DRUG EDUCATION

I. INTRODUCTION
On October 2002, the Philippine National Police scope the biggest drug bust in
the Philippine history. The PNP has confiscated some five million worth of
METHAMPETAMINE HYDROCLORIDE or locally known as SHABU in Quezon
Province. The operation likewise leads to the arrest of a mayor who allegedly owned the
illegal drugs. The supremacy of the PNP over the illegal drugs continue as they
successfully raided the alleged drug laboratory in the country in the following years
specifically in Batangas, Zambales, San Juan and Varcity Hills.
But spite of those successful operations the epidemic of drug addiction
continually scattered throughout the country, as a matter of fact this has become the
countrys one of the biggest problem.
Dug addiction therefore requires a thorough study not only because it is crime in
itself but also because it may lead to the commission of some anti social act.
II. DEFINATION OF TERMS
DRUG - Any chemical substance used for its effect on bodily processes. It is a
substance used in the making of medicine.
MEDICINE A science and art dealing with the prevention, cure and alleviation of
diseases. It is therefore a substance used treat disease.
DRUG INTERACTION The modification of the action of one drug by the concurrent or
prior administration of another drug.
DRUG ABUSE The illegal or wrongful, or improper use of any narcotic substance or
dangerous drug, or the illegal or wrongful possession, transfer of the same.
DRUG MISUSE The used of any drug may it legal or illegal medical or recreational
purposes when other alternatives are available, practical or warranted; or when drug
endangers either the user or others with whom he may be interact.
DRUG ADDICTION Is the state of periodic intoxication produced by repeated
consumption of drugs. Its characteristics include the following:
- An overpowering desire or need (compulsion) to continue taking drug.
- A tendency to increase the dosage (tolerance) to maintain the same effect.
- A physical or psychological dependence on the drug.
- An effect detrimental the individual and society.
DRUG DEPENDENCE A state of psychic or physical dependence or both on
dangerous drug, arising in a person following administration or use of that drug on a
continuous bases.
a. PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE An adaptive state caused by repeated drug
used that reveals itself a development of intense physical symptoms when
the use is stop.
b. PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE An attachment to drug use which arise
from a drugs ability to some emotional or personality need of individual.
HABITUATION A condition resulting from administration of drug, which includes the
following characteristics:
- A desire (but not compulsion) to continue taking the drug for the sense of
improved wellbeing.
- Little or no tendency to increase the dose.
ADMINISTERS Refers to the act of introducing any dangerous drugs into the body or
any person with or without his knowledge by injection, ingestion or other means or of
committing any act of indispensable assistance to a person in administering a dangerous
drug.

USE Refer to the act of injecting intravenously or intramuscularly or of consuming

either by chewing, smoking, eating, swallowing, drinking, or otherwise introducing into
the physiological system of the body any of dangerous drug.
PUSHER Any person who sells, administer, delivers or gives away to another, on any
term whatsoever, or transport any dangerous drug or who act as broker in any of such
transaction in violation of R. A. 6425.
WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME A chronic somatic complaints usually severe headaches,
abdominal cramps, tenseness, irritability, and depression.
DANGEROUS DRUG Drugs which are likely to or capable of causing injury or harm. It
could be either of the following:
a. PROHIBITED DRUGS Includes opium and its active components and
derivatives, such as heroin and morphine, coca leaf and its derivatives,
principally cocaine, hallucinogenic drugs such as mescaline, LSD, and other
substance producing similar effect.
b. REGULATED DRUG Includes self inducing sedatives, such as
secobarbital, Phenobarbital, barbital, anobarbital, and any other drug which
contains salt of barbituric acid, any salt, isomer, amphetamine, and hypnotic
drugs.
c. STIMULANTS Any drugs which act on the central nervous system
producing excitation, alertness, and wakefulness.
d. DEPRESSANTS Any drugs that sedates by acting on the central nervous
system. (weaken the central nervous system)
DEPRESSION A mental illness characterized by agitation or inactivity and sad,
remorseful, brooding mood.
HALLUCINATIONS A false sense of perception of object and experience of sensations
which have no external cause and no reality.
POTENTIATION Occurs when the combine action of two or more drugs is greater than
the sum of the effects each drug taken alone.
CONVUSION An involuntary and violent irregular series of contractions of the muscles.
DELIRIUM A condition of mental excitement, confusion, disordered speech and often
hallucination.
III. GENERAL CAUSES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF DRUG ADDICTION
1. ASSOCIATION A person may lead to drug addiction if he act along with people
who are engage in the used of illegal drug.
2. EXPERIMENTATION Curiosity sometimes produced negative effect according
to study, one of the main causes of the development of drug addiction is due to
experimentation. People deemed to use drug because of curiosity. They wanted
to explore something new and experience how it feels of such.
3. INEXPERIENCE DOCTORS Medical practitioners are duty bound to save life
of every individual. They are entrusted to cure diseases through the application
of appropriate drugs. But sometimes they themselves are to be blamed to the
fate of their patient if the later struck by misfortune. The prescription of
misappropriate drugs by an inexperience doctor may lead to the development of
intense drug addiction. (Medical Malpractice)

