ArabicL Version1.1

Trying to
understa
nd the
Arabic
Language
Contents
Preface and About the Author.................................................................................... 3
Note to the Reader..................................................................................................... 4
Tanveen...................................................................................................................... 6
No word for 'a' and 'an'............................................................................................... 7
Indefinite Noun and Definite Noun............................................................................. 7
Sun letters and Moon Letters.................................................................................... 10
Marfoun, Mansoob and Majroor................................................................................ 11
By default a noun will always be
.....................................................................13
Feminine gender Nouns............................................................................................ 14
Part of body with pairs are feminine.........................................................................16
Parts of speech in the Arabic language....................................................................16
Triptotes and Diptotes.............................................................................................. 18
Endings of Diptotes are Fataha in case of

and
....................................21

First two categories of Diptotes................................................................................22
6 Detached personal pronouns................................................................................. 24
Prepositions, heavily used topic in Quran.................................................................27
Behavior of Diptote with Preposition........................................................................30
Prepositions when with Pronouns............................................................................. 31
Vocative Harmony, Jaar Majroor case of for preposition with attached pronoun. . .33
Jaar Majroor with other attached personal pronouns................................................35
.............................................................................................. 38

......................................................................................................... 40
The difference between "Book of a student" and "Book of the student"..................43
Examples of Muzaaf Muzaaf iliahi............................................................................. 45
Muzaaf Muzaaf ilaihi with pronouns..........................................................................46
Understanding Ya-Mutakallim................................................................................... 48
Explaining Preposition + pronoun = jaar majroor, Noun + pronoun = Muzaaf Muzaaf
ilaihi.......................................................................................................................... 49
Preposition before Muzaaf Muzaaf ilaihi...................................................................50
Adverbs.................................................................................................................... 51

.......................................................................................................... 53
Demonstrative Pronouns.......................................................................................... 54
Relative Pronouns..................................................................................................... 56
Particle of Conjunction (

) ...........................................................................57
Effect of conjunction on subsequent words (nouns)..............................................57
Chain of Muzaaf Muzaaf ilaihi................................................................................... 59
Concept of Mabni...................................................................................................... 61
Learning 14 Personal Pronouns.................................................................................63
Jaar Majroor with 14 pronouns..................................................................................67
Muzaaf Muzaaf ilaihi with 14 pronouns.....................................................................68
No corresponding word for the English word it.......................................................69
Introduction to Arabic Plurals................................................................................... 70
Sound Masculine Plurals........................................................................................... 71
Sound Feminine Plurals............................................................................................ 73
Broken Plurals........................................................................................................... 74
All the broken plurals are treated as feminine singular............................................76
Duals........................................................................................................................ 77
Adjectives................................................................................................................. 78
No Arabic word for is.............................................................................................. 81
Introduction to Nominal sentence............................................................................82
Subject (
) is always ................................................................................83
Difference between a Sentence (

) ................................85
) and a phrase (

5 types of Predicate (
) ......................................................................................... 86
One word predicate.................................................................................................. 87

comes in the position of subject or predicate..................................89
Prepositional phrase as a predicate (
( ) second type).........................................90
Adverbial phrase as a predicate (
( ) third type)..................................................91
Khabar can come before in nominal sentence..........................................................93
Nominal sentence as Predicate (fourth type)...........................................................94
Verbal sentence as Predicate (fifth type)..................................................................97
Difference between "This book" and "This is a book"...............................................97
Vocative particle .................................................................................................. 99
and ).............................................................................. 103

Interrogative particle (
Adding Emphasis to the sentence by ..................................................................105
, the particle of emphasis and Nasbin...............................................................106
when joins with 14 pronouns............................................................................109

Ladder slider game of
and ............................................................................ 111
Triple emphasis....................................................................................................... 112
Sisters of
............................................................................................................ 113
Preface and About the

Author
The author of this book is a student
of knowledge like many others. He
is working for Saudi Telecom
Company in Saudi Arabia. He has
attempted to put together his
understanding for learning the

Arabic language, explaining the
ocean with a drop of water. This
work happened only through the
kind mercy of Allah. Let Allah
Accept this work by his mercy.
Aameen
There is no copyright for this book.
Anyone
can
use
it
for
learning/teaching/spreading
the
Arabic language.
Any mistake in this work is from the
author himself (write to the below
email for corrections) and any good
in this work is from Allah.
Author
Mohammed Aijaz Mohiuddin
waseem_aijaz@yahoo.com
Note to the Reader

This is not a tajweed book, but it
is a book to understand the
grammar
of
the
Arabic
language.
Reader
should
have
some
knowledge of Arabic terminology
(Tanveen, Dammah, Kathra, etc).
Reader of this book should know
how to read Quran with or
without tajweed.
Reader of this book should have
a good copy of Quran (hardcopy
or any software) with him, as
homeworks of this book refer to

the Quran.
Quran (15:18:1) represents the
Para (Juzz) # 15, chapter # 18,
and verse # 1.
Terminologies like Pesh for
Dhammah, Zabar for Fatah, Zair
for Kathrah has been used
interchangeably to cover both
Western and Eastern (Asian
countries) readers.
Reader of this book should try to
write the Arabic text used in this
book
for
better
learning/understanding,
if
possible.
Tanveen
The tanveen is a symbol that
comes on the ending letters of
Arabic nouns. Tanveen can be
double Dhammah ( ), or double
Fathah ( )or double Kathrah ().
Consider a letter . Tanveen on this
letter can take the form: ( Dun),
(Dan), ( Din). These forms are
used depending on the situation,
which we will learn in upcoming
topics.
Examples:
book)
Exercises
,
( A
,
1) State TRUE or FALSE:

word

( The wall) ends
tanveen.
word ( a treasure) ends
tanveen.
word
( A
story
remembrance)
ends
tanveen.
The
with
The
with
The
or
with
No word for 'a' and 'an'

In the Arabic language, there is no
equal word for English words 'a'
and 'an'. Then how can we say "a
book" ? It has to be said with
tanveen. This tanveen has hidden
'a' and 'an'.
Examples:
( A book),
( A
pen),
( An orphan)
Exercises
1) State TRUE or FALSE: The
word

means a wall.
word means a treasure.
word

( A word) has hidden
a.
Indefinite Noun and Definite

Noun
The noun in Arabic is termed as
. The nouns in Arabic can be

Indefinite or definite. Indefinite
nouns ends with tanveen. If it is
definite noun then the noun is
preceded by . In English this

means "The". When you put
then tanveen will be dropped and it
will only have single vowel sign
(single pesh, single zabar or single
Zair). Tanveen and cannot coexist together. See the examples
below.
Indefinite Noun Examples:
( A book),
( A pen)
Definite Noun Examples:
( the pen)
( the book),

Exercises
1) State TRUE or FALSE: Read
the verse Quran (15:18:34). The
word
( fruit) is an indefinite
noun.
word
(an unjust person) is

an indefinite noun.

word
( The money, The
property) is an indefinite noun.
word

( The ship) is a
definite noun.
word

( The wall) is a
definite noun.
will not be preceded with

person names nouns
All the person name nouns are
definite by default. Let us take a
person name,

. We dont need
to put in front of it. So it is
wrong to say

. They are also
termed as proper nouns.
Examples:

, etc.

