Between Feminists and I.R.
Theorists, International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 41, No. 4, 1997.
Sandra Whitworth, Feminism and International Relations. London Macmillan, 1994
Anne Marie Goetz, Feminism and the claim to know: contradictions in feminist approaches to
women in development, in R. Grant and K. Newland, Gender and International Relations
Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1991, pp. 133-157.
Robert Keohane, International relations theory: contributions of a feminist standpoint, in Rebecca
Grant and K. Newland, eds., Gender and International Relations. Bloomington: Indiana Univ.
Press, 1991.
Robert W. Cox, Production, Power and World Order: Social Forces in the Making of History.
New York: Columbia University Press, 1987.
John Maclean, Political Theory, International Theory, and Problems of Ideology, Millennium,
10:2 (Summer 1981).

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16
Stephen Gill, Epistemology, ontology, and the Italian school, in S. Gill, ed., Gramsci,
historical materialism and international relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1993, pp. 21-48.
Justin Rosenberg, The Empire of Civil Society: A Critique of the Realist Theory of International
Relations. London: Verso, 1994.
William I. Robinson, A Theory of Global Capitalism. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University
Press, 2004.
James Mittelman, The Globalization Syndrome. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000.
Fred Halliday, Rethinking International Relations. Vancouver: UBC Press, 1994.
Jim George, Discourses of Global Politics: A Critical (Re) Introduction to International
Relations.
Randolph B. Persaud, Racial Assumptions in Global Labor Recruitment and Supply,
Alternatives, Vol. 26, No. 4, 2001, pp. 377-401.
Karl Polanyi, The Great Transformation. Boston, Beacon Press, 1944.
I. Wallerstein, The Modern World System I. New York: Academic Press, 1974.
E.P. Thompson, The Making of the English Working Class. London: Penguin, 1963.
F. Braudel, Civilization & Capitalism 15th - 18th Century: The Perspective of the World. New
York: Harper and Row, 1984.
Karl Marx, Capital Vol. I. Chs. 1, 4, 7, 23, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33.
Charles F. Sabel, The division of labor in industry. New York: Cambridge University Press,
1984.
John Zysman, Governments, Markets, and Growth. London: Cornell University Press, 1983.
Susan Strange, States and Markets: An Introduction to International Political Economy. London:
Pinter, 1988.
F.H. Cardoso and E. Faletto, Dependency and Development in Latin America. (Trans. By M.M.
Urquidi) Los Angeles: Univ. of California Press, 1979.

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Eric Helliner, States and the Emergence of Global Finance: From Bretton Woods to the 1990s.
Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1994.
Ronen Palan, Trying to have Your Cake and Eating It: How and Why the State System has
Created Offshore, International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 42, No. 4, 1998.
Eric Hobsbawm, Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century 1914-1991. London: Abacus,
1994.
Rajni Kothari, Globalization: A World Adrift, Alternatives. Vol. 22, No. 2, April-June 1997.
Arjun Appaduari, Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. Minneapolis:
University of Minnesota, 1996. Chs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 9.
Edward Said, Orientalism. New York: Vintage, 1979. Ch. I, Parts I and II; Ch. 3, Parts I and IV.
Stephen Gill, Globalisation, Market Civilisation, and Disciplinary Neoliberalism, Millennium,
Vol. 24, No. 3, 1995, pp. 399-423.
Leslie Sklair, Sociology of the Global System. (2nd edition). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University
Press, 1995.
Williams, Eric. Capitalism and Slavery. London: Andre Deutsh, 1964.
Roger Tooze and Craig N. Murphy, The Epistemology of Poverty and the Poverty of
Epistemology in IPE: Mystery, Blindness, and Invisibility, Millennium, Vol. 25, No. 3, 1996.
Roxanne L. Doty, The Bounds of Race in International Relations, Millennium, Vol. 22, No. 3,
1993, pp. 443-61.
Darryl C. Thomas, The Theory and Practice of Third World Solidarity. London: Praeger2001.
Richard Falk, Predatory Globalization: A Critique. Baldwell Publishers, 1999.