IV. OTHER FACTOR OF DRUG ADDICTION

1. Drug addiction maybe due to public arrogance, apathy or permissive

moral of society.
2. It maybe due to the laxity of government authorities.
3. It may be due to the impact or influence of media, where problem of
censorship is present.
4. Dug addiction maybe due to parental neglect or delinquent parents.
V. CLASSIFICATION OF DRUG ABUSERS
1. SPECIFIC OR SITUATIONAL A type of drug abusers who uses drug in
situational basis; during party, disco and in some other occasions.
2. SPREE USERS Drug abuser who uses drugs for a kick or just an
experience. This abuser constitutes a defiance of convention, an adventurous
daring experience or a means of having fun.
3. HARD CORE Activities revolves around almost entirely in drug experience
and securing supplies. He formally exhibits strong psychological dependence
on the drug.
4. HIPPIES - A type of drug abuser who are new and who uses drugs because
they believes, by taking it they go with the modern trend fashion.
VI. METHODS IN ADMINISTERING DRUGS
A. INJECTION METHOD This method is usually done with the aid of medical
apparatus and inject throughout the skin may it intravenously or intramuscularly.
Injection method can be done in any of the following manner.

and

A.1. SKIN POPPER METHOD The needle is inserted under the skin in
the convenient area and injects the drug. Its effects are more rapid
potent when taken orally.

A.2. VEIN SHOOTING OR MAIN LINING The hypodermic is prepared

and a cord is tied as a slip knot about his forearm. When the blood builds
up in the vein, the addicts inject the needle and apply a slight
suction to
see if the blood shows. If so, meaning they hit it then
injects the contents.
A.3. GEE RAG OR MEDICINE DROPPER METHOD The apparatus
for injecting drugs is a medicine dropper to which is attached a
hollow
needle or any type of needle like instrument. This is used to
puncture the
skin or the vein so that the tip of the medicine dropper can
be inserted.
B. SNIFF OR SNORT METHOD This is done by inhaling the drug. The drug is
absorbed by mucous membranes of the nose and throat and enters into the
blood streams.
C. SWALLOWING OR EATING METHOD This method is applicable only when
the drug to taken are capsules, tablets, or bake.
D. SMOKING METHOD This is the most ancient method of administering
drugs. This method is commonly used when the drug to be taken is in term of
cigarette.
E. INTRODUCTION THROUGH THE RECTUM OR ANUS This administration
is done with the aid of rubber tubing inserted through the rectum and the diluted
drug is conveyed by water. Its effect is less rapid and weak than any other
method use by an addict.

