Pengetahuan Lokal

MATA KULIAH
PKSDA 2014
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FAKULTAS EKOLOGI MANUSIA INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR

ILMUWAN-ILMUWAN PSBM

Ruddle dan Anthony Charles

Berkes dan Ostrom

FAKULTAS EKOLOGI MANUSIA INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR

Mitos dan Tesis Baru

MITOS
Mitos 1

Orang miskin menyebabkan

kebanyakan kerusakan
lingkungan

Mitos 2
Orang miskin tidak peduli
terhadap lingkungan

Mitos 3
Orang miskin kurang memiliki
pengetahuan dan
sumberdaya untuk
memperbaiki lingkungannya

TESIS BARU
Tesis 1
Orang kaya menggunakan
sumberdaya lebih banyak dan
memiliki dampak lingkungan yang
lebih besar dari orang miskin.

Tesis 2
Orang miskin sadar dampak negatif
dari lingkungannya tergantung
pada lingkungan untuk hidup

Tesis 3
Orang miskin dapat mengelola
lingkungan lebih baik, Namun
pengetahuan tradisional mereka
seringkali diabaikan.
Sumber : Forsyth, 2004

FAKULTAS EKOLOGI MANUSIA INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR

PSBM Sebagai Institusi

Pilar-Pilar
Normatif
Regulatif
Kognitif 1

Kognitif 2

Belief
Worldview
Rules
Organization
Method
Practice
Local knowledge
Sumber : Dimodifikasi dari Berkes dan Scott

FAKULTAS EKOLOGI MANUSIA INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR

RAGAM ISTILAH (Ellen & Harris, 2000)

Indigenous knowledge

Traditional knowledge

Indigenous technical

Traditional environmental/

Ethnoecology

Peoples science

(IK)

knowledge (ITK)

Local knowledge
Folk knowledge,

ecological knowledge (TEK)

Rural peoples knowledge

FAKULTAS EKOLOGI MANUSIA INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR

Local Knowledge
Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) as a
cumulative body of knowledge, practice and
belief, evolving by adaptive processes and
handed down through generations by cultural
transmission, about the relationship of living
beings (including humans) with one another
and with their environment.

Berkes (1999:8)
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FAKULTAS EKOLOGI MANUSIA INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR

Local Knowledge
The knowledge acquired through
living in contact with the natural
resources of a particular area over
many generations

(Haggan and Brown, 2002)

FAKULTAS EKOLOGI MANUSIA INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR

Characteristics of IK
embedded-ness of knowledge in the local culture,
boundedness of local knowledge in space and time,
the importance of community,
lack of separation between nature and culture, and
between subject and object,
commitment to the local environment as a unique and
irreplaceable place, and
non-instrumental approach to nature
Berkes (1999:10) quoted Banuri and Apffel Marglin (1993),
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FAKULTAS EKOLOGI MANUSIA INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR

Characteristics of IK
(a) local,
(b) orally transmitted,
(c) constantly reinforced by experience, trial and error, and
deliberate experiment,
(d) empirical and empirico-hypothetical knowledge rather
than theoretical knowledge in the strict sense,
(e) constantly changing, being produced as well as
reproduced, discovered as well as lost,
(f) characteristically holistic, integrative and situated within
broader cultural traditions.
Ellen and Harris (2000)
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FAKULTAS EKOLOGI MANUSIA INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR

Practical Significances
(a) biological information and ecological insight,
(b) resources management,
(c) conservation of protected area,
(d) biodiversity conservation,
(e) environmental assessment,
(f) social development, and
(g) environmental ethics

(Berkes, 1999:28).

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FAKULTAS EKOLOGI MANUSIA INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR

Practical Significances
(a) traditional management methods,
(b) conservation,
(c) stock assessment,
(d) environmental impact assessment,
(e) local hydrography,
(f) fishing methods and technologies, and
(g) fish systematics and biology.
This is based on his assumption that for marine context, there
are three components ok LK : (a) fish behavior, (b) marine
physical environments and fish habitats, and (c) ecosystems
concept (Ruddle, 2000).
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FAKULTAS EKOLOGI MANUSIA INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR

Sistem Sawen

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FAKULTAS EKOLOGI MANUSIA INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR

PENANGKAPAN PAUS DI
LAMALERA

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Sik Asiiiiik- MENIKMATI HASIL

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POLA BAGI HASIL

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MENJEMUR PAUS

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BABI DAN PAUS

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GARASI PERAHU

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FAKULTAS EKOLOGI MANUSIA INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR

Terima Kasih
follow : @arif_satria

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FAKULTAS EKOLOGI MANUSIA INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR