Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
The Trane Company, in offering the TRACE Load 700 computer program, accepts no responsibility or liability for the design of buildings or
their support systems or for the accuracy of the building and system air conditioning load data. The building and system air conditioning load
data are based on conventional engineering principles, plus engineering data supplied only by the program user. Trane further accepts no
responsibility or liability for the suitability of the building air conditioning system in providing the proper temperature control, humidity
control, infiltration, ventilation, air distribution, and quiet operation.
Chapter 1 OVERVIEW
This document describes some of the algorithms used to generate output from the TRACE Load 700 program.
During the load calculation phase, the program takes the building information and stores the 24-hour load profile associated with each
room's load components (external conduction, internal, and solar loads) for each month of the design simulation period.
The design phase uses this load profile information and system information to first find when each room and zone assigned to a particular
system peaks, and then calculate the airflows and capacities using a psychrometric analysis.
The output consists of envelope, capacity and airflow summaries, peak load components, and cooling coil psychrometrics..
Use the jumps in the Table of Contents to access the desired report.
2.
The section lists every output field on the report, each containing a brief description and equations. The equations and algorithms
will typically be followed by a variable list with associated references. These references are prefixed with one of the two-letter codes
listed in Table 1.0 below.
3.
Use Acrobats search capabilities to find all occurrences of the reference of interest.
Choose Find from theTools menu (or press the Find button on the toolbar - the binoculars)
Type in the string that you wish to search for in the Find What field:
Variable (i.e. SADB)
Reference or Equation Number (i.e. Ref ##)
Key Word or Phrase
Press the Find button.
Continue to press the Find Again button to see other occurrences.
* The "TR" prefixes are followed by a 4-letter acronym representing a TRACE Load 700 program input screen. The screen acronyms are
listed in Table 1.1 that follows. For detailed descriptions of these screens or individual input fields, refer to the on-line Help.
Table 1.1 TRACE Load 700 Screen Acronyms
TR Acronym
WTHR
GENL
Weather Overrides
Create Rooms - Single Sheet
Create Rooms - Rooms
Create Rooms - Rooms
Create Rooms - Single Sheet
Create Rooms - Roofs
Create Rooms - Roofs
Create Rooms - Single Sheet
Create Rooms - Walls
Create Rooms - Single Sheet
Create Rooms - Walls
Create Rooms - Internal Loads
Create Rooms - Airflows
Create Rooms - Single Sheet
Create Rooms - Internal Loads
Internal & Airflow Loads Library - Lighting
Create Rooms - Single Sheet
Create Rooms - Internal Loads
Internal & Airflow Loads Library - Misc Equipment
STAT
ROOF
SKYL
WALL
GLAS
LSCH
PLIT
MISC
4
OACF
FNCF
PART
XFLR
EXSH
INSH
STYP
SOPT
FNSP
SADB
FNOV
CLGC
HTGC
TIME
LSIM
ZNSS
* Acronyms that may be included, but are not related to TRACE Load 700
DAYL
Daylighting Controls (TRACE 600 only)
EMSH
EMS/BAS Schedules (TRACE 600 only)
ESIM
Energy Simulation (TRACE 600 only)
EQSH
Equipment Schedules (TRACE 600 only)
RUFS
Resource Utilization (TRACE 600 only)
System Type acronyms are listed with the accompanying description in Appendix A of this manual. For detailed descriptions of these
System Types, refer to the on-line Help.
Additional documentation of the program algorithms is available in the TRACE 600 Engineering Manual (TRCE-UM-602.)
Time
Zone
Number
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
- 10
- 11
(Alaskan)
(Pacific)
(Mountain
)
(Central)
(Eastern)
(Atlantic)
Degrees
West
Longitude
- 172
+ 172
+ 157
+ 142
+ 127
+ 112
+ 97
+ 82
+ 67
+ 52
+ 37
+ 22
+7
-7
- 22
- 37
- 52
- 67
- 82
- 97
- 112
- 127
- 142
- 157
Degrees
East
Longitude
+ 172
+ 157
+ 142
+ 127
+ 112
+ 97
+ 82
+ 67
+ 52
+ 37
+ 22
+7
-7
- 22
- 37
- 52
- 67
- 82
- 97
- 112
- 127
- 142
- 157
- 172
6
Ref #7. Barometric Pressure
The Design Barometric Pressure, DOAPS, is used to correct the properties of moist air for elevation. This value is equivalent to the total
pressure of the moist (supply) air. The barometric pressure is echoed from the Weather Library.
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------RHRAT
Relative humidity normalizing ratio, decimal
RH t,new
New hourly value of relative humidity, %
RH t,old
Hourly values relative humidity from the
Weather Library, %
SDRH old
Summer design relative humidity; a function of
SDWB old , SDDB old , and DOAPS, %
SDRH new
Summer design relative humidity; a function of
SDWB new , SDDB new , and DOAPS, %
7
The winter design dry bulb, WDDB, is echoed from the Weather Library unless overridden by user entry on the Weather Overrides
screen. The winter design dry bulb is used in the design of the heating coils and heating-only fans.
(Ma + Mw)
AIRDEN = --------- =
V
Ref#
-------EQ 15
RF 15
Variable
------------AIRDEN
CWRT
RF 15
C1
RF 15
C2
RF 7
RF 15
DOAPS
Ma
RF 15
Mw
RF 15
RF 15
PW
Ra
RF 15
RF 15
SAW
SADB
V
v
1 + SAW/CWRT
C1 x (1 + SAW/CWRT) (DOAPS - PW)
------------ = -------------------------------v
Ra x (SADB + C2)
Description
----------------------------------------------3 [kg/m 3 ]
Supply air density, lbm/ft
Humidity ratio conversion constant =
7000 [1], grains/(lbm/lbm)
Conversion constant = 70.72 [1000],
lbf/ft 2 /in.H20 [N/m/kPa]
Absolute temperature conversion constant = 459.6
[273.15], R [K]
Barometric pressure, in.Hg [kPa]
Mass of dry air within a given moist air
volume, lbm [kg]
Mass of water vapor within a given moist air
volume, lbm [kg]
Partial pressure of moist air, in.Hg [kPa]
Gas constant for dry air Equals 53.352
[287.05], ft-lbf/lbm-R [N-m/kg-C]
Supply air humidity ratio, grains
Supply air dry bulb, F [C]
3 [m 3 ]
Total volume of moist air, ft
3 /lbm dry air
Moist air specific volume, ft
3
[m
/kg dry air]
For calculation purposes, the air density is determined assuming SADB = 59 F [15 C] and SAW = 70 grains.
Variable
------------AIRDEN
CONVFC
CPAIR
K
Description
----------------------------------------------3 [kg/cu m]
Supply air density, lbm/ft
Conversion factor = 60 [1000], min/hr [J/kJ]
Specific heat of moist air, Btu/lbm-F [kJ/kg-C]
Density-specific heat product, Btu-min/(hr-ft
[J/(m 3 -C)]
3 -F)
Variable
------------AIRDEN
CONVFC
HFAC
HFG
RF 18
LFAC
Description
----------------------------------------------Air density, lbm/ft 3 [kg/m 3 ]
Conversion factor = 60 min/hr [1000 J/kJ]
3 ) [J-kg/(kJ-m 3 )]
Enthalpy factor, lbm-min/(hr-ft
Energy content of 50% relative humidity water
vapor at 75 F [24 C] less the energy content
of water at 50 F [10 C] = 1076 Btu/lbm [2503 kJ/kg]
3 ) [J/m 3 ]
Latent heat factor, Btu-min/(hr-lbm-ft
2.1.2 CHECKSUMS
A checksums report is created for every room, zone, and system defined for the project. This report is a single page overview of the
cooling/heating loads and design information, including: cooling and heating space and coil peak loads, coil selection criteria, design
airflows, engineering checks and design temperatures.
Note: For accurate design information, use the report at the same level as the component of interest. For example, if you want the design
information for a room level heating coil, such as in a VAV box, refer to the Room Checksums report for that room.
System Type acronyms are listed with the accompanying description in Appendix A of this manual.
The Checksums report is divided into nine sections as follows:
Ref #53a.
This section summarizes the load components comprising the main cooling coil capacity as defined by the "Time of Coil Peak" results
from the Peak Cooling Loads, Internal Loads, Building Envelope Loads, Airflow Loads, and Heat Gain/Loss reports. If the main cooling
coil sizing method is BLOCK or BLK
-INT the Block Totals of the various reports are used; otherwise, the Peak Totals are used.
This section includes all load components at the time of the cooling coil peak regardless if those components were used in the calculation
of cooling capacity; therefore, the sensible plus latent total may or may not match the main cooling coil capacity. For example, if the main
cooling coil has been sized as SKIN, the internal loads are still printed out even though they were not used to size the cooling coil.
Ref #53b.
This section summarizes the load components used to size the main cooling fan as defined by the "Time of Space Peak" results from the
Peak Cooling Loads, Internal Loads, Building Envelope Loads, Airflow Loads, and Heat Gain/Loss reports. If the main cooling fan sizing
method is BLOCK or BLK
-INT the Block Totals of the various reports are used; otherwise, the Peak Totals are used.
This section includes all load components at the time of the cooling space peak regardless if those components were used in the calculation
of fan size; therefore, the space sensible total may or may not match the value used to calculate fan size. For example, if the main cooling
fan has been sized as SKIN, the internal loads are still printed out even though they were not used to size the main cooling fan.
Ref #53c.
Column "Space Sensible": This section summarizes the load components used to size the main heating fan as defined by the "Time of
Space Peak" results from the Peak Heating Loads, Internal Loads, Building Envelope Loads, Airflow Loads, and Heat Gain/Loss reports.
If the main heating fan sizing method is BLOCK or BLK
-INT the System Block Totals of the various reports are used; otherwise, the
Peak Totals are used. (NOTE: all pre-built system types except induction assume PEAK.) This section includes all load components at the
time of the heating space peak regardless if those components were used in the calculation of fan size; therefore, the space sensible total
may or may not match the value used to calculate fan size. For example, if the main heating fan has been sized as SKIN, the internal loads
are still printed out even though they were not used to size the main heating fan.
Column "Sensible Total": This section summarizes most of the main heating coil load components as defined by the "Time of Coil Peak"
results from the Peak Heating Loads, Internal Loads, Building Envelope Loads, Airflow Loads, and Heat Gain/Loss reports. Note,
however, that although these components are used to help size the main heating coil, the actual heating coil capacity is also a function of
the heating coil location with respect to the preheat coil, i.e., the preheat coil is assumed to meet part or all of the return air and ventilation
load components, depending on the design preheat coil leaving temperature. For any system types that have heating coils located at the
zone or system level, the design heating coil temperature will automatically be sized to handle the worst case heating zone (or room)
which may lead to oversizing. This is typically good design practice except for those instances in which 1) either the heating airflow or coil
temperature can be cycled to meet the load or 2) if air leakage between zones (or rooms) prevents temperature stratification between of the
existence of "air" walls or large doorways. To prevent oversizing for these special cases the Main Heating Coil Capacity can be userdefined as No Oversizing on the Create Systems - Heating Overrides screen.
Ref #53d.
For the convenience of the user, coil selection values can be printed for the room, zone, and system level even though the affected coil
may exist at only one of those levels. For example, a shutoff-VAV system has a single cooling coil located at the system level while a fan
coil system has a coil located in each room. Only use the selection values that correspond to the coil level location; other values may be
inappropriate as sum-totals or averages.
The three possible cooling coils are: Main Cooling, Auxiliary Cooling, and Optional Ventilation Cooling. Typically, only the main cooling
coil parameters are printed out.
10
Main Cooling: See Ref #33 for a description of the associated coil selection parameters. Note that if the system type was a heating-only
system such as UV or RAD, the main cooling coil selection parameters will print out zeroes.
Auxiliary Cooling: See Ref #34 for a description of the associated coil selection parameters. However, none of the pre-built system types
have an auxiliary cooling coil unless the user adds one by user entry on the Create Systems - Cooling Overrides screen).
Optional Ventilation Cooling: See Ref #35 for a description of the associated coil selection parameters. The optional ventilation cooling
coil line will print out zeroes unless a value is enteredSADB
for vc on the Create Systems - Options screen.
NOTE: When using these values in conjunction with a coil selection program, only use the capacity, coil airflow, and entering coil
conditions. Do NOT use the estimated coil leaving values as these will vary depending on the type of coil selected.
Ref #53e.
Areas
Ref #53f.
The six possible heating coils are: Main Heating, Auxiliary Heating, Preheat, Reheat, Humidification, and Optional Ventilation Heating.
Typically, only the main heating and preheat coils will print out non-zero values.
Main Heating: Note that if the system type uses radiation heating such as BPVAV, VAV or RAD, the entering and leaving coil selection
parameters will print out as zeroes. Except for the most basic systems (such as RAD), the main heating coil capacity is not
simply a sum of the heating load components printed under the Heating Coil Peak section of this report. If a preheat coil exists,
it is assumed to handle some or all of the return air and ventilation components. Mixing systems with an economizer are sized to
handle the extra "reheat" load of the economizer air. (Also see the text for HEATING COIL PEAK above.) See Ref's #37 and
#79 for a description of the associated coil selection parameters.
Auxiliary Heating: See Ref #34 for a description of the associated coil selection parameters. Only the system types VAVBSK and
VAVFSK have an auxiliary heating coil unless the user adds one by user entry on the Create Systems - Heating Overrides
screen.
Preheat: Not all systems have preheat coils. For some systems the preheat and main heating coil are combined (i.e., they are one and the
same coil). If a preheat coil exists, it is assumed to handle some or all of the return air and ventilation components. See Ref #39
for a description of the associated coil selection parameters.
Reheat: Not all systems have reheat coils. For some systems the reheat and main heating coil are combined (i.e., they are one and the same
coil). See Ref's #40 and #138 for a description of the associated coil selection parameters. Note that both VAV and BPVAV
have reheat coils located in the room (as baseboard radiation) while systems VRH and BPVRH have reheat coil located in each
room's terminal box.
Humidification: This coil size defaults to zero unless the user explicitly enters a value for Minimum Room Relative Humidity on the
Create Systems - Design Temperatures screen. See Ref's #41 and #140 for a description of the associated coil selection
parameters. Note that the humidification capacity is a direct function of the heating infiltration and ventilation airflows; if both
of these quantities are zero for heating design, the humidification coil will be set to zero capacity regardless of the value entered
for Minimum Room Relative Humidity. Another common error occurs when the calculated value for Design Room Relative
Humidity (entered on the Create Rooms - Rooms screen) is overridden by the Psychrometric algorithm and is lower than the
Minimum Room Relative Humidity value. In this case, the Humidity Ratio Difference should also be entered on the Create
Systems - Design Temperatures screen. NOTE: THE ENTERING AND LEAVING CONDITIONS LISTED HERE ARE IN
TERMS OF GRAINS, NOT TEMPERATURES!
Optional Ventilation Heating: See Ref's #42 and #136 for a description of the associated coil selection parameters. The optional ventilation
cooling coil line will print out zeroes unless a value is enteredSADB
for vh on the Create Systems - Options screen.
SUGGESTION: When using these values in conjunction with a coil selection program, only use the capacity, coil airflow, and entering
coil conditions. Do NOT use the estimated coil leaving values as these will vary depending on the type of coil selected. For the case where
the main heating and preheat coils are combined (i.e., they are one and the same coil), sum the two capacities to arrive at the actual
11
combined capacity, the entering condition will equal the preheat coil entering condition while the leaving condition will equal the main
heating coil leaving condition.
Ref #53g.
Airflows
Ventilation: This is the ventilation airflow at the time of the space peak. See Ref's #26, #123, and #133.
