21 Feb 13 Webcast

EW Testing: Capture, Measurement, and
Emulation
Presented by: Walt Schulte, Agilent Technologies
2013 Agilent Technologies
Problem
Jamming is a response to an identified radar signal
Jamming techniques take time to work
You must therefore capture and analyze an entire jamming event

2
Measurement Challenges: Dynamic PRI

Signal Source: PRI increasing from 50 us to 100 us in 100 pulses
Signal Analyzer: RBW < .3 x min PRF
1.
Single sweep, delta marker:

PRF = 12.750 kHz
2.
Single sweep, delta marker:

PRF = 17 kHz
Measurement Challenges: Dynamic PRI
Limited analysis time
Scalar only: no doppler/phase

Painful automation

4
Measurement Challenges: Dynamic Doppler
Sweep times too slow relative to rate of doppler change

Display shows a swept spectrum over entire sweep time

5
Solution
Capture the Event
PXA
Measure the Event
89600
VSA
Solution: Test Setup
DUT
(Jammer)
Agilent X-Series
Analyzer
Digitize
Record
Caution: Max. input

power +30 dBm (1 Watt)
LAN
Computer
w/Agilent 89600
VSA
Analyze

7
Alternative Setup
DUT
(Jammer)
Agilent X-Series
Analyzer running
VSA internally
Digitize
Record
Analyze
Caution: Max. input

power +30 dBm (1 Watt)

8
Agenda
Transmitter Test
Capture
Measurement
Receiver Test
Emulation

9
Capture: Span/Record Length
PXA Capture Length vs. Span
Capture Length (sec)
1000
100
10
1
1
10
100
1000
Measurement Span (MHz)
fs 1.28 x Span
10
Capture: Span
1.
BW .35 / tr
-or-
BW chirp dev
2.
3.
fs 5xBW
.35/30ns ~ 12 MHz
5 x 12 MHz = 60 MHz
span fs / 1.28
60 MHz/1.28 = 46 MHz
46 MHz ~ 50 MHz
11
Capture: Triggering on the First Pulse

Multiple options available
Most flexible is IF Mag
Use negative trigger delay
89600 VSA
Capture: Recording the Signal

13
Capture: Recording Length

14
Capture: Recording the Signal

Record
89600 VSA

15
Agenda
Transmitter Test
Capture
Measurement
Receiver Test
Emulation

16
Measurement: J/S, PRI

17
Power
Velocity Technique Measurement
Dopp

18
Measurement: Frequency Resolution

19
Signal Processing So Far

Gated FFT
Sample period of
15.625 ns
Correspondingly, a 64
MSa/s sample rate
5 us gate time. N = 5 us / 15.625 ns/Sa ~ 300 samples
We get much better

frequency resolution
through zero padding
300 samples padded out to 406,601 FFT points
Frequency Resolution
fs
f
N
64 MHz / 409,601 ~ 150 Hz

21
Measurement: Gated Spectrum
tN 1, fc 10GHz
tN , fc 4.822kHz

22
Using the VSA to Process Doppler
Carrier Frequency: 10 GHz

6000
5000
Doppler (Hz)
4000
3000
2000
1000
-1000
10
15
20
25
Pulse Number
30
35
40

23
More Helpful Measurements: OBW
5 us PW, gated FFT of 900 MHz chirp

24
More Helpful Measurements: Band Power
Band Power Marker: Based on the OBW, how much jamming power is in-band?

25
More Helpful Measurements: Spectrogram

26

27

28
Deep-Memory Record / Playback
High Fidelity Signal

Acquisition and
Generation
Continuous Capture
and Playback
Modern
Equipment
Signal Recorders Extend Time
minutes
hours
days
Record and Playback 100% of Long Duration RF Signals

(No Gaps)
29
Turning Data into Information

RF Environment
Raw
Data
Info
X-Series + IQC
Record 100% of Signal Content

(minutes, hours, days)
Spectro-X
Identify Signals
of Potential Interest
CPG + VSG
Replay
Interesting
Portions
89601B
Stare at spectrum for

extended periods of time
Operate on very large data sets
Recreate with high signal fidelity
Analyze/
Leverage investment in existing signal
Demod analysis tools using open-format data files
Take Appropriate Action

30
Agenda
Transmitter Test
Capture
Measurement
Receiver Test
Emulation

31
W H Y S I M U L AT E R A D A R
FOR
E W T EST?
EW Test Challenges
You need some way of determining whether the
jammer will respond to emitters known to be in a
particular theater
Captured enemy radars are relatively rare
Test ranges exist, but its expensive to fly and difficult
to schedule
Flight testing occurs much later in the design process
Simulation Benefits
Cost effective
Sufficient realism
Time-efficient
Test much earlier in the process
Page 32
What Radar Parameters Should Be

