Clowes Brian - Case Against Condoms Death by Latex

Case Against Condoms: Death
by Latex
By Brian Clowes, PhD
Director of Research Worldwide
Human Life International
WARNING: In order to completely and accurately describe the subject matter, this
document contains explicit information about human sexuality which is not appropriate
for minors or for persons who are morally vulnerable to such material.
Introduction: Basic Concepts.
The Underlying Problem. It is common knowledge among health professionals that

sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs), some of which are incurable and/or fatal, have
found fertile ground to multiply in societies that permit and even celebrate all forms of
permissive sex. Unfortunately, most people, for fear of appearing "backwards" or
"repressive," treat this glaringly obvious fact like a basilisk -- they dare not look at it or
even speak about it.
The response of most `developed' world governments at every level, and the reaction
of various social service agencies to this explosion of STDs, was as predictable as it was
pitiful: They took the inherently Humanistic position that Americans (not just teenagers)
are mere animals. Since they can't be trusted to control their sexual urges, we might as
well make it as safe for them as possible to have sex with whomever they please.
The government's weapons of choice were not chastity and monogamy, but
`education' and condoms. Even Bill Clinton's Surgeon General, Joycelyn Elders, sported
a "rubber tree" on her desk -- festooned, of course, with condoms.
And so, with intriguing names like "Arouse," "Embrace," "Excita," and "Pleaser,"
condoms crowd pharmacy shelves and restroom walls, leering at potential users and
proclaiming the merits of "family planning" and "safe sex" on their vividly-colored
packages.
Unfortunately, members of the public uncritically accept the government, and the
condom manufacturers, at their word. And nobody (except a few pro-lifers, who are
universally ignored) seems to be asking the most vital question of all.
If condoms are so effective at preventing pregnancy and AIDS transmission, why do
nations that stress their use continue to experience a rapidly-escalating rate of teen
pregnancy and an exploding AIDS epidemic?

Due to the highly charged aspects of the issues related to contraception (i.e., schoolbased clinics, the teen pregnancy "epidemic," and the spread of AIDS), there is much
conflicting information on the effectiveness of the most commonly-used nonpermanent
true contraceptive method in the world, the male condom, at preventing pregnancy,
AIDS, and sexually transmitted diseases.
In order to conduct an intelligent conversation on this topic, we must first review a
few basic facts.
Types of Condoms. Three types of male condoms are commonly available today;
(1) By far the most commonly used condoms are made from natural rubber latex. These
are the most effective at preventing pregnancy and STDs, and make up about 97 percent
of all condom sales in the United States.
(2) A small number of condoms are made from the intestinal caecum of lambs, and are
called "natural skin," "natural membrane" or "lambskin" condoms. Experts generally
agree that skin condoms are not effective as latex condoms at preventing AIDS and
STDs.
(3) A third type, generally becoming more available, are the condoms made from
synthetic materials including polyurethane. These are more resistant to deterioration
than latex condoms and are generally believed to provide a similar level of protection
against pregnancy and STDs [1].
Definition of Terms. The book Contraceptive Technology is the most authoritative

source of information on all methods of birth control in the world today. This two-inch
thick book is often referred to as the "family planner's bible," and is revised every few
years in order to include updated information. The latest edition was published in 2004,
and it is considered by family planners to be the "last word" on all matters contraceptive.
Family planners use four terms when referring to the failure rate of a contraceptive or
abortifacient method;
(1) The "efficacy" of a birth control method refers to the protection its users receive
under ideal conditions.
(2) The "effectiveness" of a method refers to the protection its users receive under actual
conditions of use, and includes user error.

(3) The "method failure rate" refers to malfunctions of the method itself when a couple
use it perfectly. For condoms, the method failure rate is two percent. This does not
mean that two percent of condom uses will result in pregnancy. It means that, if there
are one hundred couples that use a condom perfectly over an entire year of use, only two
will experience pregnancy. Since the average couple in the United States has sexual
intercourse 83 times a year, this means that, among one hundred perfect method users,
there will be two pregnancies for every 8,300 uses of the condom.
(4) The "user failure rate" reflects not perfect use, but typical use, and includes all user
errors. According to Contraceptive Technology, 15 of 100 typical condom-using couples
will experience pregnancy within the first year of use.[2]
The basic problem is as follows. No matter how much `safe(r) sex' education is
taught, no matter how many bowls of free condoms are left in plain view, and no matter
how much contraceptive marketing is propagated, there are a number of mechanical and
human factors that simply cannot be controlled [3];
Condoms break and slip off;

They age. One study found that the breakage rate for condoms increased from
3.6% for new condoms to as high as 18.6% for condoms several years old.[4]
They deteriorate in even the best of conditions, but even more rapidly in
extremely cold or hot situations. Condom wrappers recommend storing the
product at temperatures between 59 and 88 degrees Fahrenheit. One researcher
found that, at major condom distribution points in New Jersey and New York,
boxes of condoms were left outdoors in the ice and snow during the dead of
winter. During the summer months, the researcher took photographs of eggs
frying on the floors of dozens of trucks and containers where condoms were
stored in temperatures exceeding 180 degrees.[5] High temperatures cause
oxidation and freezing temperatures cause crystallization in some of the chemical
compounds that make up condoms, leading to cracking, drying, shrinking and
drastic loss of flexibility and strength. Keep in mind that condoms exported from
the United States sit in uninsulated shipping containers in extreme weather
conditions for even longer periods of time;
If taken out of the package and left unused for a long period of time, they are
liable to ozone deterioration, which causes damage invisible to the eye;
Improper use of oil-based lubricants can degrade them;
They get broken in their packages;
They have allowed rates of manufacturing defects. The present acceptable
quality limit (AQL) for North American condom manufacturers is 99.6% of
condoms free of leaks. The British AQL is 97%, and the Dutch AQL is 96.5%;
The users are caught up in passion and do not properly follow the ten- to sixteenstep process for safe usage [6];
The users are compromised by the use of alcohol, marijuana, illegal drugs,
prescription and over-the-counter drugs, or exhaustion; and
Bodily secretions can get around and over a condom even if it performs perfectly.
The Primary Danger -- Not Pores, But Catastrophic Failure.
"Counting on condoms is flirting with death."

-- Dr. Helen Singer-Kaplan, founder of the Human Sexuality Program at the New York
Weill Cornell Medical Center, Cornell University.[7]
Overview. Although latex condoms appear to occasionally be permeable to the

AIDS virus, by far the greatest danger of infection lies in their propensity to burst, tear
and slip off.
Even if only a few HIV viruses did pass through a porous condom, the risk of
infection would still be extremely small; but in those cases where condoms fail
catastrophically, massive exposure to the HIV virus is inevitable. In cases of failure
during intercourse with an HIV-infected person, there is the distinct possibility of a
protracted and extremely unpleasant death.
The Studies. The frequency of condom breakage depends upon many factors,
including the type of lubricant used and the brand of condom. Contraceptive
Technology tallied the results of fifteen studies involving a total of 25,184 condoms used
during heterosexual intercourse and found that 4.64 percent of all of the condoms broke
and 3.44 percent of them partially or completely slipped off, for a total of 8.08 percent,
or about one in twelve.[8]
Figure 1 is a summary of these studies.
Figure 1
A Summary of Major Studies on Condom Breakage and Slippage Rates
Study
Total Breakage Slippage

Total Total
Condoms Rate
Rate
Breaks Slips
Used (percent) (percent)
1. Nevade
353
0.0%
3.9%
14
2. United States #1
4,632
0.4%
0.6%
19
28
3. United States #2
147
0.7%
7.4%
11
4. Sydney, Australia
605
0.5%
-----
-----
5. Atlanta, Georgia #1
478
3.7%
13.1%
18
63
6. Atlanta, Georgia #2
405
2.4%
13.1%
10
53
7. California #1
3,717
3.0%
2.9%
112
108
8. California #2
2,059
4.3%
2.2%
89
45
9. North Carolina #1
1,072
3.3%
5.4%
35
58
4,589
11.1%
-----
509
-----
1,947
5.3%
3.5%
103
68
752
4.1%
-----
31
-----
358
6.7%
-----
24
-----
14. Denmark
385
5.0%
-----
19
-----
3,685
5.3%
5.1%
195
188
1,168
636
15. New Zealand

Totals
25,184
Summary of Studies
Average breakage rate of all condoms:
1,168/25,184 = 4.64%
Average slippage rate of all condoms:
636/18,495 = 3.44%
Total failure rate of all condoms:
8.08%
According to Contraceptive Technology, the condom's user effectiveness rate is 85

percent [9]. This means that, under real-world conditions, a woman whose sexual
partners use condoms for every act of sexual intercourse has a 15 percent chance of
becoming pregnant in a year.
Figure 2 shows the chances of pregnancy for a woman whose sexual partners
faithfully use condoms for 83 average annual instances of sexual intercourse.[10]
Keep in mind that these are the lowest rates that can generally be expected, since they
assume 100% condom usage.
Figure 2
Probability of Pregnancy Over Time for Women Whose Sexual Partners Always
Use Condoms
Time
Span
Probability
of Pregnancy
1 year
15 percent
2 years
28 percent
3 years
39 percent
4 years
48 percent
5 years
56 percent
10 years
80 percent
According to United States Census Bureau sources, about 6.8 million couples use
condoms as their primary means of contraception in the USA.[11] 15 percent of this
number means that about one million unwanted pregnancies occur every year due to
condoms breaking, a number equivalent to half of the unintended pregnancies in the
United States annually!