Infiltration: This is the infiltration airflow at the time of the space peak. See Ref #119.
Supply: This represents the design supply airflow used to size the main supply fan. See Ref's #27, #28, #58 and #72.
Mincfm: MINCFM represents the minimum operating supply airflow. The terminal box "minimum stop" (or "reheat minimum") nominal
setpoint is set equal to the larger of the two values. This value is used by system types with variable airflow to the space (i.e.,
VAV, VAVBSK, VAVFSK, VRH, BPVAV, BPVRH, PFPVAV, PFPVAVRA, SFPVAV, 2FDDVV, DDVAV). For the
terminal reheat system, TRH, the reheat minimum is set equal to 100% of design supply airflow.
Return: This represents the design airflow used to size the return fan. See Ref #29.
Exhaust: This represents the design airflow used to size the main exhaust fan. See Ref #30.
Room Exhaust: This represents the design airflow used to size the room exhaust fan. See Ref #32.
Auxiliary: This represents the design supply airflow used to size the auxiliary fan, if it exists.
Ref #53h.
Engineering Checks
Capacity values are taken from Ref's #53d/#53f and airflows from Ref #53g. Any auxiliary coil/airflow is ignored. Also see Ref's #44-50.
Clg % OA: (Cooling Ventilation) / (Design Cooling Supply Airflow) x 100
Clg Cfm/Sqft: (Design Cooling Supply Airflow) / (Floor Area)
Clg Cfm/Ton: (Design Cooling Supply Airflow) / (Main Clg Cap + Opt Vent Clg Cap)
Clg Sqft/Ton: (Floor Area) / (Main Clg Cap + Opt Vent Clg Cap)
Number of People: from time of cooling space peak. See Ref #83.
Htg % OA: (Heating Ventilation) / (Design Heating Supply Airflow) x 100
Htg Cfm/Sqft: (Design Heating Supply Airflow) / (Floor Area)
Htg Btuh/Sqft: (Main Htg Cap + Opt Vent Htg Cap) / (Floor Area) x 1000.
Ref #53i.
Temperatures, F [C]
SADB: design supply air dry bulbs used to size the fan supply airflow (from time of space peak). See Ref's #57 and #71.
Plenum (PLENDB) : Plenum temperature from time of coil peak. See Ref #91. If no plenum exists, PLENDB is set equal to the design
room cooling/heating dry bulb.
Return (RADBT) : Return air temperature from time of coil peak. See Ref #153.
Ret/OA (ROADB) : Return/outside air mixture temperature from time of coil peak. See Ref #159 for similar type calculation.
Runaround (RRDB) : Runaround temperature from time of coil peak. Typically equal to plenum temperature. Only relevant for TAB,
PFPVAV, PFPVAVRA, SFPVAV, and 2FDDVV system types. See Ref #151.
FnMtrTD (MTRTD) : Main fan motor heat temperature difference. See Ref #160.
FnBldTD (BLDTD) : Main fan blade heat temperature difference. See Ref #160.
FnFrict (FDUCTD) : Main fan duct friction heat due to airstream kinetic energy translation. See Ref #160.
12
13
Variable
------------CONV air
OANOM
OAUNIT
OAVAL
PCTOA t
Description
----------------------------------------------Airflow conversion factor
Nominal value of outside air this hour, cfm [cms]
Outside air unit
Outside air value
Scheduled percent of outside airflow from
time of peak space cooling load sub-report
or peak space heating sub-report. The larger
of the two percents is used.
Units Acronym
ACH-HR
CFM
CFM-P
CFM-SF
M3\S
M3\SPERS
M3\SM2
PCT-MCLG
PCT-MHTG
Description
air chgs/hr
ft 3 /min
cfm/person
cfm/ft 2
m 3 /sec
cms/person
cms/m 2
% Main CFMC
% Main CFMH
c
c
14
If (FNSIZE r = NO-FAN) Then DSRACF = 0
If (DSRACF <
Ref#
Variable
Description
-------- ------------- ----------------------------------------------RF 30
BALANCE
Acronym indicating that the return fan will be
sized such that the system is in balance
EQ 27
DSCFM c
Design main cooling airflow, cfm [cms]
EQ 30
DSEXCF
Design system exhaust airflow, cfm [cms]
EQ 29
DSRACF
Design return airflow, cfm [cms]
RF 29
FNSIZE r
Return fan sizing Method (Default = BALANCE)
RF 29
NO-FAN
Acronym indicating that no return fan exists
EQ 153
RACFMT c
Total return airflow just prior to the main
exhaust (at time of main cooling space peak),
cfm [cms]
RF 29
SAME-CF
Acronym indicating that return fan size will
equal the main cooling fan size
Ref #30. Exhaust Airflow (Main System)
The design main exhaust airflow quantity will depend on the Main Exhaust Fan Sizing Method defined by the System Library.
15
balance the system at the time of the main
cooling space peak, cfm [cms]
Ref #31. Auxiliary System Supply Airflow
Typically, this value will be zero except for system types VAVFSK, VAVBSK, IND, and INDFP.
The design auxiliary airflow during the cooling mode is equal to the auxiliary cooling supply airflow at the time of the auxiliary cooling
space peak.
DSCFM ac = DSFNCF ac
The design auxiliary airflow during the heating mode is equal to the auxiliary heating supply airflow at the time of the auxiliary heating
space peak.
DSCFM ah = DSFNCF ah
The design auxiliary fan airflow quantity will depend on the Auxiliary Fan Sizing Method defined by the System Library.
System Type
BPVAV
BPVRH
BPMZ
COMP
DD
DDVAV
FC
INCHP
1
IND
1
INDFP
MZ
PFPVAV
Sizing Method
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
Level Location
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
Deck Location
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
Fan Config
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
16
PFPVAVRA
PTAC
RAD
RTMZ
SFPVAV
SZ
TAB
TRH
2FDDVV
UV
VAV
VAVBSK
2
VAVFSK
VRH
VTCV
WSHP
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
1
Used to size the induced (secondary) airflow
2
Only this system will automatically size an auxiliary fan. It is optional for all other system types.
17
Variable
Description
------------- ------------------------------------------------------CONST
Units conversion
constant = 12,000 Btuh/ton [1000 W/kW]
QCAP c
Main cooling coil capacity, tons [kW]
QLAT cl,c
Main cooling coil latent component at time of
coil peak, Btu/hr [W]
QSENS cl,c
Main cooling coil sensible component at time of
coil peak, Btu/hr [W]
If the user has overridden this calculated value by user entry on the Create Systems - Cooling Overrides screen, the user-entered value is
printed here.
The coil airflow at the time of the coil peak,
COILCF c , will also depend on the type of system as discussed by Ref #65.
The coil entering condition is a function of the return/outside condition at the time of the main cooling coil peak and is printed in the
Checksums report.
Variable
Description
------------- ------------------------------------------------------CEDB c
Main cooling coil entering dry bulb, F [C]
CEH c
Main cooling coil entering enthalpy, Btu/lbm [kJ/kg]
CETD c
Temperature increase prior to coil due to supply fan
heat, F [C]
CEW c
Coil entering humidity ratio, grains [kg/kg]
CLDB c
Coil leaving dry bulb at time of main cooling coil
peak, F [C]
CLH c
Main cooling coil leaving enthalpy, Btu/lbm [kJ/kg]
CLTD c
Temperature increase due to fan heat after air leaves
coil, F [C]
CLW c
Coil leaving humidity ratio, grains [kg/kg]
CPDRY
Specific heat of dry air =
0.24 Btu/(lbm-F) [1.0 kJ/(kg-C)]
CPWET
Specific heat of water vapor =
0.444 Btu/(lbm-F) [1.805 kJ/(kg-C)]
CWRT
Humidity ratio conversion constant =
7000 [1], grains/(lbm/lbm)
18
RF 33
RF 154d
HCONST
DSRMW c
RF 53i
ROADB c
RF 53i
SADB c
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------CONST
Units conversion
constant = 12,000 Btuh/ton [1000 W/kW]
QCAP ac
Auxiliary cooling coil capacity, Btu/hr [kW]
QLAT cl,ac
Auxiliary cooling coil latent component,
Btu/hr [W]
QSENS cl,ac
Auxiliary cooling coil sensible component,
Btu/hr [W]
If the user has overridden this calculated value by user entry to the Create Systems - Cooling Overrides screen, the user-entered value is
printed here.
The coil entering condition is a function of the room condition at the time of the coil peak.
19
RF 34
CPWET
RF 34
CWRT
RF 154d
DSRMW ac
RF 34
RF 34
HCONST
ROADB ac
RF 64
SADB ac
COILCF vc = DSOACF
The nominal capacity of the coil is a function of the enthalpy difference between the entering and leaving airstreams:
20
RF 33
RF 16
CONST
CPDRY
RF 16
CPWET
RF 35
CWRT
EQ 26
DSOACF
RF 35
EQ 18
EQ 17
HCONST
HFAC
K
EQ 35
QCAP vc
TR STYP
SADB vc
RF 10
SDDB
RF 11
SDWB
Units conversion
constant = 12,000 Btuh/ton [1000 W/kW]
Specific heat of dry air = 0.24 Btu/(lbm-F)
[1.0 kJ/(kg-C)]
Specific heat of water vapor = 0.444 Btu/(lbm-F)
[1.805 kJ/(kg-C)]
Humidity ratio conversion constant =
7000 [1], grains/(lbm/lbm)
Design outside air (ventilation) airflow,
cfm [cms]
Enthalpy constant = 1061 Btu/lbm [2468 kJ/kg]
3 ) [J-kg/(kJ-m 3 )]
Enthalpy factor, lbm-min/(hr-ft
Density-specific heat product,
Btu-min/(hr-ft 3 -F) [J/(m 3 -C)]
Optional ventilation cooling coil capacity,
Btu/hr [W]
Optional ventilation cooling coil design supply
air dry bulb, F [C]
Summer design dry bulb from Weather Library,
F [C]
Summer design wet bulb from Weather Library,
F [C]
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------QCAP c,tot
Total cooling coil capacity, Btu/hr [W]
QCAP ac
Auxiliary cooling coil capacity, Btu/hr [W]
QCAP c
Main cooling coil capacity, Btu/hr [W]
QCAP vc
Optional ventilation cooling coil capacity,
Btu/hr [W]
21
The purpose of the preheat coil is typically to prevent the downstream cooling coil from freezing. The preheat coil capacity can be
combined with the main heating coil to allow a single coil to be used for both the preheat and regular modes. Only the preheat mode is
described in this section.
The preheat coil airflow is assumed to be equal to the return/outside airflow,
ROACFM c , at the time of the main cooling space peak
unless ROACFM c is zero.
COILCF ph = ROACFM c
IF (ROACFM c = 0) Then COILCF ph = ROACFM h
The preheat coil entering condition is based on the return/outside air condition at the time of the main heating coil peak.
IF (CLDECK ov = ROADK)
Then QOAPH = K * DSOACF * (OADB
Otherwise QOAPH = 0
vh - CLDB ph )
The return air component of the preheat coil load is given by:
Ref#
Variable
Description
-------- ------------- ----------------------------------------------EQ 160
BLOWTD
Fan temperature difference in supply air stream
22
RF 53f
RF 53f
TR SADB
RF 53f
TR STYP
CEDB ph
CEW ph
CLDB ph,min
CLDB ph,max
CLDB ph
CLDECK ov
TB
RF
RF
RF
CLSIZE ph
CLW ph
COILCF ph
COMBINED
2.4
53f
53f
39
TB 2.8
EQ 161
CTCNTL
DRAWTD
EQ 57
EQ 26
EQ 165f
DSADB c
DSOACF
DUCTTD
EQ 39
EQ 162f
ECOPNT
FDUCTD c
EQ 17
RF
EQ
EQ
EQ
EQ
OADB vh
QCAP ph
QOAPH
QRAPH
RADBT h
39
39
39
39
153
EQ 147
ROACFM c
EQ 147
ROACFM h
RF 53i
ROADB h
EQ 39
ROADK
EQ 39
ROAW h
RF 39
VAV
EQ 12
WDDB
A sample calculation procedure follows using the system block information from the Design Airflow Quantities, Main System Peak
Cooling Loads, Building Envelope Loads, and System Psychrometrics reports.
The design preheat coil airflow for a PFPVAV system is equal to the return/outside airflow at the time of the main cooling space peak, i.e.,
(see RF 27)
The outside air dampers are located on the return/outside deck, so:
RADBT h
+ DSOACF
WDDB]
/ ROACFM
= [(RF 147) - (RF 26) * (EQ 153) + (RF 26) * (RF 12)] / (RF 147)
CEDB ph = ROADB h
If neither CLDB ph,min nor CLDB ph,max was entered:
23
ECOPNT = DSADB c
(BLOWTD
DRAWTD
FRDUCT
c +
DUCTTD)
= (RF 57) - [(RF 160) + (RF 161) + (RF 162) + (RF 165)]
CLDB ph = ECOPNT
The ventilation and return air components of the preheat capacity can then be found:
QOAPH =
* DSOACF
(WDDB
- CLDB
ph )
QRAPH =
(ROACFM
- DSOACF)
(RADBT
CLDB ph )
= (RF 17) * [(RF 147) - (RF 26)] * [(EQ 153) - (EQ 39)]
Since PFPVAV is a variable air volume fan system, we ignore the QRAPH component if it is positive:
QCAP ph = QOAPH
If this had been a constant volume fan system, the preheat capacity would have been reduced by the positive QRAPH component, e.g.,
QCAP ph =
However, the heating load due to the return air load does not necessarily disappear since the preheat coil only heats the return outside air to
CLDB ph . Either a reheat coil (for VAV systems) or a main heating coil located further downstream must still reheat the leaving
preheat coil airflow to the design room heating dry bulb. See Ref #79.
Table 2.4 Preheat Coil Characteristics
System Type
BPVAV
BPVRH
BPMZ
COMP
DD
DDVAV
FC
PFPVAV
PFPVAVRA
INCHP
IND
INDFP
MZ
PFPVAV
PFPVAVRA
PTAC
RAD
RTMZ
SFPVAV
Sizing Method
SEPARATE
SEPARATE
SEPARATE
SEPARATE
SEPARATE
SEPARATE
COMBINED
SEPARATE
SEPARATE
COMBINED
SEPARATE
SEPARATE
SEPARATE
SEPARATE
SEPARATE
COMBINED
NO-COIL
SEPARATE
SEPARATE
Level Location
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
Deck Location
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
ROADK
ROADK
24
SZ
TAB
TRH
2FDDVV
UV
VAV
VAVBSK
VAVFSK
VRH
VTCV
WSHP
COMBINED
SEPARATE
SEPARATE
SEPARATE
NO-COIL
SEPARATE
SEPARATE
SEPARATE
SEPARATE
COMBINED
COMBINED
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
System Type
BPVAV
BPVRH
BPMZ
COMP
DD
DDVAV
FC
INCHP
IND
INDFP
MZ
PFPVAV
PFPVAVRA
PTAC
RAD
RTMZ
SFPVAV
SZ
TAB
TRH
2FDDVV
UV
Sizing Method
COMBINED
COMBINED
NO-COIL
COMBINED
NO-COIL
SEPERATE
NO-COIL
NO-COIL
NO-COIL
NO-COIL
NO-COIL
COMBINED
NO-COIL
NO-COIL
NO-COIL
NO-COIL
COMBINED
NO-COIL
COMBINED
COMBINED
SEPARATE
NO-COIL
CDECK
ROOM
B-DECKS
ROOM
B-DECKS
ROOM
SAME-CC
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
B-DECKS
25
VAV
VAVBSK
VAVFSK
VRH
VTCV
WSHP
COMBINED
SEPARATE
SEPARATE
COMBINED
NO-COIL
NO-COIL
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOMDK
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
26
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------AREA fl
Floor area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
DSCFM c
Cooling air quantity, cfm [cms]
2 [cms/m 2 ]
VCPA
Cooling airflow per floor area, cfm/ft
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------DSCFM c
Cooling supply airflow, cfm [cms]
QCAP c
Main cooling coil capacity, tons [kW]
QCAP vc
Optional ventilation cooling coil capacity,
Btu/hr [W]
VCPT
Airflow per unit cooling capacity, cfm/ton [cms/kW]
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------AREA fl
Floor area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
2 /ton [m 2 /kW]
APT
Area per unit cooling capacity, ft
QCAP c
Main cooling coil capacity, tons [kW]
QCAP vc
Optional ventilation cooling coil capacity,
Btu/hr [W]
27
HGPA = (QCAP c + QCAP vc ) x CONST / AREA fl
Ref#
-------EQ 51
RF 48
EQ 48
EQ 33
EQ 35
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------AREA fl
Floor area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
CONST
Units conversion
constant = 12,000 Btuh/ton [1000 W/kW]
2 [W/m 2 ]
HGPA
Heat gain per unit floor area, Btuh/ft
QCAP c
Main cooling coil capacity, tons [kW]
QCAP vc
Optional ventilation cooling coil capacity,
Btu/hr [W]
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------AREA fl
Floor area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
DSCFM h
Main heating airflow, cfm [cms]
2 [cms/m 2 ]
VHPA
Heating airflow per floor area, cfm/ft
28
Ref #55.