,
,
Exercises
is
a person name. So it is wrong to
.
say

( A
cave) is not a person name. So it
is correct to say
( The
cave).

( A
town) is a person name.
Sun letters and Moon Letters

In the Arabic language the
alphabets (or letters) are divided
into two categories namely: the
Sun letters and the Moon letters. If
those are memorized then well and
good, otherwise the student will
learn them automatically as the
time goes.
The rule is that any noun that
starts with sun letters and if Al is
attached to it (for making it

definite) then of will not be
read and it is silent (assimilated).
The first letter of such word will get
Tashdeed ().
Any noun that starts with Moon
letter and if Al is attached to it
(for making it definite) then of
will be read and it will not be
silent.
Sun Letters
Example

Moon Letters

Example

Exercises
1) Read
the
verse
Quran
(15:18:11). Why we pronounce
the of in the word
?
is pronounced for the word
of

because the letter is a
Moon letter.
for the word with
of
meaning The ship is silent
because the first letter of the

word is a Sun letter.
Marfoun, Mansoob and

Majroor
In the Arabic language every noun
declines. It means that it will have
different forms in nominative,
accusative and genitive cases.
These English terms seems to be
complex, but they are not. No need
to worry about these terms. See
below example
(

Nominative case,
)
Meaning: A book
(

) Accusative case,

Meaning: A book
(

)

Meaning: A book
Genitive
case,
(

Nominative case,
)
Meaning: The book
(

Accusative case,
)

Meaning: The book
(

)
Genitive
Meaning: The book
case,
Forms in these three different

cases will be used based on the
situation and this will be learned
further.
Exercises
1) Read
the
verse
Quran
(15:18:9) carefully. What is the
case (

,
,
) for

the word with meaning The
cave ?
2) Read
the
verse
Quran
(15:18:54). What is the case (

,
,
) for the

word
with
meaning
The
Quran ?
3) Read
the
verse
Quran

,
,
) for the

word
with
meaning
The
Shaitaan ?
4) Read
the
verse
Quran

,
,
) for the

word
( The sea) ?

case of the word
( Patient) is
By default a noun will always

be

The default case of all the Arabic

nouns is nominative case ((

.
The case will change if it is affected
by any grammatical rule. We will
learn as we go further.
Examples
C
as
e Noun
Exercises
)

( The Sea

(Fish
Worshipp
(er
)
( Severe

word ( a son) is
.
2) State TRUE or FALSE: All the
Arabic nouns by default exist in
the

case.


( the sun) is not the
word

case.
Feminine gender Nouns

Arabic is very gender specific
language.
Noun
for
feminine
gender ends with . The noun for
the masculine doctor is
. To
make it for the feminine doctor,
should be added at the end. So the
noun will be
. So most of the
nouns
having
this will
be
feminine nouns. Below are the few
more examples.
Mea No
ning un
Exercises

The
ship

The
rock
Para
dise

1) Read the Quran (15:18:5).

Does this verse has any noun
with feminine gender ?
2) Read the Quran (15:18:7).
Does this verse has any noun
with feminine gender ?
the Quran (15:18:10). The first
feminine gender noun in this
verse is
.

the Quran (15:18:17). The
feminine gender noun
( A
middle area) is

.
the Quran (15:18:19). The noun

( The town) is feminine.
Part of body with pairs are

feminine
The parts of the body
two in numbers (i.e.
eyes, ears, hands,
feminine though they
with ( the round ta).
Eyes,

Ears,

which
pairs)
legs
dont
are
like
are
end
Hands,

Legs,

The above nouns are feminine in
nature.
Parts of speech in the Arabic
language
English language has 8 parts of
speech namely: Noun, Pronoun,
adjective,
preposition,
verb,
adverb,
conjunction
and
interjection.
But the Arabic language has only 3
parts of speech. Those are Noun,
Verb and Particle. These 3 parts of
speech of arabic language covers
all the parts of speech of english

language as per the below table.
Arabic
Verb Particle
(
)
Noun (

)
( )

Arabic
Arabic
Noun
Particle
covers the
includes
below parts
preposition
of
speech
and
from
conjunction.
English.
Verb
=
Preposition

Noun =
=

Pronoun =
Conjunction
Adjective=

Adverb
=

Interjection
=

Exercises
Arabic noun (
) includes the

English
nouns,
pronouns,
adjectives,
adverbs
and
interjections.
2) State TRUE or FALSE: In
) is
Arabic language the verb (
a particle.
3) State
TRUE
or
FALSE:
Prepositions and conjunctions
are treated as particles (

) in
the Arabic language.
Triptotes and Diptotes

This is very important topic. Nouns
in Arabic are categorized in
Triptotes and Diptotes based on the
complete or partial declension of
nouns.
Complete declension noun comes
up with all the nominative (

) ,
accusative (

) and genitive (

with
corresponding

)
tanveens (two Dammah, two
fatah, two kathrah).
Triptote Examples
Examp
les of
Triptot
es
Cas
e
Mar
fou
n
Ma
nso
ob
Maj
roo
r
Partial declension noun comes up

( with all the nominative

),
( accusative

( ) and genitive

) without tanveen. Instead
they will have single Dammah for
nominative (

) case and single
Fathah for accusative (

) and

genitive (

) cases respectively.
Diptote Examples
Cas
e
Mar
foun
Man
soo
b
Majr
oor
Examples
of
Diptotes

Observe the endings in the end of

above nouns. They dont end with
tanveens.
Exercises
( A bracelets) is a
word
diptote.
the verse Quran (16:18:106).
The word
( hell) is a diptote.

words

and

are not
diptotes.
word
( A man) is a triptote.

word

( An hour) is a triptote.
Endings of Diptotes are

Fataha in case of
and

In the last session we have learnt

triptotes and diptotes. For its
importance, it is to note once again
that the endings of Diptotes in case
of
and
form are

Fataha (i.e, Zabar). See examples
again and observe below the
underlined words.
Cas Examples
of
e
Diptotes
Mar

foun
Man
soo

b

Majr

oor

Exercises
ending of a diptote noun

is not Dhammah.
There is a diptote noun present
in this verse.
There is no diptote noun present
in this verse.
First two categories of

Diptotes
There are few categories of nouns
which are diptotes in the Arabic
language. In this session, two
categories with examples will be
given.
Category # 1 (All feminine person
name nouns are Diptotes)
Cas
e
Marf
oun
Man
soob
Examples
of
Feminine
Person names

Majr

oor
Category # 2 (All Foreign name

nouns are Diptotes)
Arabic language considers the
names like Ibrahim, Ismail, London,
Washington as foreign names as
compare to Mohammed, Hamid etc
as local names. So, all foreign
name nouns in the Arabic language
are diptotes. Examples below.
Examples
of
Cas Foreign name
e
nouns
Marf

oun
Man

soob
Majr

oor
Other categories will be discussed

as and when required.
Exercises
1) State TRUE or FALSE: In the
Arabic language, the name

is not a foreign name.

