Discussion

1. Aerofoil shape
According to our observation, water flow tends to follow the shape of the
block in both laminar and turbulent flow. The block is in the shape of a
wing or blade. The water is moving upward when reaching the head of the
circular aerofoil block, and tends to flow downward following the shape. An
aerofoil shaped body moves through a fluid produces an aerodynamic
force which is call lift when perpendicular to the direction of motion and
drag which is parallel to the direction of motion. When the drag is
dominated by viscous drag, the body is streamlined, while dominated by
pressure drag, the body is bluff. The shape of the body determines
whether it will experience viscous or pressure drag. A streamlined body is
like an aerofoil at small area of attack while a blunt body looks like a
square or aerofoil at large angles of attack. The dominant source that
produces air resistance in streamlined body is frictional drag while for
blunt body; pressure drag is the main source. A streamlined body always
have a lower resistance than a blunt body for a given frontal area and
velocity. Fluid flows over aerofoil shape often discuss in aerodynamic
which is widely practised in the plane and vehicles production.
http://www.princeton.edu/~asmits/Bicycle_web/blunt.html
Princeton.edu,. 'Drag Of Blunt Bodies And Streamlined Bodies'. N.p., 2015.
Web. 14 July 2015.

Drag of Blunt Bodies and Streamlined Bodies. (n.d.). Retrieved July 14, 2015.

2. Every shape of block has own drag coefficient and shape play a role in
influence the value. Drag coefficient is used to quantify the resistance of
an object due to the flow motion in the fluid environment. A lower drag
coefficient shows that the object is having fewer disturbances. Surface
area of object in contact with the fluid environment would influence the
drag produced. An aerofoil is a body with small angle of attack by the
fluid flowing across it, which has attached boundary layers, thus produce
much less pressure drag. The wake or disturbance produced is small for a
streamlined body. This streamlined body always accompany with the
boundary layer separation and is due to adverse pressure gradients at the
top and rear part of an aerofoil.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag_coefficient
A source flow is straight streamlines emerging from a point while sink
source is directed inward to the line source. A source, sink and a uniform
flow together will produce a closed body which is called Rankine oval. The
surface pressure increases with distance along the surface at downstream
from the point of maximum body width. This condition is called adverse

pressure gradient which leads to separation of the flow from the surface
resulting in a large low pressure wake on the downstream.
3. Flow separation occurs when the boundary layers travels far enough
against an adverse pressure gradient that the speed of the boundary layer
relative to the object falls almost to zero. One of the factors that influence
a flow immensely is pressure gradient which is directly related to the
pressure and gradient by the differential form of the Bernoulli relation.
General magnitude of

d uo /d s

required for separation are much greater

for turbulent than for laminar flow. For a given adverse

d uo /d s

distribution, the separation resistance of a turbulent boundary layer

increases slightly with increasing Reynolds number. Hence, the separation
resistance of a laminar boundary layer is independent of Reynolds number.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_separation
4. Rankine half body is the superposition of a uniform stream of constant
speed and a source flow. In the experiment, it occurs when uniform and
source flow is opened while sink flow is closed. There will be a stagnation
point somewhere along the negative x-axis where the source and uniform
flow cancel each other. Rankine half body provides useful information
about the flow in the front part of streamlined body. The pressure at the
boundary is reasonably approximated with potential flow, and thin to
cause much pressure variation.
Rankine ovals are the combination of a source, a sink and a uniform flow
to produce a closed body. In the experiment, it occurred when a region of
free of water existed. At the boundary, the pressure is reasonably
approximated with potential flow. The pressure on the front of the body is
accurate.
http://www.iust.ac.ir/files/mech/mazidi_9920c/fluid_ii/lecture8.pdf
5. In this experiment, I found that shape did make influences on the flow
pattern of water which pass over it. There are obviously differences
between flow pattern over a streamlined body and a blunt body. Besides,
the origin flow which is laminar or turbulent flow would make differ in flow
pattern. I noticed that the flow pattern in laminar flow get back in straight
line after passing the block body while for turbulent flow, there are some
wake after passing the block body.
Recommendations
1. The dye before the source point
2. Make sure the block is fix at place
3. More Geometry
(Munson, Okiishi and Huebsch)