OADB sp,c
Outside air dry bulb temperature at time of the space sensible cooling peak, F [C]
OAWB sp,c
Outside air wet bulb temperature at time of the space sensible cooling peak, F [C]
The outside air condition at the time the space sensible peak may not equal the summer design condition since the ventilation load is not
used directly in the calculation of the space sensible load. (The exception is when the ventilation air is dumped directly into the space, i.e.
CLDECK ov = ROOMDK; however, if this ventilation air is pre-cooled, the space load effect will be a negative constant and therefore
not affect the time of the space peak.)
Even for skin-dominated buildings, the thermal flywheel effect combined with solar-influenced envelope temperatures may cause the peak
load seen by the fan system to occur earlier or later than the time of the dry bulb peak. For solar-dominated buildings the room, zone, or
system block peak will occur near the time of the solar peak. For example, a south-facing room in the northern hemisphere may peak in
early afternoon in September.
The internal loads will sometimes determine the time of the peak if scheduled on for only parts of a day or a portion of the year.
NOTE: The Ventilation Methodology option (user-definable on the Load Parameters screen) only affects the psychrometric calculation of
supply air dry bulb and has no effect on the time of the room, zone, or system load peaks.
Ref #56. Design Room Dry Bulb for Cooling (at time of the space peak)
The Design Room Dry Bulb Cooling,DSRMDB c , is user defined on the Create Rooms - Rooms screen. If the room dry bulb varies
by room within a particular system and the main cooling coil is located at either the zone or system level, the value
DSRMDB
of c used
during psychrometrics will equal the average design room temperature weighted by the floor areas of the rooms assigned to that zone or
system. The zone or system return air temperature, however, will be weighted by the return airflow from each room.
Ref #57.
Supply Air Dry Bulb for Cooling (at time of the space peak)
Depending upon the type of Load and System information entered, the design cooling supply air dry(DSADB
bulb
c ) may already be
known; for example, the supply air dry bulb may be fixed as a result of user entry on the Create Systems - Design Temperatures screen or
the supply airflow may be known as a result of user entry on the Create Rooms - Airflows screen. (The supply air dry bulb can also be
fixed at the room level if, for example, the cooling coil is located at the system level. In this case, all rooms and zones assigned to that
system will receive a fixed supply air temperature from the coil located at the system level. Zone-level cooling coils are treated in a similar
manner.) Each case is treated differently as illustrated in the text that follows.
Case I. Neither DSADB c nor DSCFM c is known.
29
2. If the calculated value ofDSCFM c is less than MINCFM c , DSCFM c is set equal toMINCFM c and Case III is
processed.
QSENSP sp,c .
2. The Psychrometric algorithm is called to determine the a new value of design room relative humidity.
The psychrometric procedure is described in the TRACE 600 Engineering Manual (TRCE-UM-602).
Ref#
Variable
Description
-------- ------------- ----------------------------------------------EQ 57
DSADB c
Design supply air temperature cooling, F [C]
EQ 56
DSRMDB c
Design room dry bulb cooling, F [C]
EQ 58,27 DSCFM c
Main cooling supply fan airflow, cfm [cms]
EQ 17
K
Density-specific heat product,
Btu-min/(hr-ft 3 -f) [J/m 3 ]
EQ 59
QSENSP sp,c
Cooling space sensible load, Btu/hr [W]
EQ 132
QSIZE
Over or under sizing energy, Btu/hr [W]
Ref #58. Space Cooling Airflow (at time of the space peak)
For main cooling airflow the room-level calculation sequence is as follows:
A minimum cooling supply airflow,MINCFM c , is defined whenever supply airflow units of ACH-HR, CFM-P, CFM-SF, LPS-P, or
LPS-SM are specified, i.e.,
30
DSCFM c = QSENSP sp,c / [K * (DSRMDB c - DSADB c )]
If DSCFM c is less than MINCFM c then DSCFM c is set equal to MINCFM c .
Ref#
Variable
Description
-------- ------------- ----------------------------------------------TB 2.2
CONV air
Airflow conversion multiplier
EQ 57
DSADB c
Design supply air temperature cooling, F [C]
EQ 56
DSRMDB c
Design room dry bulb cooling, F [C]
EQ 58,27 DSCFM c
Main cooling supply fan airflow, cfm [cms]
FANVAL c
Main cooling fan airflow value
EQ 17
K
Density-specific heat product,
Btu-min/(hr-ft 3 -f) [J/m 3 ]
RF 53g
MINCFM c
Minimum design value of main cooling airflow,
cfm [cms]
EQ 123
OACFM
Outside air brought through the ROA deck,
cfm [cms]
TR LSCH
PCTRH t
Reheat utilization percent this hour, %
EQ 59
QSENSP sp,c
Cooling space sensible load, Btu/hr [W]
EQ 137
RHCFM
Reheat airflow, cfm [cms]
TR OACF
RHVAL
Reheat airflow value
The value of cooling supply airflow may be different than the load-calculated value if any of the following conditions exist:
-- The heating supply airflow (see Ref #28) is greater for a single duct system (i.e. fan coils) since the same fan is used to handle both the
cooling or heating needs.
-- The user-defined value of minimum airflow (cooling airflow units ACH HR, CFM-P, CFM-SF, LPS-P, or LPS-SM have been specified)
is greater. (Also see Ref #58.)
-- The outside air dampers are located on the return/outside air deck (ROADK) and the outside air quantity is greater.
-- The value of cooling supply airflow has been user defined onCreate
the Systems - Fan Overrides
screen.
-- The Block Fan Airflow has been user defined on the
Create Systems - Fan Overrides
screen. (This will only work when the fan sizing
method from Table 2.7 equals BLOCK or BLK
-INT.)
A sample calculation procedure follows using the system block information from the Main System Peak Cooling Loads report. The
design cooling supply airflow for a PFPVAV system occurs at the time of the main cooling space peak, i.e.,
* (DSRMDB c - DSADB c )]
= (RF 59)
Had this been a constant volume fan system, the design cooling airflow calculation would have used the sum-of-the-peaks
QSENSP sp,c .
Ref #59.
The space sensible load,QSENSP sp,c , is used to calculate cooling supply airflow.
2
QSENSP sp,c = QSPACE c,i
i=1
Ref#
Variable
Description
-------- ------------- ----------------------------------------------EQ 59
QSENSP sp,c
Cooling space sensible load, Btu/hr [W]
TB 2.6 QSPACE c,i
Cooling space sensible load components,
Btu/hr [W]
The room space sensible load (less skin conduction),
QRMSLD sp,c , is given by:
QRMSLD sp,c = QPEOPS t + QMISC t,sp + QSOL sk,sp + QSOL gl,sp + QLITES t,sp +
QINFS + QCEIL + QVENTS sp + QRSPAC
Ref#
Variable
Description
-------- ------------- -----------------------------------------------
31
EQ 96
QCEIL
EQ 108
QSOL gl,sp
EQ 120
EQ 80
QINFS
QLITES t,sp
EQ 86
QMISC t,sp
EQ 124
EQ 83
EQ 97
QVENTS sp
QPEOPS t
QSOL sk,sp
EQ 59
EQ 66
QRMSLD sp,c
QRSPAC
Coil Type
Main
Sizing Method
BLOCK
BLK-INT
PEAK
PEAK-INT
SKIN
Aux
BLOCK
BLK-INT
PEAK
PEAK-INT
SKIN
QSPACEc,i
QRMSLDsp,c QWCONDsp,c
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
The external conduction load into the space,QWCOND sp,c , is the "skin" portion of the sensible space load. (NOTE:
QWCOND sp,c does not include the ceiling load,QCEIL, which is included in the QINT component.)
QWCOND sp,c = QCOND wl,sp + QCOND gl,sp + QCOND sk,sp + QCOND rf,sp +
QCOND pt + QCOND xf
Ref#
-------EQ 111
EQ 117
EQ 94
EQ 102
EQ 106
EQ 115
EQ 59
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------QCOND gl,sp
Wall glass space load, Btu/hr [W]
QCOND pt
Partition conduction load, Btu/hr [W]
QCOND rf,sp
Nonglass roof conduction load to space,
QCOND sk,sp
Skylight conduction load to space, Btu/hr [W]
QCOND wl,sp
Nonglass wall space load, Btu/hr [W]
QCOND xf
Exposed floor conduction load, Btu/hr [W]
Btu/hr [W]
QWCOND sp,c
External conduction load into the space at the,
time of the cooling space peak, Btu/hr [W]
1
Table 2.7 Cooling Fan Characteristics
System
Type
BPVAV
BPVRH
BPMZ
COMP
DD
DDVAV
Sizing
Method
PEAK
PEAK
PEAK
PEAK
PEAK
BLOCK
32
FC
PFPVAV
PFPVAVRA
INCHP
IND
INDFP
MZ
PTAC
RAD
RTMZ
SFPVAV
SZ
TAB
TRH
2FDDVV
UV
VAV
VAVBSK
VAVFSK
VRH
VTCV
WSHP
PEAK
BLOCK
BLOCK
PEAK
SKIN
PEAK
PEAK
PEAK
NO-FAN
PEAK
BLOCK
PEAK
PEAK
PEAK
BLOCK
NO-FAN
BLOCK
BLOCK
BLK-INT
BLOCK
PEAK
PEAK
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
ROADK
SAME-CC
BLOW
DRAW
DRAW
BLOW
DRAW
DRAW
DRAW
BLOW
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
ROADK
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
DRAW
DRAW
DRAW
DRAW
DRAW
DRAW
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
DRAW
DRAW
DRAW
DRAW
DRAW
BLOW
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
A sample calculation procedure follows using the system block information from the Internal Cooling Loads, Building Envelope Loads,
and Airflow Cooling Loads reports.
From Table 2.7 we see that the main cooling fan sizing method for PFPVAV is BLOCK. This allows us to select the appropriate fan
load components from Table 2.6, i.e.,
2
QSENSP sp,c = QSPACE c,i = QRMSLD sp,c + QWCOND sp,c
i=1
where
QRMSLD sp,c = QPEOPS t + QLITES t,sp + QMISC t,sp + QSOL sk,sp + QSOL gl,sp
QINFS
+ QCEIL
+ QVENTS
sp + QRSPAC
+ (RF 86)
+ (EQ 124)
+ (RF 97)
+ (EQ 66)
+ (RF 108)
and
QWCOND sp,c = QCOND wl,sp + QCOND gl,sp + QCOND sk,sp + QCOND rf,sp +
QCOND pt
+ QCOND xf
these values are retrieved from the following sources
= (RF 106)
(RF 117)
Ref #60.
+ (RF 111)
+ (RF 115)
+ (RF 102)
+ (RF 94)
Space Latent Cooling Load (at time of the space sensible peak)
When the fan sizing method (see Table 2.7) has been defined as SKIN, the space latent load will be zero since the skin conduction loads
have no latent component; otherwise, the space latent load will include people, miscellaneous, infiltration, and any latent due to ventilation
air being dumped directly into the space:
33
If (FNSIZE c = SKIN) then
Then QLAT sp,c = 0
Otherwise QLAT sp,c = QPEOPL t + QMISCL t,sp + QVENTL t,sp + QINFL t + QLSPAC t
Ref#
-------TB 2.7
EQ 121
EQ 60
EQ 60
EQ 87
EQ 125
RF 84
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------FNSIZE c
Main cooling fan sizing method
QINFL t
Infiltration latent load, Btu/hr [W]
QLAT sp,c
Space latent heat gain at time of the space peak,
Btu/hr [W]
QLSPAC t
The portion of the miscellaneous latent heat gain
originally assigned to the return air. It becomes a
space latent heat gain if the return airflow is zero,
Btu/hr [W]
QMISCL t,sp
Misc latent heat gain assigned to space, Btu/hr [W]
QVENTL t,sp
Ventilation latent load imposed on space by the
optional ventilation coil, Btu/hr [W]
QPEOPL t
People latent heat gain, Btu/hr [W]
SKIN
Acronym indicating that fan is be sized
according to the skin conduction load
QLSPAC t is the portion of the miscellaneous latent heat gain that was originally assigned to the return air. It becomes a space latent heat
gain if the return airflow is zero.
* This equation number refers to the TRACE 600 Engineering Manual (TRCE-UM-602)
A sample calculation procedure follows using the system block information from the Internal Cooling Loads, Building Envelope Loads,
and Airflow Cooling Loads reports.
+ QLSPAC t
+ (EQ 125)
This is the time of the year when the cooling coil peaks. This peak is important since it is used to size the cooling coil. It is unlikely that
both the space peak and the coil peak will occur during the same hour and month since they are based on different load components, i.e.,
Ref #62.
OADB cl,c
Outside air dry bulb temperature at time of cooling coil peak, F [C]
34
OAWB cl,c
Outside air wet bulb temperature at time of cooling coil peak, F [C]
The outside air condition at the time the air conditioning peak will rarely equal the summer design condition unless the ventilation load
dominates. Even for skin-dominated buildings, the thermal flywheel effect combined with solar-influenced envelope temperatures may
cause the peak load seen by the air conditioning system to occur earlier or later than the time of the dry bulb peak. For solar-dominated
buildings the room, zone, or system block peak will occur near the time of the solar peak. For example, a south-facing room in the
northern hemisphere may peak in mid afternoon in October.
NOTE: the Ventilation Methodology (user-definable on the Load Parameters screen) only affects the psychrometric calculation of supply
air dry bulb and has no effect on the time of the room, zone, or system load peaks.
Ref #63.
Design Room Dry Bulb for Cooling (at time of the coil peak)
The Design Room Dry Bulb Cooling,DSRMDB c , is user defined on the Create Rooms - Rooms screen. If the room dry bulb varies
by room within a particular system and the main cooling coil is located at either the zone or system level, the value
DSRMDB
of c used
during psychrometrics will equal the average design room temperature weighted by the floor areas of the rooms assigned to that zone or
system. The zone or system return air temperature, however, will be weighted by the return airflow from each room.
Ref #64.