two words

and

are
diptotes because they are
foreign names.
3) State TRUE or FALSE: All the

foreign name nouns are diptotes
in the Arabic language.
6 Detached personal pronouns
In the Arabic language there are
total 14 personal pronouns. In
this session, only six will be learnt
and rest of others will be learnt as
and when needed. Observe the
below table.
He (masculine)
They
All
(masculine)
You (masculine)
You
(masculine)
We
All
You can use some physical

interactive actions to memorize
them. Use the below procedure for
it and practice a lot.
Step 1: Keep your right hand on
right side and point out with single
fore finger to represent He and say
loudly .
Step 2: Keep your right hand on

right side and point out with all the
fingers to represent they and say
loudly
.
Step 3: Keep your right hand
infront of you and point out with
single fore finger in the front
direction to represent you and say
loudly
.
Step 4: Keep your right hand
infront of you and point out with all
the fingers in the front direction to
represent they and say loudly .
Step 5: Keep your right hand and
point towards yourself with single
fore finger to represent I and say
loudly .
Step 6: Keep your right hand and

point towards yourself with all the
fingers to represent We and say
loudly
.

The reader can use any
comfortable method to practice
these 6 personal pronouns.
Exercises
personal pronoun which means
We is present in the verse
Quran (15:18:13).
They all (masculine) is present
in the verse Quran (15:18:17).
3) State TRUE or FALSE: The two
personal pronouns which means
I and He are present in the

verse Quran (15:18:34).
I is not present in the verse
Quran (16:18:110).
Prepositions, heavily used

topic in Quran
See the below table of prepositions.
English
Meaning
from
in
for
Propositi
on
With, by, in,

of, on (Its
meaning
depends on
the context)
on
towards

The prepositions are like high grade

police officers. Once they come
before a noun, the noun will
respect it so much that it will salute
them and becomes

. The
combination of this Preposition
and Noun is called as

Jaar-Majroor. This combination is
heavily used in Quran.
Examples
from
book
the
from
house
the
in the cave
in the sea
from evil
on Allah
The preposition
has lot of
meanings
depending
on
the
context. These contexts will be
learned in future.
Exercises

verse Quran (15:18:37), the
phrase
( from dust) is a

Jaar-Majroor combination.
word

( The sky) is

because of the preposition

before it.
word
( the city, the town)
is not

.
word
is

because of
the preposition .
word is

because of the
preposition .
Behavior of Diptote with

Preposition
We have learnt before that Fathah
is the ending for diptote noun in

and
cases. One simple

example is below. Observe the
Majroor case, it has Fathah.
Ma
rfo
un
Ma
nso
ob
Maj
roo
r
When a preposition comes before

any diptote noun, the diptote noun
will also become majroor with
Fathah
as
ending.
This
understanding should be clear with
the following example.
Example:
( in hellfire). Here
is

.
Exercises
diptote noun
( bracelets) is

because of the preposition
before it.

two diptote nouns

and

are not
as there is
no preposition before them.
The diptote noun
is

.
Prepositions when with

Pronouns
Detached pronouns may come
after prepositions. So, when these
pronouns (pronouns comes under
the category of nouns in the Arabic

language) join prepositions we get
the construction Jaar Majroor.
The Jaar Majroor is a two words
combination or construction. The
below table is one such example. In
the below Jaar Majroor construction
,
the final endings ,
,
,
,
are called as attached pronouns.
,
These attached pronouns (,
,
,

) are in
case.
,
Jaar
Majro
or
Meaning
from
(masculine)
from
(masculine)
from
(masculine)
Detach
ed
Pronou
n
Prepositi
on
him
= +

them
=
+

you
+
=
from
you
(masculine)
from me
from us
all
+
=
= +
Exercises
attached pronoun in the
is

construction

.
is present

construction

in this verse.
attached pronoun

construction
in the
is
.
Vocative Harmony, Jaar

Majroor case of for
preposition with attached
pronoun
See the below
preposition for.
Meaning
for
table
Jaa
r
Maj
roo
r
him

for
the
Det
ach
ed
Pro
Prep
nou ositi
n
on
= +
(masculine)
for
them
(masculine)
for
you
(masculine)
for
you
all
(masculine)
for me
for us
=
+
+
=
=
+
= +
=
+

If you see above table the

preposition
for
upon
its
independence it is
. It is Li
with kathrah (zair). But when being
joined with pronoun it is getting
Fathah (Zabar). There is no Arabic
grammatical rule here. It is to get
vocative harmony. Saying Lihu
will be difficult. And saying Lahu

will be easy and gets vocative
harmony. That is the reason it is
getting Fathah.
Exercises
the Quran (15:18:2). The JaarMajroor
( for them) is
present in this verse.
Jaar-Majroor construction
(for us) is present in the verse
Quran (15:18:10).
Jaar-Majroor construction

(for him) is present in the verse
Quran (15:18:43).
Topic # 9: Later Vocative Harmony,

Specialty of five attached pronouns
of
,
,
,
Jaar Majroor with other

attached personal pronouns
The below tables provide JaarMajroor constructions with 6
detached pronouns and
prepositions.
Meaning (considering in this case with)
with him (masculine)
Jaar
Majro
or

with them (masculine)

with you (masculine)

with you all
Detach
ed
Pronou
n
Prepositi
on
= +
=
+
+
=
+
=
(masculine)
with me
= +

=
+
with us
Meaning
in him (masculine)
in them
(masculine)
Jaar
Majro
or
Detach
ed
Pronou
n
Prepositi
on
in you (masculine)

in you all
(masculine)
in me

in us
= +
Meaning
Jaar
Majro
or
=
+
+
=
+
=

= +

=
+
Detach
ed
Pronou
Prepositi
on
+ =
=
+
+
=
=
+
+ =

=
+
Prepositi
on
Detach
ed
Pronou
n

)him (masculine

)them (masculine
)you (masculine

)you all (masculine

me

us
Jaar
Majro
or

+ =
=
+
On
On
On
On
On
On
Meaning
towards him
)(masculine
Towards them
)(masculine
Towards you
(masculine)
Towards you all
(masculine)
Towards me
Towards us
Meaning
Jaar
Majro
or

about him (masculine)
about them

(masculine)
about you (masculine)

about you all

(masculine)

about me
+
=
=
+
= +

=
+
Detach
ed
Pronou
n
Prepositi
on
= +

=
+

+
=
=
+

= +

about us

=
+

Exercises
Jaar-Majroor combination

(towards me) is present in the
Jaar-Majroor combination is
present in the verse Quran
(15:18:5).

(on you all) is not present in the

(on them) is present two times


(About them) is present in the

This is an important topic and
needs attention. There are two
Hamza in Arabic. They are

. . Hamzatul-wasl is read
when the sentence or verse is
started by it. It is represented by
small on top of it. If this Hamza
comes in the middle of sentence or
verse then it is silent or ignored
and is not read. The Hamza of

(the) is Hamzatul-wasl. It is not
pronounced
in
the
middle.
Example:
( The wall).