This experience is mirrored in many other surveys of people who use condoms under
real-world conditions;
1,609 of 4,666 women (34.5 percent) obtaining abortions at the Leeds Marie
Stopes International abortion clinic were using condoms that failed [12].
27% of the abortions performed at Paris' Hospital St. Louis are done because of
condom failure.[13]
A 1996 study of students requesting "emergency contraception" at the Rusholme
Health Center in Manchester claimed condom failure.[14]
In Botswana, HIV prevalence among pregnant urban women rose from 27
percent to a staggering 45 percent from 1993 to 2001 as condoms sales tripled.
In Cameroon, adult HIV prevalence rose from 3 percent to 9 percent as condom
sales rose from six million to 15 million during the same period [15].
Cambodia instituted a "100% Condom Program" early on in its fight against
AIDS. Condom use rocketed from 99,000 in 1994 to 16 million in 2001.
Reported HIV infections more than kept pace, soaring from 14 in 1994 to more
than 16,000 in 2001 [16].
When United States Surgeon General Joycelyn Elders was Arkansas Health
Director from 1987 to 1992, she pushed condoms by every means possible,
including in 24 high schools. The results were predictable. The teen pregnancy
rate in Arkansas rose 17 percent between 1989 to 1992, the syphilis rate among
teenagers rose 130 percent, and the HIV rate rose 150 percent [17].
Figure 3 includes many quotes from leading experts who have shown in studies that
condoms are dismal failures at preventing pregnancies.
Understandably, for practical and ethical reasons, few studies have actually used live
couples to test HIV transmission rates. A University of Miami Medical School study
showed that three out of 10 women whose HIV-infected husbands faithfully used
condoms contracted AIDS-Related Complex (ARC) in an 18-month period.[18]
This translates into an infection rate of 21 percent per year, 38 percent in two years,
51 percent in three years, 70 percent in five years, and 91 percent in 10 years. One
article in The Lancet concluded that
The possible consequences of condom failure when one partner is HIV infected are
serious enough and the likelihood of failure sufficiently high that condom use by risk
groups should not be described as `safe sex.'... Condoms have a substantial failure rate:
13-15% of women whose male partners use condoms as the sole method of
contraception become pregnant within one year.[19]
Figure 4 consists of quotes from leading experts who believe that condoms are
ineffective at preventing AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases.
Figure 3
Experts Speak on the Ineffectiveness
of the Condom at Preventing Pregnancy
"After reviewing the extensive literature on contraception, some variation in results is

found. Reported failure rates for condom use vary from about 2 to 35 unplanned
pregnancies per year, but a conservative consensus reveals a rate in the range of 8
failures per 100 users each year in the general population. Simple mathematics would
conclude that after five years, the number pregnant with this method would be five
times the yearly rate. Thus, after five years of condom use, there would be about forty
pregnancies in this group of 100 real people ..."
-- Stephen Genuis, M.D. "What About the Condom?" Risky Sex (2nd Edition)
[Edmonton, Alberta: KEG Publishing, 1991].
"Of 100 women whose partner uses a condom for one year, 3 to 36 will become
pregnant."
-- United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare. "Contraception:
Comparing the Options."
"In the Oxford/Family Planning Association contraceptive study, 4% of highly
motivated couples relying on condoms experienced an unplanned pregnancy within one
year, while more generally representative data from the National Survey of Family
Growth in the United States show that between 6% and 22% of couples relying on
condoms experienced an unplanned pregnancy within a year, the rate depending on the
woman's age and whether the couples wished to delay pregnancy or to prevent it. Much
of the health education material about HIV infection has failed to stress the limitations
of the condom."
-- M.P. Vessy and L. Villard Mackintosh. "Condoms and AIDS Prevention." The
Lancet, March 7, 1987, page 568.
"Use of a barrier method backed up by abortion in case of failure confers over a
woman's reproductive life complete protection against unplanned childbearing with a
minimal risk of mortality. For some women, however, such a course is morally
unacceptable, since it involves a high likelihood of having at least one abortion."
-- K. Ory, et.al. Making Choices: Evaluating the Health Risks and Benefits of Birth
Control Methods [Alan Guttmacher Institute, 1983], page 60.
"In a survey of family planning clients who used condoms as their only or primary birth
control method, only 1.3% of the 388 women followed all five steps for proper use."
-- Marilyn Elias. "Correct Use of Condoms is Rare." USA Today, December 13, 1991.
"Dr. Richard Gordon, International AIDS Conference presenter and University of

Manitoba professor, concluded after live studies that red dye testing demonstrated that
seminal fluid leaks out of even properly?fitted condoms both prior to and after orgasm."
-- Beverly Sottile?Malona. "Condoms and AIDS." America, November 2, 1991.
One test showed that 14.6 percent of condoms used in a clinical trial either broke or
slipped off the penis during intercourse or withdrawal. A survey at a Manchester,
England family planning clinic revealed that 52% of the respondents had experienced
condom breakage or slippage during the past three months alone.
-- Alan Guttmacher Institute. Family Planning Perspectives, January/February 1992,
pages 20 to 23. Also see R.J.E. Kirkman, J. Morris, and A.M.C. Webb. "User
Experience: Mates v. Nuforms." British Journal of Family Planning, 1990;15:107?111.
A Federally?funded UCLA study of the effectiveness of 29 major condom brands
showed that reliability ranged from a high of 98.9% to an incredible low of 21.3%.
-- "Condom Reliability." Los Angeles Times, June 29, 1988.
Figure 4
Experts Speak on the Ineffectiveness of the Condom

at Preventing AIDS and Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases
"I think these results certainly tell us right off that one condom is not the same as the
next. Koop and AIDS groups and others promoting condoms have been very careless
about that point ... The Lifestyles Conture, Trojan Ribbed Natural, Trojan Ribbed and
Contracept Plus all showed evidence of virus leakage. One in 10 condoms tested leaked
in each brand, except for the Contracept Plus, which leaked [HIV] virus 10 of the 25
times it was tested."
-- Dr. Cecil Fox, quoted in Allan Parachini. "Condom Study Finding Wide Differences
Among Brands." Los Angeles Times, June 29, 1988.
"The possible consequences of condom failure when one partner is HIV infected are
serious enough and the likelihood of failure sufficiently high that condom use by risk
groups should not be described as `safe sex'... Condoms have a substantial failure rate:
13?15% of women whose male partners use condoms as the sole method of
contraception become pregnant within one year."
-- Jeffrey A. Kelly and Janet S. St. Lawrence. "Cautions About Condoms in
Prevention of AIDS." The Lancet (Journal of the British Medical Association).
February 7, 1987, page 323.
"Professionals and the public alike have been misled into believing that sex with a
condom is safe ... considering the 10% pregnancy rate with the use of condoms, this
creates a dangerous false sense of security. We consider it irresponsible to suggest to

anyone that condoms are entirely safe ... advising persons that it is safe to have sex with
condoms is false, provides an erroneous sense of security, and can kill partners."
-- Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, Fall 1986, page 164.
"As has been discussed, condoms do not offer protection for diseases that are
transmitted by skin to skin contact such as human papilloma virus and herpes simplex
virus, frequently found throughout the genital area in infected individuals. No degree of
condom education will curb the transmission of these organisms."
-- Stephen Genuis, M.D. "What About the Condom?" Risky Sex (2nd Edition).
Edmonton, Alberta: KEG Publishing, 1991.
"The officials note that condoms have been widely rejected as a method of birth control
because they frequently fail, and say the devices may be no better - in fact, may be
worse - at curtailing AIDS. They warn that sexually active men and women should not
assume that they are protected simply because they use prophylactics ... The safe-sex
message just isn't true. You're still playing a kind of Russian roulette. Instead of having
six bullets in the chamber, you have one."
-- Bruce Voeller, M.D., researcher with the Mariposa Research Foundation, quoted in
Lindsey Gruson. "Condoms: Experts Fear False Sense of Security." The New York
Times, August 18, 1987.
"Condoms failed to prevent HIV transmission in three of 18 couples, suggesting that
the rate of condom failure with HIV may be as high as 17%."
-- James J. Goedert, M.D. "What is Safe Sex?" New England Journal of Medicine,
October 21, 1987, page 1,340.
"The condom was useless as a prophylactic against gonorrhea and even under ideal
conditions against syphilis."
-- Nicholas J. Fiumara, M.D., Massachusetts Department of Public Health.
"Effectiveness of Condoms in Preventing V.D." New England Journal of Medicine,
October 21, 1971, page 972.
The effectiveness of condoms at preventing AIDS is obviously much lower than their
effectiveness at preventing pregnancy, for two primary reasons;
A couple can conceive during only a fraction of the menstrual cycle (the "fertility
window"), about five to seven days per cycle. It is possible, however, to be
infected with HIV at any time during the menstrual cycle.
A sperm cell is massively larger than an HIV virus. The head of a sperm cell is
about 3,000 to 5,000 nanometers in diameter, and an HIV virus is about 100 to
120 nanometers in diameter (1 nanometer = one billionth of a meter).[20]
Condoms and Leakage.
The Primary Point to Remember. There is a lot of debate in the pro-life

community today over whether or not latex condoms have pores large enough to leak the
HIV virus.
As this booklet will describe, the latex condom does indeed occasionally leak the HIV
virus. However, the following point cannot be stressed enough:
The risk of HIV leakage by latex condoms is trivial when compared to the risk of
massive exposure to the HIV virus caused by the condom's propensity to frequently
break, tear or slip off.
Pro-lifers should not allow themselves to be dragged into a long, drawn-out

