Exile in DAPITAN

(1892-1896)

I. Before the Exile

A. Arrival in Manila
June 26, 1892

Arrival in Manila with Lucia on board the steamer Don Juan

Registered at Oriente Hotel Binondo (Best Hotel In Manila)
Rizal went to Malacanan to have an interview with Governor Despujol, who
granted liberty of his father but not of his brother and brothers in law.

B. Founding The La Liga Filipina

July 3, 1892
I. Founders:

Apolinario Mabani, Andres Bonifacio, Ambrosio Salvador, Timoteo Paez,

Serrano Laktaw, Deodato Arellano
in the home of Doroteo Ongjunco, Ilaya Street, Tondo Manila.

II. Officers
President: Ambrosio Salvador
Fiscal: Agustin dela Rosa
Treasurer: Bonifacio Arellano
Secretary: Deodato Arellano
III. Constitution
1. To unite the whole archipelago into one compact and homogenous body.
2. Mutual protection in every want and necessity.
3. Defense against all violence and injustice.
4. Encouragement of instruction, agriculture and commerce.

5. Study and application of reforms.

II. Deportation to Dapitan

A. Beginning of Exile
July 17, 1892- Arrested and deported to Dapitan, without any benefit of trial.

Governor General provide handbills found in Lucia's pillows.

Pobres Fralles "Poor Friars" -satire/parody against Dominicans.
Rizal was accused of having written such an anti-friar article, He was places
immediately under arrest to Fort Santiago by Governor Despujol.
Graceta de Manila (newspaper) reported a decree to deport Rizal.

Reasons:
1. He published books which showed disloyalty to Spain.
2. Pobres Frailes which was published was against the customs of religious orders.
3. His novel El Fili was dedicated to Gomburza and on the title page he wrote the vices
and errors of Spanish administration and his claim that the only salvation is the separation
from mother country.
4. The end which he pursues his efforts us to tear from the loyal Filipino breasts the
treasures of the Holy Catholic Faith.

July 15, 1892-steamer Cebu left Manila

July 17, 1892- steamer reached Dapitan
o Captain Delgas (ship skipper) handed over Rizal to Captain Ricardo Carnicero,
the politico Military Governor of Dapitan.
o letter from Father Pablo Pastells to Father Obach

Pastells- Superior of the Jesuit Society in the Philippines when Rizal is exiled in Dapitan
Rizal's former teacher at Ateneo Municipal
Obach- Jesuit parish priest of Dapitan.

Conditions:
1. That Rizal publicly retracts his errors concerning religions, an make statements that
were clearly pro-spanish and against revolution.
2. That he perform church rites and make a general confession of his last life.
3. That henceforth he conduct himself in an exemplary manner as Spanish subject and a
man of religion.
*Rizal did not agree.

Capitan Ricardo Carnicero

o where Rizal lived
o Charmed by Rizal's fine qualities.
o Came to know that Rizal was nit a common felon, much less filibusters.
o gave Rizal's complete freedom and gave good grades to Gov. Despujol
o Rizal also admired by the captain, He wrote a poem " A Dom Ricardo Carnicero"
August 20, 1892. On the captains occasion of the captain's birthday.
o He was even dismissed from his post Dapitan because of his close relations with
Rizal.
o May 17, 1892 - His guard Juan Sitges replace him as Comandate Politico Military of Carnicero's House, Dapitan.

B. Rizal wins in the Manila Lottery.

-Rizal never drank hard liquor and never smoked, but he was a lottery addict, this was his
only vice.
-September 21, 1982- the mall boat Butuan arrived.
Lottery ticker No. 9736 won.
Owned by Capitan Carnicero, Dr. Jose Rizal and Francisco
Equillor (from Dipolog)
Prize of Php 20, 000 from government owned Manila Lottery.

Rizal's share : Php 6200

o Php 2000 to his father
o Php 200 to his friend Basa in Hong Kong
o Rest was used in purchasing lands in Talisay\

III. Disputes and Acquaintances

A. Debate with Pastells

Started when Pastells sent Rizal a boom by Sarda, with advice that Rizal, should desist
from his majaderas (foolishness) in viewing religion from the prism of individual
judgement and self-esteem .
Rizal revealed his anti-catholic ideas- "Religions may vary, but they all to the light."
Pastellls tried his best to win back Rizal to the fold of catholicism. He pointed out Divine
faith and refuted Rizal's attack on catholic dogmas.
Inspite of debates, they remind goodfriends. Pastells gave Rizal a copy of the Imitacion
de Cristo, a book of Father Thomas Kempis.
Rizal continued to be Catholic. He continued to hear mass at the Catholic Church in
Dapitan and Celebrated Christmas and other religious fiestas.

B. Duel with Lardet

Mr. Juan Lardet- a business and a French acquaintances of Rizal.