Wk. 12 Constructivism
Martha Finnemore, National Interests in International Society. Ithaca: Cornell University Press,
1998.
Recommended
Alexander Wendt, Social Theory of International Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 1999, pp. 1-190.
Nicholas Greenwood Onuf, 1989. World of our making : rules and rule in social theory and

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international relations. University of South Carolina Press, 1989.
Richard Ashley, The achievements of post-structuralism, in Steve Smith et al, (ed),
International theory: positivism and beyond.
V. Kubalkova, N. Onuf, and P. Kowert, eds., Constructing Constructivism, in Kubalkova,
Onuf, and Kowert, International Relations in a Constructed World, New York: M.E. Sharpe,
1998, pp. 3-24.
N. Onuf, Constructivism: A Users Manual, in Kubalkova, Onuf, and Kowert, eds., New York:
M.E. Sharpe, International Relations in a Constructed World. 1998, pp. 58-78.
V. Kubalkova, The Twenty Years Catharsis: E.H. Carr and IR, in Kubalkova, Onuf, and
Kowert, eds., International Relations in a Constructed World, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1998,
pp. 25-57.
Harry D. Gould, What Is at Stake in the Agent-Structure Debate? in Kubalkova, Onuf, and
Kowert, International Relations in a Constructed World, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1998, pp. 79100.
Wk. 13 - Foreign Policy/Domestic Politics
Graham Allison, Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis. Boston: Little
Brown and Co., 1971.

Recommended
Steve Smith, Theories of foreign policy: an historical overview, Review of International
Studies, 12, 1986, pp. 13-29.
International Studies Review Special Issue (Leaders, Groups, and Coalitions: Understanding
the People and Process in Foreign Policymaking. Vol. 3, Iss. 2, Summer 2001. (6 articles).
James Rosenau, Pre-Theories and Theories of Foreign Policy, in J. Rosenau, ed., The Scientific
Study of Foreign Policy. New York: The Free Press, 1971.
R. Snyder, H. Bruck, and B. Sapin, Foreign Policy Decision Making. Glencoe: The Free Press,
1962. Pp. 87-177.
David Campbell, Writing Security: United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity.
Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1992.
Graham Allison, Conceptual Models and the Cuban Missile Crisis, American Political Science
Review, Vol. LXIII, No. 3, 1969, pp. 689-718.

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Bhagat Korany, The Take-off of Third World Studies: The Case of Foreign Policy, World
Politics, Vol. 35, April 1983; Or
B. Korany, Foreign Policy Decisions in the Third World, International Political Science
Review, January 1984; Or
B. Korany, Foreign Policy Models and Their Empirical Relevance to Third-World Actors: A
critique and an alternative, International Social Science Journal, Vol. 26, March 1974.
Stephen Krasner, Defending the National Interest. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978,
Part I.
M. Hollis and S. Smith, Explaining and Understanding International Relations. pp. 92-142.
John D. Steinbruner, The Cybernetic Theory of Decision. Princeton: Princeton University Press,
1974.
Charles F. Hermann, Changing Course: When Governments Choose to Redirect Foreign
Policy, International Studies Quarterly (March 1990).
S.G. Walker, Role Theory and Foreign Policy Analysis. Durham: Duke University Press, 1987.
Walter Carlsnaes, The Agency-Structure Problem in Foreign Policy Analysis, International
Studies Quarterly, 36:3, 1992, 245-270.
Stephen Krasner, Are Bureaucrats Important: (Or Allison Wonderland) in G. John Ikenberry,
ed., American Foreign Policy: Theoretical Essay, pp. 419-433.
Persaud, Randolph, B., Counter-Hegemony and Foreign Policy: The Dialectics of Marginalized
and Global Forces in Jamaica. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2001.
The Sate and American Foreign Policy, Special Issue of International Organization, 42: 1
(Winter 1988).
Lawrence Freedman, Logic, Politics, and Foreign Policy Processes: a Critique of the
Bureaucratic Politics Model, International Affairs (July 1976).
Stephen G. Walker, The Evolution of Operational Code Analysis, Political Psychology (June
1990).
G. Allison and M. Halperin, Bureaucratic Politics: Paradigm and Some Policy Implications, in
J. Vasquez, ed., Classics in International Relations. New York: Prentice Hall, 1995.

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Robet Putnam, Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games,
International Organization 42:3 (Summer 1988), 428-460.

Other Interesting and Important Writings

Books/Select Chapters from Books
Michael Handel, Weak States in the International System. London: Frank Cass, 1981.
R.L Rothstein, The Weak in the World of the Strong: The Developing Countries in the
International System. New York: Columbia University Press, 1977.
Barry Buzan, Charles Jones, and Richard Little, The Logic of Anarchy: Neorealism to Structural
Realism. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.
Arend Lijphart, The Structure of the Theoretical Revolution in International Relations, in J.
Rosenau, et al. The Analysis of International Politics, pp. 80-95.
Immanuel Wallerstein, The inter-state structure of the modern world-system, in Smith, Booth,
and Zalewski, eds., International Theory: positivism and beyond, pp. 87-107.
Ole Waever, The rise and fall of the inter-paradigm debate, in Smith, Booth and Zalewski,
International theory: positivism and beyond. Cambridge Univ. Press, 1996
J.D. Singer, Theorists and Empiricists: the Two-Culture Problem in International Relations, in
James Rosenau et al., The Analysis of International Politics, 80-95.
J.A. Caporaso, Theories of Political Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Robert W. Cox, Critical Political Economy, in B. Hettne, ed., International Political Economy:
Understanding Global Disorder. London: Zed, 1995.
Thomas J. Biersteker, The triumph of neoclassical economics in the developing world: policy
convergence and bases of governance in the international order, in J.N. Rosenau and Ernst-Otto
Czempiel, eds., Governance without government: order and change in world politics.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992, pp. 102-131.
Craig N. Murphy and Roger Tooze, eds., The New International Political Economy. Boulder:
Lynne Rienner, 1991.
Y. Lapid and F. Krarochwil, eds., The Return of Culture and Identity in I.R. Theory. Boulder:
Lynne Rienner, 1997.