Supply Air Dry Bulb for Cooling (at time of the coil peak)
The supply air dry bulb at the time of the coil peak will always be greater than or equal to the supply air dry bulb at the time of the space
peak. For example, an east-facing room needs the greatest amount of cooling airflow (for a VAV system) or the coolest supply air
temperature (for a constant volume system) in the morning hours; however, the cooling coil serving that room may peak in the afternoon
when the ventilation load is near its peak. If the coil does peak in the afternoon when the space sensible load is less, it will either increase
the supply air temperature (for a constant volume system) or decrease the airflow (for a VAV system).
System Type
BPVAV
BPVRH
BPMZ
COMP
DD
DDVAV
FC
INCHP
IND
INDFP
Main Control
Cooling
Heating
BPVAV
RAD
BPVAV
VTCV
CVMXBPRH CVMXBPRH
CVTCYCL
VTCV
NA
RAD
VAV
VAV
VTCV
VTCV
CVTCYCL
VTCV
CTCV
CTCV
CTCV
CTCV
Auxiliary Control
Cooling
Heating
VTCV
RAD
VTCV
VTCV
VTCV
RAD
VTCV
RAD
VTCV
RAD
VTCV
RAD
VTCV
RAD
VTCV
RAD
INDUCTN
INDUCTN
INDUCTN
INDUCTN
35
MZ
PFPVAV
PFPVAVRA
PTAC
RAD
RTMZ
SFPVAV
SZ
TAB
TRH
2FDDVV
UV
VAV
VAVBSK
VAVFSK
VRH
VTCV
WSHP
CVMIXHC
VAV
VAV
CVTCYCL
NA
CVMIXHC
VAV
CVTCYCL
BPVAV
CTCV
VAV
NA
VAV
VAV
VAV
VAV
VTCV
CVTCYCL
CVMIXHC
PARALLEL
PARALLEL
VTCV
RAD
CVMIXHC
SERIES
VTCV
SERIES
VTCV
VAV
CTVCYCL
RAD
NA
NA
RAD
VTCV
VTCV
VTCV
VTCV
VTCV
VTCV
VTCV
VTCV
VTCV
VTCV
VTCV
VTCV
VTCV
VTCV
VTCV
VTCV
RAD
VTCV
VTCV
VTCV
RAD
RAD
RAD
RAD
RAD
RAD
RAD
RAD
RAD
RAD
RAD
RAD
RAD
RAD
VTCV
VTCV
VTCV
RAD
A sample calculation procedure follows using the system block information from the Main System Peak Cooling Loads, Internal Cooling
Loads, Building Envelope Loads, and Airflow Cooling Loads reports.
Referring to Table 2.8Since a terminal box of the PFPVAV system receives a constant temperature of cold deck air, the supply air
temperature at the time of coil peak will equal the design cooling supply air dry bulb, i.e.,
(RF 67)
By comparison, a non-VAV terminal box will supply slightly warmer air to the space at the time of the coil peak either by varying the
temperature of the air leaving the main cooling coil or by mixing the cold deck air with hot deck air. Had this been such a case, the
program will first calculate the space sensible load at the time of the coil peak using the same equation as Ref #59.
Using the information from the time of the cooling coil peak:
QRMSLD
+ (RF 86)
+ (EQ 124)
+ (RF 97)
+ (EQ 66)
+ (RF 108) +
= (RF 106)
(RF 117)
+ (RF 111)
+ (RF 115)
+ (RF 102)
+ (RF 94)
Then
QSENSP cl,c
36
The amount of cooling airflow at the time of the coil peak will depend on whether the system type is constant volume or VAV. For
example, an east-facing room needs the greatest amount of cooling airflow (for a VAV system) or the coolest supply air temperature (for a
constant volume system) in the morning hours; however, the cooling coil serving that room may peak in the afternoon when the
ventilation load is near its peak. If the coil does peak in the afternoon when the space sensible load is less, it can either increase the supply
air temperature (for a constant volume system) or decrease the airflow (for a VAV system).
If (CTCNTL = VAV)
Then CFM cl,c = QSENSP cl,c / [K * (DSRMDB c - DSADB c )]
Otherwise CFM cl,c = DSCFM c
Ref#
Variable
Description
-------- ------------- ----------------------------------------------RF 65
BPVAV
Acronym indicating that terminal box is to be
controlled like a bypass VAV box
TB 2.8
CTCNTL
Cooling terminal control method
EQ 65
CFM cl,c
Cooling supply airflow at time of cooling coil
peak, F [C]
EQ 57
DSADB c
Design supply air dry bulb cooling, F [C]
EQ 27
DSCFM c
Design cooling airflow, cfm [cms]
EQ 56
DSRMDB c
Design room dry bulb cooling, F [C]
EQ 17
K
Density-specific heat product,
Btu-min/(hr-ft 3 -F) [J/(m 3 -C)]
EQ 59
QSENSP cl,c
Space sensible load at time of cooling coil
peak, Btu/hr [W]
RF 65
VAV
Acronym indicating that terminal box is to be
controlled like a shutoff VAV box
A sample calculation procedure follows using the system block information from the Main System Peak Cooling Loads report.
Since PFPVAV uses a variable volume fan for cooling (CTCNTL from Table 2.8), some of the rooms will see less cooling supply airflow
at the time of the coil peak. Using the space sensible load at the time of the coil peak (calculated in the sample for Ref #64):
* (DSRMDB c - DSADB c )]
= (EQ 59)
Ref #66.
- (RF 57)
The cooling coil psychrometrics are calculated using load components from the time of the space sensible peak, except for the outside air
condition, which is based on the time of the coil capacity peak. (It is also possible to force the main cooling coil psychrometrics to use the
outside air condition at the summer design point, SDDB/SDWB, by specifying the Ventilation Methodology as "OAHIGH" on the Load
Parameters screen.)
The psychrometric procedure yields a design cooling supply air dry bulb,
DSADB c , and a corresponding room humidity ratio,
DSRMW c , for each main cooling coil. This value of
DSRMW c is then used to recalculate all latent air loads at the time of the coil peak.
4
QSENS cl,c = QLOADS c,i + QFAN c + QSIZE c + QSDUCT c
i=1
Ref#
Variable
Description
-------- ------------- ----------------------------------------------EQ 143
QFANc
Cooling fan heat added to supply airstream,
Btu/hr [W]
TB 2.9
QLOADS c,i
Cooling coil sensible load components, Btu/hr [W]
EQ 66
QRASLD cl,c
Sensible component of return air load at the time
of the coil peak, Btu/hr[W]
EQ 66
QRMSLD cl,c
Room (space) sensible load at time of coil peak,
Btu/hr [W]
EQ 142
QSDUCT c
Supply duct heat pickup, Btu/hr [W]
EQ 66
QSENS cl,c
Cooling coil sensible component, Btu/hr [W]
EQ 132
QSIZE c
Extra sensible load required by cooling coil
37
EQ 124
QVENTSroa
EQ 66
QWCOND cl,c
Table 2.9
Coil Type
Sizing Method 1
Main
BLOCK
BLK-INT
PEAK
PEAK-INT
SKIN
QRMSLDcl,c
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Aux
BLOCK
BLK-INT
PEAK
PEAK-INT
SKIN
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
QLOADS c,i
QWCONDcl,c QVENTSroa
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
QRASLDcl,c
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
System
Type
BPVAV
BPVRH
BPMZ
COMP
DD
DDVAV
FC
INCHP
IND
INDFP
MZ
PFPVAV
PFPVAVRA
PTAC
RAD
RTMZ
SFPVAV
SZ
TAB
TRH
2FDDVV
UV
VAV
VAVBSK
VAVFSK
VRH
VTCV
WSHP
Sizing
Method
BLOCK
BLOCK
BLOCK
PEAK
BLOCK
BLOCK
BLOCK
PEAK
SKIN
SKIN
BLOCK
BLOCK
BLOCK
PEAK
NO-COIL
PEAK
BLOCK
PEAK
BLOCK
PEAK
BLOCK
NO-COIL
BLOCK
BLOCK
BLOCK
BLOCK
PEAK
PEAK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
SYSTEM
SYSTEM
SYSTEM
SYSTEM
ZONE
ROOM
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
38
The room internal sensible load, QRMSLD, does not include the external conduction (i.e. skin) load since the user has the option of sizing
the cooling coil with or without the skin component.
QRMSLD cl,c = QPEOPS t + QMISC t,sp + QSOL sk,sp + QSOL gl,sp + QLITES t,sp +
QINFS t + QCEIL t + QVENTS t,sp + QRSPAC t
Ref#
Variable
Description
-------- ------------- ----------------------------------------------EQ 96
QCEIL t
Conduction load through ceiling, Btu/hr [W]
EQ 108
QSOL gl,sp
Hourly wall glass solar heat gain seen by space,
Btu/hr [W]
EQ 120
QINFS t
Infiltration sensible load, Btuh [W]
EQ 80
QLITES t,sp
Portion of lighting heat gain originally assigned
as a space load, Btu/hr [W]
EQ 86
QMISCS t,sp
Space sensible miscellaneous heat gain, Btu/hr [W]
EQ 125
QVENTS t,p
Sensible ventilation load on space, Btu/hr [W]
EQ 83
QPEOPS t
People sensible heat gain, Btu/hr [W]
EQ 66
QRMSLD cl,c
Room (space) sensible load at time of coil peak,
Btu/hr [W]
EQ 66
QRSPAC t
Portion of return air heat gain (QRASLD) which
becomes a space load if the total return
airflow is zero, Btu/hr [W]
EQ 97
QSOL sk,sp
Hourly skylight solar heat gain seen by space,
Btu/hr [W]
The external conduction load into the space,QWCOND cl,c , is the "skin" portion of the sensible space load. (NOTE:
QWCOND cl,c does not include the ceiling load,QCEIL, which is included in theQRMSLD cl,c component.)
QWCOND cl,c = QCOND wl,sp + QCOND gl,sp + QCOND sk,sp + QCOND rf,sp +
QCOND pt + QCOND xf
Ref#
-------EQ 113
EQ 117
EQ 94
EQ
EQ
EQ
EQ
102
106
115
66
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------QCOND gl,sp
Wall glass space load, Btu/hr [W]
QCOND pt
Partition conduction load, Btu/hr [W]
QCOND rf,sp
Nonglass roof conduction load to space,
Btu/hr [W]
QCOND sk,sp
Skylight conduction load to space, Btu/hr [W]
QCOND wl,sp
Nonglass wall space load, Btu/hr [W]
QCOND xf
Exposed floor conduction load, Btu/hr [W]
QWCOND cl,c
External conduction load into the space at the
time of the coil peak, Btu/hr [W]
QRASLD cl,c = QSOL sk,ra + QCOND sk,ra + QCOND rf,ra + QSOL gl,ra +
QCOND gl,ra + QCOND wl,ra + QLITES t,ra + QMISCS t,ra +
QFAN r + QRAEXH + QVENTS ra - QCEIL t - (QBPSEN + SDFLAG*QSDUCT)
Ref#
Variable
Description
-------- ------------- ----------------------------------------------EQ 130
QBPSEN
Sensible heat due to cold deck airflow bypassing
the space via the return airflow, Btu/hr [W]
EQ 96
QCEIL t
Conduction load through ceiling, Btu/hr [W]
EQ 113
QCOND gl,ra
Wall glass conduction load assigned to return
air, Btu/hr [W]
EQ 92
QCOND rf,ra
Nonglass roof conduction load to plenum,
Btu/hr [W]
EQ 100
QCOND sk,ra
Skylight conduction load to plenum, Btu/hr [W]
EQ 104
QCOND wl,ra
Nonglass wall conduction load to return air
(via plenum exposure), Btu/hr [W]
EQ 81
QLITES t,ra
Lighting load assigned to return air, Btu/hr [W]
EQ 88
QMISCS t,ra
Sensible miscellaneous load assigned to return air,
Btu/hr [W]
EQ 145
QRAEXH
Portion of return air load exhausted to the
39
EQ 66
QRASLD cl,c
EQ 144
EQ 142
EQ 109
QRFAN
QSDUCT
QSOL gl,ra
EQ
QSOL sk,ra
98
EQ 124
QVENTS ra
RF 67
SDFLAG
If there is no plenum, any solar or miscellaneous loads assigned to return air are assumed to be picked up by the return air stream via
ductwork.
If (PLENHT >
Then
QRDUCT
QRPLEN
Otherwise
QRDUCT
QRPLEN
0)
= 0
= QRASLD cl,c
= QRASLD cl,c
= 0
However, if the total return airflow prior to the system exhaust is zero, any solar or miscellaneous loads assigned to return air are dumped
back into the space.
where
4
QSENS cl,c = QLOADS c,i + QFAN c + QSIZE c + QSDUCT c
i=1
= (QRMSLD c + QWCOND c + QVENTS roa,c + QRASLDc)
+ QFAN c + QSIZE c + QSDUCT
QRMSLD cl,c = QPEOPS t + QLITES t,sp + QMISC t,sp + QSOL sk,sp + QSOL gl,sp +
QINFS
+ QCEIL
+ QVENTS
sp + QRSPAC
+ (RF 86)
+ (EQ 124)
+ (RF 97)
+ (EQ 66)
+ (RF 108)
40
and
QWCOND cl,c = QCOND wl,sp + QCOND gl,sp + QCOND sk,sp + QCOND rf,sp +
QCOND pt
+ QCOND xf
these values are retrieved from
the following sources
= (RF 106)
(RF 117)
+ (RF 111)
+ (RF 115)
+ (RF 102)
+ (RF 94)
and
QRASLD cl,c = QSOL sk,ra + QCOND sk,ra + QCOND rf,ra + QSOL gl,ra +
QCOND gl,ra + QCOND wl,ra + QLITES t,ra + QMISCS t,ra +
QFAN r
+ QRAEXH
+ QVENTS ra
- QCEIL
(QBPSEN + SDFLAG*QSDUCT)
these values are retrieved from the following sources
= (RF 98)
(RF 113)
(RF 144)
(RF 130)+
+ (RF 100)
+ (RF 92)
+ (RF 104)
+ (RF 81)
+ (RF 145)
+ (EQ 124)
(EQ 66)*(RF 142)
+ (RF 109)
+ (RF 88)
- (RF 96)
+
+
-
so
QSENS cl,c
+ (see above) +
Ref #67. Cooling Coil Latent Load (at time of the coil peak)
The psychrometric procedure yields a design cooling supply air dry bulb,
DSADB c , and a corresponding room humidity ratio,
DSRMW c , for each main cooling coil. This value ofDSRMW c is then used to recalculate all latent air loads at the time of the coil
peak. The nominal cooling coil latent capacity is then given by:
3
QLAT cl,c = QLOADL c,i
i=1
Ref#
-------EQ 67
TB 2.11
EQ 67
EQ 67
EQ 125
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------QLAT cl,c
Cooling coil latent total, Btu/hr [W]
QLOADL c,i
Cooling coil latent load components, Btu/hr [W]
QRALLD cl,c
Latent component of return air load at time of
coil peak, Btu/hr [W]
QRMLLD cl,c
Room (space) latent load at the time of the
coil peak, Btu/hr [W]
QVENTLroa
Latent ventilation load imposed on the return/oa
deck, Btu/hr [W]
Coil Type
Sizing Method
Main
BLOCK
BLK-INT
PEAK
PEAK-INT
SKIN
QRMLLDcl,c
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Aux
BLOCK
Yes
QLOADLc,i
QVENTLroa
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
QRALLDcl,c
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
41
BLK-INT
PEAK
PEAK-INT
SKIN
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
3
QLAT cl,c = QLOADL c,i
i=1
= QRMLLD cl,c + QVENTL roa + QRALLD cl,c
these values are retrieved from the following sources
+ (see below)
where
and
+ (EQ 60)
42
these values are retrieved from the following sources
+ (EQ 87)
43
This is the time of the room, zone, or system block heating peak. The heating design peak will always occur in month "13". The hour of
the peak will not be influenced by weather conditions since 1) the outside air condition is equal to the winter design temperature all 24
hours, 2) the wind speed is constant at the winter design wind speed (usually 7.5 mph), and 3) the cloud cover modifiers are equal to zero
all 24-hours (i.e., no solar heat gain allowed). The only time the heating design peak should occur at any hour other than 1 is when
internal loads have been scheduled unevenly during the heating design month. The hour of occurrence can be fixed by user entry on the
Load Parameters screen; otherwise, the program will determine the hour of the peak for each room, block zone, and block system load.
