SUBSEA PIPELINE DESIGN CRITERIA

OPERATION CONDITION
Calculate by: Faridah Zahra
15510049

1. Description
This file provides detail calculation for designing subsea pipeline that includes:
Wall thickness selection;

On-bottom stability analysis; and

Free-span analysis

Detail calculation here only provides for operation condition, while calculation on other condition has been provided in other file.

2. Design Basis
2.1 Pipeline Design Parameter.
Corrosion coating thickness

tcorr := 4mm

Outer diameter

Ds := 24in = 609.6 mm

2.2 Material Properties

3

Steel density

s := 490pcf = 7.849 10 kg m

Corrosion coating density

corr := 80pcf

Concrete coat density

cc := 190pcf = 3.044 10 kg m

Modulus elasticity

E := 207000MPa = 3.002 10 psi

Coefficient of thermal expansion

:= 11.7 10

Structural damping

:= 0.126

Poisson ratio

:= 0.3

Pipeline material

API5L_Gr_X := 52

6 1

SMYS :=

290MPa if API5L_Gr_X = 42
317MPa if API5L_Gr_X = 46
359MPa if API5L_Gr_X = 52
386MPa if API5L_Gr_X = 56
414MPa if API5L_Gr_X = 60
448MPa if API5L_Gr_X = 65
483MPa if API5L_Gr_X = 70

SMYS = 3.59 10 Pa

SMTS :=

414MPa if API5L_Gr_X = 42

SMTS = 4.55 10 Pa

434MPa if API5L_Gr_X = 46
455MPa if API5L_Gr_X = 52
490MPa if API5L_Gr_X = 56
517MPa if API5L_Gr_X = 60
531MPa if API5L_Gr_X = 65
565MPa if API5L_Gr_X = 70
Manufacturing process

Seamless = 1
UO; TRB; ERW = 2
UOE = 0.85

PF := 1

2.4 Environmental Parameter

PC := 3

Pipeline condition

Installation = 1
Hydrotest = 2
Operation = 3

Highest astronomical tide

HAT := 0.53m

Lowest astronomical tide

LAT := 0.61m

Water depth

dmax := 22.708m + HAT

dmax = 23.238 m

dmin := 14.935m + HAT

dmin = 15.465 m

5 2

Kinematic viscosity of seawater

v := 1.076 10

ft sec

Seawater density

sw := 64pcf = 1.025 10 kg m

( Gravity)