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S. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations: Remaking of World Order. New York: Simon and
Schuster, 1996.
Christopher Hill, Academic International Relations: The siren song of policy relevance, in Two
Worlds of International Relations: Academics, practitioners and the trade in ideas. London:
Routledge/LSE, 1994.
Edward Soja, History, Geography, Modernity, in S. During, ed., The Cultural Studies Reader.
London: Routledge, 1999, pp. 113-125.
James N. Rosenau, Governance, order, and change in world politics, in J. Rosenau & E.
Czempeil, eds., Governance without governments: order and change in world politics. pp. 1-29.
Robert Gilpin, War and Change in World Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1990.
Rebecca Grant and Kathleen Newland eds., Gender and International Relations. Bloomington:
Indiana University Press, 1991.
David Harvey, The Condition of Post-Modernity. London: Blackwell, 1990.
J.A. Hobson, Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism. London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1938.
Martin Hollis and Steve Smith, Explaining and understanding international relations, Oxford:
Clarendon Press, 1990.
Edward Said, Orientalism. New York: Pantheon Books, 1978.
Thomas C. Schelling, Strategy of Conflict. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1960.
Steve Smith, Ken Booth, and Maria Zalewski eds., International Theory: Positivism and Beyond.
New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
Christine Sylvester, Feminist Theory of International Relations in a Postmodern Era.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
Tzetvan Todorov, The Conquest of America. Norman: University of Oklahoma, 1999.
John A. Vasquez, The Power of Power Politics: A Critique New Brunswick, N.J. : Rutgers
University Press, 1983.
Kenneth Waltz, Man, the State, and War. New York: Columbia University Press, 1959.

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Kenneth Waltz, Theory of International Politics. New York : McGraw Hill, 1979.
Robert Jackson, Is there a classical international theory? in Smith, Booth, and Zalewski,
International theory: positivism and beyond. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996, pp.
203-220.
Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War. New York: Penguin, 1954 (or any other edition)
Book I: The Allied Congress at Sparta; Book III: The Mytilenian Debate; Book V: Alliance
Between Athens and Argos, and The Melian Dialogue; Book VI: The Debate at Syracuse.
Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan. New York: Penguin, 1968 (or any other edition) Chs. 13-15; 17-19.
Niccolo Machiavelli, The Prince and the Discourses. New York: Random House, 1950 (or any
other edition). From The Prince: Chs. VIII; XVII; XVIII; XIX and XXI. From The Discourses:
Chs. XXV; XXVI; and XXX.
Eric Williams, Capitalism and Slavery. London: Andre Deutsch, 1964.
Arjun Appadurai, Modernity at Large. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996.
Charles Beitz, Political Theory and International Relations. Princeton: Princeton University
Press, 1999.
E.H Carr, The Twenty Years' Crisis. New York: Harper & Row, 1964 (1946).
Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man. New York: Free Press, 1992.
Jim George, Discourse of Global Politics. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1994.
Rebecca Grant and Kathleen Newland eds., Gender and International Relations. Bloomington:
Indiana University Press, 1991.
Paul Gordon Lauren, Power and Prejudice. Boulder: Westview Press, 1996.
Christine Sylvester, Feminist Theory of International Relations in a Postmodern Era.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
John A. Vasquez, The Power of Power Politics: A Critique. New York: Rutgers University
Press, 1983. Ch. 1.
Martin Wight, Why is There No International Theory? in Herbert Butterfield and Martin
Wight, eds., Diplomatic Investigations: Essays on the Theory of International Politics, 89-131.