discussion on whether or not condoms have pores big enough to leak the HIV virus.
This is a distraction from more important issues, because nobody can prove on the spot
whether or not they actually do leak the virus. After all, how many people carry a
portable electron microscope around with them? There are hundreds of studies on both
sides of this question.
In any discussion of condoms, pro-lifers should stay on much firmer ground and
speak about the condom's frequent catastrophic failure rate.
A Complicated Question. Much debate exists over whether latex condoms provide
protection against the HIV virus. The Centers for Disease Control (CDCs) assert that
unbroken and properly used latex condoms can block the AIDS virus.[21] The basis for
this claim is a series of studies that show that latex condoms are 99 percent or more
effective at stopping the AIDS virus.
Two serious flaws are inherent in each of these studies:
(1) An extremely small sample size was used in each study (only one to 10 condoms of
each brand); and
(2) In-vivo conditions of actual intercourse were not simulated.
The inherent, naturally occurring flaws in natural rubber (latex) range from 5 to 70
microns in diameter.[22] The average sperm cell is about 5 microns in diameter, and the
average AIDS virus is about 0.1 micron in size.[23] This means that, in terms of size, an
AIDS virus can pass through a latex flaw as easily as a house cat can walk through an
open double garage door. Pro?abortionists and others loudly deny this fact, but offer no
evidence whatsoever to back up their claims.
However, before concluding that latex condoms do not protect against the AIDS
virus, two factors must be taken into account:
(1) Condom advocates stress that water molecules "stick" to each other through
hydrogen bonding. Therefore, they say, it is very doubtful indeed that an AIDS virus in
a water-based suspension of any type would be able to pass through a hole even 100
times its own diameter in the absence of motion, friction, pressure and corrosion
stresses. The clumped water molecules "bridge" the condom gaps, in other words.
However, condoms do indeed leak water, as shown by the standard condom
permeability test. This involves filling a condom with 300 milliliters of water, tying it
off, and then rolling it on paper to assist in detecting leaks.
In one study, scientists deliberately punctured condoms with holes about 10 microns
in diameter, then subjected them to the standard water permeability test. 75 percent of
the condoms passed the test, despite the fact that they were riddled with holes 100 times
the diameter of the AIDS virus.[24]
In a second test, holes were artificially introduced into condoms of several brands.
Those containing holes 1 micron in size -- ten times the diameter of the HIV virus -passed the leakage test 90 percent of the time. In this latter test, a surfactant (which
reduces water cohesion) was introduced into the liquid. Most condom lubricants act as
surfactants.[25]
These studies prove that condoms do indeed leak water, regardless of what its surface
tension may be.
(2) Latex condoms are "double-dipped," meaning that all or most of the voids left from
the first layer will be filled by the second. Repeated SEM (scanning electron
microscope) photos of stretched condoms show no apparent voids, even at a
magnification of 2,000X.[26]
Once again, this fact is irrelevant in light of the fact that, as shown above, a large
percentage of condoms that have passed the standard water leak text do indeed leak HIVsized particles.
An Engineering Analysis of an SEM Image. Point (2) above is repeatedly used by

condom advocates to argue that latex condoms are extremely effective at blocking the
HIV virus. Indeed, when a latex condom is stretched and viewed under the extreme
magnification possible with a scanning electron microscope, no pores seem to be
present.
When an SEM image of stretched latex shows no pores, we must remember that
stretching applies only one type of stress on a material: Uniform lateral stress. This is
the kind of stress that is applied to a child's balloon when it is blown up -- equal and
constant pressure is applied to every square inch of the surface of the balloon.
An SEM cannot provide us with an accurate "picture" of pores in a condom under
conditions of actual use, because the SEM can only provide still shots of a condom with
uniform lateral stress applied to it.
It is physically impossible to simultaneously simulate for an SEM picture the other
four types of stress that are applied to a condom during intercourse:
(1) pressure stress (perpendicular to the axis of the lateral stress). This would be like
taking the child's balloon and stretching it from pole to pole;
(2) shear stress (high twisting or angular stresses at critical points). This would be like
holding the child's balloon at both ends and twisting the poles in opposite directions;
(3) friction stress (abrasion occurring during lateral movement between two surfaces in
contact). This would be like taking the child's balloon and rubbing it across a sticky
surface; and
(4) corrosion stress caused by a mixture of body fluids and lubricants, whose effect is
greatly enhanced by the repeated and simultaneous application of mechanical stresses.
To say that a latex condom is safe because it shows no pores when only one out of
five types of stress is applied to it is like saying that a new type of jeep is safe for heavy
off-road use because it can be driven in a straight line at 25 MPH on a smooth and level
road without falling apart.
The fact that latex condoms do indeed contain pores was highlighted by a major 1992
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) study, the first to simulate actual conditions of
sexual intercourse. This study showed detectable leakage of HIV-sized particles in onethird of the condoms tested.[27] Significantly, all of these condoms had previously
passed the standard water leakage test.
Again, those who debate the merits and demerits of condoms should remember that
the head of a human sperm cell is approximately 50 microns (0.002 inches) in diameter,
and the head of an HIV virus is about 0.1 microns in diameter.[28] This means that a
sperm cell, which is effectively blocked by an unbroken latex condom, is about 100
million times more massive than an HIV virus.
This contrast in size is proportional to a five-ton bull elephant standing next to a
small housefly.
Condoms and the Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases.
"There is no such thing as safe sex for someone contemplating sex with an HIVpositive person."
-- Dr. Michael Gottlieb, the scientist who made the original report to the Centers for
Disease Control on gay-related immune deficiency (GRID), which was later relabeled
AIDS.[29]
Health authorities agree that condoms (when used perfectly and when they do not
break, leak or slip) effectively block such sexually transmitted diseases as gonorrhea and
syphilis. However, condom misuse or breakage can cause massive exposure to these
diseases, just as with the HIV virus.
What's more, even consistent perfect use of unbroken condoms will not protect
against STDs that are spread by skin-to-skin contact, such as human papillomavirus
(HPV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV), which frequently infect the entire genital area.
Finally, many STDs, such as gonorrhea and herpes, are transmitted by oral sex, which is
usually practiced with multiple sexual partners.[30]
These problems partly account for a resurgence in certain STDs;
Genital chlamydial infection is the most common bacterial STD in the United
States, and is the leading cause of preventable infertility and ectopic
pregnancies. Half a million new cases of chlamydia (the most common sexually
transmitted disease) are reported each year.[31]
Genital warts (condyloma acuminata) are caused by human papillomavirus
(HPV), the most common viral STD in the United States, accounting for three
million new cases each year. HPV is present in an estimated 50 percent of all
sexually active young women, and, as with other STDs, is associated with
multiple sexual partners and with earlier intercourse.
There are about 400,000 new cases of gonorrhea in the United States each year,
many of which are caused by strains resistant to treatment, and up to one-fourth
of all infected men have no symptoms. Gonorrhea can also infect other mucous
membranes, including the mouth. The disease can have extremely serious
consequences if left untreated, including sterility, pelvic abscesses and severe

health problems for infants born to infected mothers.[32]
Hepatitis B is a particularly dangerous problem in some developing countries. It
can lead to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, cancers, hepatic (liver) failure and death.
There is no cure for Hepatitis B, and up to 20 percent of the general population in
many developing countries show signs of infection.
Herpes genitalis is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) and infects about
30 million people in the United States today, most of whom show no symptoms.
Those who do show symptoms may have painful ulcers in the genital or mouth
area.
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a result of infection with other STDs and
viruses/bacteria such as gonorrhea and E. Coli. PID afflicts one million
American women each year, 20 percent of whom require hospitalization. PID
also inflames the Fallopian tubes and is a leading cause of ectopic pregnancy.
Syphilis, one of the deadliest STDs, recently reached its highest level in 40
years, with 134,000 people in the United States newly infected in 1990.[33]
Untreated syphilis can lead to rashes, lesions, paralysis, aneurysms, blindness
and death.
Health professionals often assert that there are "epidemics" of teen pregnancy, AIDS,
alcoholism and drug use. Some of these allegations are exaggerated and are not
supported with proper statistical analysis.
But declarations of an epidemic of STDs are certainly not exaggerated. With more
than 100 million people infected with one or more of 20 STDs in the United States
alone, it is unrealistic to expect that a paper-thin, nearly weightless sheath of
polyurethane or latex will slow down the epidemic.
The only way to completely eradicate all STDs is to follow God's plan for our sexual
lives: Abstinence before marriage and fidelity after.
Of course, the sex educators and condom sellers tell us that this is not a "realistic"
solution.
They are wrong.
Since abstinence/fidelity is the only solution that will work, it is the only realistic
solution as well. Perhaps if the health professionals struggle unsuccessfully for another
decade or two trying to contain the STD epidemic with impractical means, they too will
reach the same conclusion. Unfortunately, the price of their education will be steep
indeed -- millions of lives needlessly lost and more millions of lives spent in
unnecessary misery.
Teenagers and Condoms.
The New York Times Speaks. In 1997, The New York Times front-paged a study
alleging that passing out condoms in school does not increase teenage sex, which flies in
the face of common sense.[34]
If schools passed out coupons for free beer at local ABC stores, would beer
consumption by teenagers increase?
Of course it would! Anyone who says otherwise is just not in touch with reality.
Saying that passing out condoms does not increase sexual behavior is kind of like
saying that passing out cars and keys does not increase driving behavior.
In any case, the lead researcher of the study cited by the Times was none other than
Sally Guttmacher, daughter of Alan Guttmacher, who did more to spread abortion and
contraception around the world than anyone else in history. The study was funded by
the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, which pours millions of dollars into organizations
that promote condoms.
The Times seems to be completely blind to preordained conclusions brought on by a
massive conflict of interest, but only if such conflicts exist on the anti-life side of various
issues.
Would the Times accept such a study (much less put it on the front page) if it was
conducted by a well-known pro-life priest and funded by the Vatican? Of course not!
The Times would dismiss the study without even reading it.
But not if it has the `right' conclusions ...
In light of their dismal record, the only thing more illogical than adults using
condoms is adults providing condoms to teenagers, especially in the public schools.
Rebuttal by the Alan Guttmacher Institute. An article in the Alan Guttmacher