g = 9.807 m s

Current at 90% water depth

Ur :=

0.45m s
0.48m s

Significant wave height

Hs :=

1
1

if PC = 1 PC = 2

Ur = 0.48

Ts :=

if PC = 3

1.8m if PC = 1 PC = 2

Hs = 3.6 m

3.6m if PC = 3
Significant Wave period

6.3s if PC = 1 PC = 2
8.3s if PC = 3

Ts = 8.3 s

2.5 Pipeline Operational Data

3

cont :=

Content density

0kg m

if PC = 1
3

1025kg m

if PC = 2

57.522pcf if PC = 3
P o :=

Design pressure

0psi if PC = 1
1350psi if PC = 3
1.5 1350psi if PC = 2

Design temperature

Td := 140F

Seabed temperature

Tsw := 23 C

Corrosion allowance

Ca := 2.54mm

External pressure

P e.max := sw g dmax

P e.max = 2.336 10 Pa

P e.min := sw g dmin

P e.min = 1.555 10 Pa

Axial pressure

F a := 0N

Bending stress

M := 72% SMYS

M = 258.48 MPa

2.6 Soil Parameter

Soil type

1 = sand
2 = clay

soil := 2
3

Medium density of sand

sand := 1860kg m

Medium density of clay

clay := 326.309kg m

Medium density of soil

soil :=

sand if soil = 1
clay if soil = 2

Undrained shear stress

S u := 2kPa

soil = 326.309

kg
3

2.8 Design Factor

Internal pressure factor design
ASME B31.4

F 1 := 0.72

API RP 1111

fd := 0.72

Weld joint factor

ASME B31.8

Ee := 1

API RP 1111

fe := 1

Temperature derating factor

ASME B31.8

T := 1

API RP 1111

ft := 1

Collapse factor
ASME B31.8
API RP 1111

f0 := 0.7

Ovalitas
DNV OS F101

fo := 0.005

Propagation buckling design factor

ASME B31.8
API RP 1111

fp := 0.8

Local buckling factor

DNV 1981
Longitudinal stress usage factor

xp := 0.72

Hoop stress usage factor

yp := 0.92

Material resistance factor

m := 1.15

Incidental factor

inc := 1.05

3. Wall Thickness Selection

3.1 Internal Pressure Collapse Criteria
3.1.1 Internal Pressure Contaiment ASME B31.8 Design Criteria
tint.ipc.ASME := 11mm

Initial wall thickness

( Po Pe.max)

Hoop stress

y :=

Internal pressure contaiment criteria

IPC_ASME_Criteria :=

2 tint.ipc.ASME

Ds

y = 2.514 10 Pa

"accepted" if y F1 SMYS
"not accepted" otherwise

IPC_ASME_Criteria = "accepted"
Safety factor

SFipc.ASME :=

F1 SMYS
y

SFipc.ASME = 1.028

3.1.2 Internal Pressure Contaiment API RP 1111 Design Criteria

Initial steel wall thickness on hydrotest condition
Initial steel wall thickness

tint.ipc.API := tint.ipc.API.h + Ca

tint.ipc.API.h := 16mm
tint.ipc.API = 18.54 mm

3.2 External Pressure Collapse

External pressure (Pe) on hydrotest condition is smaller than internal pressure (Pi), hence wall thickness selection
calculation on external pressure collapse criteria isn't done in this condition.

3.3 Local Buckling Criteria

External pressure (Pe) on hydrotest condition is smaller than internal pressure (Pi), hence wall thickness selection
calculation on local buckling criteria isn't done in this condition.

3.4 Propagation Buckling Criteria

External pressure (Pe) on hydrotest condition is smaller than internal pressure (Pi), hence wall thickness selection
calculation on API RP 1111 propagation buckling criteria isn't done in this condition.

3.5 Selected Wall Thickness

This following t.int.ins is selected wall thickness from hydrotest condition.
The final selected wall thickness is obtain from comparing this initial wall thickness eith other initial wall thicness
from installation and operation condition.
tint.op := max tint.ipc.ASME , tint.ipc.API

tint.ins := 9mm

(Obtained from installation condition calculation)

tint.hyd := 17mm

(Obtained from hydrotest condition calculation)

tint.op := 18.54mm

Selected wall thickness from calculation

tcalc := max tint.ins , tint.hyd , tint.op

Selected wall thickness

Pipe OD 6.625" WT 0.75"

tcalc = 0.73 in
ts := 0.75in

4. On Bottom Stability Analysis

4.1 Vertical Stability
4.1.1 Pipe Weight Calculation
Initial concrete coating thickness

tint.cc := 0mm

Internal diameter

ID := Ds 2 ts Ca

ID = 576.58 mm

Corrosion coating diameter

Dcorr := Ds + 2 tcorr

Dcorr = 617.6 mm

Total outer diameter

Dtot := Ds + 2 tcorr + 2 tint.cc

Dtot = 617.6 mm

Steel pipe mass / length

2
2
mst := Ds ID s

kg
mst = 241.454
m

Corrosion coating mass / length

2
2
mcorr := Dcorr Ds corr

kg
mcorr = 9.881
m

Concrete coat mass / length

2
2
mcc := Dtot Dcorr cc

kg
mcc = 0
m

Content mass / length

2
mcont := ID cont
4

kg
mcont = 240.582
m

Added mass;
Dicplaced water; Buoyancy / length

B :=

4 tot sw

B = 307.118

Total pipe mass / length

mtot := mst + mcorr + mcc + mcont B

kg
m

kg
mtot = 184.8
m
Total pipe weight / length

3 N
Wtot = 1.812 10
m

Wtot := mtot g

4.1.2 Vertical Stability Calculation

Vertical stability

VS :=

( mtot + B)