Ref #69.
OADB sp,h
Outside air dry bulb temperature at time of the space heating peak, F [C]
OAWB sp,h
Outside air wet bulb temperature at time of the space heating peak, F [C]
The outside air condition at the time the heating peak will equal the winter design condition. No credit is allowed for solar heat gain
although internal heat gains are allowed if scheduled on during the heating design month.
Ref #70.
Design Room Dry Bulb for Heating (at time of the space peak)
Ref #71.
Supply Air Dry Bulb for Heating (at time of the space peak)
The Heating Supply Air Dry Bulb,DSADB h , is first calculated on a room-by-room basis as shown in the cases developed below.
However, if the particular system type has only a single heating coil serving all the rooms, the room's
DSADB h is reset to the highest
DSADB h calculated. If overridden by user entry on the Create Systems - Design Temperatures screen and the calculated
DSADB h is
less than the Minimum DSADB h or greater than the MaximumDSADB h , the value of room DSADB h is reset accordingly.
Case I: Heating system fan is separate from the cooling system fan
QSENSP sp,h
DSADB h = DSRMDB h - -----------K * DSCFM h
Case III: Cooling/Heating, constant volume, single fan. Heating airflow based on cooling design airflow.
QSENSP sp,h
DSADB h = DSRMDB h - ------------K * DSCFM c
Ref#
-------EQ 71
EQ 27
EQ 28
EQ 56
EQ 70
EQ 17
EQ 73
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------DSADB h
Supply air dry bulb heating, F [C]
DSCF M c
Main cooling supply airflow, ft 2 [m 2 ]
DSCFM h
Main heating supply airflow, cfm [cms]
DSRMDB c
Design room dry bulb cooling, F [C]
DSRMDB h
Design room dry bulb heating, F [C]
K
Density-specific heat product,
Btu-min/(hr-ft 3 -F) [J/( m 3 -C)]
QSENSP sp,h
Space sensible heating load, Btu/hr [W]
44
Ref #72.
Ref#
Variable
Description
-------- ------------- ----------------------------------------------EQ 71
DSADB h
Design supply air dry bulb heating, F [C]
EQ 70
DSRMDB h
Design room dry bulb heating, F [C]
TB 2.2
CONV air
Airflow conversion multiplier
EQ 72,28 DSCFM h
Heating supply fan airflow, cfm [cms]
TR FNCF
FANVAL h
Heating airflow value
EQ 17
K
Density-specific heat product,
Btu-min/(hr-ft 3 -f) [J/m 3 ]
EQ 72
MINCFM h
Minimum design value of heating airflow, cfm [cms]
EQ 123
OACFM
Outside air brought through the ROA deck, cfm [cms]
TR LSCH
PCTRH t
Reheat utilization percent this hour, %
EQ 73
QSENSP h
Space sensible heating load, Btu/hr [W]
EQ 137
RHCFM
Reheat airflow, cfm [cms]
TR OACF
RHVAL
Reheat airflow value
The value of heating supply airflow may be different than the load-calculated value if any of the following conditions exist:
-- The cooling supply airflow (see Ref #27) is greater for a single duct system, e.g., fan coils. On the other hand, since two-fan double
duct VAV has a separate fan for the hot deck, the size of the cooling supply airflow doesn't affect the size of the hot deck fan.
-- The minimum airflow quantity (heating airflow units ACH-HR, CFM-P, CFM-SF, LPS-P, or LPS-SM have been specified) is greater.
-- For heating-only systems without a separate ventilation system, the outside airflow is greater.
-- The value of heating supply airflow has been user defined on the Create Systems - Fan Overrides screen.
A sample calculation procedure follows using the system sum-of-the-peaks information from the time of space peak section of the Main
System Peak Heating Loads report.
= (RF 73)
Ref #73.
The heating space sensible load,QSENSP sp,h , is used to calculate the heating supply airflow.
45
2
QSENSP sp,h = QSPACE h,i
i=1
Table 2.12 Heating Airflow Characteristics
System Type
BPVAV
BPVRH
BPMZ
COMP
DD
DDVAV
FC
INCHP
IND
INDFP
MZ
PFPVAV
Sizing
Method
NO-FAN
NO-FAN
PEAK
PEAK
PEAK
PEAK
PEAK
PEAK
SKIN
SKIN
PEAK
PEAK
PFPVAVRA
PEAK
PTAC
RAD
RTMZ
SFPVAV
PEAK
NO-FAN
PEAK
PEAK
SZ
TAB
PEAK
PEAK
TRH
2FDDVV
PEAK
PEAK
UV
VAV
VAVBSK
VAVFSK
VRH
VTCV
WSHP
PEAK
NO-FAN
NO-FAN
NO-FAN
NO-FAN
PEAK
PEAK
Fan
Config
SAME-CF
SAME-CF
SAME-CF
SAME-CF
SAME-CF
SAME-CF
SAME-CF
SAME-CF
SAME-CF
ROOM
BLOW
DRAW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
DRAW
BLOW
DRAW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
LARGEST
SAME-CF
SAME-CF
SAME-CF
SAME-CF
SAME-CF
SAME-CF
SAME-CF
SAME-CF
SAME-CF
RUNARN
D
ROOM
RUNARN
D
SAME-CF SAME-CF
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
Coil Type
Sizing Method 1
Main
BLOCK
BLK-INT
PEAK
PEAK-INT
SKIN
QSPACEh,i
QRMSLDsp,h QWCONDsp,h
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Aux
BLOCK
BLK-INT
PEAK
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
RM-WALL
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
BLOW
46
PEAK-INT
SKIN
Yes
No
No
Yes
The room space sensible load (less skin conduction) at the time of the heating space peak is given by:
QRMSLD sp,h = QPEOPS t + QMISC t,sp + QSOL sk,sp + QSOL gl,sp + QLITES t,sp +
QINFS + QCEIL + QVENTS sp + QRSPAC
Ref#
Variable
Description
-------- ------------- ----------------------------------------------EQ 96
QCEIL
Conduction load through ceiling, Btu/hr [W]
EQ 108
QSOL gl,sp
Hourly wall glass solar heat gain seen by space,
Btu/hr [W]
EQ 120
QINFS
Infiltration sensible load, Btu/hr [W]
EQ 80
QLITES t,sp
Portion of lighting heat gain originally
assigned as a space load, Btu/hr [W]
EQ 86
QMISC t,sp
Hourly space sensible miscellaneous heat gain,
Btu/hr [W]
EQ 124
QVENTS sp
Sensible ventilation load on space, Btu/hr [W]
EQ 83
QPEOPS t
Hourly people sensible heat gain, Btu/hr [W]
EQ 73
QRMSLD sp,h
Room (space) sensible load less skin conduction at
the time of the heating space peak, Btu/hr [W]
EQ 66
QRSPAC
Portion of return air heat gain (QRASLD) which
becomes a space load if the total return
airflow is zero, Btu/hr [W]
EQ 97
QSOL sk,sp
Hourly skylight solar heat gain seen by space,
Btu/hr [W]
The external conduction load into the space,QWCOND sp,h , is the "skin" portion of the sensible space load. (NOTE:
QWCOND sp,h does not include the ceiling load,QCEIL, which is included in the QINT component.)
QWCOND sp,h = QCOND wl,sp + QCOND gl,sp + QCOND sk,sp + QCOND rf,sp +
QCOND pt + QCOND xf
Ref#
-------EQ 111
EQ 117
EQ 94
EQ
EQ
EQ
EQ
102
106
115
73
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------QCOND gl,sp
Wall glass space load, Btu/hr [W]
QCOND pt
Partition conduction load, Btu/hr [W]
QCOND rf,sp
Nonglass roof conduction load to space,
Btu/hr [W]
QCOND sk,sp
Skylight conduction load to space, Btu/hr [W]
QCOND wl,sp
Nonglass wall space load, Btu/hr [W]
QCOND xf
Exposed floor conduction load, Btu/hr [W]
QWCOND sp,h
External conduction load into the space at the
time of the heating space peak, Btu/hr [W]
A sample calculation procedure follows using the system sum-of-the-peaks information from the time of space peak sections of the
Building Envelope Loads and Airflow Heating Loads reports.
From Table 2.12 we see that the main heating fan for a PFPVAV system is to be sized according to the PEAK sensible components listed
on Table 2.13, i.e.,
2
QSENSP sp,h = QSPACE h,i
i=1
= QRMSLD sp,h + QWCOND sp,h
where
= (RF 83)
(RF 120)
+ (RF 80)
+ (RF 96)
+ (RF 86)
+ (EQ 124)
+ (RF 97)
+ (EQ 66)
+ (RF 108)
47
and
QWCOND sp,h = QCOND wl,sp + QCOND gl,sp + QCOND sk,sp + QCOND rf,sp +
QCOND pt + QCOND xf
these values are retrieved from the following sources
= (RF 106)
(RF 117)
+ (RF 111)
+ (RF 115)
+ (RF 102)
+ (RF 94)
Ref #74. Peak Month/Hour (at time of the heating coil peak)
This is the time of the room, zone, or system block heating peak. The heating design peak will always occur in month "13". The hour of
the peak will not be influenced by weather conditions since 1) the outside air condition is equal to the winter design temperature all 24
hours, 2) the wind speed is constant at the winter design wind speed (usually 7.5 mph), and 3) the cloud cover modifiers are equal to zero
all 24-hours (i.e., no solar heat gain allowed). The only time the heating design peak should occur at any hour other than 1 is when
internal loads have been scheduled unevenly during the heating design month. The hour of occurrence can be fixed by user entry on the
Load Parameters screen; otherwise, the program will determine the hour of the peak for each room, block zone, and block system load.
Ref #75. Outside Air Condition (at time of the heating coil peak)
OADB cl,h Outside air dry bulb temperature at time of heating coil peak, F [C]
OAWB cl,h Outside air wet bulb temperature at time of heating coil peak, F [C]
The outside air condition at the time the heating peak will equal the winter design condition. No credit is allowed for solar heat gain
although internal heat gains are allowed if scheduled on during the heating design month.
Ref #76.
Design Room Dry Bulb for Heating (at time of the coil peak)
The Design Room Dry Bulb Heating,DSRMDB h , is user-defined on the Create Rooms - Rooms screen. If the room dry bulb varies
by room within a particular system and the main heating coil is located at either the zone or system level, the value
DSRMDB
of h used
during zone or system-level calculations will equal the average design room temperature weighted by the floor areas of the rooms assigned
to that zone or system. The zone or system return air temperature, however, will be weighted by the return airflow from each room.
Ref #77.
Supply Air Dry Bulb for Heating (at time of the coil peak)
For VAV heating systems, the heating supply air temperature will equal its design value; for constant volume systems the heating supply
air dry bulb is the supply air temperature necessary to meet the space load at the time of the heating coil peak.
If (HTCNTL = VAV)
Then SADB cl,h = DSADB h
Otherwise SADB cl,h = DSRMDB h - QSENSP cl,h / (DSCFM h * K)
Ref#
-------EQ 71
EQ 28
EQ 70
TB 2.8
EQ 17
EQ 73
EQ 77
RF 77
Ref #78.
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------DSADB h
Design supply air dry bulb heating, F [C]
DSCFM h
Design heating airflow, cfm [cms]
DSRMDB h
Design room dry bulb heating, F [C]
HTCNTL
Heating terminal control method
K
Density-specific heat product,
Btu-min/(hr-ft 3 -f) [J/m 3 ]
QSENSP cl,h
Space sensible load at time of heating coil
peak, Btu/hr [W]
SADB cl,h
Supply air dry bulb at time of heating coil
peak, F [C]
VAV
Acronym indicating that terminal box is to be
controlled like a VAV box
48
For constant volume heating systems, the heating airflow will equal its design value; for variable volume systems the heating airflow is the
airflow necessary to meet the space load at the time of the heating coil peak.
If (HTCNTL = VAV)
Then CFM cl,h = QSENSP cl,h / [K * (DSRMDB h - DSADB h )]
Otherwise CFM cl,h = DSCFM h
Ref#
Variable
Description
-------- ------------- ----------------------------------------------EQ 78
CFM cl,h
Heating supply airflow at time of heating coil
peak, cfm [cms]
EQ 71
DSADB h
Design supply air dry bulb heating, F [C]
EQ 28
DSCFM h
Design heating airflow, F [C]
EQ 70
DSRMDB h
Design room dry bulb heating, F [C]
EQ 72,28 DSCFM h
Heating supply fan airflow, cfm [cms]
TB 2.8
HTCNTL
Heating terminal control method
EQ 17
K
Density-specific heat product,
Btu-min/(hr-ft 3 -f) [J/m 3 ]
EQ 73
QSENSP cl,h
Space sensible load at time of heating coil
peak, Btu/hr [W]
TR 78
VAV
Acronym indicating that terminal box is to be
controlled like a VAV box
Ref #79. Coil Sensible Heating Load (at time of the coil peak)
If the main heating coil sizing method was entered as PEAK or BLOCK, the main heating coil nominal capacity is based on the heat
losses occurring at the time of the main heating coil peak. Credit is given for any internal heat gains/losses if the internal load schedules
were scheduled on during heating design.
For forced-air heating systems, the design main heating coil entering condition is equal to either the leaving preheat coil condition or the
plenum temperature. (Note that if the design leaving preheat coil dry bulb,
CLDB ph , is less than the return/outside dry bulb,
ROADB h , then CLDB ph is set equal to ROADB h .)
If (CLSIZE h = PK-ECRH and DSADB c < CEDB h, above and ECOTYP NONE) Then
CEDB h = DSADB c
(NOTE: for an auxiliary forced-air system,
CEDB h is equal to the design room dry bulb heating,DSRMDB h ).
When the preheat coil sizing method,CLSIZE pr , is specified as "COMBINED", the preheat component of the main heating coil is
still printed separately per Ref #39.
When the reheat coil sizing method,CLSIZE rh , is specified as "COMBINED", the reheat component of the main heating coil is
still printed separately per Ref #40.
The main heating coil leaving dry bulb is dependent on the design heating supply air dry bulb.
CLDB h = DSADB h
Once the entering and leaving conditions are known, the main heating coil nominal capacity can be calculated with:
49
QCAP h = K * COILCF h * (CEDB h - CLDB h ) + QFAN h
Note that credit is allowed for fan heat if the main fan schedule reads greater than 0% for the heating design month.