Institute's Family Planning Perspectives quoted an annual condom failure rate of 18.4
percent among teenaged girls under 18 years old. This means that more than half of the
users will be pregnant within three years.
The authors also said that "These rates are understated because of the substantial
under-reporting of abortion among single women; if abortion reporting was complete,
failure rates would be 1.4 times as high as they appear high."[35]
Results of School Condom Studies. These figures have been borne out in studies of
those public schools that have distributed condoms to their students.
One writer describes the dismal results of one of the first free-condom programs to be
instituted at a high school in the United States;
In the three years since this [Adams City, Colorado] high school became one of the
first to hand out condoms, the birth rate has soared to 31% above the national average of
58.1 births per 1,000 students [annually].
Last year, 76 of Adams City students became teen mothers. This year, more than 100
births are expected. That's left people at this school, recognized throughout Colorado for
its cutting-edge educational and social programs, searching for explanations."[36]
International Case Studies Showing Condom Ineffectiveness Against HIV/AIDS.
Uganda. In 1986, President Yoweri Museveni took office and immediately started an
intensive campaign to change the widespread incidence of risky sexual behavior in
Uganda.
In 1991, Uganda had one of the highest adult HIV infection rates in the world.
Fifteen percent of all adults in the country were infected. Ten years later, Uganda had
cut its HIV infection rate by two-thirds, to only five percent. It was the only nation in
Africa that cut its HIV infection rate during this time period, and its decline in HIV
prevalence was the greatest of any country in the world.
The key to this tremendous decline was an approach that other nations declined to
embrace: The ABC Program, or Abstain from sex until marriage, Be faithful to your
partner, and use Condoms if you do not practice abstinence or fidelity. The entire focus
of the message was not simply to "condomize" the population, but to reduce risky sexual
behavior.
The consistent broadcasting of the ABC message through all governmental,
educational, religious and communications networks, in time, built up what researchers
called a "highly effective social vaccine against HIV," or a massive behavioral change
among the people of the nation. The 2000-2001 Ugandan Demographic and Health
Survey found that 93 percent of Ugandans had changed their sexual behavior to avoid
HIV/AIDS.
According to the Heritage Foundation, the primary lessons learned from the Uganda
experience are;
(1) High-risk sexual behaviors can be discouraged and replaced by healthier lifestyles.
Ugandans gradually accepted what they call "zero grazing," or faithfulness to one
partner.
(2) Abstinence and marital fidelity appear to be the most important factors in preventing
the spread of HIV/AIDS. Contrary to all expectations, young Ugandans widely

embraced the pro-abstinence message. From 1989 to 1995, the percent of unmarried
young men having sex plunged from 60 percent to 23 percent, and the percent of
unmarried young women having sex dropped from 53 percent to 16 percent.[37] This
proves that teenagers are not mere animals who are helpless slaves of their "raging
hormones."
(3) Condoms do not play the primary role in reducing HIV/AIDS transmission. As
President Museveni himself remarked, "We are being told that only a thin piece of
rubber stands between us and the death of our continent. Condoms have a role to play as
a means of protection, especially in couples who are HIV-positive, but they cannot
become the main means of stemming the tide of AIDS."[38] The Ugandan government
targeted only extremely high-risk groups, including prostitutes, with condoms. The vast
majority of Ugandans rejected the use of condoms. Anne Peterson, M.D., USAID's
Director of Global Health, says that "Condoms play a role. They are better than nothing,
but the core of Uganda's success story is big A, big B, and little C."[39]
In stark contrast to Uganda, the countries with the highest rate of condom availability
still have the world's highest AIDS rates -- Zimbabwe, Botswana, South Africa and
Kenya.[40]
(4) Religious organizations are crucial participants in the fight against AIDS [41]. Most
condom-promoting organizations believe that purely secular organizations should have a
monopoly in the battle against HIV/AIDS, and that religious organizations have no place
in the fray. From the very beginning of the ABC program, Christian, Jewish and Muslim
faith-based organizations played a central role.
The ABC program has been intensively studied and deemed effective by many
leading international health organizations, including;
the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), which says
that "This dramatic decline in [HIV/AIDS] prevalence is unique worldwide, and
has been the subject of intense scrutiny;"[42]
the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS);
the United Nations World Health Organization (WHO); and
the Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies.[43]
Despite the obvious success of the Ugandan ABC program, which has undoubtedly
saved hundreds of thousands of lives, condom promoters continue to discount abstinence
in favor of programs that have been proven ineffective.
For example, the Global HIV Prevention Working Group issued a July 2002 report
entitled Mobilization for HIV Prevention: A Blueprint for Action, which emphasizes sex
education, condom distribution, needle exchange programs and increased availability of
and access to anti-retroviral drugs in its program. It briefly mentions Uganda's success
story, but attributes its drops in HIV infection rates primarily to massive condom
promotion and distribution programs, which did not actually occur in the country [44].
In reality, condoms do not impede the spread of AIDS. In 2004, the journal Studies
in Family Planning concluded that "No clear examples have emerged yet of a country
that has turned back a generalised epidemic primarily by means of condom
promotion."[45]
The Philippines and Thailand. The second real-life example of how condoms fail
to stop the spread of HIV/AIDS is presented by the Philippines and Thailand, two
Southeastern Asian nations with approximately the same populations.
In 1984, the first case of HIV was detected in both of these nations. By 1987,
Thailand had 112 cases of AIDS, and the Philippines had 135 cases. In 1991, the World
Health Organization predicted that, by 1999, Thailand would have 70,000 deaths from
the disease, and the Philippines would have 85,000 deaths.
In 1991, both nations took concrete and comprehensive measures against the spread
of the HIV virus -- but both directed their efforts in completely different directions.
The Thai Minister of Health enacted a "100% Condom Use Program." All brothels
were required to have supplies of condoms, and condom vending machines were
installed in all supermarkets, bars, restaurants, and other public gathering places. This
program was widely accepted and implemented by the people of Thailand.
Two years later, Rene Bullecer, M.D., received authorization from the Catholic
Bishops Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) to establish the organization AIDS-Free
Philippines as its official program to combat HIV/AIDS nationwide. The government
signed on to this effort as well.
By the end of 2003, the disparity in the effectiveness of both types of programs had
become glaringly obvious, as shown in this table; [46]
Parameter
Thailand Philippines
Adults and Children Living with HIV
570,000
9,000
AIDS Deaths in 2003
58,000
500
Population
HIV Infection Rates Per Mission
62,833,000 79,999,000
9,072
113
This table shows that the Thai HIV infection rate is eighty times higher than the
Filipino HIV infection rate.
The current rate of HIV infection in the United States, with all of our sex education,
all of our sexual freedom, all of our advanced antiviral drugs, and all of our billions of
condoms, is 3,900 per million, thirty times higher than in the Philippines.[47]
What lesson does this teach us?
USAID has concluded that the reason that the Philippines has such a low incidence of
HIV/AIDS is that youth have a very high rate of abstinence and married people largely
remain faithful to their spouses. The USAID report grudgingly admitted that "The
Catholic Church must be credited with influencing sexual behavior."[48]
`Abstinence has a High Failure Rate.' Pro-condom groups often denigrate

abstinence because they say it is ineffective. For example, A poster distributed by
`Catholics' for a Free Choice says that "Abstinence has a high failure rate."[49] The idea
behind this slogan is that people get passionate and engage in sexual intercourse despite
intentions or formal vows to the contrary.
This is an illogical and inconsistent allegation. Failures are not attributed to any
method of birth control if it is simply not used. If a formal study of condoms finds that
several pregnancies resulted from couples intending to use condoms but failing to do so,
these pregnancies will properly not be attributed to the condoms themselves.
The same criteria should be applied to abstinence. If, for whatever reason, a couple
engage in sexual intercourse, resulting exposure to pregnancy or STDs cannot be
attributed to abstinence, because it was not used.
They Simply Refuse to "Get It." Despite the stunning success of Uganda at
reducing its AIDS epidemic, and the Philippines at avoiding it altogether, population
controllers, "family planners" and pro-condom ideologues continue to vigorously
promote programs that are proven failures. These groups and people have the attitude
that theirs is the only "realistic" solution to the AIDS crisis, even when they are
confronted with abundant and vivid evidence to the contrary.
Why do they do this, in light of the fact that they are obviously causing many deaths
and much misery?
(1) This is the result of a venerable mindset that holds that human beings are essentially
no different from animals in the area of sexuality, and that they have either no free will
or greatly diminished free will.[50] This is an old and outdated philosophy, and must be
jettisoned in favor of more modern and effective thinking. Unfortunately, the people
who hold this quaintly antiquated viewpoint are usually the "family planning" and
"reproductive health" experts who fund and execute programs involving condom
distribution.
(2) It's their job. If they give up their hold on condoms, they might be out looking for
gainful employment. Peddling condoms is a very profitable venture indeed, and the
resulting income must be protected, regardless of the health risks to those using the
product. In 1987, the Los Angeles Times reported that "The condom industry has
launched an intensive campaign to weaken, delay or possibly shut down a federally
funded Los Angeles study of the effectiveness of condoms in preventing transmission of
the AIDS virus."[51]
(3) Condoms are part of the web of "progressive" thinking that is more rigidly dogmatic
than the beliefs of any religion. One of the precepts of this mode of thinking is that
"condoms are good."
(4) Population controllers and condom pushers are just plain lazy. It is far easier to
thrown condoms at a problem than it is to go through all the trouble of changing
behavior.
(5) The organizations that think this way have a strong bias towards racist population
control programs. Lothrop Stoddard sat on the board of Margaret Sanger's American
Birth Control League (later the Planned Parenthood Federation of America). In Sanger's
publication The Birth Control Review, Lothrop vividly portrayed the racist's fear of
"differential fertility," a dread that still exists among population controllers today;
... upon the quality of human life all else depends ... none of the colored races shows
perceptible signs of declining birth-rate, all tending to breed up to the limits of available
subsistence ... It can mean only one thing: a tremendous and steadily augmenting
outward thrust of surplus colored men from overcrowded colored homelands ... But
many of these relatively empty [Northern] lands have been definitely set aside by the
White man as his own special heritage ...
His ["colored" man's] outstanding quality is superabundant animal vitality. In this he
easily surpasses all other races. To it he owes his intense emotionalism. To it, again, is
due his extreme fecundity, the negro being the quickest of breeders. This abounding
vitality shows in many other ways, such as the negro's ability to survive harsh conditions
of slavery under which other races have soon succumbed ... black blood, once entering a
human stock, seems never really bred out again ...
White men cannot, under peril of their very race-existence, allow wholesale Asian
immigration into White race-areas ... The grim truth of the matter is this: The whole
White race is exposed, immediately or ultimately, to the possibility of social sterilization
and final replacement or absorption by the teeming colored races.
And, of course, the more primitive a type is, the more prepotent it is. This is why
crossings with the negro are uniformly fatal. Whites, Amerindians, or Asiatics -- all are
alike vanquished by the invincible prepotency of the more primitive, generalized, and
lower negro blood.
... whether we consider interwhite migrations or colored encroachments on White
lands, the net result is an expansion of lower and a contraction of higher stocks, the
process being thus a disgenic one.
For race-betterment is such an intensely practical matter! When peoples come to
realize that the quality of the population is the source of all their prosperity, progress,
security, and even existence; we shall see much-abused "eugenics" actually moulding
social programmes and political policies ... we or the next generation will take in hand
the problem of race-depreciation, and segregation of defectives and abolition of
handicaps penalizing the better stocks will put an end to our present racial decline.[52]
Indeed, some have raised a troubling question: If the USA and the developed world
know that condoms are ineffective, why do they keep shipping billions of them to Africa
every year? The ideal form of genocide is that which few expect -- claiming to assist a
people while actually helping them to do nothing more than exterminate themselves.
Despite the proven track record of Uganda's ABC program, many influential
organizations and people continue to criticize it and the USA's support of it;
U.S. Representative Barbara Lee said that "In an age where five million people
are newly infected each year and women and girls too often do not have the
choice to abstain, an abstinence until marriage program is not only irresponsible,
it's really inhuman. Abstaining from sex is oftentimes not a choice, and therefore
their only hope in preventing HIV infection is the use of condoms."[53]
Adrienne Germain, president of the International Women's Health Coalition
(IWHC), said that "The Bush administration position basically condemns people
to death by H.I.V./AIDS, and we're talking about tens of millions of people."[54]
Mary Crewe, Director of the Centre for the Study of AIDS at the University of
Pretoria, said that "ABC is a middle-class, middle-aged response to an epidemic,
all overlaid with a kind of morality that doesn't hold any more."[55]
Jonathan Cohen of Human Rights Watch said that "Governments should be
promoting condom use, not treating condoms like contraband. The clear result of
restricting access to condoms will be more lives lost to AIDS."[56]
Stephen Lewis, the United Nations Secretary General's special envoy for
HIV/AIDS in Africa, said that "There is no question in my mind that the condom
crisis in Uganda is being driven and exacerbated by PEPFAR [the U.S.
administration's AIDS assistance program] and by the extreme policies that the
administration in the U.S. is now pursuing in the emphasis on abstinence. ... That
distortion of the preventive apparatus is resulting in great damage and
undoubtedly will cause significant numbers of infections which should never
have occurred."[57]
Paulo Roberto Teixeira, the AIDS Program Coordinator for Brazil's Health
Ministry, said that "Millions and millions of young people are having sexual
relations. We cannot talk about abstinence. It's not real." [58]
Lying in Order to Sell Condoms. Edward C. Green, a senior research scientist at