VII. CLASSIFICATION OF DANGEROUS DRUGS

PROHIBITED DRUGS
A. HALLUCENOGENS GROUP are drugs which affect sensation, thinking, selfawareness, and emotion. Changes in time and space perception, delusions (false
beliefs) and hallucinations may be mild or overwhelming, depending on dose and quality
of drugs.
1. LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide) This drug comes from ergot, the fungus that
spoils rye grain. It was the 25th medical discovery of Dr. Arthur Stoll and Albert
Hoffman, a Swedish chemist on 1938. LSD is an odorless, colorless,
tasteless, organic compound from lysergic acid and lysergic acid amide. This is
the most powerful of all hallucinogens drugs. LSD will fluoresce under the ultra
violet light and will react to the Marquis Field test by turning the reagent from
orange to grayish purple color. This powerful drug is 100 times more potent than
cocaine. One ounce of LSD would provide 300,000 doses.
How taken: licking or sucking
Substitute of LSD
Ethyl chloride, thinner, turpentine, cement glue, acetone, gasoline,
aerosol products.
Effects: Hallucinations, confusions, blurring of sound, taste, touch, and smell
sensations
Street Names
Acid, cubes, pearly gates, heavenly blue, Lucy in the sky with diamonds,
wedding bells, acid white sugar lightning, cubes brain eaters
Effects
Vivid hallucinations, confusion, and blurring of sound, taste, touch, and
smell sensation. He may see himself as divided into two parts: observing being
and experiencing self.
2. PCP (Phencyclidine) This drug is intravenously anesthetic and analgesic (pain
killer)
Effects of PCP
It will affect the brain and the central nervous system Convulsion and
Coma leading to death is the worst effects. The other effects are feeling of
weightlessness, hallucinations, difficulty in thinking, poor concentration and
preoccupation, nausea, vomiting profuse sweating, involuntary eye movements,
double vision, restlessness and decrease fertility.
Street names of PCP
Hog, Angle Dust, killer joints, ozone, wack, rocket fuel
3. MESCALINE This hallucinogens is the alkaloids of Peyote cactus called
Lophophora Williamsi which grows in the Rio Grande region of the U.S and
Mexico. It consists of button like tops of small narcotic cactus and cluster-like
buttons resembling mushrooms. This drug was known in 1896. A dose of 350 to
500 milligrams of mescaline produces illusions and hallucinations for 5 to 12
hours. Mescaline will react to the Marquis Field reagent by turning the reagent
into orange.
Street names: Cactus, buttons, beans
Effects of Mescaline

The effect of Mescaline includes the following: hallucinations intensified

sensual experiences, feelings of tremor, anxiety, impaired perception, increase
pulse rate, and blood pressure.
4. PSILICYBIN AND PSILOCYN (magic mushroom) It is taken from mush room
psilocybe mexicana.
Effects of Psilocybin
Pupillary dilation, increase deep tendon reflexes, slight increases in pulse,
blood pressure and body temperature.
5. DOM This drug was discovered by Dr. Alexander T. Shulgin in 1969. It is estimated
at about 100 times more potent than mescaline but 30 to 50 times less potent
than LSD.
Effects of DOM:
Nausea, appetite decreased more often than increased, increased
sweating, feeling of heat, numbness, tension, tremors, fatigue.

6. DET (Diethytryptamine) This drug is chemically related to Bufotenine and

Psyclocybin.
Effects of DET:
Rise in blood pressure, visual distortions, and dizziness.
7. DMT (Dimethyltryptamine) Is a short acting hallucinogen found in the seed of
plants in the West Indies. When this seeds will be powdered it is called COHOBA.
Street Names:
Businessmans Trip, Lunch Trip
8. IBOGAINE It is extracted from the roots of the Tabernantha Iboga Plant.
Effects of Ibogaine:
Rise in blood pressure, it stimulates the central nervous system.
9. BUFOTININE It is derive from the dried glandular secretions of toads, another from
amanita fungus, and also seeds and pods of the cahobe bean (Piptadenic
Peregrina).
10. MORNING GLORY SEEDS Its effect is similar to LSD.
Street Names:
Heavenly Blues, Flying Saucer, Pearly Gates.
11. MARIJUANA (Mexican Term: Pleasurable feeling) (Cannabis Sativa L. or Hemp
Plant) It contains Delta-9 THC (Tetrahydocannabinol) which is capable of producing
euphoric high.
Products of Marijuana
Fiber, Rope, Twine, Cloth, Hats, Oil, Paints, Varnishes, Fertilizer, Bird
Food
Preparation of Hemp
1. BHANG it is obtained from the leaves, the whole substance which is
reduced to powder and this powder is frequently mixed with spices, honey
or water it is
eaten or drunk as well as smoked.