VS = 1.602

B
Vertical_Stability :=

"accepted" if VS > 1.1

"not accepted; enlarge concrete coating thickness" if VS 1.1

Vertical_Stability = "accepted"

4.2 Lateral Stability

4.2.1 Hydrodynamics Parameter Calculation
4.2.1.1 Wave-Induced Particle Velocity
Spectral peak period

Tp := 1.05 Ts

Periode
referensi

Tn :=

Peakedness
parameter

:=

Tp = 8.715 s

dmin

Tn = 1.256 s

g
Tp
Hs

:=

= 4.593

0.5

5 if 3.6

sec

= 3.3

m
1 if 5

sec
m

3.3 otherwise

Figure 4.1 Significant water velocity, Us * (DNV RP E305)

Water particle velocity

(Wave induced)

Tn

= 0.144

Tp
Us :=

0.31 H s
Tn

Us = 0.889

m
s

4.2.1.2 Zero-Up Crossing Period

Figure 4.2 Zero-up crossing period, Tu (DNV RP E305)

Zero-up crossing period

Tu := 0.95 Tp

Tu = 8.279 s

4.2.1.3 Average Velocity on Pipeline

Velocity on 90% depth

Ur = 0.48

m
s

The amount of current passing through the pipe is affected by the type of seabed soil in which the pipe is laid.
In terms of the soil is clay soil, the soil roughness is negligible, so in this case U D = Ur
UD := Ur

UD = 0.48

m
s

4.2.1.4 Hydrodynamics coefficient

Reynold's number

( UD + Us)

Re :=

v
Wave - current velocity ratio

M :=

Dtot

Re = 8.456 10

UD

M = 0.54

Us
Drag coefficient

CD :=

1.2 if Re < 5 10

CD = 0.7

1.3 if 5 10 < Re < 1 10

Re 105

1.53

if 1 10 < Re < 2.5 10

0.7 otherwise

Lift coefficient

CL :=

1.5 if Re < 5 10
4

CL = 0.7
5

1 if 5 10 < Re < 1 10

Re 105

1.2

if 1 10 < Re < 2.5 10

0.7 otherwise

Inertia coefficient

CM :=

2 if Re < 2.5 10

Re 105

2.5

1.5 otherwise

CM = 1.5
5

if 2.5 10 < Re < 5 10

4.2.2 Seabed Soil Factor

Figure 4.4 Recommended friction factors for clay (DNV RP E305)

ratio :=
Soil friction
factor

Dtot Su

ratio = 0.682

mtot g

:= 1.3

4.2.3 Hydrodynamics Force

Wave particle acceleration

Us
As := 2
Tu

Lift force

fL.( ) :=

1 sw
2

D tot CL Us cos( ) + UD
2 g

Drag force

fD.( ) :=

1 sw
2

Dtot CD Us cos( ) + UD
2 g

Inertia force

m
As = 0.674
2
s

fI.( ) :=

Dtot
4

sw
g

CM As sin( )

4.2.4 Lateral Stability Calculation

4.2.4.1 Calibration Factor

Figure 4.3 Calibration factor, Fw, as function of K and M (DNV RP E305)

Keulegan-Carpenter number
Calibration factor

K :=

Us Tu

K = 11.913

Dtot
F w := 1.15

4.2.4.2 Lateral Stability Check

phase angle range

i := 0 .. 180
i := i deg

Required submerged weight

ms.( ) :=

( fD.( ) + fI.( ) ) + fL.( )

Fw

mreq.( ) := max ms.( )

mreq.( ) = 89.618
SFw :=

LATERAL STABILITY

LS :=

kg
m

mtot
mreq.( )