the Harvard School of Public Health, and a former condom advocate, has said, "The way
condoms are marketed in Africa and other developing parts of the world is as if they
were 100 percent safe. Condoms have brand names like Shield and Protector that gives
the impression that they are 100 percent safe."[59]
This statement is certainly true. The most powerful visual tool used to market
condoms in Africa is the large and colorful billboards that are built next to major
thoroughfares and painted on stone walls near stadiums, schools, and other places where
large crowds of people regularly congregate. None of these billboards even hint at the
failure rate of condoms; in fact, the opposite is the case. They all state plainly that, in
order to be completely safe from HIV/AIDS, you must use condoms.
Conclusion: Of Parachutes and Prophylactics.
If parachutes had the abysmal safety record that condoms do, skydiving would have
been outlawed long ago. Add to this the fact that tens of thousands of people die of
AIDS and other sexually-transmitted diseases for every person who dies in a parachuting
accident, and it is obvious that we are suffering from a major case of worldwide
myopia. It is also obvious that most people would choose sudden death by parachute
failure than a lingering, hideous wasting away at the `hands' of the AIDS virus.
Condom promoters often make the following analogy.
If your child was in an airplane that was going to crash, wouldn't you want him or her
to have a parachute, even if it was only 90 percent effective?
This is obviously a false analogy.
If you, as a parent, already know that the airplane your children want to fly on is
unsafe and will probably crash, your only realistic option is to stop him or her from
boarding it in the first place!
Good Housekeeping Magazine will not even accept condom advertisements, because
they are not reliable enough for its "Seal of Approval."[60]
Apparently, when it comes to birth control, anything goes. What is apparently
important is not whether or not you are safe, but whether or not you think you are safe.
The Family Planners `Speak.' Perhaps family planners were at their most eloquent
and revealing when they were not saying anything at all. In 1987, 800 sexologists
gathered for a conference in Heidelberg, Germany. Dr. Theresa Crenshaw, past
President of the American Association of Sex Educators, Counselors and Therapists
(AASECT), asked the assembly how many of them would have intercourse with the
HIV-infected partner of their dreams using a latex condom. Not a single one raised their
hand. Dr. Crenshaw concluded that "Putting a mere balloon between a healthy body and
a deadly disease is not safe."[61]
The United States government pamphlet entitled "Condoms and Sexually Transmitted
Diseases" says "Condoms are not 100 percent safe, but if used properly will reduce the
risk of sexually transmitted diseases, including AIDS."
Read this quote again. What the United States government is telling us is that
condoms reduce the risk of a disease that is 100 percent fatal!
This has led to a phenomenon that one expert delicately terms a "disservice." Susan
Weller says that
A negative effect has been the misinterpretation and misinformation regarding condom
effectiveness. The public at-large may not understand the difference between `condoms
may reduce risk of' and `condoms will prevent' HIV infection. It is a disservice to
encourage the belief that condoms will prevent sexual transmission of HIV.[62]
There are hundreds of sources that claim that condoms reduce HIV transmission from
80 to 90 percent. This is absolutely true -- but only if we compare (1) people using
condoms to (2) people not using condoms at all.
But this is a false choice. The condom promoters simply assume that people are
going to have extra-marital sex because they can't help themselves. Such thinking is
called "risk reduction," and is ultimately fatalistic. It assumes that people are largely
powerless to change their risky behaviors, and assumes that people who are generally
acting irrationally (by engaging in high-risk sexual behavior) will suddenly begin acting
rationally when handed a condom.
The real decision is (1) to abstain or (2) to use condoms during extramarital sex.
Abstinence is obviously safer.
The condom promoters are offering people a choice that is similar to this: If a person
is going to run into burning buildings just for thrills, it is much better for him to wear a
fireproof suit than not to wear a fireproof suit.
What we are saying is simply this: It is far better not to run into that burning building
at all.
Endnotes
[1] Lee Warner, Ph.D., M.P.H., Robert A. Hatcher, M.D., M.P.H., and Markus J. Steiner,
Ph.D. "Male Condoms." Chapter 16 in Robert A. Hatcher, M.D., M.P.H., et. al.
Contraceptive Technology (18th Revised Edition). New York: Ardent Media, Inc.,
2004.
[2] Ibid., page 334.
[3] Richard Gordon. "A Critical Review of the Physics and Statistics of Condoms and
Their Role in Individual Versus Societal Survival of the AIDS Epidemic." Journal of
Sex & Marital Therapy, Spring 1989 [Volume 15, number 1], pages 5 to 30.
[4] M. Steiner, R. Flodesy, D. Cole and E. Carter. Contraception 46, 279 [1992]; C.M.
Roland. "The Barrier Performance of Latex Rubber." RubberWorld ["The Technical
Service Magazine for the Rubber Industry"], June 1993 [Volume 208, Number 3].
[5] William B. Vesey. "Condom Failure." Human Life International Reports, July
1991, pages 1 to 3.
[6] Condom usage guides list anywhere from ten to sixteen steps involved in using
condoms. One article in the American Journal of Public Health says primly; "Condoms
are not 100% efficacious and a high degree of individual compliance is required for
condoms to be effective in use" [William L. Roper, M.D., M.P.H., Herbert B. Peterson,
M.D., and James W. Curran, M.D., M.P.H. "Commentary: Condoms and HIV/STD
Prevention -- Clarifying the Message." American Journal of Public Health, April 1993
[Volume 83, Number 4], pages 501 to 503].
[7] Helen Singer-Kaplan. The Real Truth about Women and AIDS. Simon & Schuster,
1987.
[8] All of these studies are listed in Robert A. Hatcher, et. al. Contraceptive Technology
(17th Revised Edition) [New York: Ardent Media, Inc., 1998]. Table 16-3, "Prospective
Studies of Condom Breakage and Slippage," pages 330 to 332. The Table refers to the
following studies, as listed above. All studies refer to vaginal intercourse only.
(1) Nevada -- Study of Nevada Brothel Prostitutes. A.E. Albert, D.L. Warner, R.A
Hatcher, J. Trussell, and C. Bennett. "Condom Use Among Female Commercial Sex
Workers in Nevada's Legal Brothels." American Journal of Public Health,
1995;85:1,514-1,520.
(2) United States #1 -- Study of Monogamous American Couples. M.J. Rosenberg
and M.S Waugh. "Latex Condom Breakage and Slippage in a Controlled Clinical Trial."
Contraception, 1997;56:17.21 (events of breakage and slippage were unambiguously not

double counted).
(3) United States #2 -- U.S. Clinical Research Participants. M.A. Leeper and M.
Conrardy. "Preliminary Evaluation of REALITY, a Condom for Women to Wear."
Advances in Contraception 1989;5:229-235.
(4) Sydney, Australia -- Study of Sydney Female Prostitutes. J. Richters, B.
Donovan, J. Gerofi and L. Watson. "Low Condom Breakage Rate in Commercial Sex"
[letter]. Lancet 1988;2:1,487-1,488. Correction by John Gerofi in personal
communication to Philip Kestelman, July 1989.
(5) Atlanta, Georgia #1 -- Study of Atlanta Family Planning Recruits. J. Trussel,
D.L. Warner and R.A. Hatcher. "Condom Performance During Vaginal Intercourse:
Comparison of Trojan-Enz and Tactylon Condoms." Contraception 1992;45:11-19.
(6) Atlanta, Georgia #2 -- Study of Atlanta Family Planning Recruits. J. Trussel,
D.L. Warner and R.A. Hatcher. "Condom Slippage and Breakage Rates." Family
Planning Perspectives 1992;24:20-23 (events of breakage and slippage were
unambiguously not double counted; slippage rate recalculated from original article and
reflects condoms that fell off or slipped down during intercourse or withdrawal).
(7) California #1 -- Study of Southern California Monogamous Couples. A. Nelson,
G.S. Bernstein, R. Frezieres, T. Walsh, V. Clark and A. Coulson. "A Study of the
Efficacy, Acceptability and Safety of a Non-Latex (Polyurethane) Male Condom;
Revised Final Report (N01-HD-1-3109). Bethesda, Maryland: National Institute of
Child Health and Human Development, September 15, 1997 (events of breakage and
slippage were unambiguously not double counted).
(8) California #2 -- Study of Southern California Monogamous Couples. A. Nelson,
R. Frezieres, T. Walsh, V. Clark and A. Coulson. "A Controlled Randomized Evaluation
of a Commercially Available Polyurethane and Latex Condom (Avanti Versus Ramses
Sensitol): Final Report (N01-HD-1-3109). Bethesda, Maryland: National Institute of
Child Health and Human Development, November 6, 1996 (events of breakage and
slippage were unambiguously not double counted).
(9) North Carolina #1 -- Study of North Carolina Monogamous Couples (events of
breakage and slippage were unambiguously not double counted; among new condoms
used with either no additional lubricant or water-based lubricant, rates recalculated from
the original article).
(10) North Carolina #2 -- Study of North Carolina Monogamous Couples (breakage
rates ranged from 3.5% for a new lot to 18.6% for an 81-month old lot).
(11) North Carolina #3 -- Study of North Carolina Monogamous Couples (events of
breakage and slippage were unambiguously not double counted).
(12) North Carolina #4 -- Study of North Carolina Couples Recruited by Mail.
(13) North Carolina #5 -- Study of North Carolina Local Recruits.