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Geoffrey Barraclough, An Introduction to Contemporary History. New York: Penguin, 1990.
F. Braudel, History and the Social Sciences: The longue duree, in On History. Chicago: Univ.
of Chicago Press, 1980.
E.J. Hobsbawm, The Age of Revolution 1789-1848. Toronto: Mentor, 1962.
E.J. Hobsbawm, Industry and Empire. New York: Penguin, 1968.
Ralph Davis, The Rise of the Atlantic Economies. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1973.
Eric Wolf, Europe and the People Without History. Los Angeles: University of California Press,
1982.
Henry Kissinger, A World Restored - Metternich, Castlereagh and the Problems of Peace 18121822. Boston: Houghton Miffin, 1957.
David Thompson, Europe Since Napoleon (2nd edition). London: Longman, 1957.
Perry Anderson, Lineages of the Absolutist State. London: NLB, 1974.
William Olson and Nicholas Onuf, The Growth of a Disciplined: Reviewed, in Steve Smith
(ed) International Relations: British and American Perspectives. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1985.
Michael Banks, The Inter-Paradigm Debate, in M. Light and A.J.R. Groom, International
Relations: A Handbook of Current Theory. London: Pinter, 1985, pp. 7-26.
Kal Holsti, The Dividing Discipline: Hegemony and Diversity in International Theory. Boston:
Unwin Hyman, 1985. Chs. 1-4, and 7.
Mike Shapiro, Textualizing Global Politics, in J. Der Derian and M. Shapiro, eds.,
International/Intertextual Relations: postmodern readings of world politics. Lexington:
Macmillan, 1989.

Articles
Gabriel Almond and Stephen Genco, Clouds, Clocks, and the Study of World Politics, World
Politics, 29:4 (July 1977), pp. 489-522.
Alexander Wendt, Bridging the theory/meta-theory gap in international relations, Review of
International Studies 17:4 (October 1991), 383-393.

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Mark Neufeld, Interpretation and the science of international relations, Review of International
Studies, Vol. 19, 1993.
Mark Neufeld, Reflexivity and International Relations Theory, Millennium, 22:1, 1993, 53-76.
Yosif Lapid, Quo Vadis International Relations? Further Reflections on the Next Stage of
International Theory, Millennium, 18:1 (Spring 1989).
Mark Hoffman, Critical Theory and the Inter-Paradigm Debate, Millennium, 16:2.
Mark Hoffman, Conversations on Critical International Relations Theory, Millennium, 17:1,
(Spring 1988), 91-95.
N.J. Rengger, Going Critical: A Response to Hoffman, Millennium, 17:1, (Spring 1988), 8199., 11-39.
Martin Hollis and Steve Smith, Beware of Gurus: Structure and Action in International
Relations, Review of International Studies, 17:4 (October 1991), 393-410.
James Caporaso, International Political Economy: Fad or Field? International Studies Notes,
13:1, 1-8.
Roxxane L. Doty, Immigration and national identity: constructing the nation, Review of
International Studies, 22 (1996), 235-255.
R.B.J. Walker, Dialogue: Towards a Critical Social Theory of International Politics,
Alternatives, 13 (1988), 77-102.
Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, Empire. London: Harvard University Press, 2000.
Walter Russsell Mead, Moral Splendor: The American Empire in Transition. Boston: Houghton
Mifflin, 1987.
Michael Mann, Incoherent Empire, London: Verso, 2003.
Robert W. Tucker and David C. Hendrickson, The Imperial Temptation: The New World Order
and Americas Purpose. New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1992.
Charles Kupchan, The End of the American Era. New York: Vintage, 1992.

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David Wilkinson, Unipolarity Without Hegemony, International Studies Review: Prospects for
International Relations: Conjectures about the Next Millennium. (Special Issue) edited by David
B. Bobrow.
Roger Owen and Bob Sutcliffe, Studies in the Theory of Imperialism. London: Longman, 1972.
Anthony Brewer, Marxist Theories of Imperialism. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1980.
Gopaul Balakrsihnan, Debating Empire. London: Verso, 2003.

Robert A. Denemark, World System History: From Traditional International Politics to the
Study of Global Relations, International Studies Review, (Special Issue) - Prospects for
International Relations: Conjectures about the Next Millennium, 1:2 (Summer 1999), 43-75.
Michael Brecher, International Studies in the Twentieth Century and Beyond: Flawed
Dichotomies, Synthesis, Cumulation, in International Studies Quarterly, 43:2, June 1999.
Cynthia Weber, Reading Martin Wights Why Is There No International Theory? as History,
Alternatives, 23:4, Oct-Dec. 1998.
David J. Singer, The levels of analysis problem, World Politics, Vol. 14, 1961.
Mary Dufree and James N. Rosenau, Playing Catch-UP: International Relations Theory and
Poverty. Millennium, 25:3, 1995.
Margaret G. Herman, One Field, Many Perspectives: Building the Foundations for Dialogue,
International Studies Quarterly, 42:4, 1998.
Alexander Wendt, Levels of Analysis vs Agents and Structures: Part III, Review of
International Studies, 18:2 (April 1992), 181-186.
Ekkehart Krippendorf, The Dominance of American Approaches in International Relations,
Millennium, 16:2, 1987, 207-214.

25