Professional Documents
Culture Documents
commands
1. DATE: - Used to display the current system date and prompt for entering new date.
2. TIME: - Displays the current system Time and prompt for entering new time.
Syntax: Time <Enter>
Example: C:\> Time <Enter>
AFTER CLS
4. DIR: - This command displays the list of directories and files with details like date of creation whether
it is directory or file etc.
6. CD: - This command allows you to change present directory to another directory.
Syntax: CD [DRIVE:] PATH
9.VER: - All O/S has its own edition number or release or version number. The version number indicates
which edition of O/S you are working on.
Syntax: VER <Enter>
Example: C:\>Ver<Enter>
11. PATH: - This command defines a list of directories DOS Searches for external commands.
Syntax: PATH (Display the current Search Path)
PATH; : - ( Clear the search path so DOS will search for external commands only in the current directory)
12. DEL: This command removes one or more files from the disk or current working directories.
SYNTAX: DEL filespec [/p] or ERASE filespec [/p]
Example: C:\> DEL abc And Then Press Enter
14. PROMPT: This command allows you to customize the dos prompt.
SYNTAX: 1. PROMPT
Example: PROMPT $P$G <Enter>
15. TYPE: - This command allows you to see the contents of an existing file on the screen.
SYNTAX: TYPE <file name>
Example: C:\> TYPE SAMS
17. XCOPY: This command is faster than Copy Command and allows you to copy entire directories/disk
including all the sub directories and files to destination.
Syntax: XCOPY Source [ Target]SWITCHES :
18. MOVE : This command moves a file or group of files from one directory to another and also one
disk to another disk. It can also be used to rename directories.
SYNTAX: Move [Path File Name] [Destination file name path]
EXAMPLE: move c:\sams\fo.txt to d:\ new_sams
19. VOL: - It is used to display volume label and serial number of the current drive
Syntax: Vol [drive:]
Example: C:\> VOL
20. DELTREE: This command used for deleting an entire directory whether in that directory contains
files or subdirectories and also it will delete hidden files.
Syntax: DELTREE [drive:][path] directories [/y]
EXAMPLE: C:\> DELTREE my.txt and then press <Enter>
21. EDIT:This is the DOS Editor, which you can use to edit the text file and also creating new file.
Syntax: Edit [drive:][path][filename]
EXAMPLE: C:\> EDIT c:\sams\FO.TXT and then press <Enter>
IT
Couse_details_file
DS
Student_folder
Student_details_file
Output-
d1
d2
d3
Output
Excel
1. AVERAGE function
Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of the arguments. For example, if the range
A1:A20 contains numbers, the formula =AVERAGE(A1:A20) returns the average
of those numbers.
Syntax:- AVERAGE(number1, [number2], ...)
The AVERAGE function syntax has the following arguments:
Number1: Required. The first number, cell reference, or range for which you
want the average.
Number2: Optional. Additional numbers, cell references or ranges for which
you want the average, up to a maximum of 255.
2. COUNT function
The COUNT function counts the number of cells that contain numbers, and
counts numbers within the list of arguments. Use the COUNT function to get the
number of entries in a number field that is in a range or array of numbers.
Syntax COUNT(value1, [value2], ...)
The COUNT function syntax has the following arguments:
value: Required. The first item, cell reference, or range within which you want to
count numbers.
value2: Optional. Up to 255 additional items, cell references, or ranges within
which you want to count numbers.
3. SUM function
The SUM function adds all the numbers that you specify as arguments. Each
argument can be a range, a cell reference, an array, a constant, a formula, or the
result from another function.
Syntax SUM(number1,[number2],...])
The SUM function syntax has the following arguments:
number1: Required. The first number argument that you want to add. number2:
Optional. Number arguments 2 to 255 that you want to add.
Example:- SUM(A1:A5) adds all the numbers that are contained in cells A1
through A5. For another example, SUM(A1, A3, A5) adds the numbers that are
contained in cells A1, A3, and A5.
4. PRODUCT function
The PRODUCT function multiplies all the numbers given as arguments and
returns the product. For example, if cells A1 and A2 contain numbers, you
can use the formula =PRODUCT(A1, A2) to multiply those two numbers
together. You can also perform the same operation by using the multiply (*)
mathematical operator; for example, =A1 * A2.
The PRODUCT function is useful when you need to multiply many cells
together. For example, the formula =PRODUCT(A1:A3, C1:C3) is equivalent
to =A1 * A2 * A3 * C1 * C2 * C3.
Syntax PRODUCT(number1, [number2], ...)
The PRODUCT function syntax has the following arguments:
number1: Required. The first number or range that you want to multiply.
number2: Optional. Additional numbers or ranges that you want to multiply, up
to a maximum of 255 arguments.
5. MEDIAN function
Returns the median of the given numbers. The median is the number in the
middle of a set of numbers.
Syntax MEDIAN(number1, [number2], ...)
The MEDIAN function syntax has the following arguments:
Number1, number2: Number1 is required, subsequent numbers are optional. 1
to 255 numbers for which you want the median.
