Professional Documents
Culture Documents
r (b) use a graphic calculator to investigate the relationships betlveen the graphs of
.y: (r). :
1 a f(x.) and t:
f(ar), where d is a constant, and
express the transformalions involved in lerms of sfreaches;
ln r errcn llnclion l{ r}. I (ay t b) me.rns r eplg9t11g ' wirh ar- i'
c10 1
B. Single Transformafion oI Graphs
Consider y = f(-r) =;er. Using the GC, sketch the lbllowing graphs:
(i) r=f(x)
(ii) y:f(:r) + 2 andy=f(x) 2
(iii) y=f(:r + 2) and.l'=f(r 2)
(i") y:f(-;r) andy= f(;)
Compare each oflhe above, what do you notice?
L Translation
Translating a cu e in the direction of an axis is to move the curve io th€ direction of the axis
without chansine its shape or size.
1.1 TranslationinJr-direction
A
-7*, Log onto hltp: \\ \ w.anal) /cm,rlh.convven icalShifl Vcd icalshi tl.hl ml
The function to be analyzed is ofthe form g(:r) = f(r) + d where f(;) is any ofthe functions:
f0,): L{ 2l ( a "W" shapod graph)
fft)=v'.
How does the addition ofa constant to a function (ie f(;r) + d) affect the gaph ofthis flmction?
Ans:'
c10 2
Example l:
The diagram shows the gaph ofy : of/: f(jt)
5
f(.)r). Sketch, on the diagram, the graph
t
Solution:
B
Fo* L hllp: www .rnal1 uem,rlh.com Horr,,onlal Shi H.html
og onto:
The function to be anallzed is ofthe fom g(:r): f(r+ d) where f(*) is any ofthe functions:
How does setting tho constant to negative and positive values affect the graph?
Ans:
(D
(iD
crl:) 3
Examplc 2:
The diagmDl shows the graph ofy : f(r). Sketoh, on the same diagjam, the graph of / = f(jr 5).
Solution:
2. Stretch
How does the multiplication ofa function by a positive constant affect the graph of this imction?
Ans:
Given a graph ofy : f(x) and a e lR, the graph ofy is a strctch of the graph
oll = l(.rJ wilh scale factor a along they-axis. {mulliply d 1o ally-coordinales}.
2.2 Stretchalong.r-axis
A
.F* httpv'rv**.-ulyzemath.com,/honzonlalscaling,4lori/onlalscaling.html
The functions to be explored are ofthe form f(a*;) where {x) is any ofthe functions:
ctO 4
How does the muitiplication ofthe independent variable r ofa function by a positive constant a
affect the gaph ofthe functjon?
Ans:
The graph ofj is a st.etch of the graph of y : fb) with scale factor l along
Example 3:
The graph ofy = (r) is as shown.
./: f(r)
Skeich, on sepa.ate diagrams, the graphs of
(i)r : f(2tr)
E(2,0)
(ii) / = f(1") D(l, 1)
Solution:
c10 5
3. Reflection
EI
.Fn*' http: www. slu.ed u classes/mayrk-/A pplels SliderCrdph.hlml
The graph below shows the function f(x) = ;gr 1 * , -
"
Observe how the graph changes for f(-;).
Draw the graph ofeach on the same diagran provided.
3.2
a Reflection in i:-axis
(a) The graph of .1 is a reflection ofthe graph of/ : f(r) in the r-axis-
(b) The graph ofl is a reflection.of the graph of7 = f(:r) in the y-axis.
c10 6
Example 4:
The graph of y = f(;)is
given as shown.
Sketch, on a separate diagram, the graph ol
(i) 1 - f(-;r)
(ii) Y= f(:r)
Solution:
c. Transformation of Asymptotes
ExamDle 5:
The graph ofy: f(x) is as shown.
Sketch sepamtely, the graphs of
(i) r= fOr)
(ii) y= 2f(x)
c10-7
Sp!.c!4!,
(i) y = f(;r) (ii)y: -2f(x)
Example 6:
The graph ofy = f(x) undergoes in succession, the following three hansfomations:
Solution:
To express f(r) in terms of*, we will 'work backwards' liom g(r) but in the reverse transformation:
C'
B'
Ans: t(r.) =
2(2 - r)
C'. A strelch parallel to thc.:r-axis (with y-axis invariant) with a scale factot of 'l
Replaccr in g(;) with 2'lc )
B': A rellection about thcJl-axjs (no change in the reverse)
clo 9
Example ll:
The diagram shows the gaph of l, = f().). On separate diagrams, sketch the graphs of
_y
: f (2-r 1) showing clearly in each case the axial intercepts, the as),rnptotes and fhe coordinates of
the point cor€sponding to ,4 and B.
(Adapted from C/C P,"omo 2007)
Solution:
Step 1: Identify the points and as)4nptotes: y=2,( 1,0),(3,0),A(0, 3),B(1, 4)
As)4nptote
Y=2
( r, 0)
(3,0)
A(0, -3)
80, 4)
ct0 t0
Method 2: l, = f(2jr -1)
Aslrnptote
!=2
( 1, 0)
(3, 0)
A(0, 3)
B0, -4)
Final Answer:
clo- 11
Solution:
Step l: Identify the points and as)4nptotes: A(2,0), B(4, O) , O(0,0)
Method l:
?
f (3 - 2x) = f( 2(-t-;))
Steps 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4:
Identify all
points
A(2, 0)
B(-4, 0)
o(0, 0)
Method 2:
f (3 - 2x) = f (-)1 1'31
A(2, 0)
B(-4, 0)
o(0, 0)
Final Answer:
cto 12
Example l0:
Thc diagran shows the graph of-! = l(-r + I). 'fhe curve passes through the points,.,l (-3,0),,a (0,3),
C (1. 0) and D (7, 0). Thc point, (4, -l) is a minimum point and the lines r =
2 auld '}) 3 arc :
asynptotes lo the curv".
u
1J (0,l)
D (7, O)
Sketch, on separate clearly labelled diagrarns, the graphs of .y: f(jr).(Adapted lrom -LlC Proru) 2007)
Solution:
To skctch l'(-r) to f(-r+ l), the trarsfo.'Dations rcquired are:
Thus, in order to obtain f(r) lion1 f(-r+ l), the transfomation requircd are in reve$e order:
A(-3, 0)
B(0, 3)
c(r, 0)
D(7, 0)
E (4, i)
x: 2
v:3
clo 13
r=fG)
r'(5, 3)
cto 14