Expressed disgust with business deal with Rizal.
Because of sensitivity, Rizal flared up in anger and confronted Lardet to a duel.
Lardet apologized decisively because he was advised by Carnicero, knowing Rizal's skill
on Martial Arts and fencing.

C. Rizal and Father Sanchez

Father Francisco de Paula Sanchez

Rizals' favorite teacher in Ateneo
Only spanish priest to defend Noli Me Tangere in public.
Assigned to Dapitan to bring back Rizal within the Catholic fold.
He failed to persuade to discard unorthodox views on catholic religion.
He assisted Rizal in beautifying Dapitan.
On his birthday, Rizal gave him a gift, Estudios sobre la lengua tagal - a tagalog grammar
which Rizal wrote and which he dedicated to his teacher.

D. Encounter with French Spy

Pablo Mercado- a spy assumed as a relative, secretly visited Rizal.real name was
Florencio

Namanan - a native of Cagayan de Misamis. He was hired by the recollect friars to a

secret mission in Dapitan, - To spy Rizal's activity , flinch some letter.
espionage plot by the friars.

IV. Idyllic and peaceful life in Dapitan

A. As a physician

It was in June 1884 when he successfully removed the cataract of his Mother. It was third
time. First two was in Calamba and HongKong. Dona Teodora ignored her son's
instruction , removed the bandage from her eyes thereby causing infection.
Poor patients were given free medicines.
Some rich patients paid him for surgical skills.
Because of his ophthalmic prowess his mother eyesight was restored.
He became interested with local medicine and the use of medicinal plants and used them
for prescriptions.

B. As an engineer

As an expert surveyor (perito agrimensor) from Ateneo, even if there were inadequate
tools, materials and limited finances, he constructed a good water system without any aid
from the government. For this he was praised by American Engineer HF Cameron.
A dam was also constructed with stones, bricks, and sand with his 14 students.
He supplemented his training as a surveyor by reading books of engineer.

C. Community projects for Dapitan

Drained the marches in order to get rid of the infested Dapitan.

The Php500 which an English patient paid him was used him to equip the down with its
lightning system.
Beautification of Dapitan and Remodeling of the Town Plaza.
Made a huge relief map of Mindanao in front of the church out of earth, stones, and grass.

D. As a teacher

Established a school (1893-1896) for the boys.

16 pupils did not pay any tuition instead, he made them work in his fields and garden
construction process.

Taught his boys, reading, writing, languages (Spanish and English), geography, history,
math ( arithmetic and geometry), industrial work, nature study, morals and gymnastics. he
trained them to collect specimens of plants and animals and to "behave like men"
Formal classes 2:00-4:00P!
Best pupil was called "emperor" -just like in Ateneo
During recess, pupils built fires to drive away insects, pruned fruits trees and manured
soil.
Outside class hours, Rizal encouraged the, to play games in order to strengthen their
bodies

E. As a scientist

Built up a rich collection of conchology - 346 shells representing 203 species

Discovered animal species:
Draco rizali- flying dragon
Apogonia rizali - small beetle
Rachopirus rizali - rare frog
Specimens were sent to Dresde Museum with scientific books and surgical instruments as
payment

F. As a linguist

Continued his studies of languages - Bisayan (cebuan), subunum, and malay languages.
Made a comparative study of the bisayan and malayan languages.
He knew 22 languages (tagalog, iloko, bisaya, subanun, Spanish, Latin, Greek, English,
French, German, Arabic Malayan, Hebrew, Sanskrit, Dutch, Catalan, Italian, Chinese,
Japanese Portuguese, Swedish and Russian.

G. As an artist

help sister of Charity in preparation for the Holy Virgin Sanctuary. (Procured form
abroad)
drew species that he discovered.
statuette the species that he discovered.
other works
Bust of Father Guerrico ( one of the Ateneo professors)
The Dapitan Girl
Bust of St. Paul
Backdrop behind the church of altar that shows the spirit of Holy Week.

-Rizal obtained the help of 2 assistants - Sister Agustina Mentoya ( a

Filipina mum from Cavite who could paint) and Franchisco Almirol ( a
native of Dapitan)

H. As a farmer
-

bought 16 hectares of land in Talisay and acquired more,

reaching upto 70 heavtres of different crops.
Introduced modern methods of agriculture which is observes in Europe and America.
Encouraged Dapitan farmers to discard their primitive system if tillage and adopt the
modern agricultural methods.
imported machineries from America
Dreamed of establishing agricultural colony in the Sitio Ponot near Sindangan bay but
didn't materialize because government didn't offer any support.

I.As a businessman

in partnership with Ramon Carreon, he had business ventures in fishing, lime, copra, and
Hemp industries (most profitable)
improved fishing industry
Introduced modern day hemp stripping machines improving the hemp industry.
organized Cooperative Association of Dapitan Farmers on January 1, 1895 - to break
Chinese Monopoly
Manuel Hidalgo requested for Jose Rizal to look for 2 Calamba Fishermen who are
willing to engage in fishing industry.
Rizal also joined a contract with a spaniard to supply fish in Dapitan.