6. MODE function
This function is used to calculate the statistical mode of the given numbers. It
returns the element that is occurring maximum number of times.
Syntax MODE(number1,[number2],...])
The MODE function syntax has the following arguments:
Number1: Required. The first number argument for which you want to calculate
the mode.
Number2: Optional. Number arguments 2 to 255 for which you want to
calculate the mode. You can also use a single array or a reference to an array
instead of arguments separated by commas.
7. MAX function
8. MOD function
Returns the remainder after number is divided by divisor. The result has the
same sign as divisor.
Syntax MOD(number, divisor)
The MOD function syntax has the following arguments:
Number: Required. The number for which you want to find the remainder. Divisor:
Required. The number by which you want to divide number.
9. MIN function
Returns the smallest number in a set of values.
Syntax MIN(number1, [number2], ...)
The MIN function syntax has the following arguments:
Number1, number2: Number1 is optional, subsequent numbers are optional. 1
to 255 numbers for which you want to find the minimum value.
OUTPUT
10. IF function
The IF function returns one value if a condition you specify evaluates to TRUE,
and another value if that condition evaluates to FALSE. For example, the formula
=IF(A1>10,"Over 10","10 or less") returns "Over 10" if A1 is greater than 10, and
"10 or less" if A1 is less than or equal to 10.
Syntax IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])
The TODAY function is useful when you need to have the current date
displayed on a worksheet, regardless of when you open the workbook. It is also
useful for calculating intervals. For example, if you know that someone was
born in 1963, you might use the following formula to find that person's age as of
this year's birthday: =YEAR(TODAY())-1963
This formula uses the TODAY function as an argument for the YEAR function to
obtain the current year, and then subtracts 1963, returning the person's age.
Syntax
TODAY()
The TODAY function syntax has no arguments.
The NOW function is useful when you need to display the current date and
time on a worksheet or calculate a value based on the current date and time, and
have that value updated each time you open the worksheet.
Syntax NOW()
The NOW function syntax has no arguments.
count how many times a person's name appears in column B and, in that way,
determine how many tasks are assigned to that person. For example:
=COUNTIF(B2:B25,"Nancy")
Syntax COUNTIF(range, criteria)
The COUNTIF function syntax has the following arguments:
Range: Required. One or more cells to count, including numbers or names,
arrays, or references that contain numbers. Blank and text values are ignored.
Criteria: Required. A number, expression, cell reference, or text string that
defines which cells will be counted.
For example, criteria can be expressed as
32, ">32", B4, "apples", or "32".
19. LN function
Returns the natural logarithm of a number. Natural logarithms are based on the
constant e (2.71828182845904).
Syntax LN(number)
The LN function syntax has the following arguments:
Number: Required. The positive real number for which you want the natural
logarithm.
20. PI function
Returns the number 3.14159265358979, the mathematical constant pi, accurate to
15 digits.
Syntax PI()
The PI function syntax has no arguments.
QUESTION: Give the result of the following functions:1. Round(1.234,2) The result is 1.23
2. Abs(-2.369)
The result is 2.369.
3. Sqrt(-16)
The result is invalid as the number is negative.
4. Rounddown(3.29763,3)
The result is 3.297
5. oundup(7.86945,1) The
result is -7.9.
A
Name of employee
B
Basic Salary(Rs)
C
DA
D
HRA
E
Total
salary
2
3
4
5
Ankit
Ashima
Raman
Aman
18000
9000
6500
11000
The employees are paid Dearness Allowance(DA) as per the following rules:If Basic Salary<10,000 then DA is paid @ 10% of Basic Salary
1
2
3
A
Income
500
1000
B
No of employees
5
7
C
Total
D
Values
?
income
Average
income
4
5
i)
1500
2000
3
2
ii)
iii)
A
Roll
B
Marks
C
Marks
D
Total
E
Averag
No
in
in
mark
Maths
Eng.
marks
(out of
(out
100)
of
100)
2
700
98
87
3
701
87
79
4
702
70
80
5
703
65
69
6
704
56
55
Compute the following using appropriate functions & formulas:
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
HTML
1. Define HTML.
HTML, which stands for HyperText Markup Language, is a markup language used to
create web pages. The web developer uses "HTML tags" to format different parts of the
document. For example, you use HTML tags to specify headings, paragraphs, lists,
tables, images and much more.
HTML is a subset of Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) and is specified
by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
3. Create a webpage with title as your name, and also insert an image and also
write some content on the webpage in red color in italics.
<HTML>
<TITLE> MANISH BISHT </TITLE>
<HEAD>
HYPER TEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE
</HEAD>
<CENTER>
<IMG SRC="RDIAS.JPG" HEIGHT="80" WIDTH="80">
</CENTER>
<FONT COLOR=RED>
<CENTER>
<I>
RUKMANI DEVI INSTITUTE OF ADVANCE STUDIES
</I>
</CENTER>
</FONT>
</BODY>
</HTML>
4. Create a webpage with title as your name, and also insert a table of three
columns with some data and also write some content on the webpage in blue
color in bold and underlined and in different sizes.