(And the wall) In the second
example, joined directly to and
is silent because it is Hamzatulwasl.
Hamzatul-Qata`a is always read
irrespective of its location. It is
represented by small neck on it.
Example:
( indeed).
This differentiation is generally
given in Arabic font qurans.
Observe this in the Quran copy.
Exercises

Hamza of the word
( the
book) is not read in the verse
Quran (15:18:1) because it is
Hamzatul-wasl.
Hamza of the word

( the
ship) is not read in the verse
Quran (16:18:79) because it is
Hamzatul-wasl.
Hamza of the word
( indeed) in
the verse Quran (16:18:94) is
read because it is HamzatulQata`a.
This is also one of the very

important topic. In the Arabic
language there is no equivalent
word for English word of. Nouns
will go some changes to represent
the concept for the English word
of. This construction or concept is
called as

.
Below are the conditions of

i) It cannot have tanveen.

default it is Marfoun.
ii) It cannot have Al.
By
Below are the conditions of

i) It is always Majroor.
ii) It can be definite or indefinite.
Let us try to construct Muzaaf
Muzaaf iliahi for the phrase Book
of Hamid. It is given in the below
table.
Example:
Construction
steps for

(Book of Hamid)
St
no no
ep
un un
s Description
2 1
Take
Two
nouns
in
default

case

Remove
tanveen from
first noun to
get
Make
the
second
noun

to get

Join step 2 and

3 to get

3
4
Here

is

is
and

. Another example of
Muzaaf Muzaaf ilaihi is below.
Example:
Construction
steps for

(Night of the decree)

St
no no
ep
un un
s Description
2 1
Take
Two
nouns
in
default
1 case

Remove
tanveen from
first noun to
2 get
Make
the
second
noun

to get
3

Join step 2 and

4 3 to get

Here
is
is

and
.
Exercises
phrase Chapter of the cave is
written as

and it is
Muzaaf Muzaaf iliahi.
phrase

the word
is

and it is
.
phrase

the word
is

and it is
.
construction of ,

is not
.

construction of ,

is
.
The
difference
between
"Book of a student" and
"Book of the student"
Let us try to construct Muzaaf
Muzaaf ilaihi for the two phrases
Book of a student and Book of
the student.
1)
Book of a student
In this phrase if we observe word

student is indefinite. Thus

will be Majroor indefinite. So it is

2)
Book of the student
In this phrase, word student is

definite. Thus

will be

Majroor definite. So it is
.

Student is preceded with .
Hence,

can be definite or
indefinite.
Exercises
translation of the phrase King

of the ship is

.
translation of the phrase wall of
the king is not

.
translation of the phrase Ship
of sea is

.
Examples of Muzaaf Muzaaf

iliahi
Find below few more examples of
Muzaaf Muzaaf ilaihi for better
understanding.
People
of the
paradis
e
People
of the
fire
People
of the
elepha
nt
Help of
Allah
Slave
of Allah
Mercy
of Allah
House
of Allah
Exercises
word
means plants. This
word is present as

in the
( plants of the
phrase

earth) is Muzaaf Muzaaf iliahi in
word means promise. The
phrase Promise of Allah is

translated as .
Muzaaf Muzaaf ilaihi with

pronouns
Let us consider the phrase in the
English language His book. For
understanding purpose, it can be
rewritten as book of him. Thus it
uses the concept of of. Hence it is
also a

in the
Arabic language. So, when the
pronoun joins a noun then we get

. See example
below.
Meaning
Muza
af
Muza
Detach
ed
Pronou
Noun

+ =
=

=
af
ilaihi
his book (book of

)him

Their book (Book
)of them
Your book (book of

)you

Your all book (Book
)of you all
My book (Book of
)mine

Our book (Book of
)us
In the above table

is

and is in
case while the
,
, endings
,
,
are the
,
attached pronouns. These attached

pronouns are

and
.
Exercises
( ears) is
word

. The
means their ears.
phrase
word
( hearts) is
. The
phrase means their
hearts.
phrase
means their
cave. This is not a muzaaf
Muzaaf ilaihi.
phrase ( our lord) is a Muzaaf
Muzaaf ilaihi.

phrase

( my ship) is a

Muzaaf Muzaaf ilaihi.
Understanding Ya-Mutakallim
The letter is Ya Mutakallim (Ya of
First person). It is the attached
personal pronoun for the detached
personal pronoun . Consider the
below table.

+ =
In the phrase there are two
words. Its translation is my
house. The house ( ) in this
phrase is
. But because of the
power Ya Mutakallim, the dammah

of
becomes kathra. Thus
in
is
. This same thing
applies to all the Muzaaf Muzaaf
iliahis with Ya Mutakallim. Such a
thing our eyes cannot see but our
mind can see if we understand.
Exercises
word
in the phrase is

.
word

in the phrase
(my wall) is
.
word
( fish) in the phrase

( my fish) is not
.
Explaining Preposition +
pronoun = jaar majroor,
Noun + pronoun = Muzaaf
Muzaaf ilaihi
This is a revision topic. In earlier
sessions we have learned Jaar
Majroor and Muzaaf Muzaaf ilaihi.
Let us derive a simple formula now
as below.
Preposition
Majroor
Pronoun
Example:

+ =

Translation: From Him
Jaar
Noun + Pronoun = Muzaaf Muzaaf

iliahi
Example:
+
=
Translation: Your lord
Preposition before
Muzaaf ilaihi
Muzaaf
This topic is very important to

understand. We know that, the
preposition will make the noun
after it into

case. So if
preposition comes before

then it will make
into

case. Example is below.

+ =

=
+

=
+
In the path of
Allah
In night of the
decree
In your book
Exercises
phrase
(from our

signs/verses) in the verse Quran
(15:18:9) has both

and

.

phrase
( from our book)

has both

and

.
( in your heart)
phrase
has both

and

Adverbs
In the Arabic language adverbs are
also categorized as nouns. There
are two kinds of adverb namely
adverb of time and adverb of place.

Example of adverb of time are ,
etc. Example of adverb of place
are
,
,

etc. The adverb is
termed as
. The following
table
gives
corresponding
meanings of few adverbs.
Mea
ning
after
befo
re
with
near
und
er
betw
een
Exercises
Adv
erb


adverb of location
( between)
is present in this verse.

adverb of place
( near) is
present in this verse.
adverb of location
( between)
is not present in this verse.
Adverb followed by direct noun or

pronoun will lead to a construction
called as

.
Examples are below.
Mea
ning
with
Allah
After
pray
er
Near
Allah
befor
e
suns
et
Unde
r the
table
With
him
near
them
Exercises

phrase

( Under the

ship) the word

is
and

.
verse Quran (16:18:95)

(between) came two times and
the attached pronouns
and

are

and
.
verse Quran (16:18:94)

(between) is not present.
Demonstrative Pronouns
These pronouns are used to
demonstrate some object. Below is
the table of these pronouns. They
are self explanatory.
Meani Demon
ng
strativ
e
Pronou
ns
This
(Mascu
line)
This
(Femin
ine)
That
(Mascu
line)
That
(Femin
ine)
These
(Masc.
/Fem.)
Those
(Masc.
/Fem.)
Exercises

is present in this verse and it
means
these
(masculine/feminine).

