T. A. EDISON.

Electric-Lamp.
N

o. 223, 898,

Patented jan. 27, 1880.

BEST AVAILABLE CUI-

UNrrED
TSONAS

ST~TXS PLTrxrr OFFrCX.

4

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KLKCTRIC

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OFQCXFJCATfON keishaS yest ec Lst4asa paheat wcL $08.8%0. 4sce4 Jaeearg SV,
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Ss it knowxl that I TBcxLs JKLVL RD180% globe caouoC be kcpC Clght aC the plans w~ere
of Mcn&o Park, in Che State of Yew Jersey, the e iree peas in aud are ocracutc4; hence Che 55
United Sbates of. h. mc6cs, have
invcnCal au

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5 Improvement

in ElcctrM
and in the
method of manufacturing the same', (Caco 2fo.
R86, ) of which the foliowisuf is a speci6caCion.
The objccC of this i"ventiou ie to produce
electri lamps giving
by incandescence,
so which lamps ahaU have high resistance, so an
Co allow of the qracticsl subdivision
of Lhe
eIectrio IighC.

list

co~

The inventiou
in a light giving body
otcarbou wire or sheets ooilecf or arranged in
t5 nch a manner as to o5'cr greet resistance to
the yesssgc of the el~rie cr.rrcnt, and at the
~arne time present but ~ slight surface from
which radiation can take place.
Illy iuvcnUon further consists in ptscing
im seCh burner of great rcs~cc in a uearlyvacuum. Cn pieveuC oxidation aad inury to the conductor by the atmosphere. The
current is conducted into thc vacuum-bulb
Chreugh plstiua wires sealed into the glssL
Thciuventiou farther oousistsiu the method
of manufacturin carbon conductors of high
svuistanuc, so es to be suitable for giving light
by Inccudesccncc, aud in the manner of securing perfect contact bctwccu the metallic couducsors or lending wires and the carbon con-

~ 4uctor.

Heretofore light by incandescence hss been

obtained from rods of carbon of oue to four
ohms xesistancc, placed in closed vassals, in
3$ which Lhc atmospheric air hss been replaced
by gases that do not combine chamicslly with
@ carbon. The vessel hoMing the burner
hss been composcdI of glsss cemented to a metsdlic base. The conn~on between the lcadtug wi~ and &e cszb~ s has b~ca ob'. I n 4 ') ~ '
clamping Lhc carbon to the ~tel
Tb, i IC 4ing-'wires have always been large, so Chat
ci r
resistance shall bs msuy times lan than the
burner, cnd, in genera), the attempts of prcIt5 wious persons bsve
to reduce the resistance
ofthcccrbourod. Thcdisadvantsgesof folioIug th!s prcctios are, that a lamp having '&ui
uetofouf ohms ieiistancccaooot uc words% In
great numbers iu
are without thc em8 pioymcnt of mein multiple
conductors of enormous dith3L, ovlug to
lo'w Flslstsnce Qf
++ Inss@j the leaaling-wirreLhc must bc of large

~u

~ons

carbon is consumed, because them musC bt, almost ~ pcrfccC vacuum to render the carbon
stable, ~pccially when such carbon is sma8 ia
msa aod high iu clccCricsl resistance.
Thence o( a gae in t, hc reosiver at Cheatmcephcrie pieanre, although noC attacking
thc carbon, serves L'o dcstrcy iC in time by "alrvsahing,
or the attrition produced by the
rapid paiuige of the air over the sightly~
herent highly-heated snrfsce of the carboiL I
have revciscd this practice. I have dhmovered
that even a cotton thread properly ~boniscd
and placed in a scaled Clam bulb exhausted Co
one. millionth of an atmosphere offers froni oae
hundred to fire hundred ohms resistance to Chc
passage of the current aud that it is sbsoiut+&F
stable at very higfi temperatures; that if the
fibrous
thres4 be coiled as a spiral nd carbo*cd ~
or lf auy 6brous vegetable substance which
will leave a carbon residue sAcr heating in ~
closed chamber be so coiled, as much as two
l
. thousand ohms resistance may bc obtained
. without premting a rsdiatiug-surface greater
than three-sixtccnths nf an inch; Lust if suc
I
material be rubbed ith a plastic corn.
posed of lamp- black and ter, its rcsistan
may be made high or low. according to the
amount of Lamp-black placed upon iti that c
bou ilismcuts msv bc, made by a comhicat'
of tar aud lamp-black, tbe latter being pre..
! viously ignited in a closed crucible for several
hohrs aud afterward moistened and kncsdcd
' until
it assumes the coiisistcucy of thick putty. Small pieces of this material m&y be
iolled out, iu the form of wire as small ae sev cu
one-Chousaodths of a inch in diameter au4
~vcr. a foot in length, snd the ssme tnay be
a nou. couductiog non-carbon&slug
a spisob;~ce and mound ou a bobbin, or sscha
ral , an 4 th e tur carbouiscd in a closed
the sp iral
bcr by subjecting it to high haa4 thee
form.
its
rctainiog
atter carbonization
All thalia forms are fragile and &ann ot bc
clamped to the lcadiug wires with su&cicnt
venC beatforce to insure good contact snd preve
ing. I have discovered that if platinum wirve
ter
are used and thc plastic lamp. black aud caro!
act
Lhe
iu
it
od
niou
inolderl
iuatcrial be
bonisetioa there is su intimate union by oem-

