Professional Documents
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NET
JUNE 2015
Business
Energy
GENERATION | EFFICIENCY | TECHNOLOGY
A Healthy
Dose of
Efficiency
Hospitals prescribe
HVAC & lighting
upgrades
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Business
Energy
GENERATION | EFFICIENCY | TECHNOLOGY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Features
10 A Healthy Dose of Efficiency
Hospitals may prioritize medical equipment,
but cant ignore their unique HVAC needs.
By David C. Richardson
20 Switchgear: Safety and Matters of Space
Arc flash prevention, mobility, and regulatory compliance
By Matt M. Casey
25 Perspectives on Lighting Retrofits
Improved efficiency and safety,
lowered costs and maintenance
By Carol Brzozowski
SWITCHGEAR
pg 20
GENSETS
pg 32
LIGHTING
pg 25
HOSPITALS
pg 10
4 www.BusinessEnergy.net
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Features continued
40 Managing Our Way to the Internet of Energy
Enabling granular, real time, actionable information, and control
By Mark Scott Lavin
Departments
EMS
pg 40
Editors Comments 8
Products & Services Directory 47
Project Profile 48
Spotlight 51
ShowCase 52
Marketplace 57
Advertisers Index 57
Reader Profile 58
pg 25
Cover Photo: FloydMedicalCenter/CMTA Engineers
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6 www.BusinessEnergy.net
DIESEL
The nancial world never stops, so having a dependable power source for our data center is critical. Our system
was built to be redundant so we can perform maintenance without interrupting power. Effective and efcient, our
Cat C32 diesel generator sets give us 2 MW of power that seamlessly step in. Weve had outages that didnt slow
us down for a second and went largely unnoticed. Backed by Cat power, weve designed and built one of the most
efcient data centers in North America.
EDITORS COMMENTS
Nancy Gross
The Building of
Wellness
iStock/Ridofranz
Our cover story, David Richardsons A Healthy Dose of Efficiency (page 10), highlights the specific IAQ needs of hospitals,
with reporting on technologies that are also employed in other
commercial, industrial, and institutional settings. When I spoke with
Kevin DeMaster, designer of utility rebate programs, about one of
the technologies profiled, Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF), I was
informed that these use a third to half as much energy to produce the
same result as conventional HVAC, and there is no cycling, making
the processes, he says, quieter than a human whisper.
Many innovations in HVAC in the US, such as VRF, are not as
new as they seem, but have been used in
Europe for decades. They often incorporate passive processes; such peaceful
systems speak to the topics of health
and wellness.
Saving money is important to
the governing boards of many health
care facilities, and even if other kinds
of equipment are prioritized, this is an
argument for efficiency, too. We have
a submission from Kansas City Power
and Light that discusses an outdoor
lighting upgrade at a rural Missouri
hospital which led to significant savings on costs and energy (page 48).
Efficiency rebates made the LED project even more attractive to the
hospital leadership.
Our article on engines and gensets (page 32) is certainly
relevant to the health care industry, where critical power couldnt be
more critical, both for the preservation of patient lives and patient
records. Hurricane Sandy brought attention to the need for gensets
and their fuel to be in the best possible shape and location should
they become all that a building has to rely on.
Shelterit is among our basic needs. Moreover, we rely on
buildings for our quality of life, and buildings rely on us for theirs. I
propose that an old standard can be a fitting toast for ribbon cutting
ceremonies at hospitalsand other propertieseverywhere, but it
should be said once facing the building, and again facing the crowd:
To your health! BE
J. Michael Edwards
Jim Moxley
Michael Zimmer
President
Principal
Healthsouth Corp.
Birmingham, AL
Senior Engineer
& Project Manager
SBW Consulting Inc.
Seattle, WA
Executive in Residence
& Senior Fellow
Ohio University
Athens, OH
Jeff Dummermuth
Project Manager
Patton Air Conditioning
Fresno, CA
Barry Worthington
Director of OperationsSMG
SeaGate Convention Centre/
Huntington Center Arena
Toledo, OH
Executive Director, US
Energy Association
Washington DC
8 www.BusinessEnergy.net
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HOSPITALS
A Healthy Dose
of Efficiency
10 www.BusinessEnergy.net
nentes purview, its not difficult to see why English says from
his perspective, Every project is an energy project.