SFw = 2.062

"accepted" if SFw 1
"not accepted, enlarge concrete coating thickness" if SFw < 1

LS = "accepted"

5. Free Span Analysis

5.1 Static Analysis
Static span length

Lfr.st := 60m

Total pipe weight / length

3 N
Wtot = 1.812 10
m

Drag force

F D = 415.131

F I = 310.696

F I := max fI.( ) g

Inertia force
Support type

F D := max fD.( ) g

1 = pinned - pinned
2 = fixed - pinned
3 = fixed - fixed

( End condition constant )

N
m

N
m

support := 1

Cfr.st :=

Cfr.st = 8

8 if support = 1
10 if support = 2
12 if support = 3

Distributed pipe weight

Wd :=

Area moment of inertia

I :=

Section modulus

Z :=

Longitudinal stress

Wtot + F D + F I

D 4 ID4

64 s

I = 1.354 10

Z = 4.441 10

Ds

2

l :=

3 N
Wd = 1.885 10
m

Wd Lfr.st

2
8

l = 1.91 10 Pa

Cfr.st Z

y = 2.514 10 Pa

Hoop stress
Equivalent stress

e :=

Allowable stress

allow :=

l + y

e = 3.158 10 Pa

( 0.72 SMYS) if PC = 1
( 0.9 SMYS ) if PC = 2 PC = 3
8

allow = 3.231 10 Pa

Static span criteria

static_span_criteria :=

"Static span length accepted" if e < allow

"Minimize static span length" otherwise

static_span_criteria = "Static span length accepted"

Safety factor

SFfr.st :=

allow
e

( SFfr.st) = 1.023

5.2 Dynamic Analysis

5.2.1 Critical Span Length
5.2.1.1 Stability Parameter
Effective mass

meff := mst + mcorr + mcc + mcont + B

kg
meff = 799.036
m

Stability parameter

Ks :=

2 meff
sw Dtot

Ks = 0.515

5.2.1.2 Reduced Velocity

Figure 5.1 Reduced velocity for cross-flow oscillations based on the reynolds number.

Figure 5.2 Reduced velocity for inline oscillations based on the stability parameter
5

Reynold's number

Re = 8.456 10

Reduced velocity for cross-flow

oscillation

Vr.cf := 5.9

Reduced velocity for inline oscillation

Vr.in := 1.4

5.2.1.3 Critical Span Length

2

Cfr.dy :=

End condition constant

Cfr.dy = 9.87

if support = 1

15.5 if support = 2
22 if support = 3

Critical span length for cross-flow

motion

Lfr.dy.cf :=

Critical span length for inline motion

Lfr.dy.in :=

Critical span selected for dynamic

analysis criteria

Cfr.dy Vr.cf Dtot

2 U s + U r

Cfr.dy V r.in Dtot

2 Us + U r

E I

Lfr.dy.cf = 49.764 m

meff

E I

Lfr.dy.in = 24.241 m

meff

Lfr.dy := min Lfr.dy.cf , Lfr.dy.in

Lfr.dy = 24.241 m

5.2.2 Dynamic Stress

5.2.2.1 Vortex Shedding Frequency

Figure 5.3 Strouhal's number for circular cylinder as function of Reynold's number
5

Re = 8.456 10

Reynold's number
Strouhal's number
Vortex shedding frequency

fv :=

S t Us + Ur

S t := 0.2

fv = 0.443

D tot

1
s

5.2.2.2 Pipeline Natural Frequency

Pipeline natural frequency

Pipe frequency criteria

fn :=

Cfr.dy
2

E I

4
meff Lfr.dy

pipe_frequency_check :=

0.5

fn = 1.583

1
s

"pipeline critical span accepted" if fv 0.7fn

"redesign pipe" otherwise

pipe_frequency_check = "pipeline critical span accepted"

DEFINITION

pcf :=

lb
3

ft
year
C
:= :=
K 31536000sec