(14) Denmark -- Study of Denmark Female Prostitutes and Male and Female Hospital
Staff.
(15) New Zealand -- Study of New Zealand Male and Female Family Planning Clinic
Clients (events of breakage and slippage were unambiguously not double counted).
In another major study, the nation's most trusted consumer's advocacy group, the
Consumer's Union (CU), interviewed 3,300 of its readers in order to determine the
effectiveness of condoms at preventing conception and disease. CU also mechanically
tested 16,000 condoms of 37 different varieties and brands. It published the results of its
studies in the March 1989 issue of Consumer Reports. About one-fourth of the
Consumer Union's readers reported at least one instance of condom breakage in a oneyear period, and about one in eight experienced two or more incidents of breakage in one
year. Using these and other data, CU estimated that an average of one condom in 165
broke during heterosexual intercourse, and about one in 105 broke during anal
intercourse. This failure rate was much lower than that produced by most other studies.
The results of this study were not included in this Chapter because CU relied heavily on
self-reporting, which is inherently unreliable ["Can You Rely on Condoms?" Consumer
Reports, March 1989, pages 135 to 141].
Other studies do not reply on self-reporting, but rigorously document all procedures.
One such study found that 15.1% of 405 condoms broke or slipped off [James Trussell,
David Lee Warner and Robert A. Hatcher. "Condom Slippage and Breakage Rates."
Family Planning Perspectives [Alan Guttmacher Institute], January/February 1992
[Volume 24, Number 1], pages 20 to 23].
[9] Lee Warner, Ph.D., M.P.H., Robert A. Hatcher, M.D., M.P.H., and Markus J. Steiner,
Ph.D. "Male Condoms." Chapter 16 in Robert A. Hatcher, M.D., M.P.H., et. al.
Contraceptive Technology (18th Revised Edition). New York: Ardent Media, Inc.,
2004.
[10] Accumulated condom failure rates can be calculated with the formula 1-(1-f)**n,
where f equals the failure rate (0.14) and n equals the number of years.
[11] United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Reference Data
Book and Guide to Sources, Statistical Abstract of the United States 2006 (126th
Edition) [Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office]. Table 92,
"Contraceptive Use by Women, 15 to 44 Years of Age: 1995 and 2002."
[12] Judy Murty and Sue Firth of the Marie Stopes Centre. "Use of Contraception By
Women Seeking Termination of Pregnancy." The British Journal of Family Planning,
April 27, 1996, pages 6 to 9.
[13] Le Monde, May 28, 1996.
[14] M. Gabbay and A. Gibbs. "Does Additional Lubrication Reduce Condom Failure?"
Contraception, March 1996, pages 155 to 158.
[15] "Condom Promotion for AIDS Prevention in the Developing World: Is it
Working?" Studies in Family Planning, March 2004.
[16] "Condom Promotion for AIDS Prevention in the Developing World: Is it
Working?" Studies in Family Planning, March 2004; UNAIDS, UNICEF and WHO.
"Epidemiological Fact Sheet on HIV/AIDS and STIs: Cambodia." 2004 Update.
[17] Don Feder. "CDC Opts to Wage Its Own Trojan War." The Boston Herald, August
19, 1993; Kentucky Citizen's Digest, January/February 1993, pages 4 and 5.
[18] "Evaluation of Heterosexual Partners, Children and Household Contacts of Adults
With AIDS." Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), February 6, 1987.
[19] Jeffrey A. Kelly and Janet S. St. Lawrence. "Cautions about Condoms in
Prevention of AIDS." The Lancet (Journal of the British Medical Association).
February 7, 1987, page 323.
[20] By comparision, neisseria gonorrhoeae (the largest STD infectious agent) is about
1,000 nanometers in diameter; a hepatitis B surface antigen (the smallest STD infectious
agent) is about 22 nanometers in diamater, and the herpes virus is about 400 nanometers
in diameter. Marsha F. Goldsmith. "Sex in the Age of AIDS Calls for Common Sense
and `Condom Sense.' JAMA, May 1, 1987, pages 2,261 to 2,263 and 2,266.
[21] Lauran Neergaard. "CDC: Condoms Can Block AIDS." The Philadelphia
Enquirer, August 6, 1993, page E10.
[22] C.M. Roland. "The Barrier Performance of Latex Rubber." RubberWorld ["The
Technical Service Magazine for the Rubber Industry"], June 1993 [Volume 208, Number
3].
[23] C.M. Roland, Ph.D., Editor, Rubber Chemistry and Technology and Head of the
Polymer Properties Section, Naval Research Laboratory. Letter entitled "Do You Want
to Stake Your Life on a Condom?" Washington Times, April 22, 1992.
[24] G.B. Davis and L.W. Shroeder. Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 18, 352 (1990);
C.M. Roland. "The Barrier Performance of Latex Rubber." RubberWorld ["The
Technical Service Magazine for the Rubber Industry"], June 1993 [Volume 208, Number
3]. Sometimes, condom advocates say that HIV is always attached to or associated with
a cell. This is not a factual allegation. HIV is definitely present in free virus form, that
is, it is not associated with or attached to sperm cells or white blood cells [J.H. Mermin,
M. Holodniy, D.A. Katzenstein and T.C. Merigan. "Detection of Human
Immunodeficiency Virus DNA and RNA in Semen by the Polymerase Chain Reaction."
Journal of Infectious Diseases, October 1991, pages 769 to 772].
[25] R. Schmukler and R.B. Beard, unpublished study. Described in C.M. Roland. "The
Barrier Performance of Latex Rubber." RubberWorld ["The Technical Service Magazine
for the Rubber Industry"], June 1993 [Volume 208, Number 3].
[26] "From the Surgeon General, US Public Health Service." Journal of the American
Medical Association, June 9, 1993, page 2,840.
[27] Ronald F. Carey, William A. Herman, Stephen M. Retta, Jean E. Rinaldi, Bruce A.
Herman, and T. Whit Athey. "Effectiveness of Latex Condoms As a Barrier to Human
Immunodeficiency Virus-Sized Particles under Conditions of Simulated Use." Sexually
Transmitted Diseases, July-August 1992, pages 230 to 233. The article stated that
"Leakage of HIV-sized particles through latex condoms was detectable (P<0.03) for as
many as 29 of the 89 condoms tested." This study used fluorescence-labeled, 110nanometer polystyrene microspheres to model free HIV particles.
[28] C.M. Roland, Ph.D., Editor, Rubber Chemistry and Technology and Head of the
Polymer Properties Section, Naval Research Laboratory. Letter entitled "Do You Want
to Stake Your Life on a Condom?" Washington Times, April 22, 1992.
[29] Quoted in John Kelly, M.D. "Condom Failure and Transmission of HIV Infection."
CMAC Bulletin, October 1992, pages 19 and 19.
[30] Robert A. Hatcher, et. al. Contraceptive Technology (17th Revised Edition). New
York: Ardent Media, Inc., 1998. See the Index to find discussions of the various
sexually transmitted diseases.
[31] United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Reference Data
Book and Guide to Sources, Statistical Abstract of the United States 1999 (119th
Edition) [Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office]. Table 226,
"Specified Reportable Diseases - Cases Reported: 1980 to 1997."
[32] Ibid.
[33] Ibid.
[34] Lynda Richardson. "Condoms in School Said Not to Affect Teen-Age Sex Rate."
The New York Times, September 30, 1997, pages A1 and A14.
[35] W.R. Grady, M.D. Hayward, and J. Yagi. "Contraceptive Failure in the United
States: Estimates From the 1982 National Survey of Family Growth." Alan Guttmacher
Institute's Family Planning Perspectives, September/October 1986, page 204.
[36] Jana Mazanee. "Birth Rate Soars At Colorado School." USA Today, May 19, 1992,
page 3A.
[37] Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). "Uganda:
Epidemiological Fact Sheet on HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases," 2000.
[38] President Yoweri Museveni of Uganda. What is Africa's Problem? [Minneapolis:
University of Minnesota Press], 2000.
[39] Tom Carter. "Uganda Leads by Example on AIDS." The Washington Times, March
13, 2003.
[40] Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). "AIDS Epidemic Update,
December 2005."
[41] Joseph Loconte. "The White House Initiative to Combat AIDS: Learning from
Uganda." The Heritage Foundation's Executive Summary Backgrounder #1692,
September 29, 2003. 18 pages, PDF document.
http://www.heritage.org/research/africa/bg1692.cfm for the article.
[42] E.C. Green, V. Nantulya, R. Stoneburner, and J. Stover. "What Happened in
Uganda? Declining HIV Prevalence, Behavior Change and the National Response."
United States Agency for International Development (USAID), September 2002. To see
this report, http://www.usaid.gov/pop_health/aids/Countries/africa/uganda_report.pdf.
[43] Ibid.
[44] Global HIV Prevention Working Group. Mobilization for HIV Prevention: A
Blueprint for Action, July 2002.
[45] Norman Hearst and Sanny Chen. "Condom Promotion for AIDS Prevention in the
Developing World: Is It Working?" Studies in Family Planning, March 2004.
[46] Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). Country-by-country
HIV/AIDS statistics can be accessed
http://www.unaids.org/en/Regions_Countries/Countries/default.asp.
[47] Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). "United States of
America: Epidemiological Fact Sheet on HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted
Diseases," 2004 Update.
[48] C. Hermann, E.C. Green, J. Chin, M. Taguiwalo, and C. Cortez. "Evaluation of the
Philippines AIDS Surveillance and Education Project." USAID/Philippines, May 8,
2001.
[49] Poster by `Catholics' for a Free Choice (CFFC) entitled "Abstinence Has a High
Failure Rate: Good Catholics Use Condoms." Downloaded from the Web site of CFFC
at http://www.condoms4life.org/images/image2.htm.
[50] Some examples of this thinking from ages past;
"Chastity cannot be a virtue because it is not a natural state" [Dr. Harry