da

"

.65

7o

15

55

95

&ms

8E&&T

material be molded around it in the act of carbonixation there i aii itimste uniou by combination srl by pressure between the carbo
sng plntis, anil nee&rly perfect contact is ob5 tsied witbnut thoexv&ity of clamps; hece
the burner si&d tl&e liling-wires are coected to the carbon re&&rly to be placerl in the vacuum-bulb.
When fiin~isterisl is used the pletio
ro Ismp-black snd tsrsre u~l tocore it to the
plntia before carbo ising.
Hy uiiig thc carbo wire of cl& high reit&Ice I ai eiinbleil to ue Sne pistinoin
wires for ledig-wire&s, as they will I&ave a
r 5 e&all rcsitiw cr&mI&ared to thc burer, sd
I&en&a& wiII nt I I &Id crck tl&e sealed vscI'Istiiics oiily be II~I. as its
ui-I&ll&.
cxi&nnio i nearly thes&e &Is tbst of gliis.
Byig ci&airier&rbie length of crbo
zo &viie ni&d eiliiig it the exterior, which i. oly
a &all l&rtimi i&f it etire& surfcc& will form
the I&nciiil rmlitii&g-&Irf&rce; hece I sm
able to rsie thei&Iitic heat of tire whole of
tl&e csrb, s&I Ili I&revet ti& rapid reed. i&r5 tioii anil &li&II&I&e&II-~e&e of the light, which o
s plsi wire is i&ixj&iilieiaI, ss it shows the
least & ter&rlii&cs i&f the current by the Sicke&ring of Ilic light; bt if the cnrret i steady
the defect docot how.
I have carboizeiI il used ocr ton and lie
3o
thread, w~l sl&liiit, i&i&i&er coiled in vnrious
ways, &lo lamp-black, I&lumbago, anil carbon
iii vsrios forms, Inixed &virh tar nud keaded
so Ihst tbe same msy be rlied out, into wires
Each wire.
35 of various lengths &I ilismeters.
however, i to beifori i sixe throughout.
If the carbo thre&l is liable to be distorted
during carboixstio it i Io be coiled betwen
a helix of copper wire. The endsof thecarso bon or Sls&et are secure&I to the plstia
leading-aires by plastic csrboiiissble material,
sd the whole placed in thecarboiiixiugwhsmber. The rx&pper& which bsserve&i Co prevet
distortion of the carbon thresrl& is afterward
s5 eaten sway by riitric acid, and thepiral soaked
in water& and tbeu dried sir&i placed oii the
glass holder, and a glass bulb blown over the
whole, with a leading-tube fr exhausCiou by
~ marx&ury-pump.
This tube, when s high

AVpll. p8LE

Copy

vacunm has been reached& ls hermetically 5o

sealed.
With subsianoes which are not greatly ditorted in carboising& they rusy be coated with
s no~iiductlng non-csrbonissble substance,
wliich allows one coil or tnru of the carbon to 55
rest upon aud be supported by tbe other.
In the drawings, Figi&s 1 shows tbe lamp
sectionally. Ir is. the carbon spiral or thread.
o I&' are the thickened ends of the spiral, formed
of the plastic compound of lamp-black and tsr. 6o
d d'are the platina wires.
h are theclainp,
which serve to connect the platiua wires, come&&te&I iu the carbon, with the leading-wires
x s'& sealcil In Clio glass vacuum-bulb. c d sr&e&
colil&cr wires, counecterl just outside the bulb 65
to the wires x a'. s& i the tube (shown by
dotted lines) lcsdiug to tlie vacuuin-purup,
which, niter ex hsustii&, is hermetically sealed
anil tlieurpl reinoved.
Fig. 2 rcI&renets the plastic inaterial before yo
bclug woulld 1to a spiral.
Fig. 3 shows the spiral after csrbonisstion,
ready to have n bulb blowu over it.
I claim as my iuventioul. An electric lsip for giviug light by i- 75
cadcscence, oonsistiug of a Slament of carbon
of high re&&jets&ice& Inade as described& aud secured to metsIUc wires, as set forth.
2. The Ix&mbiustion of carbon Slaments with
a receiver Inade entirely of glass and conduct- So
ors passing through the glass, aud kom which
receiver the air is exhausted, for the purposes
set forth.
3. A carboii Slsmeut or strip ooiled ail
corinccled Io electric coudnctors so Chat only II5
a porCion of the surface of such carbon oonductors shall be exposed for railiating light,

