Table of Contents

Computer device........................................................................................................................................1
Operating System ......................................................................................................................................1
Examples of Operating Syestem.......................................................................................................2
Motherboard...............................................................................................................................................3

Computer device
Device

Example

Input devices

Mouse, keyboard, joystick, scanner,

microphone

Output devices

Monitor, printer, plotter

Storage devices

Pen drive, hard disk, diskette, CD-RW

Communication devices

Modem, hub, router

Operating System
An operating system (OS) is software that manages computer
hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. The
operating system is an essential component of the system software in a computer
system. Application programs usually require an operating system to function.
Time-sharing operating systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the system and may also
include accounting software for cost allocation of processor time, mass storage, printing, and
other resources.
For hardware functions such as input and output and memory allocation, the operating
system acts as an intermediary between programs and the computer hardware,[1]
[2] although the application code is usually executed directly by the hardware and frequently
makes system calls to an OS function or be interrupted by it. Operating systems are found on
many devices that contain a computerfrom cellular phones and video game consoles to web
servers and supercomputers.
Examples of popular modern operating systems include Android, BlackBerry 10, BSD,
OS, iOS, Linux, OS X,QNX, Microsoft Windows,[3]

Illustration 1: Operating
System

Examples of Operating Syestem

1. Microsoft Windows
2. Mac OS X
3. Ubuntu

Motherboard1

In personal computers, a motherboard is the central printed circuit board (PCB) in many modern
computers and holds many of the crucial components of the system, while providing connectors
for other peripherals. The motherboard is sometimes alternatively known as the mainboard,
system board, or, on Apple computers, the logic board.[1] It is also sometimes casually shortened
to mobo.[2]

Illustration 2: motherboard

1 device attached to a host computer, but not part of it, and is more or less
dependent on the host. It expands the host's capabilities, but does not form part
of the core computer architecture.

CPU
A central processing unit (CPU) is the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries
out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logical, control
and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions. The term has been used in the
computer industry at least since the early 1960s.[1] Traditionally, the term "CPU" refers to a
processor, more specifically to its processing unit and control unit (CU), distinguishing these
core elements of a computer from external components such as main memory and I/O
circuitry.[2]
The form, design and implementation of CPUs have changed over the course of their history,
but their fundamental operation remains almost unchanged. Principal components of a CPU
include the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) that performs arithmetic and logic
operations, processor registers that supply operands to the ALU and store the results of ALU
operations, and a control unit that fetches instructions from memory and "executes" them by
directing the coordinated operations of the ALU, registers and other components.
Most modern CPUs are microprocessors, meaning they are contained on a single integrated
circuit (IC) chip. An IC that contains a CPU may also contain memory, peripheral interfaces,
and other components of a computer; such integrated devices are variously
called microcontrollers or systems on a chip (SoC). Some computers employ a multi-core
processor, which is a single chip containing two or more CPUs called "cores"; in that context,
single chips are sometimes referred to as "sockets".[3] Array processors or vector
processors have multiple processors that operate in parallel, with no unit considered central.

Illustration 3: An Intel 80486DX2

CPU, as seen from above
Illustration 4: An Intel
80486DX2 CPU, as seen from
above

[Ridzwan]

Bibliography
raizzam: james , computer, 2015

Alphabetical Index
CD-RW.......................................................................................................................................................1
operating system........................................................................................................................................1
plotter ........................................................................................................................................................1
software......................................................................................................................................................1