1.

MID-YEAR EXAMINATION 2013

SMK MERBAU
FORM 4 CHEMISTRY

Name:
Class:
Time: 2 hours 30 minutes
Paper 2/ Kertas 2
1. Diagram 1.1 shows the heating curve of solid naphthalene, C 10H8.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan lengkung pemanasan pepejal naftalena, C 10H8.

Temperature
/ 0C

T1

T0

A
Time / s

0
Diagram 1.1/
Rajah 1.1
(a)

(i)

Name the process involved in this experiment.

Namakan proses yang terlibat dalam eksperimen ini.
____________________________________________________________________________

(ii)

[1 mark]

State the type of particle present in naphthalene, C 10H8.

Nyatakan jenis zarah yang terdapat dalam naftalena, C 10H8 .
_____________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(b)

Explain why there is no change in temperature from B to C

Terangkan mengapa tiada perubahan suhu dari B ke C

[1 mark]
(c)

State how the movement of naphthalene particles changes from C to D during heating.
Nyatakan bagaimana pergerakan zarah-zarah naftalena berubah semasa pemanasan dari C ke D.
_________________________________________________________________________________

(d)

Diagram 1.2 shows the atomic model proposed by Neils Bohr.

Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan model atom yang dicadangkan oleh Neils Bohr.

[1 mark]

X
Y

i)

Name X and Y.
Namakan X dan Y.

Diagram 1.2
Rajah 1.2

X : _____________________________

Y : _______________________

[2 mark]

ii)

Which subatomic particles are involved in a chemical reaction?

Zarah-zarah sub-atom yang manakah terlibat dalam tindak balas kimia?
____________________________________________________________________________

(e)

[1 mark]

Table 1 shows the number of protons and neutrons of four different atoms.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan bilangan proton dan neutron bagi empat atom yang berlainan.

Atom

Number of protons
Bilangan proton

Number of neutrons
Bilangan neutron

16

17

16

16

19

20
Table 1
Jadual 1

i)

Which atoms are isotopes?

Atom-atom yang manakah adalah isotop?
_______________________________________________________________________.

ii)

[1 mark]

Give a reason for your answer in (e) (i).

Berikan satu sebab bagi jawapan anda di (e) (i).

[2 marks]
2. Diagram 2 below shows the structure of atom P.
Rajah 2 di bawah menunjukkan struktur bagi atom P.

Diagram 2/ Rajah 2
(a) Name
Namakan
(i) the particle R.
zarah R.
_______________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]
(ii) the particle S .
zarah S.
_______________________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]

(b) State the type of charge on each type of particle present in atom P.
Nyatakan jenis cas pada setiap zarah yang hadir dalam atom P.
___________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]
(c) If the atomic mass of atom P is 7, how many particles of R are there in the nucleus?
Jika jisim atom P ialah 7, berapakah bilangan zarah R di dalam nukleus?
__________________________________________________________________________________ _ [1 mark]
(d) (i) In which group of the periodic table will you place atom P?
Di dalam kumpulan yang manakah anda akan letakkan atom P?
________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]
(ii) In which period of the periodic table will you place atom P?
Di dalam kala yang manakah anda akan letakkan atom P?
________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]
(e) Write the electronic arrangement of atom P.
Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom P.
___________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]
(f) Identify atom P.
Kenalpasti atom P.
___________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]
(g) (i) Predict the electrical conductivity of element P.
Ramalkan kekonduksian elektrik bagi unsur atom P.
________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]
(ii) Explain your answer to g(i).
Terangkan jawapan anda pada g(i).
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

2.

3. Diagram 3 shows 3.1 g of copper(II) carbonate being heated strongly in a test tube. The gas given out is passed
into limewater in a test tube through a delivery tube.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan 3.1 g kuprum(II) karbonat dipanaskan dengan kuat dalam satu tabung uji. Gas yang
diberikan dilalukan kepada air kapur dalam tabung uji melalui satu tiub penyambung.