Simulated?
Antenna Properties
Pulse Parameters
Pulse Repetition Interval
Power Levels
A N T E N N A P AT T E R N
PROPERTIES AND DEFINITIONS
Bore-Sight Maximum gain of the

antennas main lobe or beam pointing at the
target.
Bearing Angle - The bearing angle of the

target can be determined by moving the
antenna beam to the maximum return.
Beam width Power points in the main
lobe measured in angular width AZ/EL
degrees.
Side Lobe Level - the level of energy on
the side lobes relative to the main lobe or
beam
Back Lobe the energy emitting in the
opposite direction of the main beam.
Page 34
EXAMPLE 1
CIRCULAR ANTENNA SCAN
Circular Scan
Scan Rate RPM
(Elevation)
Degrees
i ve r
Rece ocation
ntal L
o
z
i
r
Ho
X
Reciever
Vertical
Location
+90
+270
+180
(Azimuth) - Degrees
Page 35
EXAMPLE 2
CONICAL ANTENNA SCAN
Feed horn nutating in a small circular orbit
Page 36
EXAMPLE 3
Page 37
BIDIRECTIONAL RASTER ANTENNA SCAN
Amplitude seen by the jammer due to scan
N7620B Signal Studio for pulse building

38
Pulse Repetition Interval

Choice of PRI
Crucial for range or doppler
measurement
Helps reduce
mainlobe/sidelobe clutter
Helps eliminate ground moving
targets
Reduces range/doppler
ambiguities, blind zones and
blind speeds
Aids in power management

Helps reduce POI
Mode switching
EW systems use radar PRI for identification
PRI Switching
A
B
PW
A
Range
Ru
1
fr
Pulse Parameters
Pulse width: affects average power for a given peak power,
affects time-bandwidth product and range resolution
Rise Time/Fall Time: affected by analog BW of the radar

Modulation-on-pulse: chosen for range resolution desired
Jitter: may be intentional to eliminate blind speeds or clutter,
may be due to thermal fluctuations or system impairments from
power supplies
SCENARIO
D ATA B A S E
Intelligence
Database
Spreadsheet
IMPORTING
&
EXPORTING
Simulation at RF (emulation)
Scenario Name
Source Parameters
Pulse Envelope properties tr, tf, PW
Pulse Width Patterns
PRI Patterns
Modulation on Pulse Properties Chirp, Barker, FSK, etc
Antenna Scanning Type
Antenna Radiation Type
Antenna Beam Width AZ, El
Antenna Null Depth
Receiver Location
Page 42
Agilent N7620B Signal Studio

For Pulse Building Software
Features
flexible GUI
Complex pulse/PRI patterns/antenna scans
wideband modulation on pulse
corrected test signals
.csv importing
COM API

43
Summary
Transmitter Test
Capture
Measurement
Receiver Test
Emulation

44
Summary
More information can be found on our website:
www.agilent.com/find/pxa
PXA Signal Analyzer
www.agilent.com/find/psg
PSG Signal Generator
www.agilent.com/find/vsa
89600 VSA Software
www.agilent.com/find/n7620b
Signal Studio for Pulse Building
www.agilent.com/find/n6171b
MATLAB
www.agilent.com/find/xcom
X-com systems
The application note entitled Making Wideband Measurements (59909108EN) is found here:
http://cp.literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5990-9108EN.pdf
VSA trial licenses available!
http://www.home.agilent.com/agilent/download.jspx?cc=US&lc=eng&nid=33713.958604&pageMode=DL

45

21 Feb 13 Webcast

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

21 Feb 13 Webcast

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

EW Testing: Capture, Measurement, and

2013 Agilent Technologies

2013 Agilent Technologies

Measurement Challenges: Dynamic PRI

Single sweep, delta marker:

Single sweep, delta marker:

2013 Agilent Technologies

Measurement Challenges: Dynamic PRI

Limited analysis time

Scalar only: no doppler/phase

2013 Agilent Technologies

Measurement Challenges: Dynamic Doppler

Sweep times too slow relative to rate of doppler change

2013 Agilent Technologies

Measure the Event

2013 Agilent Technologies

Solution: Test Setup

Caution: Max. input

2013 Agilent Technologies

Caution: Max. input

2013 Agilent Technologies

2013 Agilent Technologies

Capture: Span/Record Length

PXA Capture Length vs. Span

Capture Length (sec)

Measurement Span (MHz)

Capture: Triggering on the First Pulse

Capture: Recording the Signal

2013 Agilent Technologies

Capture: Recording Length

2013 Agilent Technologies

Capture: Recording the Signal

2013 Agilent Technologies

2013 Agilent Technologies

Measurement: J/S, PRI

2013 Agilent Technologies

Velocity Technique Measurement

2013 Agilent Technologies

Measurement: Frequency Resolution

2013 Agilent Technologies

Signal Processing So Far

5 us gate time. N = 5 us / 15.625 ns/Sa ~ 300 samples

We get much better

300 samples padded out to 406,601 FFT points

2013 Agilent Technologies

64 MHz / 409,601 ~ 150 Hz

2013 Agilent Technologies

Measurement: Gated Spectrum

2013 Agilent Technologies

Using the VSA to Process Doppler

Carrier Frequency: 10 GHz

2013 Agilent Technologies

More Helpful Measurements: OBW

5 us PW, gated FFT of 900 MHz chirp

2013 Agilent Technologies

More Helpful Measurements: Band Power

2013 Agilent Technologies

More Helpful Measurements: Spectrogram

2013 Agilent Technologies

More Helpful Measurements: Spectrogram

2013 Agilent Technologies

More Helpful Measurements: Spectrogram

2013 Agilent Technologies

Deep-Memory Record / Playback