Benjamin, endocrinologist and Kinsey advocate, in the Introduction to pedophile
Rene Guyon's book Sexual Ethics, 1948].
"Our alternative solution is to be ready as educators and parents to help young
people obtain sex satisfaction before marriage. By sanctioning sex before
marriage, we will prevent fear and guilt. We must also relieve those who have
them of their fears and guilt feelings, and we must be ready to provide young
boys and girls with the best contraception measures available so they will have
the necessary means to achieve sexual satisfaction without having to risk possible
pregnancy. We owe this to them" [Dr. Lena Levine. "Psychosexual
Development." Planned Parenthood News, Summer 1953, page 10.
"The adolescent years are, among other things, for learning how to integrate sex
usefully and creatively into daily living. Therefore, we must accept that
adolescent sexual experimentation is not just inevitable, but actually necessary
for normal development. ... The adolescent years are, among other things, for
learning how to integrate sex usefully and creatively into daily living. Sexual
experimentation is a moral and appropriate decision for adolescents ... I advocate
discussion of it [sex], so young people know they have choices beginning with
masturbation, of course, and petting to climax and mutual orgasm before moving
on to intercourse. ... An extramarital affair that's really solid might have a very
good result" [Mary Steichen Calderone, M.D., founder of the Sexuality
Information and Education Council of the United States (SIECUS) and its
President from 1964 to 1982, Medical Director of Planned Parenthood/World
Population (PP/WP) from 1982 to 1993, and President of Physicians for Social
Responsibility (PSR). Quoted in "Woman Favors Sex Testing by Adolescents."
Minneapolis Tribune, October 13, 1965, and "An Interview With Mary
Calderone." Playboy Magazine, April 1970].
"No religious views, no moral standards, are to deflect the child from the
overriding purposes of self-discovery, self-assertion, and self-gratification"
[Planned Parenthood Sex Education and Mental Health Report, 1979].
"FIRST PRIZE: A Solid Gold Condom: "From using a condom you will
learn/No deposit means no return." SECOND PRIZE: A Bronzed Wallet with
Circular [Condom] Indentation: "Rubberizing copulation/Puts a cap on
population." THIRD PRIZE: A Gross of Condoms (144) for the Night of Your
Life: "When you rise ... Condomize." FINALISTS. "Twins are bad, triplets
worse/Use a condom, safety first!" "Rubbers are jolly, rubbers are fun/Better to
use one than end up a mum"" [Winners of the Population Institute's "Condom
Couplet Contest," announced on "Condom Day," February 20, 1978. Described
in the National Alliance for Optional Parenthood's "Searching for Alternatives to
Teenage Pregnancy," 1980].
"We are not going to be an organization promoting celibacy or chastity" [Faye
Wattleton, former President of the Planned Parenthood Federation of America
(PPFA), quoted in the Los Angeles Times, October 17, 1986, page V-1.
"God knew when he made us that he has given us a built-in sex drive to go out
and sow our seeds. He has given us promiscuous genes. I think it would be
wrong for the church to condemn people who have followed their instincts"
[Richard Holloway, the Anglican Bishop of Edinburgh, quoted in "The Edge:
The Quotebag," The Oregonian, June 26, 1995, page C1.
"The big lie is that it's easy to be monogamous, and that everybody is. If you
believe that, you'd better choose well. We can't go back to the values we had
because they don't exist anymore. For the most part, women are not virgins
anymore, so to teach virginity doesn't work" [Carol Cassell, former Director of
Education for the Planned Parenthood Federation of America (PPFA) and Past
President of the American Association of Sex Educators, Counselors and
Therapists (AASECT). Family Life Educator, Fall 1987, page 19, also quoted in
Focus on the Family Citizen, December 1989].
[51] Allan Parachini. "Condom Industry Seeking Limits on U.S. Study." Los Angeles
Times, August 28, 1987. The article also states that "Among other things, the association
[the Health Industry Manufacturers Association, which is the condom industry's trade
group] has insisted to federal funding officials that the research rely solely on testing
standards established by condom makers, that condom companies be allowed to supply
all prophylactics to be tested, and that only products currently sold in the United States
be studied ... The documents indicate that the attempt to force major modifications in the
condom study was apparently motivated by industry concerns that the research might
conclude that no American-made condom is currently able to consistently prevent the
spread of HIV."
[52] Lothrop Stoddard, Ph.D. The Rising Tide of Color Against White WorldSupremacy. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1921. Reprinted in 1971 by Negro
Universities Press, Westport, Connecticut. Pages i, 8, 9, 90, 231, 298, 301, 302, 308, and
309 in the reprinted version.
[53] "Abstinence, Condom Controversy Erupts at AIDS Meet." Reuters, July 12, 2004.
[54] D. Kristof. "The Secret War on Condoms," available
http://www.condoms4life.org/images/image2.htm
[55] "Abstinence Row Overshadows AIDS Day." Daily Dispatch (South Africa),
November 30, 2004.
[56] "World AIDS Day: Condom Restrictions Cost Lives." Human Rights Watch.
[57] "Ugandan Anti-AIDS Activist Demands UN Fire Lewis For Pushing Condoms."
LifeSite Daily News at http://www.lifesite.net/, September 7, 2005.
[58] "Mandela, Clinton Close Barcelona Conference, Urging More Action." UNWire,
July 12, 2002, available http://www.unwire.org/unwire/20020712/27624_story.asp.
[59] Edward C. Green, quoted in The Boston Globe and in "United Nations Report Says
Condoms Fail to Protect Against AIDS 10% of the Time."
http://www.lifesite.net/ldn/2003/jun/030623.html LifeSite Daily News, June 23, 2003.
[60] Letter entitled "Sound Medical Advice," by William V. Fitzsimmons, M.D. Fidelity
Magazine, April 1987, pages 11 and 12.
[61] Don Feder. "CDC Opts to Wage Its Own Trojan War." The Boston Herald, August
19, 1993; Kentucky Citizen's Digest, January/February 1993, pages 4 and 5.
[62] Susan Weller, associate professor of Preventive Medicine and Community Health at
the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galvestion, quoted in Jo Ann Zuniga.
"Study: Condoms Don't Eliminate Spread of HIV." The San Juan Star, June 18, 1993.l
Recommended Reading on Condoms.
(1) [In]effectiveness of Condoms.
Joel Mclhaney, M.D., Medical Institute for Sexual Health [MISH]. "Condom
Effectiveness." This is probably the best summary of studies on the
ineffectiveness of the latex condom that exists on the Internet today.
American Life League (ALL). "The Flawed Condom." 2002, 4 pages. An
excellent and short summary of the critical issues surrounding condom use -failure rates, permeability, and efforts to coverup the high failure rate of the
condom.
The Culture of Life Foundation & Institute. "Condom Effectiveness Summary."
A very good overview of the issues surrounding the ineffectiveness of condoms.
http://www.altheal.org/overview/condoms.htm for the article.
Medical Institute for Sexual Health [MISH]. "Frequently Asked Questions." A
superb summary of all of the issues surrounding the STDs epidemics, including
the impact of teen sexual activity, the ineffectiveness of condoms, and the types
and frequencies of STDs.
http://www.medinstitute.org/health/questions_answers.html#listitem1766%11%2
07467 for the questions.
Jane Jiminez. "All the Condoms in the World." Agape Press, February 16,
2004. A thoughtful essay on the only realistic method to stop the AIDS epidemic
-- chastity! http://headlines.agapepress.org/archive/2/162005jj.asp for the article.
Jane Jiminez. "Condoms: Context Counts." Agape Press, January 11, 2005.
When considering how "effective" condoms are, remember that tests are carried
out in sterile and perfect laboratory conditions, not in messy, uncontrolled,
disease-saturated real-life conditions. In other words, the actual failure rate of
condoms is much higher than they tell you.
http://headlines.agapepress.org/archive/1/112005jj.asp for the article.
(2) Catholic Church Teachings on Condoms.
Alfonso Cardinal Lopez Trujillo, President of the Pontifical Council for the
Family. "Family Values Versus Safe Sex." December 1, 2003. This is the best
and most complete summary of the Church's teachings on all issues surrounding
the condom debate, to include condom failure, the morality of AIDS sufferers
using condoms, the right to truly complete information on condoms, and the need
to rediscover responsible sexual behavior.
http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/family/documents/rc_pc_
family_doc_20031201_family%11%20values%11%20safe%11%20sex
%11%20trujillo_en.html for the essay.
Monsignor Jacques Suaudeau, M.D. "Stopping the Spread of HIV/AIDS." A
wonderful essay that addresses the Church's caring for AIDS patients from the
very beginning of the epidemic, the fact that the family alone, if properly
configured, prevents STDs, and that condoms will add to the problem, not detract
from it.
Michael Cook. "Was Karol Wojtyla the Greatest Mass Murderer of the 20th
Century?" Tech Central Station, June 10, 2005. A wonderful summary of the
ridiculous charges made against Pope John Paul II because he would not condone
the use of condoms, and a coherent and succinct reply to these charges.
Especially riveting is the proven fact that AIDS incidence is inversely
proportional to the number of Catholics in African countries.
http://www.tcsdaily.com/article.aspx-id=061005D for the article.
"What Does the Church Teach About Birth Control?" Couple to Couple League
International (CCLI), 1981. This is a concise and complete summary of the
teachings of the Catholic Church about all methods of birth control, both
contraceptive and abortifacient.
http://www.ewtn.com/library/MARRIAGE/CCLBC.TXT for the article.
"Vatican Message for the World Day Against AIDS." December 1, 2005. A
concise summary of Catholic teachings about AIDS.
http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/hlthwork/documents/rc_p
c_hlthwork_doc_20051201_giornata%11%20aids_en.html for the message.
Amin Abboud. "Letter: Searching for Papal Scapegoats is Pointless." British
Medical Journal, July 30, 2005, page 294. A doctor mounts a strong defense of
the teachings of Pope John Paul II and Pope Benedict XIV.
http://www.bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/extract/331/7511/294" for the
article.
Hilary White. "South African Bishop Calls for Catholic "Theology" of Condoms
for AIDS." LifeSite Daily News, November 15, 2005. Renegade bishop Kevin
Dowling of the Rustenberg Diocese condemns Catholic teaching on the sanctity
of marriage and sexual self-control as "death-dealing," but, like all other condom
pushers, his statements are wildly inconsistent and illogical.
http://www.lifesite.net/ldn/2005/nov/05111507.html for the article.
"Condom Conundrums: Evidence Shows Wisdom of Catholic Doctrine."
ZENIT News Service, September 24, 2005. 3 pages, PDF document. This is an
excellent summary of the issues surrounding condom distribution in Uganda,
including the fact that men given condoms immediately began to have more
sexual partners. http://www.zenit.org/ for the article.
"Doubts About Condoms: Science Questioning Their Efficacy in Halting
HIV/AIDS." Zenit News Service, June 26, 2004. Medical journals show the
wisdom of Catholic teaching regarding condoms, abstinence and AIDS.
http://www.zenit.org/english/visualizza.phtml-sid=55945 for the article.
(3) Africa and AIDS.
Joseph Loconte. "The White House Initiative to Combat AIDS: Learning from
Uganda." The Heritage Foundation's Executive Summary Backgrounder #1692,
September 29, 2003. 18 pages, PDF document. This is the most complete
description of all of the details of Uganda's ABC program, and is a must-read for
all who are concerned about the African AIDS epidemic.
http://www.heritage.org/research/africa/bg1692.cfm for the article.
Douglas Sylva. "Sacrificing Humans to the Condom Gods." TheFactIs.org,
2005. An excellent summary of myths generated by population controllers and
condom pushers in Uganda. These include the myth that condoms were
responsible for the Ugandan success in reducing AIDS, that religion has no place
in this situation, and that women must be freed from marriage even more than
they must be freed from prostitition.
Erin Curry. "USAID Accused of Human Rights Abuse for Burying Harvard
Prof's Abstinence Research." Baptist Press at http://www.bpnews.net/, February
15, 2005. Liberal secularist and Harvard professor Edward Green wrote a report
for USAID showing that condoms are ineffective at stopping the spread of AIDS
in Africa. So USAID suppressed the results of Green's study, and, in fact, hired a
well-known condom advocate to redo the study in order to arrive at the results
the organization wanted i.e., that condoms are necessary to stop AIDS.
http://www.sbcbaptistpress.org/bpnews.asp-ID=20146 for the article.
Testimony of Edward C. Green, PhD, Senior Research Scientist, Harvard Center
for Population and Development Studies, Before the African Subcommittee of
the United States Senate, May 19, 2003.
http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/hcpds/documents/Senate%20Testimony
%20rev2.pdf for Dr. Green's testimony.
Michael Carter. "Uganda's Success Against HIV Due to Abstinence, Behaviour
Change and Community, not Condoms." AIDSMap News, April 30, 2004.
http://www.aidsmap.com/en/news/ED007047%11%200E93%11%204964%11%
209FBA%11%20AA887D42817E.asp for the article.
Chuck Colson. "Much-Needed Honesty: Africa and AIDS." BreakPoint, July 7,
2005. An essay on human nature, condoms and AIDS in Mozambique.
Michael Cook. ""This Should Have Been Anthropology 101:" Quiet
Breakthroughs in Africa's War on AIDS." Tech Central Station. December 27,
2004. This is a superb summary of the Ugandan ABC program and its history.
Highly recommended. http://www.tcsdaily.com/article.aspx-id=122704X for the
article.
Steve Jordahl. "Ugandan Abstinence Too Successful, Say Some." Family News
in Focus [Focus on the Family]. August 2, 2005. Pro-condom activists make the
idiotic allegation that abstinence in Uganda is so successful that there will soon
be a population crash.
"Ugandan Anti-AIDS Activist Demands UN Fire Lewis For Pushing Condoms."
LifeSite Daily News at http://www.lifesite.ne/, September 7, 2005.
http://www.lifesite.net/ldn/2005/sep/050907.html for the article.
Kerry L. Marsala. "Pass the Condoms and Let's Forget Ideology." July 19,
2004. Despite the name of the article, it is a superb defense of President
Museveni of Uganda and the Bush Administration's emphasis on AIDS
prevention by abstinence and faithfulness.
http://www.enterstageright.com/archive/articles/0704/0704condoms.htm for the
article.
Candi Cushman. "A Republican Sex Scandal." Citizen Magazine [Focus on the
Family], January 2006. How Republican senators and pro-abortion groups are
attempting to undermine President Bush's abstinence-based anti-AIDS programs,
in Uganda and elsewhere.
Address by Her Excellency Janet K. Museveni, First Lady of the Republic of
Uganda. "Common Ground: A Shared Vision for Health." Conference hosted
by The Medical Institute for Sexual Health [MISH], Washington, DC, June 1719, 2004. http://www.medinstitute.org/includes/downloads/museveni.pdf%20for
%20the%20address.
Mary Rettig. "AIDS Researcher: European and U.N. Anti-Abstinence Bias Will
Cost Lives." Agape Press, December 13, 2005.
http://headlines.agapepress.org/archive/12/132005a.asp for the article.
"UN Program Rejects Abstinence Group for Criticizing Condoms." Friday FAX
(Catholic Family and Human Rights Institute (C-FAM)), September 1, 2005