Relative Pronouns
The following are the relative

pronouns in the Arabic language.
These pronouns relate to other
nouns. They mean literally as That
which.
Relati
ve
Prono
Meaning uns
That
which
(masculi
ne)

That
which
(feminin
e)

Those
which
(Masc./F
em.)
Exercises
is
(15:18:28). Its meaning is
those
which
(masculine/feminine).


is present in this verse and
referring to .
Particle of Conjunction (

)

Particle of conjunction are used to
connect
the
sentences
or
statements,
words etc. In the
Arabic
language
particle
of
conjunction is termed as

.
Below is a table describing them
with meanings.
Meaning

and
thus or
then
Effect of conjunction
on
subsequent words (nouns)
Let us see the below construction.

Its meaning is In the sky. Now let
us write In the sky and earth. In
this case we have to use

which is . The below is the

construction looks like.

Upon observing the above it is
clear that the earth is following
the same case Majroor as that of
the
sky.
Thus
particle
of
conjunction
will
change
the
subsequent nouns to the same
master noun case. In Arabic it is

described as

which

means connected to. So in the
above statement The earth is
connected to The sky. It is said in
the Arabic as

Exercises
the verse Quran (15;18:26). The
is
word
because it is

connected to

( the

skies).
word

.
is connected to
is not connected to
word

.


is present in this
verse.
the verse Quran (15:18:17). This
verse starts with

.
Chain of Muzaaf Muzaaf ilaihi

We can even encounter a chain of
Muzaaf Muzaaf ilaihi. Let us take an
example phrase Praise of your
Lord. For our understanding we
can rephrase it as Praise of lord of
your. This phrase use two times

of. So, it is chain of Muzaaf
Muzaaf iliahi. Let us attempt to
construct it in the Arabic language
as below.
Praise of lord =

in the above construction is

Muzaaf Ilaihi. For the second
Muzaaf Muzaaf ilaihi, the
will
act as Muzaaf. So the tanveen will
drop leading us to
. This is
because Muzaaf cannot have
tanveen. Upon joining the next
. Total
Muzaaf ilaihi, it becomes
construction is as below.

Praise of lord of your =
For our further clear understanding

let us try to precede the above
construction with a preposition .
It will be as below.
+
So total translation will be With/By
the praise of your lord.
Exercises
verse has a phrase which means
in English as from the book of
your lord.

phrase
is translated

as Remembrance of mercy of
lord of your.
3) State TRUE or FALSE: There
is only one Muzaaf Muzaaf iliahi
in the phrase
( Book of
Allah).
Concept of Mabni
In the Arabic language, nouns are
declinable. It means that, they
have

,
,
cases

with different forms. Some nouns
are indeclinable. This means that
they dont change their form
(Wherever you find them, they will
be same) for

,
,

cases . Those nouns are called in
Arabic as
. All the personal

pronouns, demonstrative pronouns
and relative pronouns are
.

Examples:
Case
Case
Mabni
Example
Mabni
Example
Mabni
Example
Case
Exercises

is ,
phrase

is

and
.

phrase

,
is

is

and
.

phrase
is not ,

is

and
.

Learning
Pronouns
14
Personal
In our early session six personal

detached pronouns have been
learnt. Those were as below.
He (masculine)

They
All
(masculine)
You (masculine)

You
All
(masculine)
We
In this session 14 personal

pronouns will be mapped to our
right hand. Our hand has 15 cells in
each finger. Forefinger will be taken
first and following matrix will come.
Fore
Thu Fing. Fing. Fing. Fing.
mb
4
3
2
1

ForeFinger is representing third
person masculine gender. Finger 2
is
representing
third
person
feminine gender. Finger 3 and
Finger 4 are for second person
masculine and feminine gender
while Thumb is for first person. Last
cell of thumb is not being used.
The duals are filled as below which
are
and . The translations
are They two (same for masculine

and feminine gender) and You two
(same for masculine and feminine
gender).
Fore
Thum Fing. Fing. Fing. Fing.
b
4
3
2
1

The third person feminine singular
is
and third personal feminine
plural is
. The second person
feminine singular is
and second
person feminine plural is
. Thus
the table now looks like below.
Thum Fing. Fing. Fing.

b
4
3
2

Fore
Fing.
1
Practice these personal pronouns

slowly on your hand finger cells, till
the perfection is achieved.
Exercises
personal pronoun ( I) is present
personal pronoun
( she) is


(15:18:42).
personal pronoun ( he) is not
(15:18:44).
personal pronoun
( they) is
not present in the verse Quran
(15:18:50).
personal pronoun
( they) is
(16:18:104).
Jaar Majroor with 14

pronouns
Upon learning 14 pronouns in the

last topic, this is the right place to
learn

with these 14

pronouns. A simple example is
given
below
with
preposition
from.
finger finger
2
1

(
( )
)

(
( )
)

(
( )
)

Thum finger finger

b
4
3

(
( )
( )
)

)
)

(
(
(
)

(
( )
)

Exercises

translation of the word
is
from her.
is

from you (feminine).
is

from them (feminine plural).
Muzaaf Muzaaf ilaihi with 14

pronouns
Upon learning 14 pronouns in the
last topic, this is the right place to
learn Muzaaf Muzaaf ilaihi with
these 14 pronouns. Two simple
examples are given below for all

the 14 pronouns.
finger finger finger finger

4
3
2
1
(
)
)
(
)
(

) (
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
Thum
b

)
(

(
)

)

) (
(
)
(
finger
1
(
)
finger
2

) (
finger
3
)
(
finger
4
(
)
Thu
mb

)(

(
)

(
)

(
)

(
)

(
)

(
)
( ) (
)

(
)
Exercises

is translation of the word
her book and it is a Muzaaf
Muzaaf ilaihi.
is translation of the word
her lord and it is Muzaaf
Muzaaf ilaihi.
word
is present in the verse
Quran (15:18:15). Its meaning is
our people and it is Muzaaf
Muzaaf ilaihi.
No corresponding word for

the English word it
In the Arabic language there is no
corresponding word for the English
word it. We should use or

for the English word it.
Introduction to Arabic Plurals

Arabic plurals are categorized in
the below chart. They are divided
into Regular plurals and Broken
Plurals. Regular Plurals are further
divided into Sound Masculine
Plurals and Sound Feminine Plurals.
Regular Plurals will have regular
forms (Masculine==> , )and
(Feminine ==> )in the end of

the words.
Keep this chart in mind.

