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Sylvestre Demonget
Wireless BG / W-CDMA BD /
Post-Sales Support & Technology Introduction / W-CDMA Network Engineering
April 2nd, 2007
Agenda
Introduction
UMTS Link Budget methodology:
Uplink: Cell Range derivation based on a specific UL dimensioning service
Downlink:
Calculation for each DL service of transmit power necessary to reach cell edge
Comparison with maximum allowed power for this DL service
Agenda
Body
Loss
Max.
Max.Allowable
Allowableair
air
interface
Path
Loss
interface Path Loss
(MAPL)
(MAPL)
Penetration
Loss
Uplink Interference
Margin
Cables
Loss
BTS
Antenna
Gain
Shadowing
Margin
Fast Fading
Margin
( depends on UL service i )
UE Max.
Tx Power
Node-B Sensitivity
Eb
N 0 Target
c2 + d 2
= 10 log 2
2
2
c + d + hs
E-DCH
User Throughput
Ec
n + ec + d + c + hs
= ed ed
2
ned ed
2
N 0 Target
E DPDCHs
E-DPDCHs Ec/N0
8 | HSUPA Link Budget | February 28th, 2007
Ec
N0
Body
Loss
Penetration
Loss
Cables
Loss
Uplink Interference
Margin
BTS
Antenna
Gain
( depends on UL service i )
UE Max.
Tx Power
Shadowing Margin
Node-B Sensitivity
Fast Fading
Margin
Shadowing Margin
Aim: Compensation of Shadowing, i.e. variation in signal strength due to obstacles
modeled by a Log-Normal law, for mobiles close to cell edge.
Value computed so that UL service i can be statistically offered within AR% of cell
area (AR: Area Reliability).
Calculation Method:
1. Assumption on Log-Normal law Stand. Dev. : Shad = Shad Outdoor + Indoor Penetration
2
Body
Loss
Penetration
Loss
Uplink Interference
Margin
Cables
Loss
BTS
Antenna
Gain
Shadowing
Margin
Fast
FastFading
Fading
Margin
Margin
Eb
N 0 Target
(TPC = Off ) UL Eb N
0 Target
(TPC = On )
( depends on UL service i )
UE Max.
Tx Power
Node-B Sensitivity
Body
Loss
Penetration
Loss
Uplink
UplinkInterference
Interference
Margin
Margin
Cables
Loss
BTS
Antenna
Gain
( depends on UL service i )
UE Max.
Tx Power
Node-B Sensitivity
Fast Fading
Margin
Calculation Method: UL Interf . Margin(i ) = Total UL Noise Rise User UL Noise Rise(i )
Total UL Interference
1
=
User Rx Power
BTS Thermal Noise
UL Interf . Margin(i ) dB = Total UL NRdB 10 log[1 + User Rx Power (i ) (Total UL Interf . User Rx P.(i ) )]
(i )
UL Interference Margin(i ) dB = Total UL Noise RisedB 10 log1 + c
N 0 Target
(i )
0 Target
Body
Loss
Max.
Max.Allowable
Allowableair
air
interface
Path
Loss
interface Path Loss
(MAPL)
(MAPL)
Penetration
Loss
Uplink Interference
Margin
Cables
Loss
BTS
Antenna
Gain
Shadowing
Margin
( depends on UL service i )
UE Max.
Tx Power
Node-B Sensitivity
Fast Fading
Margin
Path Loss[dB] = 46 .3 + 33 .9 log( f [ MHz ]) 13.82 log( BTS Ant . Height [ m ]) UE Ant . Height Corr . Factor [ dB ]
+ ( 44.9 6.55 log( BTS Ant . Height [ m ]) log( d [ km ]) + Environmen t Corr . Factor [dB]
Path Loss[dB] = 69.55 + 26 .16 log( f [ MHz ]) 13.82 log( BTS Ant . Height [ m ]) UE Ant . Height Corr . Factor [ dB ]
+ ( 44.9 6.55 log( BTS Ant . Height [ m ]) log( d [ km ]) + Environmen t Corr . Factor [dB]
3 Sectors
[ km 2 ] = 9 3
Cell Range [ km ] 2
TMA Aim: Reduce the impact of Cables Loss in the UL increase Cell Range
Simplified
vision
BTS
Antenna
Gain
Without TMA
Cables Loss
with TMA
Node-B
Sensitivity
Cables Loss
Node-B
Sensitivity
TMA impact
on the UL:
BTS
Antenna
Gain
With TMA
Main Assumptions:
Channel Profile = Pedestrian A 3km/h
HS-DPCCH impact included in UL R99 services Eb/N0
E-TFC chosen according to best Ec/N0 criterion
Penetration Loss = 18dB, Hata Env. Corr. Factor = 0dB, TMA = On
UE Max. Tx Power = 21dBm for all services (conservative)
0.7
DCH 128
E-DCH 128
DCH 384
E-DCH 384
E-DCH 1024
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0
Main Assumptions:
Channel Profile = Pedestrian A 50km/h
HS-DPCCH impact included in UL R99 services Eb/N0
E-TFC chosen according to best Ec/N0 criterion
Penetration Loss=10dB, Hata Env. Corr. Factor = -12dB, TMA = On
UE Max. Tx Power = 21dBm for all services (conservative)
2.3
DCH 128
E-DCH 128
DCH 384
E-DCH 384
E-DCH 1024
2.1
1.9
1.7
1.5
1.3
1.1
0.9
0.7
0
Agenda
Cables Loss
( depends on
DL service j )
Required DL
User Tx Power
DL
DLMax.