2. REEFER Is the flowering tops which contained the main bulk or the resin
and it is made into cigarettes.
3. HASHISH Is the flowering tops of marijuana, its resin is soaked in butter
and water and mixed with almonds and honey then eaten in the form of
cakes. Also taken by smoking in pipes or cigarette in powder form.
4. CHARAS Is the resin extracted from the flowering tops and made into
sticks or mixed with some spices which is either eaten or smoked. (It is used
in India and Central Asia).
5. CHIRA Is the raw resin from the flowering tops, it is reduced to powder for
smoking.
6.

GANJA Consist of the flowering tops reduced to powder for smoking.

7. GASS Is taken from the tops of the females plant, you can make a smoking
mixture in a cigarette form.
8. MARIJUANA Is the pulverized leaves and flowers of the hemp plant,
prepared for a smoking mixture and rolled in a cigarette form.
Effects of Marijuana:
Relaxation, euphoria, increased appetite, moodiness, paranoia,
reddening of the eyes, coughing
9. ECSTACY It is taken through swallowing or inhalation.
Street Names:
XTC, Adam, essence, herbals, E.
Effects of Ecstacy:
Exaggerates emotions; makes heart rate and blood pressure hike up;
Dries the mouth; Stiffens
B. NARCOTICS GROUP
1. OPIUM Is a natural product of opium poppy, papaver somniferum. Opium comes
from a Greek word which means juice. It has a nitrogenous organic base that is
toxic to both man and animal.
Alkaloid derivatives of Opium:
Morphine, heroin, codeine
The Alkaloids of Opium is divided into:
Phenanthene addictive
Benxylisoquinoline not addictive
Worlds basic areas of poppy:
Mexico, Southeast Asia, Southwest Asia
Golden Triangle of poppy:
Laos, Burma, Thailand
Effects of Opium:
Euphoria, relaxed sleep, hallucinations, and pleasant dream state of well
being or mellow.
Withdrawal Symptoms:
Anxiety, sweating, muscle cramping, vomiting, hot and cold flasires

2. MORPHINE Derives from the Greek God of Dreams Morpheus. Is the principal
alkaloid of opium. It is medically used to remove pain. It
was discovered in 1805. It
was named after the Greek God of Dreams by the discoverer by a German Scientist
Friedrich Sertuner a Chemist.
Effects of Morphine:
Induces sleep, relieves pain, coma to death
Withdrawal Symptoms:
Morphine is the mild withdrawal of heroin. Yawning, watery eyes, runny
nose, sneezing, perspiration, loss of appetite, dilated pupils, tremors, loose flesh
Appearance: White Crystals, Hypodermic Tablet
3. HEROIN Is derived from Morphine. It was discovered in England in 1896 by a British
Chemist Alder Wright . It
was
also used to cure morphine addicts. Heroin is
derived from the word
hero, because of its courageous drive.
Effects of Heroin:
Euphoria, suppresses fear, tension and anxiety, insensibility
Withdrawal Symptoms:
Deep breathing, fever, insomnia, restlessness, rise in blood pressure,
vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, convulsions. Anxiety, aches, sweating,
nervousness
Appearance: White crystalline powder (Better Taste)
4.
5. METHADONE Pain reducer, it is used to detoxify heroin addicts.
REGULATED DRUGS
A. AMPHETAMINES GROUP
1. AMPHETAMINES Is a stimulating drug.
Street Names:
Uppers, PEP pills, Jolly Beans