Exercises
Arabic language plurals are
divided
into
two
broad
categories
namely:
Regular
plurals and Broken plurals.
Arabic
language
sound
masculine plurals will ends with
regular forms ( ,).
Arabic
language
sound
masculine plurals and sound
feminine plurals are under the
main category of broken plurals.
Sound Masculine Plurals

The sound masculine plurals are
the plurals for masculine nouns like
Muslimun, kaafirun etc. These
plurals are sound because they
have regular plural endings. They
in Marfoun case and end with

in Mansoob and Majroor case.
Below table have few examples for
you to observe their endings and
understand.
S. Sing Marf Man Majr
noular oun soob oor
Exercises
verse Quran (15:18:2) the word
is not
.

verse Quran (15:18:29) the
phrase
is Jaar-Majroor

and
is Majroor.

verse Quran (15:18:49), there
are two sound masculine plurals

(

and
) .

verse Quran (15:18:50) has a
Jaar-Majroor with sound
masculine plural (
) .

verse Quran (15:18:53) does not
have any sound masculine

plural.
Sound Feminine Plurals

This time, let us learn Sound
feminine plurals. Sound feminine
plurals are the plurals for feminine
gender
singular
nouns.
They
always end with . Marfoun case
will have two Dammah (two paish),
and Mansoob, Majroor cases will
have two kasrah (two Zair)
(Extreme Specialty). See below
examples carefully.
S Sin Mar Ma
.n gul fou nso Majr
o ar n
ob oor
Exercises
plurals for the word

) (a word
( is

)
( ,
)

( and

)
.
plural

case of the word

is present in the verse
Quran (16:18:109).
plural

case of the word

(a sign, a verse) is present in the
Broken Plurals
Any plural that does not fall under
sound category are broken plurals.
It means that they will not have ,
pattern of Sound Masculine
plurals and pattern of sound
feminine plurals. And these plurals
may be triptote or diptote.
The below are some examples
S
. Sin Pl
n gul ur Mea
o ar al ning
Day
1

s

Hea
2

rts

3

4
mes
sen
gers
boo
ks
che
sts
men
hou
ses
Exercises
broken plural word of the
singular word heart is present
in the verse Quran (15:18:14)
and it is

.

broken plural word of the
singular word messenger is
(16:18:106) and it is

.
word
in the verse Quran

(16:18:100) is not a broken
Plural.
All the broken plurals are

treated as feminine singular
In the Arabic language broken
plurals are treated as feminine
singular. They are considered as
feminine singular when referred by
demonstrative pronouns, personal
pronouns, relative pronouns and/or
by verbs. In the below table,

is used
demonstrative pronoun
for referring nouns which are
broken plurals. Knowledge of
broken plurals will come by time.
The reader should keep on
observing them.
Treatm
ent as
Broke
femini Phrase
n
ne
example
plural
singul
ar
Those

messeng
ers
Those
examples
Those
towns
Duals
In the Arabic language Duals also
have special pattern.
will
have as ending.

and

will have ( aiyn) as ending.
See below table.
S
. Sin
n gul
o ar
Exercises
dual form of the word
(a

party) is present in the verse
Quran (15:18:12) and it is not

.
2) State TRUE or FALSE: The two
dual forms are present in the
verse Quran (15:18:32) and they

are of the words
( a man)
and

( a garden).
dual form of the word an
orphan is present in the verse
Quran (16:18:82).
Adjectives
Adjective is a noun that qualify
another noun. As an example, in
the phrase tall man, the noun
tall is an adjective that is
qualifying another noun man. In

the English language the adjectives
comes before the noun being
qualified. But in the Arabic
language the adjectives comes
after the noun being qualified. The
adjective in Arabic is termed as
. The noun being qualified is

termed as

. The combination
is called as
.

should
match

in the following.
1) Case
If the
is marfoun then

should also be marfoun.
If the
is mansoob then
should also be mansoob.

If the
is majroor then

should also be majroor.

Example of marfoun case:

( Severe torment)
2) Definite/Indefinite
If the
is definite then

should also be definite.

Example:

( the
straight path)
3) Gender
If the
is feminine then

should also be feminine.
( small
Example:

sister)
4) Number
If the
is dual then

should also be dual. If the
is plural then
should also be
plural.
( two
Example:

orphan boys)
Exercises

phrases

( a severe
( a
punishment) and

good reward) are

.
phrase

( a barren soil)
is

.
( an evil thing) is
phrase
not a

.
Topic #:

This topic covers adverb of time or

place. In Arabic adverb is termed
as
. Examples are below.
Adverb of times
)
before (
after (
)
Adverb of places
above (
)
under (
)

After these adverbs,
will
come. This construction is termed
as
. Few examples

are below.
( backside of masjid)

( After prayer)

( Under the table)

Thanks
No Arabic word for is

In the Arabic language there is no
equal word for the English word
is.
Example: He is a student. It is
.
translated in Arabic as

Exercises
translation of the sentence He
is Mohammed is

.
translation of the sentence She
is Fatimah is

.

translation of the sentence This
is a great success is
Introduction to Nominal
sentence
Nominal sentence (

) is

a sentence that starts with a noun.
The basic structure of a nominal
sentence is as below.
Nominal sentence
=
Subject (
) + predicate(

)
Subject is a noun about which
sentence is talking about. Predicate
is a part of the sentence that tells
us about the subject. Predicate

provides some news or information
about the subject. We should try to
find out subject and predicate
whenever we encounter a nominal
sentence.
Examples
He is Mohammed.

.
Here is the subject, because the
sentence is starting with it and the
sentence is talking about it.

is the predicate, because it is

giving the information about the
subject .
Exercises

sentence He is a doctor (

) is a nominal sentence
because it starts with a noun
(remember pronoun is under the
category of noun in the Arabic
language).
means he did. This
word

word is a verb. The sentence

( Mohammed did it) is not a
nominal sentence because it
.
starts with a verb
translation of the sentence This
is a great success is
is the
. In this sentence
subject.
( Subject
) is always

In the nominal sentence the
subject is always
. The subject
is always noun.
Examples
Subje English

ct
Translation
I am a man
)(human
a
is
This
book
The dog is

on the wall

)
(

)
(

)
(

)
(

)
(
The ship is

in the sea

The rock is

big

Exercises
sentence I am sick (
)

is a nominal sentence. The
subject is and it is
.
sentence This is a ship (

) is a nominal sentence.
The subject is and it is
.
sentence She is zainab (

) is a nominal sentence. The
subject is
.
and it is
Difference between a
Sentence (

) and a phrase

(

)

A sentence is a group of words that
provides a complete meaning and
sense.
. (I am a
Example:

human like you)
The above group of words provides
a complete meaning.
A phrase is a group of words that
does not provide us a complete
meaning or sense. Phrase

incomplete in meaning.
is
Example:
( on the wall)

The above group of words lack the
meaning. Like a simple question to
this phrase can be What is there
on the wall ?. Thus it needs an
answer to make it meaningful.
Exercises

(In the sea) is a complete
sentence.

( Book of Hamid
is on the wall) is a complete

sentence.

