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Case 7:07-cv-00102-HL Document 4 Filed 08/09/2007 Page 1 of 4
ORDER
As part of the initial review process, the Court determines whether a proper
jurisdictional basis exists for each case. Because federal courts have only limited jurisdiction,
the Court can only proceed with the requisite jurisdiction. Save the Bay, Inc. v.United States
Army, 639 F.2d 1100, 1102 (5th Cir. 1981).1 It is generally a plaintiff's burden to allege, with
particularity, facts necessary to establish jurisdiction. Morrison v. Allstate Indem. Co., 228
based on diversity of citizenship, the Court will not discuss the elements necessary to
1
Decisions of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit handed down prior to
September 30, 1981 are binding precedent in the Eleventh Circuit. Bonner v. City of Pritchard,
661 F.2d 1206, 1207 (11th Cir. 1981).
Dockets.Justia.com
Case 7:07-cv-00102-HL Document 4 Filed 08/09/2007 Page 2 of 4
jurisdiction are set forth in 28 U.S.C. § 1332, which states that federal district courts have
original jurisdiction “of all civil actions where the matter in controversy exceeds the sum or
value of $75,000, exclusive of interest and costs, and is between . . . citizens of different
States.” 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a)(1) (2000). In addition, “complete diversity” must exist between
all parties for the court to retain jurisdiction; this means that every plaintiff must be diverse
from every defendant. Triggs v. John Crump Toyota, Inc., 154 F.3d 1284, 1287
federal courts hold that citizenship is equivalent to “domicile” for purposes of diversity
jurisdiction. McCormick v. Anderholt, 293 F.3d 1254, 1257 (11th Cir. 2002). Domicile
generally requires physical presence in the state and the intent to make the state one's “‘true,
fixed, and permanent home and principal establishment.’” Id. (quoting Mas v. Perry, 489
F.2d 1396, 1399 (5th Cir.1974)). Further, a person may reside in one place but be domiciled
in another. Miss. Band of Choctaw Indians v. Holyfield, 490 U.S. 30, 48, 109 S. Ct. 1597,
1608 (1989). Thus, mere residency is not enough to establish citizenship for diversity
jurisdiction.
citizenship of each member composing the organization. Carden v. Arkoma Assocs., 494
U.S. 185, 195-96, 110 S. Ct. 1015, 1021 (1990). For diversity purposes, an unincorporated
entity is a citizen of each state of which a member of the entity is a citizen. Id. Therefore,
“[t]o sufficiently allege the citizenships of [most] unincorporated business entities, a party
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Case 7:07-cv-00102-HL Document 4 Filed 08/09/2007 Page 3 of 4
must list the citizenships of all the members of the [entity].” Rolling Greens MHP, L.P. v.
Comcast SCH Holdings L.L.C., 374 F.3d 1020, 1022 (2004). In contrast, a corporation is
a “citizen of any State by which it has been incorporated and of the State where it has its
principal place of business.” 28 U.S.C. § 1332(c)(1) (2000). Although not defined by federal
statue, a corporation's principal place of business has been defined by federal case law.
Principal place of business is determined by analyzing the total activity of the corporation.
Village Fair Shopping Center v. Sam Broadhead Trust, 588 F.2d 431, 434 (5th Cir.1979).
The Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals has adopted the “total activities” test to determine a
Investment Properties, Inc., 724 F.2d 907, 910 (11th Cir.1984). “Under this test, if a
corporation conducts the vast majority of its physical operations in a particular state, that
state will contain its principal place of business; however, if a corporation's physical
activities are negligible or are dispersed across several states, ‘the nerve center, or corporate
offices, will be the principal place of business.’” MacGinnitie v. Hobbs Group, 420 F.3d
1234, 1239 (11th Cir. 2005) (quoting Toms v. Country Quality Meats, Inc.,
610 F.2d 313, 315 (5th Cir.1980). Accordingly, it is necessary in order to establish the
citizenship of a corporation to allege not only under which state’s law the corporation was
incorporated, but also in which state the corporation’s principal place of business is location.
Nevertheless, alleging the state in which a corporation does business is not enough to
Plaintiff has failed to properly allege the citizenship of Defendant TWR Properties,
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Case 7:07-cv-00102-HL Document 4 Filed 08/09/2007 Page 4 of 4
L.L.C.2 Therefore, Plaintiff has twenty days from the entry of this order on the docket, to
properly allege jurisdiction. If Plaintiff fails to do so, the case will be dismissed for lack of
jurisdiction.
2
Although the Complaint does not properly address the matter, it appears Plaintiff New York
Life Insurance Company is treated as a corporation for diversity purposes. See Barnett v.
Norfolk & Dedham Mut. Fire Ins. Co., 773 F. Supp. 1529, 1531 (N.D. Ga. 1991) (“If an entity is
treated as a corporation under state law, it matters not for purposes of diversity jurisdiction
whether the corporation is formally shareless or has members rather than shareholders.”)