<HTML>
<TITLE> MANISH BISHT</TITLE>
<HEAD><CENTER>
TABLE
</CENTER></HEAD>
<CENTER>
<TABLE BORDER=6>
<TR>
<TH>DAYS</TH>
<TH>1</TH>
<TH>2</TH>
<TH>3</TH>
<TH>4</TH>
<TH>5</TH>
<TH>6</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>MONDAY</TH>
<TD>ME</TD>
<TD>AFM</TD>
<TD>DS</TD>
<TD>MPOB</TD>
<TD>ITM</TD>
<TD>BC</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>TUESDAY</TH>
<TD>ME</TD>
<TD>DS</TD>
<TD>BLE</TD>
<TD>LIB</TD>
<TD>AFM</TD>
<TD>MPOB</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>WEDNESDAY</TH>
<TD>BLE</TD>
<TD>DS</TD>
<TD>AFM</TD>
<TD>ITM</TD>
<TD>BC</TD>
<TD>MPOB</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>THURSDAY</TH>
<TD>LIB</TD>
<TD>BLE</TD>
<TD>ITM LAB</TD>
<TD>ITM</TD>
<TD>MPOB</TD>
<TD>ME</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>FRIDAY</TH>
<TD>BLE</TD>
<TD>DS</TD>
<TD>MSD</TD>
<TD>BC</TD>
<TD>AFM</TD>
<TD>ME</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
</CENTER>
</BODY>
</HTML>
5. What are frames? How do they help in organizing contents of a web page?
HTML frames allow authors to present documents in multiple views, which may be
independent windows or sub windows. Multiple views offer designers a way to keep
certain information visible, while other views are scrolled or replaced. For example,
within the same window, one frame might display a static banner, a second a navigation
menu, and a third the main document that can be scrolled through or replaced by
navigating in the second frame.
Using tables and frames on your Web page helps you present information to your site
visitors in an organized manner. Tables are a layout tool for data tables on Web pages, but
the table capability for Web pages has long been used to control the layout of the entire
page.
Designers make the cells of a table very large, and put large graphics or whole blocks of
text in them. You can even resize tables automatically to accommodate various sizes of
Web-browser windows at least up to a point.
Whether and how to use tables was, for a long time, one of the most controversial topics
in Web-page design.
Frames are more powerful layout devices than tables, but they have fallen into disfavour.
They allow separate parts of the Web-browser window to be updated and scrolled
separately. However, they produce odd effects; users seem to prefer one unified window
to separate panes within a window.
When designing your own Web page, there are so many different elements that you have
to adjust in table-based page design that you need to invest a lot of time and energy to
learn how to use tables effectively for layout purposes. And then a whole other set of
issues arises about making sure your table-based page design works well on most or all
current computer systems and Web-browser setups that are in use.
To create your own tables, you can get started by using the InsertTable command in
Coffee Cup. However, you really need a more advanced tool to work effectively with
tables in your Web pages something like Microsoft FrontPage or Dreamweaver, both
of which give you more direct control over specific options. Of course, your other option
is to start doing a lot of experimenting in HTML until you learn how to get things just
how you want them.
Frames divide a Web page into separate areas which you can then update individually.
For example, you can click a link in a frame in the bottom half of a Web page and update
it with new content while the other frame stays unchanged. This seems like a powerful
capability. However, frames are less popular than tables because frames are hard to create
and manage. But advanced With frames, the trouble comes with the useful part; users
have a hard time using framed Web pages.
For example, when browsing a framed page, users sometimes have difficulty finding
where the cursor is. If the user moves the scroll bar, which frame scrolls? Also, going
forward and backward in a frame is different from going forward and backward in the
overall Web page, so users may get lost easily. And printing a framed page properly
requires extra steps.
Finally, frames create a functional problem or two. When users resize a browser window,
framed pages dont always resize correctly. And designing a framed page to work well for
various monitor sizes is even harder than correctly designing pages with tables embedded
in them.
<LI>SATURDAY</LI>
<LI>SUNDAY</LI>
</OL><HR>
<CENTER>
DEFINED LIST
</CENTER><DL>
<DT>MONDAY</DT>
<DD> - 1ST DAY </DD>
<DT>TUESDAY</DT>
<DD> - 2ND DAY </DD>
<DT>WEDNESDAY</DT>
<DD> - 3RD DAY </DD>
<DT>THURSDAY</DT>
<DD> - 4TH DAY </DD>
<DT>FRIDAY</DT>
<DD> - 5TH DAY </DD>
<DT>SATURDAY</DT>
<DD> - 6TH DAY </DD>
<DT>SUNDAY</DT>
<DD> - 7TH DAY </DD></DL></BODY></HTML>
SQL
Find the names of all employees whose salary is greater than 5000.
Find the names and salary of those employees who does not belongs to
Account department.
Find id, name and designation of employees in the ascending order of their
names.
Q3.
EID
ENAME
DESG
BRANCH SALARY
ADDRESS
Q4. Perform SQL commands: Student (roll-no, name, age, course, marks)
List all those students who are greater than 18 years of age and have opted
for MBA course.
Find out the name, course, marks and sort in the order of marks.