Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Characteristics and
and Various
Various Applications
Applications
of
of
Vanadium
Vanadium Redox-Flow
Redox-Flow Battery
Battery (VRB)
(VRB)
Background of the Development
Principle
Characteristics
Various Applications
Vanadium
Vanadium Redox
Redox Flow
Flow Battery
Battery Development
Development Program
Program
Year
85-90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01
Cell
Stack
10kW
10kW
Fe-Cr
Module
Scale up
Field
Test
Sales
60kW
60kW
V-V
450kW
450kW
Advanced
Design
20kW
20kW MW
MW
Start
Start
Principle
Principle of
of Vanadium
VanadiumRedox
Redox Flow
Flow Battery
Battery
Generator
Load
Charge
Discharge
AC / DC
+
Cell
V5+/ V4+
V2+/ V3+
e-
Electrolyte
Tank
Electrolyte
Tank
Electrode Membrane
Pump
V4+
V3+
e-
e-
V5+
V2+
Pump
e-
Construction
Construction of
of Cell
Cell Stack
Stack
Frame
Electrode Ion Exchange Bipolar Plate
(PVC) (Carbon Felt) Membrane (Carbon Plastic)
Components of a cell
Characteristic
Characteristic Advantage
Advantage of
of VRB
VRB
1. High-rate Overload Capacity
2. Quick Response
UPS,
LFC
Stabilization of Wind
Turbine Output
Load Leveling
Various
Various Applications
Applications of
of VRB
VRB
1. Load Leveling
2. UPS
3. Storage and Stabilization of Photovoltaic and
Wind-Generated Electricity
4. Power Quality Control
Load Frequency Control (LFC)
Spinning Reserve
Stabilization of Flicker
VRB
VRB Projects
Projects in
in Japan
Japan
Awarded Projects
Place
Office building
Applications
Load leveling
(Demonstration)
Specifications
100kW x 8h
Start of
operation
2000/02
Semi-conductor
factory
Load leveling
(Photovoltaic hybrid system)
30kW x 8h
2001/04
Application
Application to
to Office
Office Building
Building
Capacity
100kW-8h
Place
SEM, Osaka
Start of operation
February 2000
350 ft3 x 4
AC/DC Converter
Electrolyte Tanks
Cell Stacks
(Rubber Tanks)
BF1
Underground
Cistern
Carrying
Carrying Rubber
Rubber Tank
Tank to
to Manhole
Manhole
Rubber Tank
Manhole
Load-Leveling
Load-Leveling Operation
Operation of
of 100kW
100kW VRB
VRB
Power (kW)
700
Before load-leveling by VRB
600
500
400
300
200
Charged power
Discharged power
100
0
-100
-200
Charge
20
22
Discharge
4
Time
10
12
14
16
18
20
Application
Application to
to Semi-Conductor
Semi-Conductor Factory
Factory
Specifications
Specifications
Function
Purpose
Output
Operation
Protection of
Important Load
At the Occurrence
of Voltage Sag
Reduction of
Electricity Charge
1.5MW x 1hour
Everyday
System
System Layout
Layout
5 - 20 times /year
Battery Controller
2nd Floor
9.8 ft
1st Floor
39 ft
Electrolyte Tank
17 ft
Approx. 39 ft98 ft
Operation
Operation Sequence
Sequence
Load leveling (Normal operation)
Charge
Charge
Voltage
Voltage sag
sag protection
protection
Grid system
Rectifier
UPS function
~
Inverter
Inverter
Rectifier
Load
AC/DC
DC/AC
Load
AC/DC
DC/AC
VRB
VRB
Discharge
Discharge
Grid system
Rectifier
Voltage Sag
Inverter
Load
AC/DC
DC/AC
VRB
Grid
System
6.6kV
Load
6.6kV
Application
Application to
to Wind
Wind Power
Power Station
Station
(NEDO
(NEDO Project)
Project)
Purpose - Field test for stabilizing
Commission
Order
of output
NEDO
IAE
SEI
Spec. - 170kW6h
(The Institute of
Applied Energy)
Stabilized
Output
WT
Output
Power System
WT
Discharge
During decrease
in WT output
AC
DC
Charge
During increase
in WT output
VRB
01/4/F ~ 9/E Field test
~ 02/2/E
Data analysis
Appearance
Appearance of
of VRB
VRB and
and Wind
Wind Turbine
Turbine
Place : Tomari Wind Hills of Hokkaido Electric Power Co.,Inc.
Wind Turbine : 250 kW
VRB : 170 kW-6h
Control Room
of WT System
Wind Turbine
House for
VRB
VRB
VRB Equipment
Equipment
Battery
Battery Cubicle
Cubicle
AC/DC
AC/DC Converter
Converter
Electrolyte
Electrolyte Tank
Tank
Field
Field Test
Test for
for Stabilization
Stabilization of
of WT
WT Output
Output
<Operation Outline>
Output
WT output
VRB output at tm
(Discharge)
tm
(tm -t)
t
VRB output at tn
(Charge)
Average of
Target of total WT output
=
output at tn
[( n-t) ~ tn]
tn
(tn -t)
Time
t
t : 8 seconds ~ 8hours
Example
Example of
of Simulation
Simulation Results
Results for
for
Stabilization
Stabilization of
of WT
WT Output
Output
300
WT output
Target of
total output
Output kW
200
100
-100
VRB output
-200
0:00
(+ : Discharge, - : Charge)
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
Time
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
t : 15 minutes
Field
Field Test
Test for
for Effective
Effective Utilization
Utilization of
of WT
WT Output
Output
Output (kW)
<Method>
VRB is charged by WT output when demand is low, and
VRB is discharged when demand is high.
<Operation>
Target of total output is set up considering the demand in advance.
VRB output = Target of total output - WT output
<Example of simulation results>
Simulation result
300
200
(WT 300kW,
VRB 200kW)
Target of
total output
WT output
100
0
-100
-200
VRB output
(+ : Discharge, - : Charge)
Time
Application
Application to
to Golf
Golf Course
Course
(Hybrid
(HybridSystem
Systemof
ofVRB
VRBand
andPhotovoltaic
PhotovoltaicGeneration
GenerationSystem)
System)
<Specifications>
<Specifications>
<System
<System Diagram>
Diagram>
Power System
Surplus Power
Rectifier
30kW8h
DC Load
Chopper
<Schedule>
<Schedule>
Operation First of April 2001
Solar
Cells
VRB
Battery
Cubicle
Electrolyte
Tank
Converter
Solar Cells
Solar
Cells
Power
Power Quality
Quality Control
Control
Purpose
1. Load Frequency Control (LFC)
2. Spinning Reserve
3. Stabilization of Flicker
Presentation in IEEE PES Winter Meeting (01/1/28~01/2/1)
by Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc.
Basic data collected by the experiment of 1kW (1kWh) VRB.
Simulation results of VRB utilization for power quality.