International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) Volume 12 Number 6 - Jun 2014

Development on Gas Leak Detection and Location

System Based on Wireless Sensor Networks: A
Review
Miss. Sindhu S Kale#1, Amairullah Khan#2
#

ME Student, ETC Department, Dr. BAMU, BEED,Maharashtra, India.

Abstract Gas leakage detection and monitoring may cause

heavy economic :losses and serious environmental pollution,
through wireless sensor network is considered to be more
economical for industries gas leakage. Main purpose of this
system model is to avoid damages and locate the leakage point.
These problems can be solved with the help of WSN based on
ZIGBEE. The entire control system is based on low power ARM
LPC 2103 microcontroller and ZIGBEE techniques. The gas
sensor node helps in collecting data regarding gas leakage and
provides the particular leakage area of sensor node address is
located. The collected information is sent to the central
monitoring unit to update the data. Data are continuously
transmitted from ZIGBEE sensor nodes 2 to ZIG-BEE
coordinator. This system provides performance and helps to
detect automatic gas leakage location. This paper focus on
overall design of a system.

Keywords ARM LPC 2103 microcontroller, Sensors, WSN,

Wireless Monitoring, ZIGBEE.

I. INTRODUCTION
The reliable detection and localization of gas leaks is
essential for ensuring safety and minimizing property damage.
In industry, a primary approach for detecting gas leaks is
based on the physical phenomenon of absorption of infrared
energy by combustible gases such as methane, propane or
ethane [6]. Wireless communication has become an important
feature for commercial products and a popular research topic
within the last ten years. With the continuing growth of the
forces of social production and the gradual awakening of the
peoples consciousness of the importance of production safety,
a series of measures have been put forth to ensure workers
safety. In high-risk industries such as chemical, electricity and
cement industries, small negligence may cause heavy
economic losses and serious environmental pollution.
However, there are still some shortcomings on real-time
monitoring and on data transmission and accurate location of
a leakage point when an accident happens. Mainly because:
most of the current equipments are based on wired networks,
it is backward in technology and hard to be deployed; the
technology of data acquisition in accidents is also backward
and so it is hard to locate the leakage point. These problems
can be solved with the help of WSN based on ZIGBEE WSN
has absolute superiority on data acquisition and transmission.

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II.

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

A. LPC2103
The LPC2101/2102/2103 microcontrollers are based on a
16-bit/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S CPU with real-time emulation
that combines the microcontroller with 8 kB, 16 kB or 32 kB
of embedded high-speed Fash memory. A 128-bit wide
memory interface and unique accelerator architecture enable
32-bit code execution at the maximum clock rate. For critical
performance in interrupt service routines and DSP algorithms,
this increases performance up to 30 % over Thumb mode. For
critical code size applications, the alternative 16-bit Thumb
mode reduces code by more than 30 % with minimal
performance penalty [7].
B. Max 232
MAX232 is compatible with RS-232 standard, and consists
of dual transceiver. Each receiver converts TIA/EIA-232-E
levels into 5V TTL/CMOS levels. Each driver converts TTL/COMS levels into TIA/EIA-232-E levels. The MAX232 is
characterized for operation from -40C to +85C for all
packages.MAX232 is purposed for application in highperformance in-formation processing systems and control
devices of wide application [8].
C. ZIG-BEE
ZIG-BEE is a specification for a suite of high level
communication protocols using small, low-power digital
radios based on the IEEE 802.15.4,2006 standard for wireless
personal area networks (WPANs), such as wireless
headphones connecting with cell phones via short-range radio.
The technology defined by the ZIG-BEE specification is
intended to be simpler and less expensive than other WPANs,
such as Bluetooth. ZIG-BEE is targeted at radio-frequency
(RF) applications that require a low data rate, long battery life,
and secure networking.
D. Software Tools
Keil development tools for the 8051 Microcontroller
Architecture support every level of software developer from
the professional applications. Source files are created by the
Vision IDE and are passed to the C51 Compiler or A51
Macro Assembler. The compiler and assembler process source
files and create replaceable object files. The Keil C51
Compiler is a full ANSI implementation of the C