Diagram 3/Rajah3
[Relative atomic mass: Cu, 64; O, 16; C, 12. Molar volume: 24 dm 3 mol-1 at room conditions]
[Jisim atom relatif: Cu, 64; O, 16; C, 12;. Isipadu molar: 24 dm3 mol-1 pada keadaan bilik]
(a)Give two observations that occur when copper(II) carbonate powder is heated until the reaction is complete.
Berikan dua pemerhatian yang berlaku apabila serbuk kuprum(II) karbonat dipanaskan sehingga tindak balas itu
lengkap.
_________________________________________________________________________________ [2 marks]
(b)Name the products.
Namakan hasil itu.
__________________________________________________________________________________[2 marks]
(c) Write a chemical equation to represent the reaction that takes place.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia untuk mewakili tindak balas yang berlaku.
__________________________________________________________________________________[1 mark]
(d)alculate the number of moles of copper(II) carbonate decomposed by heat.
Hitungkan bilangan mol kuprum(II) karbonat yang diuraikan oleh haba?

[1 mark ]
(e)Calculate the mass of the residue.
Hitungkan jisim sisa lebihan dalam eksperimen ini.

[2 marks]

(f) Calculate the volume of the gas released.

Hitungkan isipadu gas yang dibebaskan.

[2 marks ]
4. Diagram 4 below shows the apparatus set up in an experiment to determine the empirical formula of
magnesium oxide.
Rajah 4 di bawah menunjukkan set alat radas dalam satu eksperimen untuk menentukan formula empirik bagi
magnesium oksida.

Diagram 4/Rajah4
(a) (i) What do empirical formula and molecular formula mean?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan formula empirik dan formula molekul?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

[2 marks]

(ii) Write the formula which is used in the calculation of the number of moles of the elements in magnesium oxide.
Tuliskan persamaan yang diperlukan di dalam pengiraan bilangan mol di dalam magnesium oksida.

[2 marks]
(iii) When carrying out the experiment shown above, why is it neccessary to lift the crucible lid once in a while?
Semasa menjalankan eksperimen di atas, kenapa penutup perlu dibuka dari masa ke semasa?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(b) The information below shows the results of an experiment to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide.
Maklumat di bawah menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen untuk menentukan formula empirik bagi magnesium oksida.

Based on the results shown above, determine the values of the following:
Berdasarkan keputusan dalam rajah, tentukan nilai bagi yang berikut:
(i) Mass of magnesium used: ____________________________________________________________ g
Jisim magnesium yang digunakan

[1 mark]

(ii) Mass of oxygen that has combined with the magnesium ____________________________________ g
Jisim oksigen yang bergabung dengan magnesium

[1 mark]

(iii)Number of moles of magnesium ______________________________________________________ g

Bilangan mol magnesium

[1 mark]

(iv)Number of moles of oxygen _________________________________________________________ g

Bilangan mol oksigen

[1 mark]

5. (a) Table 2.1 below shows the proton number of three elements, X, Y and Z. The letters used do not represent the
actual symbols of the elements.
Jadual 2.1 di bawah menunjukkan nombor proton bagi tiga unsur, X, Y dan Z. Huruf yang digunakan tidak mewakili
simbol sebenar unsur-unsur tersebut.

Table 2.1
Jadual 2.1
(i) Write the election arrangement of:
Tulis susunan elektron bagi:
______________________________________________________________________[1 mark]
Atom Y
Atom Y:
The ion of
atom Z
Ion bagi
atom Z:

______________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(ii) Write the formula of the compound formed between elements Y and Z.
Tulis formula bagi sebatian yang terbentuk antara unsur Y dan Z.
_________________________________________________________________________________[1 mark ]

(iii) Element X reacts with element Z to form a covalent compound with a formula XZ 4.
State two physical properties of this covalent compound.
Unsur X bertindak balas dengan unsur Z untuk membentuk satu sebatian kovalen dengan formula XZ4.
Nyatakan dua sifat fizikal bagi sebatian kovalen ini.
1. _______________________________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________________[2 marks ]
(iv) Draw the electron arrangement of the compound XZ 4.
Lukis susunan elektron bagi sebatian XZ4.