If the heating system is Radiation or if the Main Heating Capacity Units have been entered as No Oversizing, the heating capacity is
equal to the sum of the design heating components, i.e.,
4
QCAP h = QLOAD h,i
i=1
The quantities QVENTS roa and QRASLD cl,h are not included in QCAP h above since these loads are assumed to be taken
care of by the preheat coil. But, if no preheat coil exists, then
4
QCAP h = QLOAD h,i + QVENTS roa + QRASLD cl,h
i=1
Ref#
-------EQ 53f
RF 53f
RF 53f
RF 53f
TB 2.14
TB 2.4
TB 2.5
EQ 78
RF 79
TR HTGC
EQ 57
EQ 71
EQ 17
RF 79
RF 79
EQ 79
TB 2.14
EQ 143
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------CEDB h
Main heating coil entering dry bulb, F [C]
CEDB ph
Preheat coil entering dry bulb, F [C]
CLDB h
Main heating coil leaving dry bulb, F [C]
CLDB ph
Preheat coil leaving dry bulb, F [C]
CLSIZE h
Main heating coil sizing method
CLSIZE pr
Preheat coil sizing method
CLSIZE rh
Reheat coil sizing method
COILCF h
Main heating coil airflow at the time of the
main heating coil peak, cfm [cms]
COMBINED
Acronym indicating that the coil capacity is
combined with the main heating coil
N-OVERSZ
Acronym indicating that the coil capacity is
ignores oversizing, is simple sum of space
heating components
DSADB c
Design main cold deck supply air temperature, F [C]
DSADB h
Design main hot deck supply air dry bulb, F [C]
3 -F)
K
Density-specific heat product, Btu-min/(hr-ft
[J/(m 3 -C)]
PEAK
Acronym indicating that the coil or fan is sized
according to the sum-of-the-peaks load
PK-ECRH
Acronym indicating that the main heating coil
capacity must be sized to handle reheat due
to an economizer
QCAP h
Main heating coil capacity, Btu/hr [W]
QLOAD h,i
Main heating coil load components, Btu/hr [W]
QFAN h
Main heating fan load, Btu/hr [W]
Coil Type
Sizing Method
Main
BLOCK
BLK INT
PEAK
PKINT
SKIN
QRMSLDcl,h
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Aux
BLOCK
BLK INT
PEAK
PKINT
SKIN
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
QLOADh,i
QWCONDcl,h QVENTSroa
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
QRASLDcl,h
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
50
The room internal sensible load, QRMSLD, does not include the external conduction (i.e. skin) load since the user has the option of sizing
the heating coil with or without the skin component.
QRMSLD cl,h = QPEOPS t + QMISC t,sp + QSOL sk,sp + QSOL gl,sp + QLITES t,sp +
QINFS + QCEIL + QVENTS sp + QRSPAC
Ref#
Variable
Description
-------- ------------- ----------------------------------------------EQ 96
QCEIL
Conduction load through ceiling, Btu/hr [W]
EQ 108
QSOL gl,sp
Hourly wall glass solar heat gain seen by space,
Btu/hr [W]
EQ 120
QINFS
Infiltration sensible load, Btuh [W]
EQ 80
QLITES t,sp
Portion of lighting heat gain originally
assigned as a space load, Btu/hr [W]
EQ 86
QMISC t,sp
Hourly space sensible miscellaneous heat gain,
Btu/hr [W]
EQ 124
QVENTS sp
Sensible ventilation load on space, Btu/hr [W]
EQ 83
QPEOPS t
Hourly people sensible heat gain, Btu/hr [W]
EQ 79
QRMSLD cl,h
Room (space) sensible load at time of the
heating coil peak , Btu/hr [W]
EQ 66
QRSPAC
Portion of return air heat gain (QRASLD) which
becomes a space load if the total return
airflow is zero, Btu/hr [W]
EQ 97
QSOL sk,sp
Hourly skylight solar heat gain seen by space,
Btu/hr [W]
EQ 124
QVENTS ra
Ventilation sensible load on return air,
Btu\hr [w]
Table 2.15 Heating Coil Characteristics
System Type
BPVAV
BPVRH
BPMZ
COMP
DD
DDVAV
FC
INCHP
IND
INDFP
MZ
PFPVAV
PFPVAVRA
PTAC
RAD
RTMZ
SFPVAV
SZ
TAB
TRH
2FDDVV
UV
VAV
VAVBSK
VAVFSK
VRH
VTCV
Sizing
Method
PEAK
PEAK
PK-ECRH
PEAK
PK-ECRH
PK-ECRH
PEAK
PEAK
SKIN
SKIN
PK-ECRH
PEAK
PEAK
PEAK
PEAK
PK-ECRH
PEAK
PEAK
PEAK
PEAK
PEAK
PEAK
PEAK
NO-COIL
NO-COIL
PEAK
PEAK
ROOM
ZONE
SAME-CC
ROADK
Sizing
Method
AS-INPUT
AS-INPUT
AS-INPUT
AS-INPUT
AS-INPUT
AS-INPUT
AS-INPUT
AS-INPUT
PK-INT
PK-INT
AS-INPUT
AS-INPUT
AS-INPUT
AS-INPUT
AS-INPUT
AS-INPUT
AS-INPUT
AS-INPUT
AS-INPUT
AS-INPUT
AS-INPUT
AS-INPUT
AS-INPUT
SKIN
SKIN
AS-INPUT
AS-INPUT
51
WSHP
PEAK
ROOM
ROADK
AS-INPUT
ROOM
RM-WALL
The external conduction load into the space,QWCOND cl,h , is the "skin" portion of the sensible space load. (NOTE:
QWCOND cl,h does not include the ceiling load,QCEIL, which is included in theQRMSLD cl,h component.)
QWCOND cl,h = QCOND wl,sp + QCOND gl,sp + QCOND sk,sp + QCOND rf,sp +
QCOND pt + QCOND xf
Ref#
-------EQ 113
EQ 117
EQ 94
EQ
EQ
EQ
EQ
102
106
115
79
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------QCOND gl,sp
Wall glass space load, Btu/hr [W]
QCOND pt
Partition conduction load, Btu/hr [W]
QCOND rf,sp
Nonglass roof conduction load to space,
Btu/hr [W]
QCOND sk,sp
Skylight conduction load to space, Btu/hr [W]
QCOND wl,sp
Nonglass wall space load, Btu/hr [W]
QCOND xf
Exposed floor conduction load, Btu/hr [W]
QWCOND cl,h
External conduction load into the space at the
time of the heating coil peak, Btu/hr [W]
QCAP h =
* COILCF h * (CEDB h
- CLDB h )
+ QFAN h
52
= (RF 17)* (RF 78) * [(EQ 79)- (EQ 79)] + (RF 143)
If the system type had been a mixing system, such as multizone (MZ), the sizing method is PK-ECRH, meaning that the main heating coil
(located in the hot deck) would have to be sized to handle reheat - if an economizer had also been specified. In that case, the design main
heating coil entering dry is equal to the design cooling supply dry bulb, but only
DSADB
if
c is less than RADB h .
If the heating system had been Radiation, the main heating coil only sees the load on the space at the time of the heating coil peak. Any
reheat due to a reheat minimum is handled by a separate reheat calculation even if the main heating coil also acts as the reheat coil.
53
The program creates a psychrometric report for every cooling coil in the project. For example, if the System Type has a system-level
cooling coil (e.g. PFPVAV), one report will be created. If the System Type has a room-level cooling coil (e.g. FC), a report will be created
for each room in the project. Additionally, if the System Type includes an auxiliary cooling coil, the program will create an Auxiliary
Psychrometric Report.
The psychrometric loop is used to either 1) calculate the cooling supply air dry bulb
(DSADB c ) given the design room relative
humidity (DSRMRH ) or 2) calculate the room relative humidity given the cooling supply air dry bulb. The design room relative humidity
is therefore ignored if the calculated value of
DSADB c does not fall within the range specified on the Create Systems - Design
Temperatures screen. For example, ifDSRMDB c = 75 F, DSRMRH = 50% and the associated value of
DSADB c that satisfies this
room condition is 53 F; by entering the minimum
DSADB c as 55 F and the maximumDSADB c as 60 F, the program will reset
DSADB c to 55 F and re-calculate the room relative humidity to a value greater than 50%. Conversely, if the original
DSADB c needed
to satisfy the design conditions had been 65 F, the program will reset
DSADB c to 60 F and re-calculate the room relative humidity to a
value less than 50%.
NOTE: All values used in the psychrometric simulation were taken from the "Space Peak section of the Peak Cooling Loads report
(except OADB psy , and OAWB psy which are taken from the " Coil Peak section).
All dry bulbs (column A) are in deg F [C], wet bulbs (column B) in deg F [C], relative humidities (column C) in %, humidity ratios
(column D) in grains, enthalpies (column E) in Btu/lbm [kJ/kg], and temperature differences (column F) in deg F [C]. Some typical
psychrometric representations are provided in Figures 2.34 through 2.39.
All enthalpies are calculated with the equation:
The design room dry bulb for cooling is the user defined value entered on the Create Rooms - Rooms screen. Units are F [C]. The other
room conditions are determined psychrometrically.
Ref #155.
If the Ventilation Methodology was entered as OADB (the default), the outdoor air condition is taken from the time of the block cooling
coil peak (see Reference # 62). If the Ventilation Methodology was entered as OAHIGH the outside air condition is equal to the summer
design dry bulb/wet bulb (see References #10,11)
Ref #156.
The condition of the return airstream is a function of the returning corridor, plenum, and ducted airflows:
ra
54
Ref#
-------EQ 152
EQ 152
EQ 152
EQ 149
EQ 149
Variable
------------CORRCF
CORRDB
CORRW
DUCTCF
DUCTDB
EQ 149
DUCTW
EQ 158
EQ 17
FANTD ra
K
EQ 19
EQ 152
LFAC
PLCRCF
EQ
EQ
EQ
RF
PLENCF
PLENDB
PLENW
QLDTRA
150
91
91
80
EQ 87
QMISCL t,ra
EQ 66
QRDUCT
EQ 153
RACFMT
EQ 156a
RADBT psy
EQ 156d
RAW psy
EQ 152
RRCRCF
EQ 149
RRDTCF
EQ 150
RRPLCF
Ref #157.
Description
----------------------------------------------Corridor airflow, cfm [cms]
Corridor airflow dry bulb, F [C]
Corridor airflow humidity ratio, grains
Total ducted airflow, cfm [cms]
Temperature of air routed through the return air
duct, F [C]
Humidity ratio of air routed through the return
air duct, grains
Temperature increase due to return fan heat, F [C]
Density-specific heat product,
Btu-min/(hr-ft 3 -F) [J/(m 3 -C)]
3 ) [J/m 3 ]
Latent heat factor, Btu-min/(hr-lbm-ft
Amount of plenum airflow that is routed through
the corridor, cfm [cms]
Plenum airflow, cfm [cms]
Plenum temperature, F [C]
Plenum humidity ratio, grains
Portion of lighting room load pickup up by the
return air stream just prior to the system
exhaust, Btu/hr [W]
Misc latent heat gain assigned to return air at
time of peak, Btu/hr [W]
Portion of miscellaneous and solar loads
assigned to return air which are picked up by
the return air stream just prior to the
system exhaust, Btu/hr [W]
Return airflow quantity brought together just
prior to system exhaust, cfm [cms]
Return air dry bulb prior to system exhaust,
F [C]
Return air humidity ratio prior to system
exhaust, grains
Runaround airflow routed through the corridor,
cfm [cms]
Runaround airflow routed through the return air
duct, cfm [cms]
Runaround airflow routed through the plenum,
cfm [cms]
The amount of heat picked up by the return air stream (less the return fan heat which is printed out separately) is given by:
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------DSRMDB c
Design room dry bulb, F [C]
FANTD ra
Return fan temperature difference, F [C]
RADBT psy
Return air dry bulb prior to system exhaust, F [C]
RATD
Return air heat pickup, F [C]
The return fan temperature difference assumes that all the power input to the return fan eventually ends up as heat:
55
BLDTD r = FANTD r,tot x (MTREFF r /100) x [1 - (BLDEFF r /100)]
FDUCTD r = FANTD r,tot x (MTREFF r /100) x (BLDEFF r /100)
In addition, if the supply fan motor is located in the return air stream, the supply fan heat is included in the return fan temperature
difference printed out. In the unusual case where the return fan motor is located in the supply air stream, the return fan motor heat is
included in the supply rather than return fan temperature calculation.
Ref#
Variable
Description
-------- ------------- ----------------------------------------------RF 158
C
Constant = 0.4 F/(in. H2O) [2.9 C/kPa]
EQ 158
BLDTD r
Temperature difference due to return fan motor
heat, F [C]
EQ 158
BLDEF r
Return fan motor efficiency, %
EQ 158f FANTD ra
Temperature difference in return air stream due
to location of return and/or supply fans, F [C]
EQ 158
FANTD r,tot
Return fan temperature difference, F [C]
EQ 158
FDUCTD r
Temperature increase in the return air due to
duct friction loss, F [C]
EQ 17
K
Density-specific heat product,
Btu-min/(hr-ft 3 -F) [J/(m 3 -C)]
EQ 158
MTRTD r
Temperature difference due to return fan motor
heat, F [C]
EQ 158
MTRTD s
Temperature difference due to supply fan motor
heat F [C]
TR FNOV MTREF r
Return fan motor efficiency, %
TR FNSP RAFLAG r
Equals 1 when the return fan location flag
equals RETAIR; meaning that the return fan
motor is located in the return air stream.
Equals zero otherwise.
TR FNSP RAFLAG s
Equals 1 when the supply fan location flag
equals RETAIR; meaning that the supply fan
motor is located in the return air stream.
Equals zero otherwise.
TR FNSP SP r
Return fan static pressure, in. H2O [kPa]
Note that when the fan motor location flag is entered as OTHER, the fan motor heat for that fan is ignored.
Ref #159.
The return and outside air are mixed whenever the ventilation deck (outside air dampers) are located on the return/outside air deck
(ROADK).
56
ROADB psy = (PCTOA/100) x OADB psy + [1 - (PCTOA/100]) x RADB
ROAW psy = (PCTOA/100) x OAW psy + [1 - (PCTOA/100)] x RAW
Ref#
Variable
Description
-------- ------------- ----------------------------------------------EQ 168
PCTOA
Percent outside air, %
EQ 155a
OADB psy
Outside air dry bulb, F [C]
EQ 155d
OAW psy
Outside air humidity ratio, grains
EQ 156a
RADB psy
Return air dry bulb, F [C]
EQ 156d
RAW psy
Return air humidity ratio, grains
EQ 159a
ROADB psy
Return/outside air dry bulb, F [C]
EQ 159d
ROAW psy
Return/outside air humidity ratio, grains
Ref #160, 161, 162. Supply Fan Temperature Differences (Blow Through and Draw Through)
The total value of supply fan temperature difference assumes that all the power input to the supply fan eventually ends up as heat:
CETD c = BLOWTD
CLTD c = DRAWTD + FDUCTD c
Ref#
-------EQ 160
& RF 53i
TR FNOV
RF 160
EQ 160t
RF 160
TB 2.10
ED 160
EQ 161f
EQ 160
EQ 162f
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------BLDTD c
Temperature difference due to return fan "blade"
heat, F [C]
BLDEF c
Supply fan "blade" efficiency, %
BLOW
Acronym indicating that the fan is located prior
to the coil bank of the same deck
BLOWTD
Fan temperature difference in supply air stream
prior to coil, F [C]
C
Constant = 0.4 F/(in. H2O) [2.9 C/kPa]
CLDECK c
Main cooling coil deck location
DRAW
Acronym indicating that the fan is located after
the coil bank of the same deck
DRAWTD
Fan temperature difference in supply air stream
after coil, F [C]
FANTD c,tot
Supply fan temperature difference, F [C]
FDUCTD c
Temperature increase in the supply air due to
57
& RF 53i
TB 2.7
FNCONF c
& TR FNOV
TB 2.7
FNDECK c
& TR FNOV
EQ 17
K
TR FNOV MTREF c
EQ 160
MTRTD c
& RF 53i
EQ 158
MTRTD r
TR FNSP
SAFLAG c
RF 160
ROADK
TR FNSP
SAFLAG r
TR FNSP
SP c
Note that when the fan motor location flag is entered as OTHER, the fan motor heat for that fan is ignored.