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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) Volume 12 Number 6 - Jun 2014
programming language that supports all standard features of
the C language. In addition, numerous features for direct
support of the 8051 architecture have been added. Vision3
adds many new features to the Editor like Text Templates,
Quick Function Navigation, and Syntax Coloring with brace
high lighting Configuration Wizard for dialog based startup
and debugger setup. Vision3 is fully compatible to Vision2
and can be used in parallel with Vision2.
III. BACKGROUND AND RELATED RESEARCH
James Weimer et al. [1], proposed an approach to leak
detection using wireless sensor networks at carbon
sequestration sites. This paper concerns the problem of
detecting leaks at carbon sequestration sites through the
monitoring of CO2 levels using a wireless sensor network
(WSN). By applying a basic linear dynamic model for an
advectiondiffusion process, a model-based detection strategy
called the Iterative Partial Sequential Probability Ratio Test
(IPSPRT) can be employed to detect and localize multiple
leaks. A 3-D CO2 transport model is employed to provide a
proof of concept simulated evaluation of the IPSPRT against a
windowed-average approach in terms of time-to-decision vs.
probability of false alarm and probability of a missed alarm.
S. Edward Jero and A. Balaji Ganesh at [2], describes the
performance and functional characteristics of PIC18LF4620
based wireless sensor node in monitoring the parameters such
as CO2, Oxygen, temperature, humidity and light around the
pipeline structure. The system is deployed to monitor any
deviations in these parameters with the standard atmospheric
values eventually alert the user even to a remote location. The
proposed system is a battery operated wireless sensor node
which is interfaced with the external sensors to measure the
parameters and the distance range between sensor node and
coordinator node is also tested.
Mr. Sagar Shinde et al. [3], proposed a system, gives real
time detective of potential risk area, collect the data of leak
accident and locate leakage point. This system having
protection circuitry consists of exhaust fan and an Liquefied
Petroleum Gas Safe Solenoid Valve. The hazardous gasses
like Liquefied Petroleum Gas and Propane were sensed and
displayed each and every second in Liquid Crystal Display. If
these gasses exceed normal level then alarm is generated
immediately. In this system MQ-6 gas sensor used to sense
poisonous gas and has high sensitivity to LPG and also
response to natural gas. This work modifies the existing safety
model installed in industries. It offers quick response time and
accurate detection.

the data. Data packets are continuously transmitted from

sensor nodes and communication devices.
Andrey Somov et al. [5], describes the development and
the characterization of a wireless gas sensor network (WGSN)
for the detection of combustible or explosive gases and
consists of a sensor node, a relay node, a network coordinator,
and a wireless actuator. The sensor node attains early gas
detection; relay node receives and forwards traffic from sensor
nodes towards the network coordinator and vice versa and
when an emergency is detected, the network coordinator
alarms an operator through the GSM/GPRS or Ethernet
network, and may autonomously control the source of gas
emission through the wireless actuator. Our experimental
results demonstrate show the response time of the sensor to
various gases, and evaluate the power consumption of the
sensor node. The demonstrated WGSN could be used for a
wide range of gas monitoring applications.
Javid Huseynov et al. [6] propose an ultrasonic gas leak
localization system based on a distributed network of sensors.
The system deploys highly sensitive miniature Micro-ElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) microphones and uses a suite of
energy-decay (ED) and time-delay of arrival (TDOA)
algorithms for localizing a source of a gas leak. Statistical
tools such as the maximum likelihood (ML) and the least
squares (LS) estimators are used for approximating the source
location when closed-form solutions fail in the presence of
ambient background nuisance and inherent electronic noise.
The proposed localization algorithms were implemented and
tested using a Java-based simulation platform connected to
four or more distributed MEMS microphones observing a
broadband nitrogen leak from an orifice. The performance of
centralized and decentralized algorithms under ED and TDOA
schemes is analyzed and compared in terms of communication
overhead and accuracy in presence of additive white Gaussian
noise (AWGN).
IV. CONCLUSIONS
Gas leakage is one of the major problems in Industrial
sectors and causes heavy economic losses and serious
environmental pollution, this paper provides identify exact
location of gas leakage and the intimate via ZIG-BEE. Thus it
ensures easy maintenance and enhances safety as well as
provides low power consumption and cost effective system.
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node helps in collecting data regarding gas leakage and the
particular area of sensor node address is located. The collected
information is sent to the monitoring client or user to update

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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) Volume 12 Number 6 - Jun 2014

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