[2 marks]
(b) Table 2.2 below shows some physical properties of two compounds, U and V.
Jadual 2.2 di bawah menunjukkan beberapa sifat fizikal bagi dua sebatian, U dan V.

Table 2.2/ Jadual 2.2

(i) State the physical state of the following compounds at room temperature.
Nyatakan keadaan fi zikal bagi sebatian berikut pada suhu bilik.
U :_______________________________________________________________________________
V: _______________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks ]
(ii) State the type of compound for U.
Nyatakan jenis sebatian bagi U.
__________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
6. Diagram below shows the elements in the Periodic Tables of Elements.
(a) Classify the elements into
(i) Alkaline metal
__________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(ii) Alkaline earth metal
__________________________________________________________________________________
[ 1 mark]
(iii)Halogen
__________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(iv)Noble gases
__________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b) Which element has the largest number of protons?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c) Write the electron arrangement of the atom of elements P and Q.
(i)
P:________________________________________________________________________________

(ii)

Q: _______________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(d) Which element is not chemically reactive?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e) (i) Write chemical equation for the reaction between S and Q.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(iii)
Draw the electron arrangement of the compound formed.

[2 marks]
7. Diagram below shows a group of elements.
(a) In which group of the periodic table are these elements placed.
(b) Write the electron arrangement for the sodium atom.
(c) The sodium atom is smaller than the potassium atom.
(i) Explain why the potassium atom forms a positive ions more easily than the sodium atom.
(ii) Explain why potassium is more reactive than sodium.
(d) Sodium reacts with chlorine to form a compound.
(i) State the type of chemical bond in this compound.
(ii) Explain how this bond is formed.
Diagram 5 shows the valence electrons arrangement of two elements, P and Q.
Rajah 5 menunjukkan susunan elektron valens bagi dua unsur, P dan Q.

Diagram 5/Rajah 5
(a) Element Q does not exist in nature as an element.
Unsur Q tidak wujud dalam keadaan semula jadi sebagai satu unsur.
i. Give the molecular formula of the compound of element Q that exists in nature.
Berikan formula molekul bagi sebatian unsur Q yang wujud dalam keadaan semula jadi.
_________________________________________________________________________________[1 mark ]

ii. State the type of bonding present in this compound.

Nyatakan jenis ikatan yang hadir di dalam sebatian ini.
_________________________________________________________________________________[1 mark ]
iii. Give two physical properties of this molecule.
Berikan dua sifat - sifat fizikal bagi molekul ini.
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________[2 marks]
(b) Element P combines with element Q to form a compound.
Unsur P bergabung dengan unsur Q untuk membentuk satu sebatian.
i. State the type of bonding in the compound.
Nyatakan jenis ikatan bagi sebatian itu.
_________________________________________________________________________________[1 mark ]
ii. Write the formula of the compound.
Tuliskan formula bagi sebatian itu.
_________________________________________________________________________________[1 mark ]
iii. Write the chemical equation for the formation of the compound.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi pembentukan sebatian itu.
_________________________________________________________________________________[2 marks]

iv. Draw an electronic structure diagram to show the valence electrons of the compound.
Lukiskan rajah struktur elektron untuk menunjukkan elektron valens bagi sebatian itu.

[2 marks ]

Section B
Bahagian B
[20 marks]
[20 markah]
Answer any one question from this section.
Jawab mana-mana satu soalan daripada bahagian ini.

7. (a).Table 3 shows some information for chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

Jadual 3 menunjukkan beberapa maklumat bagi klorin, bromin and iodin.
Element/ Unsur
Nucleon number/
Number of neutrons per
Electron arrangement of the
Nombor nukleon
atom/
atom/
Bilangan neutron per atom
Susunan electron bagi atom
Chlorine/ Klorin
Bromine/ Bromin
Iodine/ Iodin
i.

35
127

18
45
Table 3/ Jadual 3

2.8.18.7
2.8.18.18.7

Fill in the blanks./ Isi tempat kosong.

Electron arrangement of a chlorine atom is _______________________.
Susunan electron bagi satu atom klorin ialah ______________________.
Nucleon numerb of bromine is __________________________.
Nombor nukleon bagi bromin ialah ______________________.
Number of neutrons in an iodine atom is______________________.
Bilangan neutron dalam satu atom iodine ialah_________________.

[3 marks ]

ii.

Chlorine, bromine, and iodine exhibit similar chemical properties but differ in their reactivities. Arrange
these three elements in descending order of their reactivities. Explain the difference in their reactivities.
Klorin, bromin, dan iodin menunjukkan sifat-sifat kimia yang serupa tetapi berbeza dari segi
kereaktifannya. Susun kereaktifan ketiga-tiga unsur ini mengikut tertib menurun. Terangkan perbezaan
dalam kereaktifannya.
[6 marks ]

iii.

Astatine is placed below iodine in the same group of the Periodic Table. Predict two physical properties
and two chemical properties for astatine.
Astatin berada di bawah iodin dalam kumpulan yang sama dalam Jadual Berkala. Ramalkan dua sifat fizik
dan dua sifat kimia bagi astatin.
[6 marks ]

(b). A small piece of sodium was placed on the surface of water in a basin.
Sekeping natrium bersaiz kecil diletakkan di atas permukaan air di dalam sebuah besen.
i.
Write the chemical equation for the reaction occurred in the basin.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas berlaku dalam besen itu.
ii.

[2 marks ]

Calculate the volume of hydrogen gas liberated at room temperature and pressure if 0.092 g of
sodium
was reacted.
[Relative atomic mass: Na=23; molar volume of a gas= 24 dm3mol-1 at room temperature and pressure]
Hitung isi padu gas hidrogen yang terbebas pada suhu dan tekanan bilik jika 0.092 g natrium telah
bertindak balas.
[Jisim atom relatif: Na=23; isi padu molar suatu gas= 24 dm3mol-1 pada suhu dan tekanan bilik]
[3 marks ]

8. Diagram 7 shows parts of the Periodic Table of elements.

Rajah 7 menunjukkan sebahagian unsur dalam Jadual Berkala.
1

13

Mg

Al

14
C

(a)

15

16

17

18

O
Cl

Diagram 7
Rajah 7
Write the electron arrangements for the ions formed from aluminium atom and oxygen atom.
Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi ion yang terbentuk daripada atom aluminium dan atom oksigen.
[2 marks]

(b)

By drawing the electron arrangement of compounds formed, describe how

Dengan melukis susunan elektron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk, huraikan bagaimana
(i)
Ionic bond formed between magnesium atom and chlorine atom.

(ii)
(c)

Ikatan ionik terbentuk di antara atom magnesium dengan atom klorin.

[5 marks]

Covalent bond formed between carbon atom and chlorine atom.

Ikatan kovalen terbentuk di antara atom karbon dengan atom klorin.

[5 marks]

Explain why
Terangkan kenapa
(i)
Compound formed in (b)(i) can conduct electricity in the molten state while compound formed in
(b)(ii) cannot conduct electricity in any states.
Sebatian yang terbentuk dalam (b)(i) boleh mengkonduksikan elektrik dalam keadaan leburan
manakala sebatian yang terbentuk dalam (b)(ii) tidak dapat mengkonduksikan elektrik dalam
semua keadaan.
[4 marks]
(ii)

The melting and boiling points for compound in (b)(i) is higher than compound in (b)(ii).
Takat lebur dan takat didih bagi sebatian dalam (b)(i) lebih tinggi daripada sebatian dalam (b)(ii).
[4 marks]
Section C
Bahagian C
[20 marks]
[20 markah]

Answer any one question from this section.