Stephanie Buckler, Esquire, an Outreach Specialist for
Healthier Hospitals Initiative, says working toward energy
efficiency is a chance for hospitals across the nation to save
significantly and improve their bottom line. She wrote in a
blog post, Energy Star estimates that nationally, every $1
savings in annual energy costs is equivalent to an increase of
$20 in annual revenue (based on a 5% net operating margin).
When a hospital has a net margin of 1.5%, every $1 energy
savings is worth $67 in increased revenue.
Most of us would not be surprised to see a hospitals
investments in helping people resolve health issues take precedence over energy management; hospitals are in business
to save lives, not to haggle over BTU expenditures. Rightfully,
they are not bashful about their caregiving mission goals,
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1 - 8 0 0 - YA S K A W A | YA S K A W A . C O M
SWITCHGEAR
Switchgear:
Safety and
Matters of Space
iStock/ulkan
20 www.BusinessEnergy.net
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than they would be with air gaps, he says. Depending on the customers needs, this can make it easier
for Anord to fit new gear into an existing electrical
room, leave space for future expansion, or leave
space for employees to enter and work in the room
comfortably.
For Pioneer Power Solutions, their approach to
tight spaces has more to do with installation than
equipment. Were pretty flexible; we dont have a
standardized product, says Vince Visconti, general
manager of Pioneers strategic sales group.
The company recently completed a project for
the Federal Emergency Management Agency, he says,
in which they had to fit a 4,000-A, 480-V emergency
switchboard into a particularly awkward equipment
room. The agency built the room on eight parking
spaces in a garage. In addition to its L-shaped footprint, the second section had clearance of just 80
inches due to overhead pipes.
The challenge of cramming more equipment
into the same (or less) space has grown, Visconti
says, because new codes have made the new equipment physically larger. New UL standards, for
example, require more gutter space on switchgear.
(See the section later in this article, titled Regulatory
Environment.)
Pioneer Power Solutions, Visconti says, generally gets around these problems by building custom
busses and cabinets for off-the-shelf breakers from
Eaton, GE, Siemens, or Square-D. You can basically
configure the custom gear any way you want, he
explains. Within physical limitations, obviously.
But Pioneer doesnt work magic. Youre talking
about cutting inches, he says, not taking 20 feet worth of
equipment and stuffing it into a 10-foot space.
And custom work isnt for everyone, Visconti adds.
Pioneer charges less for custom work than other companies
do, but custom work still comes at a premium. If a utility
or facility manager needs standard indoor switchgear and
switchboards, he says, the majors can do that pretty well.
Mobility and Mirrored Design
In addition to working in tight
spaces, Kowalik says his customers
increasingly need substations that
can physically move on short notice.
Customers working in fracking or in the natural gas industry
often need substations quickly. But
their use at a particular site might
be short-lived, making a traditional
install inconvenientespecially
when they may suddenly be needed
on another field. So, ABB and
other switchgear suppliers can now
deliver their equipment that fits in
pre-fabricated buildings known as
E-Houses.
22 www.BusinessEnergy.net
SWITCHGEAR
SWITCHGEAR
Photos: ABB
ABB IS-Limiter
ABBs AMVAC
magnetically
actuated breaker
AMVAC
24 www.BusinessEnergy.net
Employers may institute measures (such as selecting circuit breakers designed to keep the probability of
restrikes extremely low...) to reduce the
probability of restrike to a negligible
level. Employers may then ignore the
potential for restrike in calculating
maximum transient overvoltages as
long as those measures are in place.
This also means that employers
who institute safety measures directly
on their switchgearsuch as using
arc-resistant switchgear or earthing
switchescan relax the intensity of
their employees safety equipment.
Altogether, OSHA projected that
the new ruleswhich also include
guidelines for fall-protection equipment and safety distances from
exposed energized partswould prevent approximately 118 serious injuries
and 20 fatalities each year.
And its likely that the existing
installations of the kind of gear the
new regulations encourage has already
saved dozensif not hundredsof
lives. As the anecdote at the beginning of this article shows, a North
American utility could have added
14 casualties to 2014s injury statistics when they energized their power
distribution center in November.
Instead, the utility chose to disasterproof its switchgear. Ultimately, that
choice saved both money and human
well-being.
But modern switchgear improves
on traditional equipment in many ways.
As existing gear reaches the end of its
useful life, utilities and facilities managers have plenty of reason to upgrade.
New gear saves time and money on
maintenance. It fits into increasingly
tight spaces. And it improves uptime
and reliabilityall of which are tremendous bonuses on top of new gears
potential to save lives. BE
Journalist Matt M. Casey writes about
science and technology.
BE
LIGHTING
Perspectives
on
Lighting
Retrofits
IMPROVED EFFICIENCY AND
SAFETY, LOWERED COSTS
AND MAINTENANCE
BY CAROL BRZOZOWSKI
LIGHTING
and covers. Whatever is up there, this will work with it, and we
have a retention system that allows it to fit. It could be as small
as five-and-one-fourth, and as large as six-and-a-halfwe
wanted one fixture that could fit that whole range.
Spencer points out a feature offered by Juno Lighting that
is favored by users: If you have a compact fluorescent bulb,
you would have a certain amount of foot-candles and when
the compact fluorescent was no good, it would burn out. You
would replace it with a new lamp, and when you do, it reestablishes the light levels in that space. With LED, it doesnt
burn outit just keeps getting dimmer and dimmer. Looking
at an office space, classroom, or stairwell, somebody with a
trained eye would notice it has half the light or less than its
supposed to have.
To mitigate that, Juno Lighting designed a lumen depreciation indicator. We made it really easy to replace the light
engine and the driver from below, but somehow we needed to
tell them that its time to replace the light, because its not like
a compact fluorescent when it burns out, says Spencer.
Juno Lighting designed the indicator to turn off the LED
once it reaches 70% of its initial output. The most intuitive
thing for a maintenance worker to do is to pull the trim down
and take a look inside to find out why this is off, says Spencer. When he does, we have a small indicator light that turns
orange, and the label next to it says if this is orange, its time to
replace the LED to re-establish light levels.
The indicator enables the maintenance worker to turn the
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LIGHTING
LIGHTING
LED lighting, design and rebate management through energy-efficient lighting products, audit and survey capabilities, and project management, as well as
lighting control system design, installation, and commissioning.
RAB Lighting offers LED lighting
and controls and free lighting design
services. There are three factors that
drive a facility owner/operators decision
to engage in a lighting retrofit, notes
Donald G. Andrews, LC, MIES, design
studio coordinator and senior lighting
designer for RAB Lighting.
Facilities paying a high cost per
kilowatt-hour will see the most benefit in retrofitting to LED, he notes. He
agrees with Kurtz that fixture age is
another factor, pointing out that facilities that have a significant number of
fixtures near end of life, such as old
ballast, faded or discolored reflectors,
cracked or broken lens, will find this to
be a natural time to retrofit to LED.
A need to improve the lighting is
a third consideration, touching on factors such as correlated color temperature, lighting distribution and glare
control, Andrew says.
Shaun Fillion, LC, MIES, and
senior lighting designer for RAB Lighting, says that in modern facilities,
electric lighting uses less than 5% of
the total energy use of the building.
As such, energy savings from LED is
superseded by the impact that LED can
have on maintenance, he points out.
Traditional sources use lamps,
which require spot re-lamping when
they fail, explains Fillion. This can
result in disruptions, which impact
the productivity of a modern facility.
LEDs have integrated light engines
which do not need replacing, resulting
in 100,000 hours, or more, of dependable, uninterrupted performance. LED
BE
Weve Got
Your Back-up Covered
GENSETS
iStock/Fertnig
32 www.BusinessEnergy.net
not sound very sexy or high tech, it can save an office building tens of thousands of dollars each year. And, it can save
a nations economy billions of dollars annually. So, though
updated gensets may not make headlines like the debut of a
new electric self-driving automobile, an improved genset can
make a significant difference to a businesss ability to operate,
as well as to its bottom line.
Gensets and Engines: What Do They Do;
How Do They Operate?
Genset is short for engine generator set. These portable
power sources have three main parts:
The electrical generator is the source of the electrical
power produced by the genset.
The reciprocating engine drives the generator: The engine
is mounted together with the electrical generator as one
GENSETS
Kraft Power
suffer greater wear and tear over time. Diesel engines will tend
to have lower overall maintenance and replacement parts costs.