The location of the fan heat is important to the psychrometric simulation. For example, if the supply fan motor is located in the return air
stream, then the supply fan motor heat must be added to the return air stream (see Figure 2.34). If the supply fan motor is exposed to the
atmosphere, none of the supply fan motor heat shows up in either the supply or return air stream. The fraction of the fan heat which is
translated into duct friction is considerable (generally > 50%); this means that the duct friction heat must be added after the cooling coil
for blow-through fan arrangements (see Figure 2.35) while the supply fan motor heat and shaft blade heat occur prior to the cooling coil.
For draw-through fan arrangements (see Figure 2.36) any supply fan heat will always occur after the cooling coil.
Ref #163.
The coil entering condition starts at the return/outside air mixture condition plus any blow-through fan heat:
The leaving coil condition is determined psychrometrically using cooling coil curves built into the TRANE psychrometric chart unless
overridden by user-defined minimum/maximum coil leaving temperatures entered on the Create Rooms - Design Temperatures screen.
The resulting enthalpy is then given by:
58
CLH psy = (CLW psy /CWRT) x [(CPWET x CLDB psy ) + HCONST] + (CPDRY x CLDB psy )
Ref#
-------EQ 164a
EQ 164e
EQ 164d
RF 16
RF 16
RF 164
RF 164
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------CLDB psy
Coil leaving dry bulb, F [C]
CLH psy
Coil leaving enthalpy, Btu/lbm [kJ/kg]
CLW psy
Coil leaving humidity ratio, grains
CPDRY
Specific heat of dry air = 0.24 Btu/(lbm-F)
[1.0 kJ/(kg-C)]
CPWET
Specific heat of water vapor = 0.444 Btu/(lbm-F)
[1.805 kJ/(kg-C)]
CWRT
Humidity ratio conversion constant =
7000 [1], grains/(lbm/lbm)
HCONST
Enthalpy constant = 1061 Btu/lbm [2468 kJ/kg]
The cooling coil should not be selected using the coil leaving humidity ratio printed in the psychrometric report since the actual value will
depend on the heat transfer characteristics of the selected coil. The proper way to select the coil is to use the Coil Entering conditions from
reference #159 in combination with the Coil Airflow (Ref #65), Coil Sensible Load (Ref #66) and Coil Latent Load (Ref #67) from the
Main System Peak Cooling Loads report.
Ref #165.
The supply duct heat gain temperature difference, DUCTTD, is user defined on the Create Systems - Fan Static Pressures screen. If the
Supply Duct Location is entered as RETAIR, the supply duct is located in the plenum, meaning that the increase in the supply air
temperature is due to heat picked up from the plenum air; this same amount of heat must then be subtracted from the return air load (see
Figure 2.37). If the Supply Duct Location is entered as OTHER, the supply duct will see an increase in the supply air temperature due to
heat picked up from surroundings other than the return air (see Figure 2.38).
Ref #166.
The cold deck supply air condition is the condition of the cold deck supply air just prior to the room terminal box. The cold deck supply air
condition will be different from the supply air condition that enters the space (Ref #165) only when supply air from the hot deck is mixed
at the terminal box (e.g., a multizone system).
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------CLDB psy
Cooling coil leaving dry bulb, F [C]
DRAWTD c
Fan temperature difference in supply air stream
DSADB c
Cold deck supply air dry bulb, F [C]
after cooling coil, F [C]
DUCTTD
Supply/return duct heat gain temperature
difference, F [C]
FDUCTD s
Supply fan duct friction heat, F [C]
The cold deck supply air condition is checked against the minimum/maximum cooling supply air temperatures entered on the Create
Systems - Design Temperatures screen and reset if necessary.
Ref #167.
The room terminal supply air temperature,SADBT c , differs from the cold deck supply air temperature,
DSADB c , when the cooling
coil is located at the zone or system level of a coil bypass (mixing) system.
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------CEDB c
Coil entering dry bulb, F [C]
DSADB c
Cooling supply air temperature, F [C]
PCTBYP
Percent of supply airflow bypassing the cooling
coil, %
59
EQ 167
Ref #168.
SADBT c
The percent ventilation value, PCTOA, printed here is the ratio of the ventilation airflow divided by the cooling coil airflow, NOT the ratio
of the ventilation airflow divided by the sum of the room supply airflows. Therefore, when the cooling coil airflow is based on the block
rather than sum-of-the-peaks space sensible load, PCTOA will most likely be greater than the ventilation percent entered in the Load
Section. In addition, if the ventilation deck (defined on the Create Systems = Options screen) is NOT equal to the return/outside air deck
(ROADK is the default), PCTOA will equal zero.
Ref #169.
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------COILCF c
Cooling coil airflow, cfm [cms]
PCTOA
Percent outside air, %
OACFM
Outside air quantity brought through the
return/outside air deck, cfm [cms]
The sensible heat ratio is the ratio of the space sensible load to the space (sensible + latent) load. It should not be used for coil selection for
the reasons described in Reference #162.
The bypass percent is the portion of the return/outside airflow which bypasses the cooling coil and is not conditioned. This applies to
mixing systems which are based on "block" cooling capacity (such as multizone, constant volume double duct, terminal air blender, etc.).
See Figure 2.39.
The bypass percent is determined via an iterative procedure described in the TRACE 600 Engineering Manual (TRCE-UM-602). On the
final iteration, it is equal to:
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------COILCF c
Cooling coil airflow, cfm [cms]
FANCFM c
Design fan cooling airflow, cfm [cms]
PCTBYP
Percent of supply air bypassing the cooling
coil, %
Do not confuse PCTBYP with the term "coil bypass factor" which has to do with cooling coil performance.
Ref #171.
Cooling coil airflow,COILCF c , is the amount of the fan airflow which passes through the cooling coil. It is not necessarily equal to
the design fan airflow. If the cooling coil sizing method is BLOCK OR BLK-INT, the coil airflow is based on the system block sensible
load. If the cooling coil sizing method is PEAK, PK-INT, or SKIN, the coil airflow is based on the sum-of-the-peaks sensible load. For
example, in a multizone system the fan airflow is based on the sum-of-the-room-peaks space load but the cooling coil is based on the block
space sensible load. This means that at the time of the coil block peak, a portion of the fan airflow proportional to the block space load
goes through the cooling coil (the cold deck) while the remainder is bypassed through the hot deck. The default settings of "block" and
60
"peak" listed in Table 2.10 may be overridden by user entry on the Create Systems - Cooling Overrides screen. The coil airflow may also
be overridden by specifying the cooling supply fan airflow onCreate
the Systems - Fan Overrides
screen, but only if the fan sizing method
(Table 2.7) and coil sizing methods (Table 2.10) are both based on BLOCK or BLK-INT sizing methods.
Figure 2.34 Psychrometrics for Draw-Through Supply Fan Arrangement with Motor in Return Air Stream
61
Figure 2.36 Psychrometrics for Typical Draw-Through Supply Fan Arrangement
Figure 2.37 Psychrometrics for Draw-Through Supply Fan Arrangement with Duct Heat Picked Up from the Return Air Stream
Figure 2.38 Psychrometrics for Draw-Through Supply Fan Arrangement with Duct Heat Picked Up from the Surroundings, e.g., an
Unconditioned Corridor
62
63
The roof return air sensible load,QCOND rf,ra , is the conduction load between the plenum air and the external roof temperature
and includes only that portion of the roof area exposed to a plenum.
Ref#
Variable
Description
-------- ------------- ----------------------------------------------EQ 186
AREA fl
Floor area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
EQ 186
AREA pl
Plenum area (equals the floor area if PLENHT > 0,
2 [m 2 ]
otherwise equals zero), ft
2
2
EQ 191
AREA rf
Nonglass roof area, ft
[m ]
EQ 93
CLTD rf-pl
Effective cooling load temperature difference
between the plenum air and the external roof
temperature, F [C]
EQ 176
PCRRA
Percent of roof conduction load seen by
plenum, %
EQ 92
QCOND rf,ra
Roof conduction load to return air, Btu/hr [W]
RF 176
UVAL rf
Nonglass roof U-value, Btu/hr-ft 2 -F
[W/m 2 -C]
Ref #93. Roof Return Air Cooling Load Temperature Difference (OA to plenum)
For the portion of the roof which has no plenum, the roof space sensible load,
QCOND rf,sp , is the conduction load between the
space air and the external roof temperature.
64
EQ 92
PCRRA
EQ 94
RF 94
QCOND rf,sp
QLOAD rf
EQ 176
UVAL rf
If a plenum exists, QCOND rf,sp is set to zero since the effect of roof conduction on the space becomes a function of the how the
roof conduction effects the plenum temperature (see Ref #91). Once the plenum temperature is either elevated or depressed, the roof
conduction load becomes part of the plenum or ceiling load on the space (see Ref #96).
Ref #95.
The roof-to-space temperature difference,CLTD rf-sp , is printed out for the portion of the roof which has no plenum.
The skylight solar load to the space is a function of the internal and external shading less the percent assigned to return air.
65
NOTE: Even when a skylight has been totally shaded by an external shading device,
QSOL sk,sp may be greater than zero since the
program assumes that diffuse solar radiation is not affected by the external shading device.
Ref #99.
The cooling load factor is the ratio of the hour's skylight solar load to the maximum solar heat gain factor for the month of the peak.
CLF sk =
nroofs
(QSOL sk,sp + QSOL sk,ra )
i=1
--------------------------------nroofs
(AREA sk,i x SC sk,i ) x SHGF max
i=1
where
98
97
99
SKYL
TR INSH
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------AREA sk
Skylight area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
CLF sk
Skylight cooling load factor
nroofs
Number of roofs for a given room
PCSHAD
Percent of skylight which is internally
shaded this hour, %
QSOL sk,ra
Skylight solar load to return air, Btu/hr [W]
QSOL sk,sp
Skylight solar load to space, Btu/hr [W]
SC sk
Effective skylight shading coefficient
SC sk,ns
Shading coefficient for portion of skylight not
internally shaded
SC sk,sh
Shading coefficient for portion of skylight
internally shaded
66
RF 99
SHGF max
The values of maximum solar heat gain listed in Table 11, Chapter 26 of the 1985 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals are based on a
ground reflectance of 0.2 and a clearness number of 1. User-defined values of ground reflectance and/or clearness number that differ
from these values will, of course, cause the program to generate different valuesSHGF
of max .
Also, the ASHRAE table was created for the median longitude for a particular time zone; thus, if the longitude assumed by the Weather
Library is located east of the median, the solar peaks will be shifted earlier in time and those west of the median will have their solar peaks
shifted later in time.
Ref #100.
The skylight return air sensible load,QCOND sk,ra , is the conduction load between the plenum air and the outside air dry bulb at
the time of the peak
.
Ref#
Variable
Description
-------- ------------- ----------------------------------------------EQ 189
AREA sk
Skylight area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
EQ 101
CLTD sk-pl
Effective cooling load temperature difference
between the plenum air and the outside air
dry bulb, F [C]
EQ 92
PCRRA
Percent of roof conduction load seen by
plenum, %
EQ 100
QCOND sk,ra
Skylight conduction load to return air,
Btu/hr [W]
EQ 174
UVAL sk
Effective skylight U-value, Btu/hr-ft 2 -F
& 175
[W/m 2 -C]
Ref #101.
For the portion of the skylights which have no plenum, the skylight space sensible load,
QCOND sk,sp , is the conduction load
between the space air and the outside air dry bulb at the time of the peak.
67
EQ 91
PCRRA
EQ 102
EQ 174
& 175
QCOND sk,sp
UVAL sk
If a plenum exists, QCOND sk,sp is set to zero since the effect of skylight conduction on the space becomes a function of the how the
skylight conduction effects the plenum temperature (see Ref #91). Once the plenum temperature is either elevated or depressed, the
skylight conduction load becomes part of the plenum or ceiling load on the space (see Ref #96).
Ref #103.
Ref #104.
The wall return air sensible load,QCOND wl,ra , is the conduction load between the plenum air and the external wall temperature and
includes only that portion of the wall area exposed to a plenum.
Ref#
Variable
Description
-------- ------------- ----------------------------------------------EQ 194
AREA wl
Nonglass wall area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
EQ 105
CLTD wl-p l
Effective cooling load temperature
difference between the plenum air
and the external wall temperature, F [C]
EQ 104
PCWRA
Percent of nonglass wall area exposed
to the plenum, %
EQ 104
QCOND wl,ra
Wall conduction load to return air, Btu/hr [W]
EQ 179
UVAL wl
Nonglass wall U-value, Btu/hr-ft 2 -F
[W/m 2 -C]
68
If part of the external wall area is exposed to the plenum rather than the space, that part of the wall will impose a load on the plenum rather
than the space. The percent of the non-glass wall conduction load which imposes a load on the plenum,
PCWLRA i , is proportional to
the plenum (non-glass) wall area divided by the net (non-glass) wall area, i.e.,
Variable
------------AREA gl,j
AREA wl,j
AREA wt,j
FLFLHT
HEIGHT wl
LENGTH wl
nwalls
PCGLRA j
PCWLRA j
PCWRA
PLENHT
RAFLAG
Description
----------------------------------------------Wall glass area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
Non-glass wall area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
Total wall area (including glass), ft 2 [m 2 ]
Floor-to-floor height, ft [m]
Wall height, ft [m]
Wall length, ft [m]
Number of walls entered for a given room
Percent of glass to return air, %
Percent wall to return air for wall number j, %
Percent wall to return air for a given room %
Plenum height, ft [m]
Return air flag; = 1 if Yes, = 0 if No
The wall space sensible load,QCOND wl,sp , is the conduction load between the space air and the external wall temperature and
includes only the portion of the wall not exposed to a plenum.
69
EQ 179
Ref #107.
UVAL wl
The glass solar load to the space is a function of the internal and external shading less the percent assigned to return air.
109.
70
The glass solar load to return air is a function of the internal and external shading and the percent assigned to return air.
Ref #110.
The cooling load factor is the ratio of the hour's glass solar load to the maximum solar heat gain factor for the month of the peak.
CLF gl =
nwalls
(QSOL gl,sp + QSOL gl,ra )
i=1
--------------------------------nwalls
(AREA gl,i x SC gl,i ) x SHGF max
i=1
where
109
108
110
110
TR GLAS
TR INSH
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------AREA gl
Glass area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
CLF gl
Glass cooling load factor
nwalls
Number of LOAD 24 Cards (Wall Parameter Screens)
entered by user for a given room
PCSHAD
Percent of glass which is internally shaded this
hour, %
QSOL gl,ra
Glass solar load to return air, Btu/hr [W]
QSOL gl,sp
Glass solar load to space, Btu/hr [W]
SC gl
Effective glass shading coefficient
SHGF max
Maximum solar heat gain factor. For example, see
Table 11,Chapter 26 of the 1985 ASHRAE
2 [W/m 2 ]
Handbook of Fundamentals, Btu/hr-ft
SC gl,ns
Shading coefficient for portion of glass not
internally shaded
SC gl,sh
Shading coefficient for portion of glass
internally shaded
71
The values of maximum solar heat gain listed in Table 11, Chapter 26 of the 1985 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals are based on a
ground reflectance of 0.2 and a clearness number of 1. User-defined values of ground reflectance and/or clearness number that differ
from these values will, of course, cause the program to generate different values
SHGF
of max .