Jawab mana-mana satu soalan daripada bahagian ini.
9

(a)

By using suitable example, explain what are meant by empirical formula and molecular formula.
Dengan menggunakan contoh yang sesuai, terangkan apa yang dimaksudkan dengan formula empirik dan
formula molekul.
[3 marks]

(b)

The information below is for compound Q

Maklumat berikut adalah bagi sebatian Q.

Carbon
Karbon
Hydrogen
Hidrogen
Oxygen
Oksigen
Relative molecular mass
Jisim molekul relatif

40.00%
6.66%
53.33%
180

Based on the information of compound Q, determine:

Berdasarkan maklumat bagi sebatian Q, tentukan:

(c)

(i)

The empirical formula

Formula empiriknya

(ii)

The molecular formula

Formula molekulnya
[ Relative atomic mass: C,12; H,1; O,16]
[ Jisim atom relatif: C,12; H,1; O,16]

[ 8 marks]

Diagram 8 shows the set-up of apparatus to determine the empirical formula of two different compounds.
Rajah 8 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi menentukan formula empirik dua sebatian yang berlainan.
Method I
Kaedah I
Metal
Logam

Method II
Kaedah II

Metal oxide / Oksida

logam

dry
hydrogen gas

Gas hidrogen

Asbestos
paper
Kertas

kering
Heat
Panaskan
Table 8
Rajah 8
(i)
(ii)
(iii)

Explain why method II is not suitable to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide?
Terangkan mengapa kaedah II tidak sesuai bagi menentukan formula empirik bagi magnesium
oksida?
[1mark]
Suggest one metal oxide in method II.
Cadangkan satu oksida logam dalam kaedah II.
[1 mark]
Using a suitable example, describe a laboratory experiment to determine the empirical formula of an
oxide of a reactive metal. Your explanation should include:
Dengan menggunakan contoh yang sesuai, huraikan suatu eksperimen di makmal untuk
menentukan formula empirik bagi suatu oksida logam reaktif. Penerangan anda mestilah meliputi :
Procedure of the experiment
Prosedur bagi eksperimen
Tabulation of data
Penjadualan data

[10 marks]

10. Diagram 9 shows the atomic structure of three elements X, Y and Z.

Rajah 9 menunjukkan struktur atom bagi tiga unsur X, Y dan Z.

Diagram 9/
Rajah 9
(a)

Based on Diagram 9, two types of compounds can be formed.

Explain the differences between the two compounds formed in terms of

Types of chemical bonds, and

Boiling and melting points.

Berdasarkan Rajah 9, dua jenis sebatian boleh terbentuk.
Terangkan perbezaan di antara dua sebatian tersebut dari segi

jenis ikatan kimia yang terbentuk, dan

takat lebur dan takat didihnya.

[4 marks ]

(b)

(c)

Draw the electron arrangement of the compound formed between X and Y, and explain the formation of the
compound.
Lukiskan susunan elektron untuk pembentukan sebatian di antara X dan Y, dan terangkan pembentukan
sebatian tersebut.
[6 marks ]
You are given two samples of chemical substances, P and Q.
Both of them are white solids. P is a covalent compound and Q is an ionic compound.
Describe a laboratory experiment to investigate the electrical conductivity of P and Q. Include the observations
in your answer.
Suggest a suitable example for each substance P and substance Q.

Anda diberi dua sampel bahan kimia, P dan Q.

Kedua-duanya berwarna putih.P adalah sebatian kovalen dan Q adalah sebatian ion.
Huraikan satu eksperimen makmal untuk mengkaji kekonduksian arus elektrik sebatian P dan Q. Sertakan
pemerhatian yang diperolehi dalam jawapan anda.
Cadangkan satu contoh yang sesuai bagi setiap bahan P dan bahan Q .
[10 marks ]