Physical channels and signals - recap

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Overview - Channels
Upper Layers
DL

UL

RLC
DCCH

DTCH

CCCH

MTCH

MCCH

DTCH

DCCH

CCCH

PCCH

BCCH

Logical channels

MAC
UL-SCH

RACH

MCH

DL-SCH

PCH

BCH

Transport channels

PHY
PUSCH

PUCCH

PRACH

LTE Radio Parameters / v001 / Document Number

PMCH

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PDCCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDSCH

PBCH

Air interface

Downlink Physical Signals and Channels

Downlink Physical Signals
Reference Signals
Synchronisation Signals
Downlink Physical Channels
Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)
Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)
Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)
Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH)
Physical Hybrid-ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH)
Physical Multicast Channel (PMCH)

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Overview Control Information

CQI, PMI, RI,
ACK/NACK

CQI, PMI, RI,

ACK/NACK
SR

eNode B

DL control
configuration
1x per cell
RNTI
DL scheduling
UL Grant
UL PWRC
n x per cell
HARQ Info

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Resource Block
Physical Resource Block or Resource Block (PRB or RB):
12 subcarriers in frequency domain (180kHz) x 1 slot period in time domain
(0.5ms)
Capacity allocation is based on Resource
Subcarrier 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Blocks
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

180 KHz

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Note: Although 3GPP definition of RB

refers to 0.5ms, in some cases it is
possible to found that RB refers to 12
subcarriers in frequency domain and 1ms
in time domain. In particular, since the
scheduler in the eNodeB works on TTI
basis (1ms) RBs are considered to last
1ms in time domain. They can also be
known as scheduling resource blocks

Subcarrier 12 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 slot

1 slot

1 ms subframe
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Resource
Element

Physical Layer Downlink Summary

DL-Channel
DLOverview

Frequency

Central 72 subcarriers (6 RBs)

Total System Bandwidth e.g. 10MHz (50 RBs)

DL-Physical Data & Control Channel

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Reference Signals: OFDMA Channel Estimation

Channel estimation in LTE is based on reference signals (like CPICH functionality
in WCDMA)
Reference signals position in time domain is fixed (0 and 4 for Type 1 Frame)
whereas in frequency domain it depends on the Cell ID
In case more than one antenna is used (e.g. MIMO) the Resource elements
allocated to reference signals on one antenna are DTX on the other antennas
Reference signals are modulated to identify the cell to which they belong.
symbols

symbols

subcarriers

subcarriers

Antenna 1
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Antenna 2

Synchronization Signals allocation (DL)

Synchronization signals:
Transmitted during the 1st and 11th slots
within a radio frame

Occupy the central 62 Subcarriers (around

the DC subcarrier) to facilitate the cell
search

5 Subcarriers above and 5 Subcarriers

below the synch. Signals are reserved and
transmitted as DTx

Synchronisation Signal can indicate 504

(168 x 3) CellID different values and from
those one can determine the location of
cell specific reference symbols
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Generic - Physical Layer Cell Id

Physical Layer Cell Identity defines a cell, but it is not necessarily unique in the network
It consists of the two parts; Physical layer Cell Identity Group and Physical layer Identity
Physical Layer Cell Identity = 3 x Physical layer Cell Identity Group + Physical layer Identity
Decoded during synchronisation using primary and secondary sync signal
PSS/SSS are used for:
Initial cell search and neighbor cell search
As a result of cell search the UE should acquire:
PHY cell ID
Strongest Signal
DL center frequency
10ms and 5ms timing
CP length
Duplex mode (TDD/FDD)
Cell ID Group 0
(3 L1 ids)

168 Cell ID
groups

Cell ID Group i
(3 L1 ids)

Primary
Synchronization Signal

L1 id, slot (0/10)

Secondary
Synchronisation Signal
Group 167
Phy L Cell ID
Physical Layer
Cell ID, Frame
Alignment
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DL Physical Channels Allocation

PBCH:
Occupies the central 72 subcarriers across 4
symbols
Transmitted during second slot of each 10 ms
frame on all antennas
PCFICH:
Transmitted during the first symbol of each TTI
Occupies up to 16 RE per TTI
PHICH:
Tx during 1st symbol of each TTI or alternativ during
symbols 1 to 3 of each TTI PhichDur
Each PHCIH group occupies 12 RE

PDCCH:
Occupies the REs not used by PCFICH and PHICH
and Reference Signals within the first 1, 2 or 3
symbols of each TTI (case 1.4 MHz: within the first 2,
3 or 4 symbols)
In RL09/10: configuration static by
MaxNbrOfOFDMSymsForPDCCH
PDSCH:
Is allocated the RE not used by signals or other
physical channels
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RB

UL Physical Channels
PUSCH: Physical Uplink Shared Channel
Intended for user data (carries traffic for multiple
UEs) and control data
If control data is to be sent when traffic data is being
transmitted, UE multiplexes both streams together

PUCCH: Physical Uplink Control Channel

Carries H-ARQ Ack/Nack indications, uplink

CCCH

DCCH

DTCH

Logical
RLC

Transport

RACH

scheduling request, CQIs and MIMO feedback

Only control information is sent. The UE uses
Resources Element at the edges of the channel

UL-SCH

MAC

PHYS.

PRACH: Physical Random Access Channel

For Random Access attempts. PDCCH indicates the
resource elements for PRACH use
PBCH contains a list of allowed preambles (64 per
cell) and the required length of the preamble.

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PRACH

PUSCH

PUCCH

UL Channels
The mapping of transport channels and UL control information (UCI) to physical
channels is a task of the physical layer (PHY). Furthermore reference signals are
provided by the physical layer which do not transfer any higher layer information.
Logical channel mapping is provided by the MAC layer.
Physical channel for data and signalling from higher layers:
Physical Uplink Shared Channel, PUSCH.
Physical Random Access Channel, PRACH.
Physical channels with UL control - related signalling:
Physical Uplink Control Channel, PUCCH.
and signals with no information of higher layers:
Demodulation Reference Signals (DRS).
Sounding Reference Signal (SRS).

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UE Channel state information (CSI) feedback types in LTE

The purpose of CSI feedback is to provide

the eNodeB information about DL channel

state to help in the scheduling decision.
Compared to the WCDMA/HSPA, the main
new feature in the channel feedback is the
frequency selectivity of the report
CSI is measured by the UE and signaled to
the eNodeB using PUCCH or PUSCH
Channel state information in LTE can be
divided into three categories:
CQI - Channel Quality Indicator
(2) UE CSI
measurement
RI - Rank Indicator
PMI - Precoding Matrix Indicator
In general the CSI reported by the UE is just a
recommendation
The eNodeB does not need to follow it
The corresponding procedure for providing
information about the UL channel state is
called Channel Sounding and it is done using
the Sounding Reference Symbols, SRS (not
considered in this presentation)

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(1) eNodeB
transmission

(3) UE
feedback

PDCCH Uplink Grant

The eNodeB allocates the Uplink resources to the UEs by sending an UL
Grant
UL Grant contents
Resource Block assignment
Indicates the PRB the UE may use for transmission
Signaling format: index of starting PRB & number of contiguous PRBs
Modulation and Coding Scheme and the Redundancy version (5 bits)
Power control command (2 bits)

Cyclic Shift for the demodulation reference symbols

CQI request flag
PUSCH Hopping flag
New data indicator
TDD specific
UL index (indicates which UL subframe the grant refers to)
Downlink assignment index

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