( That is from the signs
of Allah) is a complete sentence.
5 types of Predicate (
)
Predicate in nominal sentence is of
5 types as below. This is very
important to understand.
One word
Prepositional Phrase (a phrase
that includes a preposition)
Adverb from Adverbial Phrase (a
phrase that includes an adverb)
A complete nominal sentence
A complete verbal sentence
We will discuss these predicates in

the next topics.
One word predicate

In the nominal sentence the
predicate can be one/single word.
Single word Predicates are always

and they should match
subjects
in
gender
(masculine/feminine) and number
(singular/dual/plural).
Examples
I am a
human
being.

Sentence
Analysis
=

=
Other similar examples are below
in the table. The underlined words
are predicates.
He is
Mohammed.
This is a
house.
This is an
eye.
I am sick.
I am a
doctor.
Exercises

translation of the sentence The

wall is tall is

. The
( tall) is the one word
word
predicate (
) in this sentence.
ship is small is

.

The word
( small) is the
one word predicate (
) in this
sentence.
translation of the sentence He
. The
is an oppressor is

( oppressor) is the one
word

word predicate (
) in this
sentence.

(That is a book) does not have
single word predicate.

(She is Zainab) does not have
single word predicate.

comes in the
position of subject or
predicate
When

comes in the
position of subject or predicate in
the nominal sentence, then only

will act as the subject or
predicate.

is just some
additional
information
to
the
sentence. See the example below,
the word book is subject and it is

.
Example:

( Book

of hamid is on the wall)
As an another example below, the
word daughter is predicate and it is

.
Example:

( I am daughter
of Zainab)
Exercises

( Door of the masjid
is big) is a nominal sentence and
is the subject (

) .

( Name of the
student is Hamid) is a nominal
sentence and
is the subject

(

) .

( The kaabah is house of
allah) is a nominal sentence and
) .
is predicate (
Prepositional phrase as a
predicate (
( ) second
type)
In the nominal sentence the second
type of predicate is prepositional
phrase.
Consider
the
below
example

( Book of hamid

is on the wall)
Sentence analysis with description

in the Arabic language is as below.
=
=

=

So, the whole prepositional phrase
is the predicate in this case.
Exercises
sentence

( The
ship is in the sea),
is the
prepositional phrase predicate (

) .

sentence
(Mohammed is in the cave),
is the prepositional phrase
predicate (

) .
sentence

( My
book is on the wall) has
prepositional phrase predicate.
Adverbial phrase as a
predicate (
( ) third type)
The third type of predicate is
adverbial phrase. Consider the
below example.
( My house is behind

the cave)
Sentence analysis with description
in the Arabic language is as below.

=

=
Note that in the adverbial phrase
we only consider the adverb as the
predicate. The last word
is
considered as

, but not as
the part of predicate. Two other
examples are given below for more
understanding.
( The remembrance
after the prayer)

( The purse is

under the table)
Exercises

treasure is under the wall is
. The word

is a adverbial phrase predicate.

fish is under the ship is

. The word
is

a adverbial phrase predicate.
sentence The king is in the

ship (

) has an
adverbial phrase predicate.
Khabar can come before in

nominal sentence
In
a
nominal
sentence
the
predicate (
) can come in
advance. See below

=Jaar Majroor shibhu jumlah

khabar muqaddim (predicate in
advance)

= mubtada marfoun and it is

muzaaf
= Muzaaf iliahi
= Majroor is connected to
Translation: For Allah, is the

kingdom of heavens and earth.
Another example

Translation: She has a small child.
Nominal sentence as
Predicate (fourth type)
In a nominal sentence, a complete
another nominal sentence can
come as predicate.
See below two examples
grammatical analysis.
1)
with

The above sentence starts with a
noun, hence it is a nominal
sentence.
= mubtada marfoun for top
level nominal sentence
= Khabar for top level

nominal sentence
= Mubtada for low level
nominal sentence and it is Muzaaf
= It is Muzaaf ilaihi
= Single word Khabar for low

So the whole underlined sentence

became a predicate for top level
mubtada Bilal.
Translation is "Bilal, his son is a
student" or simply Bilals son is a
student.
2)

= Mubtada marfoun for top

= Khabar for top level

nominal sentence Fatima
= Jaar majroor Shibhu jumlah
khabar Muqaddim
= Mubtada marfoun for low


= Adjective for
Translation is Fatimah, she has a
small child or simply Fatimah has
a small child.
Exercises

sentence

(Kings son is in the ship) has a

nominal sentence as a predicate

for
as the top level subject.
sentence

(Son of the king is in the ship)
does not have any another
nominal sentence as predicate.

But
its
predicate
is
a
prepositional phrase predicate (

) .
sentence

(Daughter of Fatimah is tall) has
another nominal sentence as
predicate.
Verbal sentence as Predicate

(fifth type)
In a nominal sentence, a complete
verbal sentence can come as
predicate. We did not learn about
verbs yet, so we will go into details
in upcoming topics in future. A
simple example of this case is as
below to understand the sentence

structure.
Example: Mohammed did. (

) . Here Mohammed is subject (
) .
is a verbal sentence

coming as a predicate.
Difference
between
"This
book" and "This is a book"
Let us understand it as below. If
somebody says in English this
then it does not convey you a
complete message. The front
person will ask you, what do you
mean ? The term this can be
anything. It can be computer,
table, house etc.
If somebody says again in English

for example this book, then also
it is not providing us the complete
explanation about the book except
that the term book has just
substituted the term this. Hence
the phrase this book is also not a
complete sentence. It is not giving
any complete idea or information
about the object book.
Upon understanding it in English let
us come to Arabic. The term this
is in the Arabic language. is

and definite by default. Book
is substituting . So book should
also have same characteristics of
. So this book translates in the
Arabic as
and
Here
is termed as

is termed as .

Badal should
match all the characteristics of
Mubdal
Minu.
Now
let
us
understand This is a book. This
statement is a complete sentence.
Its translation is as below.

In the above statement
is the
subject and
is the single word
predicate.
Exercises

is a Badal- Mubdal Minhu
construction.
is Badal-Mubdal Minhu
construction.
phrase
( That book) is
not a Badal-Mubdal Minhu
construction.
Vocative particle
Let us learn Vocative particle . Its
meaning in the English language is
Oh. Example "Oh Mohammed",
"Oh Abdullah" etc.
The rules for vocative particle are
below.
1) If this particle is preceded with

triptote person name noun like

, then it will drop tanveen and
leave only one pesh (or dammah).

Ya Mohammadu.
2) When it is preceded with a noun
with , that is definite noun then
should be inserted before.

Translation: Oh mankind
3) If this particle is preceded with
Muzaaf Muzaaf iliahi then it will
make Muzaaf as

. See below

when preceded before
(worshipper of allah), it became

"Ya, Abdallah"

Let us take another Muzaaf Muzaaf

ilaihi ( our lord) as an example.
In order to say Oh, our lord, the
vocative particle will precede.
Thus the phrase will become as
. It makes the Muzaaf

(

. Sometimes
) as (
)

it is seen that the vocative particle
gets dropped leaving simply as
. Under such a case, as the
Muzaaf became

it has to be

understood that is hidden before

.
Let us take another example,
(my lord).
+
=
Adding the vocative particle as
below.
+
+
Because of (

,
)
become (

.
)

will
+
+
Ya Mutakallim ( )forces
to
become
by putting kasrah ()
and the equation will become as
below.
+
+
Now two things ( and )will drop

as below leaving us only with
.