ss set forCh.
4. The method herein described of securing

the plstiua contact-wires to the carbon Sla- 9o

ment sud carbouhdng of the whole iu a closed
chamber, substantially as seC forth.
Signed by me this 1st day of November,

A. D. 1870.

Witmes&

'EHOMAS A. EDI8ON.

S. L Oaxrt&nr,
Joaa P. Baanoxm

che Stllowiag sertULoate han boca attnhad Co Itetters Ptttsat granted

Misou fog jmprovnmont ia Q Qletttrio Itnmpnt g~ SNtSSSt dated January

It le found that
Ines

07, 1880:

DSPkBTMBHT OF TRB IHTSRIOBt

%IIT9 sr JEW 0J'tt, tHrOt

WJNKere, D. ODeems ~e, ISSS.

Iu oolnpiiauoo with tbo rQuest of Cho partly la interest Itettetn Patent No RNtSSSt
granted January 07, LSSD, to Thomas k.. Bdioont f lkonlo parht New Jersey, for an
ituprovemout ia Bleotrio Itampstt' is hereby Limited eo ae to i pire at the same time
with the patent of the following-named, having the ehortesC time to ma, vis. t British
nt, dated November 17, 1870,
steat, dated November 10,1870, No. 4t&78; Oauadiaa
0 10&054i Belgian patentt dated Novontber Sst 1870) Roe 40t884 ) Italian itat4tott tinted
Deoembor 8, 1870, and Frnoh pateat, datotl January SD, LSSO, No. ~788.
It is hereby oerti&od that tho propos euttiea aa4 oorreotlous hare been made in the
&les aud roaortls of Che Patent ONLe.
This amendment ls ms4e that the United 8tatss patent meg ooa&trm to the ptovisious of section 4887 of. the Berlsod Statutes.
BBNJ. BUTTBRWOBTII,
Oommissisae

hpplovstl t
M. I Jea.rt
Atttlttg listtrstnrg

of tkv

of PlsksatL

Tttterior,

Now, iu oomplianos with tho request of Che portion la iuterestt said oertiloats ie
hereby ttttstttttlsd aod proper eatriee aa4 oorreochms' hare betm made la the Nn aad
ricords of the Patent OSLoa.
Iu testlmoay whereof I have hereunto set my hand aad oaased tha esai of Che patent
Odloe Co be aSLxed, thfis 15th duly of March, 1808.

W.

B. SIMOND8

Cbmtmimioasr

h p proved t
Pram Bvnner,
.dssistaat 8sorsf4try

g potsatL

of Ci Interior.

DBPLRUALMT OF TIIB IMRILIOB,

Qrraur4%%$ FJrllr ninInat

~
~

ly Jnramo, D. G, Destmlor fd,

In otmtnManoe with the retlneet of the p

ln interest, Itsttsrn

NtL

%!pN

Hew Jasmin, Str ea

07, lSSO, Co Thomas h Bdieoa of Meulo
J
ted January
paa
"
at Ch ~
tttpcovemeat in 4'Ekotrio. Lamlte, is hsceby limited so ee to ex
having the shortest time Cs raa, riot SrNA
with the patent of tbe following
Patent dated November 10, I 870, N. 4.578; Canadian Patent dats4 'Re~bar 17~ IS~
o. 10854l, Bttlttian patestdatsd

Ilovestber 90 1870, No

dtttttii hesembec 5. 1870 and Frenob Patttnt 4abd January 00 1

is htttwby ooiCi &ed Aat the ntiopttr sutras aud certootlotts bare

It

Itn5au PnSsiit
%o QS;7/Sl
bees medo ia Che

&les anti rttoortls of the Patent OSLoo.

This stttettdmeot is mode Chat tho CuBe& States Peoitnt may eouStrm Ce the
N tts of Session 4857 of Che Berated Qatsttoa

BBM. BUTTBRWORTE,
onamim4tar

Approved t

5L It. JO8IYHt
gtieittg Ihorssitrp

Q Car

Tater4er.

g&tntte.