[Volume 8, Number 37]. Nigeria's Action Family Foundation was denied
admittance to a United Nations volunteer program. One of the criteria for
admittance is that organizations must not be critical of any aspect of the ABC
program. But, of course, the U.N. readily admits to the program groups that are
highly critical of abstinence.
(4) Population Control and Condoms.
Joseph A. D'Agostino. "UNAIDS and UNFPA Want More of the Same for
Asia." Population Research Institute's Weekly Briefing, July 28, 2005 [Volume
7, Number 29]. Population control groups, instead of spreading effective
programs from Uganda and the Philippines, want to impose ineffective programs
of sex education and condoms on these nations. http://www.pop.org/main.cfmid=243&r1=2.00&r2=1.50&r3=0.04&r4=0.00&level=3&eid=841 for the article.
"United Nations's Cartoon Condoms: Global Body Unveils Shaft, Stretch and
Dick in TV Ads Pushing AIDS Prevention Message." WorldNetDaily, January
13, 2005. In its relentless push of programs that have proven to be ineffective,
the United Nations puts together twenty obscene public service announcements
featuring three animated condoms.
http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp-ARTICLE_ID=42353 for the
article.
James K. Glassman. "The Phony Abstinence Complaint." Tech Central Station.
August 20, 2004. Celebrities at the July 2004 Bangkok conference on AIDS
condemn the United States for not pushing condoms more.
http://www.tcsdaily.com/article.aspx-id=082004G%20for the article.
Human Life International - 4 Family Life Lane - Front Royal, VA 22630 U.S.A. Phone: - Fax: - E-Mail: hli@hli.org
Copyright 2010 Human Life International, Inc. All rights reserved.
http://www.hli.org/index.php/about/hli-programs/320?task=view

Clowes Brian - Case Against Condoms Death by Latex

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Case Against Condoms: Death

Introduction: Basic Concepts.

The Underlying Problem. It is common knowledge among health professionals that

pregnancy and an exploding AIDS epidemic?

Definition of Terms. The book Contraceptive Technology is the most authoritative

conditions of use, and includes user error.

Condoms break and slip off;

The Primary Danger -- Not Pores, But Catastrophic Failure.

"Counting on condoms is flirting with death."

Overview. Although latex condoms appear to occasionally be permeable to the

Total Breakage Slippage

10. North Carolina #2

11. North Carolina #3

12. North Carolina #4

13. North Carolina #5

15. New Zealand

Average slippage rate of all condoms:

Total failure rate of all condoms:

According to Contraceptive Technology, the condom's user effectiveness rate is 85

United States annually!

ineffective at preventing AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases.

"After reviewing the extensive literature on contraception, some variation in results is

"Dr. Richard Gordon, International AIDS Conference presenter and University of

Experts Speak on the Ineffectiveness of the Condom

creates a dangerous false sense of security. We consider it irresponsible to suggest to

120 nanometers in diameter (1 nanometer = one billionth of a meter).[20]

Condoms and Leakage.

The Primary Point to Remember. There is a lot of debate in the pro-life

Pro-lifers should not allow themselves to be dragged into a long, drawn-out

An Engineering Analysis of an SEM Image. Point (2) above is repeatedly used by

Condoms and the Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases.

consequences if left untreated, including sterility, pelvic abscesses and severe

Teenagers and Condoms.

Rebuttal by the Alan Guttmacher Institute. An article in the Alan Guttmacher

International Case Studies Showing Condom Ineffectiveness Against HIV/AIDS.

the spread of HIV/AIDS. Contrary to all expectations, young Ugandans widely

Adults and Children Living with HIV

AIDS Deaths in 2003

`Abstinence has a High Failure Rate.' Pro-condom groups often denigrate

Lying in Order to Sell Condoms. Edward C. Green, a senior research scientist at

Conclusion: Of Parachutes and Prophylactics.

Contraception, 1997;56:17.21 (events of breakage and slippage were unambiguously not

(13) North Carolina #5 -- Study of North Carolina Local Recruits.

"Chastity cannot be a virtue because it is not a natural state" [Dr. Harry

Recommended Reading on Condoms.

(1) [In]effectiveness of Condoms.

(2) Catholic Church Teachings on Condoms.

(3) Africa and AIDS.

(Catholic Family and Human Rights Institute (C-FAM)), September 1, 2005

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