Hence means my lord and
means Oh, my lord.

Exercises
vocative particle exists
before the word and it
translates as Oh, our lord.
vocative particle does not
exist before the word and it
translates as Our lord.

The vocative particle does
not exist before the word
and it translates as my lord.
vocative particle when comes
before

then it
will make

as
.

5) State TRUE or FALSE: When
the vocative particle is
preceded with a noun with ,
that is definite noun then
should be inserted before.

Interrogative particle (
and )
Interrogative particles are used to

raise a question. Examples are
given in the below table.
Arabic
Translatio
n

English
Questions
Are you in
the cave ?
Are you in
the ship ?
Are you
yousuf ?
Exercises
exists
Interrogative particle
in this verse.

translation of the sentence Are

you on the wall ? is

translation of the sentence Is

.
this for you ? is

Topic: , ,
This word
Here is a new thing.
always comes as Muzaaf. It means
in Urdu "waala". Someone
possessing something. The case
endings are different as below.
(

) Nominative case
(

)

Accusative case
(

) Genitive case
Let us understand it by following

example

The above attributes to Allah. So
is Muzaaf ilaihi and is

connected to
Adding Emphasis to the

sentence by
Consider the below sentence.

The
meaning
of
the
above
statement is Daughter of Zainab is
in the ship. Grammatical Analysis
is as below.
= Mubtada and it is Muzaaf.
= Muzaaf ilaihi

= Prepositional phrase
predicate
Now let us add an emphasis to it by
adding beginning Laam. It will be
as below.

The
meaning
of
the
above
statement
is
now
Indeed,
daughter of Zainab is in the ship.
Such is called as
.
Meaning beginning Laam and it is
used to emphasize the statement.
Exercises
verse has emphasis .
This verse has emphasis .
translation of the statement

Indeed, you are yousuf is

, the particle of emphasis
and Nasbin
Consider the following sentence.

Its meaning is The water is cold.
The grammatical analysis of the
above statement is as below.
=

=
Let us now emphasize it by

)

(

. It is as explained
below.

(

)

Now its meaning is Indeed, the
water is cold.
The particle of emphasis and
Nasbin (
) brings the following
changes in the sentence.
a) The terminology of Mubtada
will change to Noun of Inna
which is

b) The terminology of Khabar
will change to Predicate of
Inna which is

c) It will make the Noun of
Inna (

) as

.
Wherever we encounter
, it is
our duty to determine

and it

should be
.
Exercises
particle of emphasis and Nasbin
is present in the verse Quran

(16:18:94) and

is

(

) .

is not present in the verse

Quran (15:18:30) and

is

(
.

)

is present in the verse Quran
(16:18:107) and

is

(

) .

when joins with 14

pronouns
Consider the below statement and
let us emphasize the below
statement with
.

In this case
will join as below.

+ =

Its translation is now Indeed, he
is mohammed. Here the attached
in pronoun

and it is
is

. Below table provides us the

complete 14 combinations of
.
finger
1
(
)

(
)

(
)
finger
2

) (

(
)

(
)
finger
3
)
(

(
)
(
)
finger
4
(
)

(
)
(
)
Thu
mb

) (

) (
Exercises
the verses Quran (15:18:7) and
Quran (15:18:8). The word
(Indeed, we) is present in these
two
verses
and
attached
pronoun is

and it is

.

word
( Indeed, they all) is
present in this verse and
attached pronoun
( they) is

and it is

.

( Indeed, you) is
word
present in this verse and
( you) is
attached pronoun

and it is

.

Ladder slider game of
and
Consider the following statement.

Its meaning is The water is cold.
Let us emphasize it first with

. So, it will be like below.

Its meaning is Indeed, The water
is cold.
Now for the above statement, let
us re-emphasize it with
. Two
emphasize particles cannot coexist. So the coming
will make
the
to slide farther in the
statement and it will become as
below.

.

See the above statement, left
and joined . And
became . Thus this is Ladder

slider game of
and . Thus
double emphasis exists in the
above
statement
with
the
existence of
and .
Exercises
statement

(Indeed/Verily, man is in loss)
both
and exist.
Double emphasis exists in this
verse with both
and .
Only single emphasis exists in
this verse with .
Triple emphasis
A statement already having and
, can have detached personal

pronouns for emphasizing it for the
third time. Consider an example
below.
.
is the first emphasis. is the

is the third
second emphasis.

emphasis. The English translation
is Indeed, you are yousuf.
Sisters of

has the following sisters. These
sisters behave same as
and
makes their subject as

. The

terminology
will
also
change
accordingly, for example if

comes then it will term subject as
and predicate as

.

Sist
ers
Mean of
ings Inna
That

it
looks

as if
Wish

hope
or

fear
But
Beca
use
Example
The cave is far.
.

.
Now let us use
.
The translation of the above
statement is It looks as if, the

cave is far.
is

and

.
is

To be Continued (Allah
)Willing

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Trying to

and ).............................................................................. 103

, the particle of emphasis and Nasbin...............................................................106

when joins with 14 pronouns............................................................................109

Preface and About the

understanding for learning the

Note to the Reader

homeworks of this book refer to

1) State TRUE or FALSE:

No word for 'a' and 'an'

Indefinite Noun and Definite

. The nouns in Arabic can be

preceded by . In English this

will not be preceded with

2) State TRUE or FALSE:

Sun letters and Moon Letters

attached to it (for making it

because the first letter of the

Marfoun, Mansoob and

Forms in these three different

5) State TRUE or FALSE: Read

By default a noun will always

The default case of all the Arabic

1) State TRUE or FALSE: Read

3) State TRUE or FALSE: Read

Feminine gender Nouns

1) Read the Quran (15:18:5).

4) State TRUE or FALSE: Read

Part of body with pairs are

all the parts of speech of english

Triptotes and Diptotes

Partial declension noun comes up

Observe the endings in the end of

5) State TRUE or FALSE: The

Endings of Diptotes are

In the last session we have learnt

ending of a diptote noun

First two categories of

Category # 2 (All Foreign name

Other categories will be discussed

is not a foreign name.

3) State TRUE or FALSE: All the

You can use some physical

Step 2: Keep your right hand on

Step 6: Keep your right hand and

I and He are present in the

Prepositions, heavily used

With, by, in,

The prepositions are like high grade

1) State TRUE or FALSE: In the

because of the preposition

Behavior of Diptote with

When a preposition comes before

Prepositions when with

the category of nouns in the Arabic

Vocative Harmony, Jaar

If you see above table the

will be difficult. And saying Lahu

Topic # 9: Later Vocative Harmony,

Jaar Majroor with other

with him (masculine)

about you (masculine)

(on them) is present two times