Despite these disadvantages, gasoline remains the preferred choice in America for personal transport, and is used by
most automobiles and utility trucks. Gasoline is usually much
cheaper per gallon than diesel fuel. Gasoline engines also tend
to be less noisy. These same advantages have allowed gasolinepowered gensets to carve out a section of the portable power
market for themselves.
The oil and fuel industry itself benefits from the use of
gensets. Dresser-Rand is one genset supplier whose products
and services are used for a wide range of applications in the oil
and gas industry, as well as power generation and its associated
technologies (biomass, waste-to-energy, CHP/cogeneration,
marine propulsion, marine auxiliary power generation, and
compressed air energy storage).
A perfect example of the crossover capabilities that allow
them to utilize gensets to service the oil and gas industry
would be Dresser-Rands recent project in the Anzoategui area
of Venezuela. A region noted for its rich deposits of oil and
natural gas, the associated petroleum gas produced during
extraction operations was used as fuel for power generation.
The company provided 150 containerized gensets with Guascor
SFGLD 560 engines, basic engineering, voltage transformers,
MT transfer switches, PLC controls, installation materials, and
equipment for this project over a phased period of time. The
units have been configured to use venting gas that is extracted
Genset technology
continues to improve
along the lines of
ever-greater efficiency,
safety, environmental
protection, and ease
of use.
from nearby oil wells, putting to work what was once a waste
byproduct to generate 112.5 MWe of electrical power.
Genset Technology Advances
Genset technology continues to improve along the lines of
ever-greater efficiency, safety, environmental protection,
and ease of use. Lets begin with the fuel itself. Traditionally,
diesel fuel tended to have high sulfur content. This resulted
in a less clean burn and the production of greater amounts
of post combustion. As a result of EPA mandates published
in 2006, a new kind diesel fuel has been reformulated with
sulfur content as low as 15 parts per million (ppm). This
Ultra-Low-Sulfur-Diesel fuel meets these more stringent
emission standards.
GENSETS
Kraft Power
In addition to improved fuel, the diesel engines powering gensets also have achieved greater fuel efficiencies. Newer
diesel engines have pre-chambers and combustion chambers that have been modified to maximize combustion and
minimize noise. Combustion efficiency is a function of how
small and widely distributed the droplets of fuel are that are
injected into the pre-chamber. By properly sizing and reconfiguring the chamber, the desired physical distribution of
fuel can be achieved.
Not just improved fuels, but alternate fuels are finding
a place in genset operations. A leader in these technological
advances is MTU Onsite Energy who manufactures and services both diesel- and gasoline-powered gensets. MTU is one
of the core brands of Rolls Royce Power Systems AG, a worldwide provider of high-speed and medium-speed diesel and gas
engines, complete drive systems, distributed energy systems,
and fuel injection systems. It provides a wide range of power
systems; mission-critical; standby power; and continuous
power, heating, and cooling. The product line includes diesel
gensets up to 3,250 kW, gas-powered cogeneration systems up
to 2,500 kW, and gas turbines up to 50,000 kW. The company
continues to develop further advances in genset technology by
developing sustainable alternatives, with systems that produce
greener energy from climate-neutral, regenerative fuels, combined heat and power (CHP) plants, biogas, landfill gas, or
sewage gas.
As mentioned above, diesel engines tend to be noisy
(especially at start up), so sound reduction is an issue. To minimize noise, redesigned pre-chambers come lined with sound
attenuation pockets. Like the recessed pits in sound muffling
materials, these pockets are sized and spaced to attenuate
shock waves from the combustion detonation. Additionally,
Genset controls
36 www.BusinessEnergy.net
Improvements in how
the fuel is introduced
into the combustion
chamber are also
areas of technical
advancement.
CAT Dealers has access to a large rental fleet of power generation and temperature control equipment. This equipment
is specifically designed to meet the requirements of commercial, industrial, institutional, and manufacturing applications. The companys gensets range in size 614,040 ekW
(7.517,550 kVA) of power potential. These units are built for
high efficiency, low fuel consumption, and global emissions
compliance (equivalent to US EPA Tier 2 or Tier 3 non-road
emissions standards). There is also a range of options of these
generator sets.
