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Internal multiple attenuation using inverse scattering: Results from prestack 1 & 2D acoustic and
elastic synthetics
R. T. Coates*, Schlumberger Cambridge Research, A. B. Weglein, Arco Exploration and Production Technology
Summary
The attenuation of internal multiples in a multidimensional
earth is an important and longstanding problem in exploration seismics. In this paper we report the results of applying an attenuation algorithm based on the inverse scattering series to synthetic prestack data sets generated in on
and two dimensional earth models. The attenuation algorithm requires no information about the subsurface structure
or the velocity field. However, detailed information about
the source wavelet is a prerequisite. An attractive feature of:
the attenuation algorithm is the preservation of the amplitude
(and phase) of primary events in the data; thus allowing for
subsequent AVO and other true amplitude processing.
Introduction
Seismic processing typically assumes that reflection data
consists of primaries, i.e., that a single upward reflection has
occured between source and receiver. Signals which do not
conform to this model are usually regarded as noise to be
attenuated. Multiples have two or more upward, and one
or more downward reflectons between source and receiver,
figure 1, and thus are regarded as noise in seismic data. Multiples may be divided into two groups: surface multiples
where one or more of the downward reflections occur at the
free surface, and internal multiples where all downward reflections occur below the free surface. Here we concentrate
solely on internal multiples, assuming that all free surface
multiples have already been removed from the data.
(2)
Similarly, if we define the data, D, as the scattered field
recorded at the surface we can write the perturbation, V as a
series in the data, i.e. we write V as
(3)
Theory
The internal multiple attenuation algorithm tested here is
presented in detail in Weglein and Araujo (1994), Araujo
(1994) and Weglein et al. (1996); here we provide only the
briefest summary. In the forward problem the scattered field,
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The two primaries and the first order multiple are clearly visible in the data with the second order multiple less so.
Figure 3 shows a detail of the synthetics after the calculation and addition of the first order mulitple attenuation term.
The first order multiple at 0.7 s has been significantly attenuated. Although not shown on this time window the primaries
remain untouched. Note that the second order multiple at
0.95 s also experiences a reduction in amplitude; an additional degree of attenuation will be achieved by calculating
the second order attenuation term.
is a small time interval which ensure that multiple scattering of an event with itself is excluded fmm the multiple
attenuation series. For infinite bandwidth data may be a
single time sample, for bandlimited data should be greater
than the wavelet duration. M1 when added to the data attenuates all first order internal multiples at a single step, Although, equation (7) may be extended in a straight forward
way to higher-order multiples (see references above), it has
been out experience on synthetic data that these higher order
terms are rarely required due to the rapid decay with order in
the amplitude of internal multiples.
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Figure 3: A detail of the 1D prestack acoustic synthetics before (solid line) and after (filled trace) first order
multiple attenuation.
slightly. Extending the inverse scattering multiple attenuation to an elastic reference medium, which we might expect
to attenuate S-wave events more effectively, is the subject of
further research.
Discussion
We have presented the results of testing an inverse scattering
series internal multiple attenuation algorithm on 1- and 2D
acoustic and 1D elastic media. The method attenuates all
multiples of a given order at a single step and does so without
affecting primary signals.
The method requires no information about the subsurface
structure or velocity field. It predicts multiples directly from
the data. A prerequiste of the method is a detailed knowl-
1524
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edge of the wavelet. The results from the acoustic models are
very encouraging showing significant attenuation in both 1D
and ZD. The algorithm is equally effective for elastic models
in attenuating multiple events of an entirely P-wave history.
Events with S-wave legs are not as well attenuated, this motivates our elastic reference medium internal multiple attenuation research.
References
Arajo, F.V., 1994. Linear and non-linear methods derived
from scattering theory: back scattering tomography and internal multiple attenuation: Ph.D Thesis, Universidade Federal
da Bahia. Brazil (in Portuguese).
Weglein, A.B., and Arajo, F.V., 1994. Processing reflection
data, Patent Application No. GB94/O2246.
Weglein, A.B.. Gasparotto. F.V., Carvalo, P.M. and Stolt
R.H.. 1996. An inverse scattering series method for attenuating multiples in seismic reflection data, submitted to Geophysics.
Figure 8: Internal multiples in an elastic model illuminated by a single plane wave. Data and first order
multiples (left panel), first order multiple attenuation
term (center) and a comparison of the data before and
after attenuation (right) (where tbe later has been sifted
slightly for visiblity). Multiple events consisting of
only P-wave legs have been significantly attenuated.
Events with one or more S-wave legs are less well attenuated.
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