J. As an inventor

invented the "sulpukan" - a cigarette lighter made of wood. The mechanism was based on
the principle of compressed air.
invented a machine for making bricks - 600 bricks per day.

K. As a writer

A Don Ricardo Carnicero - a poem written by Rizal as a gift to captain Carnicero on his
birthday
Estudio Sobre De Lengua - February 1983, to father Sanchez
El Consejo de los Dioces (April 30 1895)
Mi Retiro ( sends her mother a copy on October 22, 1895)

My Retreat
a beautiful poem about his serene life as an exile in Dapitan
Acclaimed by literary critics as one of the best ever panned by Rizal.
Himno A Talisay
hymn to the Talisay Tree
Rizal constructed his school at his home in Talisay, Near Dapitan. His favorite
rendezvous with his boys was under the a Talisay Tree, after the placed was
named. In honor of the tree, he wrote a poem for his pupils to sing,
o La curacion de hechizados
o
o
o
o
o
o

V. Affair with Josephine Bracken

August 28, 1983 death of Leonora Rivera left poignant to Rizal's heart.
Josephine Bracken, Irish Girl, 18
Mother died in childbirth and was adopted bg George Taufer, who later became blind.
Seek service to Rizal since no HongKong specialist could cure Taufer's blindness
Rizal and Josephine fell in love with each other at first site. After a whirlwind romance of
one month, they agreed to marry but Fr. Obach refused to marry them.
When Taufer heard they projected marriage, he flared upon with rage. The blindman went
away uncured. His blindness was incurable.
Taufer returned to HongKong stayed in Manila and returned in Dapitan
Rizal and Josephine happily married as a man and wife as they married themselves before
the eyes of God.
Death of Rizal's son
Because he played a prank with her, Josephine gave birth prematurely to
an 8-month old baby boy who live 3-Hours
Was names "FRANCISCO" in honor of Don Francisco and was buried in
Dapitan.

VI. Rizal and Katipunan

Katipunan - founded: July 7, 1892

Pio Valenzuela visited Rizal in July 1, 1896, was named emissary to Dapitan to inform
the plans of Katipunan.
Rizal objected Bonifacio's audicious project to Plunge the country in bloody revolution.
Disapproved other Katipunan's plan to rescue him because he didn't want to break his
word of honor and authorities.

Reasons:

People are not ready for revolution.

Arms and funds must first be collected before raising the cry of revolution,

VII. Volunteers as Military In Cuba

Because of shortage of Physicians in Cuba, Blumentritt advised him to volunteer as army

physician.
With approval of malacanan thru Gov. Blanco he was again free.

VIII. Adios, Dapitan

He embarked on board the steamer Espana accompanied by Josephine, Narcisa and

Angelica (Narcisa's Daughter)
'Funeral March" by Chopin was played.
People of Dapitan bid him goodbye.
July 31, 1896, - end of exile after 4 Years, 13days and few hours.

RESCUE ATTEMPTS
( from the book Popularizing Rizal in Briefs edited by Edgar Valencia Rosero
- Rizal was unaware that since his departure in Manila Bay on his way to Spain, Blanco and the
ministers of Way and the colonies were exchanging coded telegrams and confidential messages
for his arrest upon Barcelona. He travelled as deportee and was being secretly kept under
surveillance.
1. Doctor Pio Valenzuela in Dapitan
2. Manila Bay with Emilio Aguinaldo and other Compatriots

August 1896: Rizal was granted by Blanco of his request as a volunteer physician in the
government hospitals of Cuba.
Rizal sailed from Dapitan to Manila; upon reaching Manila, Jacinto who was disguised in
Chinese costume as a merchant told him that he would kidnapped from his enemies and
ascertain him that they have the necessary force to do it.

3. Rizal with Don Pedro while on board of Barcelona

Roxas urged Rizal to secretly step ashore at Singapore.

Roxas was aware of the revolution that out broke the Philippines and the possible
implication of Rizal.

4. Don Manuel Camus

Knew about Roxas' and Rizals' trip and was aware that the two would be arrested before
arriving Spain, endeavored his best to convince then to stay in Singapore and not to
proceed to Spain.
Rizal rejected the proposal and gave to Camus his letters for his friends and families.

5. While Rizal was in Barcelona back to Manila

Don Antonio Maria Regidor of London with Sixto Lopez, Judge Camus and others plan
to rescue him by issuing out a writ of Habeas Corpus and so snatching him from the
Spanish Authority.
WHC was rejected, this case was lost.
_____________________________________________
Rizal refused to take advantage of the chances of saving his life.
-It was unworthy for him to since he was Innocent and he believed that Justice would
triumph.
-Escape would create impression of his guilt.
-He does not want to break his promise.
-He was a man of verity, honesty, loved who died from duties and principles.