Harco Manufacturing is a leading fabricator of premium
engine exhaust silencers for diesel engines along with a complete line of supporting products. The company produces
the HAPCO line of exhaust silencers, third-party diesel oxidation catalysts, and diesel particulate filter systems, diesel
engine exhaust spark arrestors, and other related emission
control products.
Improvements in how the fuel is introduced into the
combustion chamber are also areas of technical advancement. Common rail fuel injection (CRF) injects fuel stored
in tanks under high pressure into individual solenoid valves.
Since this process is electronically monitored it allows for
greater control over the timing of combustion (with as much
as five separate injections per combustion cycle) and the
quantity of fuel injected with each cycle. The high-pressure
further improves efficacies by homogenizing the air fuel mixture to a much greater extent.
Electronic digital controls have also begun to supplant
traditional analog controls. Analog controls cannot handle
the requirements of critical facilities and their complex
power backup and distribution systems. Analog controls are
applicable for simple or small facilities, but digital is preferred for systems having both non-linear and linear load
requirements. Advanced digital controls also provide feedback, reporting the status of their system components in real
time while displaying this information on computer monitoring screens.
Yet, gensets with traditional analog controls retain a significant portion of the genset market. Taylor Power Systems
Inc. manufactures industrial-sized diesel and natural gas
generators, for a wide range of applications. The generators
range in size from 9 to 2,000 kW. Taylor generators are used by
industrial, commercial, agricultural, and residential customers. In addition to standard models, the company can design,
engineer, and manufacture custom-built generators tailored to
meet specific power needs. The mobile generators range in size
800.394.7571
www.harcomanufacturing.com
GENSETS
Martin Machinery
remote control of
1,000-kW CHP +
these systems from
H2S Scrubber
a central remote
operator (though
some SCADA systems merely monitor
without allowing for
control). The result
is an information
feedback loop where
data from current
operations guides
the control changes
needed to optimize or
modify these operations, which in turn
generates a new data
set describing these
operations, that can
lead to further control changes.
For over 15 years,
OmniMetrix Inc.
(an Acom Energy
Inc. company) has been a leader and
pioneer in wireless remote monitoring,
control, and diagnostics for emergency
power generator systems. The systems
have been proven to make emergency
power systems more reliable. Omnimetrixs innovative technology includes
the introduction in 1998 of the first
wireless remote monitor for onsite
power generation. In 2012, the company joined with Nixon Power Services
(the worlds largest Kohler generator
distributor headquartered in Nashville, TN) to supply one of the largest
regional supermarkets in the US with
backup power supply monitoring capabilities for their generators.
Recent utility grid failures on the
East Coast of the US emphasize the need
(AC) power by means of properly configured electronic circuitry. The resultant AC power can be of the necessary
voltage and frequency required by the
equipment, homes, and businesses utilizing the energy. An inverter generator,
on the other hand, uses advanced electronic circuitry that initially produces
electrical power output that starts as
basic three-phase AC, gets converted to
DC, and then gets inverted back into
single-phase sine wave AC.
Despite, or perhaps because of,
these advances, there remains a strong
showing in the market for traditional
firms that have been supplying gensets
for decades. They have done so by
remaining agile, staying ahead of the
technological curve, and supplying everimproving gensets to their customers.
Take for example Girtz Industries.
Since 1963, Girtz Industries has been
a designer and manufacturer of power
modules and enclosures for gensets,
chillers, boilers, and switchgear for
turnkey power packaging solutions.
Their Z-CUBE ISO containerized
packages house gensets from 400 to
2,250 kW. All packages utilize a similar
mechanical and electrical design resulting in a consistent look and feel for the
operators and service technicians.
Nearly as old, Kraft Power Corporation is celebrating 50 years in the
BE
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EMS
Internet
of Energy
ENABLING GRANULAR, REAL TIME,
ACTIONABLE INFORMATION, AND CONTROL
BY MARK SCOTT LAVIN
iStock/KrulUA
Managing
Our Way to the
says, Lighting has changed more in the last six years than in
the previous 60.
In fact, LED efficiency drove Orions decision to leave the
lighting control business to others. As LED gets more efficient, the return on lighting automation actually gets harder
to sell, says Green. Two-year paybacks in fluorescent days are
Budderfly
Encorp
EMS
EMS dashboard
42 www.BusinessEnergy.net
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