Max.Air
Air
Path
Loss
Path Loss
Penetration
Loss
Body Loss
Shadowing
Margin
Fast Fading
Margin
Depends on:
R99: UL R99 dimensioning service i
HSUPA: i or specific E-DCH user throughput at cell edge r
19 | HSUPA Link Budget | February 28th, 2007
DL Max. Total
Path Loss
UE Sensitivity
( depends on DL service j )
Cables Loss
( depends on
DL service j )
Required DL
User Tx Power
DL Max. Air
Path Loss
Penetration
Loss
DL
DLMax.
Max.Total
Total
Path
Loss
Path Loss
Body Loss
Shadowing
Margin
Fast Fading
Margin
UE Sensitivity
Remark: DL Max. Total PL does not take into account any DL interference margin.
Indeed, DL interferences are directly taken into account in
the following formula giving Required DL User Tx Power.
20 | HSUPA Link Budget | February 28th, 2007
( depends on DL service j )
Cables Loss
( depends on
DL service j )
RequiredDL
DL
Required
UserTx
TxPower
Power
User
Penetration
Loss
DL Max. Air
Path Loss
DL Max. Total
Path Loss
Body Loss
Shadowing
Margin
Fast Fading
Margin
UE Sensitivity
( depends on DL service j )
Ii : Intra-cell interference
(before despreading, includes own signal)
Ie : Extra-cell interference
( DL
Req. DL User Tx Power ( j ) =
Ie
+ OF ) PA + UE Th. Noise DL Max. Total PL
Ii cell edge
E
OF + DL c
( j)
N 0 Target
RNC view
Node-B view
Tx Power for each common control channel: set relatively to CPICH Tx Power
CPICH Tx Power : set according to CPICH Ec/I0 Target , Cell Range,
Area Reliability, environment parameters
P. HSUPA : room power reserved for HSUPA DL channels. Constant, tunable.
P. Non HSDPA : transmit power for non-HSDPA traffic, i.e. R99 traffic,
common control channels and HSUPA downlink channels.
Updated within Node-B every 100ms.
DCH Margin: room power for DCH used to prevent fast increase of DCH power
due to Power Control. Proportional to (P. Non HSDPA CPICH Tx Power)
22 | HSUPA Link Budget | February 28th, 2007
E-RGCH not
supported in
UA5.0
Agenda
Pole Capacity:
Maximum theoretical number of active users on the UL supported per cell,
when no limit on UE Max. Tx Power and Max. UL Noise Rise
N Pole (i ) = 1 +
FR
E
AF (i ) UL c
(i ) G SHO
N 0 Target
UL Cell Capacity:
UL Cell Load
#UL services
UL (i )
N Pole (i )
i =1
CP throughput (i )
R (i )
UL (i ) = #UL services
CP throughput (k )
R (i )
k =1
Formula may
account for
some UL
services
defined as
E-DCH with a
specific
throughput r
Asymptotic Capacity:
Maximum theoretical number of active users on the DL supported per cell,
when no limit on BTS Power Amplifier (all using same DL service j)
E
OF + DL c
(i ) G SHO
N 0 Target
1
N Asymp ( j ) =
+
Ie
AF (i )
DL
+ OF
Ii mean
DL Cell Load
# DL services
DL ( j )
N Asymp ( j )
j =1
PA CCC Tx Power
UE Th. Noise DL Mean Total PL
PA +
Ie
DL
+ OF
Ii mean
Distance
Serving Node-B
UE
DL Total
Path Loss
HS-DSCH
Rx Ec/N0
CQI
reported
HSDPA User
Throughput
UE Speed
HSDPA UE
Category
Shadowing at UE
BTS Ant. Diagram
Power Available
for HS-DSCH
Channel
Profile
Serving Cell ( x, y ) = c,
PL( x, y, c) = Min [PL( x, y, c)]
b)
Distance
Serving Node-B
UE
DL Total
Path Loss
HS-DSCH
Rx Ec/N0
CQI
CQI
reported
reported
HSDPA
HSDPAUser
User
Throughput
Throughput
UE Speed
HSDPA UE
Category
Shadowing at UE
Power Available
for HS-DSCH
Channel
Profile
Ec
N0
UE Speed speed
[dB]
3 km/h
50 km/h
120 km/h
# HS-PDSCH(s)
Modulation
Transport
Block Size
# MAC-hs PDU(s)
per TB
RLC Throughput
QPSK
931 b
288 kbps
10
QPSK
1262 b
432 kbps
CQI
15.5
14.3
13.3
Derived assuming
BLER 1Tx=10%
Distance
Serving Node-B
UE
Shadowing at UE
BTS Ant. Diagram
UL Total
Path Loss
Max. UL
Noise Rise
(totalRotMax)
E-DCH
Rx Ec/N0
UL Noise Rise
Available for
user
E-TFC
E-DCH User
Throughput
Channel
Profile
HSDPA UE
Category
UE Speed
totalRotMa x
UL Noise Rise other users
E-DCH
User Throughput
E-DPDCHs Ec/N0
Cell Range
dimensioned
on E-DCH 128
Cell
Range:
+20%
Main Assumptions:
Shared carrier R99/HSUPA
Channel Profile = Pedestrian A 3km/h
1300
No R99 UL traffic
R99 UL Cell Load = 50% * Max. UL Cell Load
1200
1100
1000
900
700
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Presentation Summary
UMTS Link Budget methodology:
Uplink: Cell Range derivation based on specific UL dimensioning service
Downlink:
Calculation for each DL service of required power necessary to reach cell edge
Comparison with maximum allowed power for this DL service
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