Also, the ASHRAE table was created for the median longitude for a particular time zone; thus, if the longitude assumed by the Weather
Library is located east of the median, the solar peaks will be shifted earlier in time and those west of the median will have their solar peaks
shifted later in time.
Ref #112.
The glass return air sensible load,QCOND gl,ra , is the conduction load between the plenum air and the outside air dry bulb at the
time of the peak.
72
UVAL gl = [1-(PCSHAD/100)] x UVAL gl,ns + (PCSHAD/100) x UVAL gl,sh
If no plenum exists, QCOND gl,ra is zero.
Ref#
Variable
Description
-------- ------------- ----------------------------------------------EQ 192
AREA gl
glass area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
EQ 114
CLTD gl-pl
Effective cooling load temperature difference
between the plenum air and the outside air
dry bulb, F [C]
EQ 104
PCTGRA
Percent of Glass to return air, %
TR INSH PCSHAD
Percent of glass which is internally shaded this
hour, %
EQ 113
QCOND gl,ra
Glass conduction load to return air, Btu/hr [W]
EQ 113
UVAL gl
Effective glass U-value, Btu/hr-ft 2 -F [W/m 2 -C]
EQ 177
UVAL gl,ns
U-value for portion of glass, not internally
& 178
shaded, Btu/hr-ft 2 -F [W/m 2 -C]
TR INSH UVAL gl,sh
U-value for portion of glass internally shaded,
Btu/hr-ft 2 -F [W/m 2 -C]
Ref #114.
QCOND xf = QLOAD xf
= AREA xf x UVAL xf x CLTD xf
Ref#
Variable
Description
-------- ------------- ----------------------------------------------EQ 188
AREA xf
Exposed floor area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
EQ 116
CLTD xf
Exposed Floor cooling load temperature
difference, F [C]
EQ 115
QCOND xf
Exposed Floor conduction load, Btu/hr [W]
RF 115
QLOAD xf
Exposed floor conduction load, determined by the
load methodology user selected on the Load
2 [W/m 2 ]
Simulation Parameters screen, Btu/hr-ft
EQ 173
UVAL xf
Exposed Floor U-value, Btu/hr-ft 2 -F [W/m 2 -C]
73
Ref #116. Floor Cooling Load Temperature Difference
QCOND xf
CLTD xf = ---------------UVAL xf x AREA xf
Ref#
Variable
Description
-------- ------------- ----------------------------------------------EQ 188
AREA xf
Exposed floor area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
EQ 116
CLTD xf
Exposed floor cooling load temperature
difference, F [C]
EQ 115
QCOND xf
Exposed floor conduction load, Btu/hr [W]
EQ 173
UVAL xf
Exposed floor U-value, Btu/hr-ft 2 -F [W/m 2 -C]
Ref #117.
QCOND pt = QLOAD pt
= AREA pt x UVAL pt x CLTD pt
Ref#
Variable
Description
-------- ------------- ----------------------------------------------EQ 187
AREA pt
Partition area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
EQ 118
CLTD pt
Partition cooling load temperature difference,
F [C]
EQ 117
QCOND pt
Partition conduction load, Btu/hr [W]
RF 117
QLOAD pt
Partition conduction load determined by the load
methodology user selected on the Load
2 [W/m 2 ]
Simulation Parameters screen, Btu/hr-ft
EQ 172
UVAL pt
Partition U-value, Btu/hr-ft 2 -F [W/m 2 -C]
Ref #118.
QCOND pt
CLTD pt = ---------------UVAL pt x AREA pt
Ref#
Variable
Description
-------- ------------- ----------------------------------------------EQ 187
AREA pt
Partition area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
EQ 118
CLTD pt
Partition cooling load temperature difference,
F [C]
EQ 117
QCOND pt
Partition conduction load, Btu/hr [W]
EQ 172
UVAL pt
Partition U-value, Btu/hr-ft 2 -F [W/m 2 -C]
Ref #119.
Infiltration Airflow
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------CFMINF
Infiltration airflow at time of peak, cfm [cms]
CONV air
Airflow conversion factor
INFVAL
Infiltration value
PCTINF t
Percent infiltration this hour, %
QINFS
= K * CFMINF * (OADB
- DSRMDB)
Ref#
Variable
Description
-------- ------------- ----------------------------------------------EQ 119
CFMINF
Infiltration airflow at time of peak, cfm [cms]
RF 56
DSRMDB
Design room dry bulb, F [C]
74
& 70
17
EQ
RF 55
OADB t
& 62,69,75
EQ 120
QINFS
Ref #121.
QINFL
t ) / CWRT
Ref#
Variable
Description
-------- ------------- ----------------------------------------------EQ 119
CFMINF
Infiltration airflow at time of peak, cfm [cms]
RF 121
CWRT
Humidity ratio conversion constant =
7000 [1], grains/(lbm/lbm)
EQ 154d DSRMW
Room design humidity ratio, grains
3 ) [J/m 3 ]
EQ 19
LFAC
Latent heat factor, Btu-min/(hr-lbm-ft
RF 55
OAW t
Humidity ratio at time of peak, grains
& 62,69,75
EQ 121
QINFL
Infiltration latent load, Btuh [W]
Ref #91.
The program assumes that the plenum temperature is equally mixed (i.e., constant) for each system. Using system-level load components
in an energy balance, the plenum temperature is given by:
75
nroofs
[(UVAL rf,i *AREA rf,i *UVAL sk,i ) + AREA sk,i *(PCSKRA i /100)] +
i=1
UAR =
nwalls
{[UVAL wl,j *AREA wl,j *(PCWLRA j /100)] + [UVAL gl,j *AREA gl,j *(PCGLRA j /100)]}
j=1
Ref#
Variable
Description
-------- ------------- ----------------------------------------------EQ 192
AREA gl,j
Portion of glass area exposed to a plenum
EQ 191
AREA rf,i
Nonglass roof area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
EQ 189
AREA sk,i
Skylight area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
EQ 194
AREA wl,j
Nonglass wall area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
TR ROOF nroofs
Number of roofs
EQ 104
PCGLRA j
Percent of glass to return air, %
TR SKLT PCSKRA i
Percent skylight solar to return air
for a roof number i, %
EQ 104
PCWLRA j
Percent wall to return air for wall number j, %
EQ 111
UVAL gl,j
Effective glass U-value, Btu/hr-ft 2 -F [W/m 2 -C]
RF 176
UVAL rf,i
Nonglass roof U-value, Btu/hr-ft 2 -F
[W/m 2 -C]
EQ 179
UVAL wl,j
Nonglass wall U-value, Btu/hr-ft 2 -F
[W/m 2 -C]
EQ 174
UVAL sk,i
Effective skylight U-value, Btu/hr-ft 2 -F
& 175
[W/m 2 -C]
RF 91
UAR
Effective roof U-value x area, Btu/hr-F [W-C]
The effective external roof conduction temperature is given by:
TRCOND = DSRMDB + (QCOND rf,ra + QCOND sk,ra + QCOND wl,ra + QCOND gl,ra ) / UAR
Ref#
-------RF 56
& 70
EQ 111
EQ 92
EQ 100
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------DSRMDB
Design room dry bulb, F [C]
EQ 104
RF 91
QCOND wl,ra
TRCOND
RF 91
UAR
QCOND gl,ra
QCOND rf,ra
QCOND sk,ra
The plenum humidity ratio is derived in a manner similar to the plenum dry bulb.
ov + RAPLCF*RAW + RRPLCF*RRW)] +
Ref#
Variable
Description
-------- ------------- ----------------------------------------------EQ 150
BPPLCF
Cold deck bypass airflow routed through plenum,
cfm [cms]
EQ 166d BPW
Cold deck bypass air humidity ratio,
grains
EQ 19
LFAC
Latent heat factor,
Btu-min/(hr-lbm-ft 3 ) [J/m 3 ]
EQ 125
OAW ov
Humidity ratio of outside air supplied by the
optional ventilation unit, grains
EQ 150
OVPLCF
Optional ventilation airflow routed through
plenum, cfm [cms]
EQ 150
PLENCF
Plenum airflow, cfm [cms]
EQ 91
PLENW
Plenum humidity ratio, grains
RF 53a
QMISCL pl
Miscellaneous load assigned to the plenum,
Btu/hr [W]
76
EQ
EQ
EQ
EQ
150
153
150
151
RAPLCF
RAW
RRPLCF
RRW
For a more detailed discussion of plenum calculations, see the TRACE 600 Engineering Manual (TRCE-UM-602).
Ref #96.
If there is no plenum (i.e., PLENHT or UACEIL = 0), all of the roof load is conducted into the space, otherwise the ceiling load is
referenced to the plenum temperature:
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------DSRMDB
Design room dry bulb, F [C]
PLENDB
PLENHT
QCEIL
UACEIL
2 -F)
Envelope Total
The sum of the envelope components, including infiltration, is available for user reference although it is not used explicitly in any load or
design calculations, e.g., coils or fans sized according to the "SKIN" sizing method do NOT include roof, ceiling, infiltration, or any wall
components assigned to the plenum.
QTOT env = QCOND rf,ra + QCOND rf,sp + QCEIL + QCOND sk,ra + QCOND sk,sp +
QSOL sk,ra + QSOL sk,sp + QCOND wl,ra + QCOND wl,sp + QCOND gl,ra +
QCOND gl,sp + QSOL gl,ra + QSOL gl,sp + QCOND pt + QCOND xf +
QINFS + QINFL
Ref#
-------EQ 96
EQ 113
EQ 113
EQ 117
EQ 92
EQ 94
EQ 100
EQ
EQ
EQ
EQ
EQ
EQ
EQ
EQ
EQ
EQ
EQ
102
104
106
113
121
120
109
108
98
98
122
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------QCEIL
Ceiling load into space, Btu/hr [W]
QCOND gl,ra
Glass conduction load to return air, Btu/hr [W]
QCOND gl,sp
Glass conduction load to space, Btu/hr [W]
QCOND pt
Partition conduction load, Btu/hr [W]
QCOND rf,ra
Roof conduction load to return air, Btu/hr [W]
QCOND rf,sp
Roof conduction load to space, Btu/hr [W]
QCOND sk,ra
Skylight conduction load to return air,
Btu/hr [W]
QCOND sk,sp
Skylight conduction load to space, Btu/hr [W]
QCOND wl,ra
Wall conduction load to return air, Btu/hr [W]
QCOND wl,sp
Wall conduction load to space, Btu/hr [W]
QCOND xf
Exposed Floor conduction load, Btu/hr [W]
QINFL
Infiltration latent load, Btu/hr [W]
QINFS
Infiltration sensible load, Btu/hr [W]
QSOL gl,ra
Glass solar load to return air, Btu/hr [W]
QSOL gl,sp
Glass solar load on space, Btu/hr [W]
QSOL sk,ra
Skylight solar load to return air, Btu/hr [W]
QSOL sk,sp
Skylight solar load on space, Btu/hr [W]
QTOT env
Total envelope load, Btu/hr [W]
77
QLITES max = VAL lit x CONV lit x BALLAST x (PCLIT max /100) x (1 - PCDAYL/100)
The zone and system-level block lighting loads are multiplied by the user-defined lighting variance factor:
The room, zone and system-level sum-of-the-peak lighting loads ignore the lighting variance factor:
TR CLGC
TR PLIT
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------BALLAST
Ballast factor
CONV lit
Lighting conversion constant
PCLIT max
Maximum scheduled lighting percent during day of
peak, %
PCDAYL
Percent of lighting power off because of
daylighting controls, %
PCLRA
Percent lights to return air, %
QLITES max
Maximum lighting heat gain occurring during day
of peak, Btu/hr [W]
QLITES t,sp
Lighting space sensible load at time of peak,
Btu/hr [W]
QLOAD t,lit
Lighting sensible load fraction at time of peak;
a function of the load methodology user
selected on the Load Parameters
screen. See Engineering Manual, decimal
VAR lit
Lighting variance, %
VAL lit
Lighting value
Units Acronym
BTUH
BTUH-SF
KW
MBH
TONS
WATT-SF
WATT-SM
WATTS
Description
Btu/hr
Btu/(hr-ft2)
Kilowatt
1000 Btuh
Tons
Watt/ft2
Watt/m2
Watts
If the return air is ducted through the lighting fixtures (i.e., the Fixture Type was entered as ASHRAE4, RECFL-RS, or RECFL-RA, and
the Return Air Path as DUCTED) or if the plenum height has been entered as zero, the portion of the lighting load assigned to return air is
assumed to be picked up by the return air stream via ductwork.
= QLITES t,ra
= 0
= 0
= QLITES t,ra
78
Any heat of lights picked up by ducted return air through the lighting fixtures is initially assumed to be routed through the DUCTED air
path (i.e., airflows with Air Path equal to DUCTED). If the ducted airflow is zero, the program assumes the heat of lights was picked up
by one of the other air paths.
If (DUCTCF > 0)
Then
QLDTRA = 0
Otherwise
QLDTRA = QLDUCT
QLDUCT = 0
However, if the total return airflow prior to the system exhaust is zero, any lighting loads assigned to return air are dumped back into the
space.
The room, zone and system-level sum-of-the-peak lighting loads ignore the lighting variance factor:
QLOAD t,lit
The zone and system-level block lighting loads are multiplied by the user-defined lighting variance factor:
QLITES t,ra = (VAR lit /100) x (PCLRA/100) x QLITES max x QLOAD t,lit
Ref#
Variable
Description
-------- ------------- ----------------------------------------------TR PLIT BALLAST
Ballast factor
79
TR PLIT
EQ 80
PCLRA
QLITES max
EQ 81
QLITES t,ra
TR CLGC
QLOAD t,lit
TR CLGC
TR PLIT
VAR lit
VAL int
Ref #82.
The room, zone and system-level sum-of-the-peak lighting loads ignore the lighting variance factor:
The maximum people sensible heat gain during the day of the (coil or fan) peak is given by:
80
EQ 83
QPEOPS max
EQ 83
QPEOPS t
TR CLGC
TR PLIT
VAR int
VAL peop
screen, decimal
Maximum people sensible heat gain occurring
during day of peak, Btu/hr [W]
People sensible heat gain at time of peak,
Btu/hr [W]
People variance, %
People value
Units Acronym
PEOP-SF
PEOP-SM
PEOPLE
Description
People/ft2
People/m2
People
Ref #84.
The people latent heat gain, QPEOPL, is treated as an instantaneous load. The maximum people latent heat gain during the day of the
(coil or fan) peak is given by:
The room, zone and system-level sum-of-the-peak sensible people loads ignore the people variance factor:
QPEOPS t
CLF peop = ------------------------QPEOPS max * (VAR peop /100)
Ref#
Variable
Description
-------- ------------- ----------------------------------------------EQ 85
CLF peop
People cooling load factor, decimal
EQ 83
QPEOPS max
Maximum people sensible heat gain occurring during day
of peak, Btu/hr [W]
EQ 83
QPEOPS t
People sensible heat gain at time of peak,
Btu/hr [W]
81
TR CLGC
Ref #86.
VAR peop
The maximum miscellaneous space sensible load occurring during the day of the (coil or fan) peak is given by:
nmisc
MAXMSP = [QMISC j * (PCTMS j /100) * (PCTMSP j /100)]
j=1
where
QMISCS t,sp =
The zone and system-level block miscellaneous sensible loads are multiplied by the user-defined miscellaneous variance factor:
QMISCS t,sp =
Ref#
Variable
Description
-------- ------------- ----------------------------------------------TB 2.18 CONV misc
Miscellaneous value conversion factor
EQ 86
MAXMSP
Maximum miscellaneous sensible heat gain
assigned to space, Btu/hr [W]
TR MISC NMISC
Number of miscellaneous pieces entered by the
user for a given room
TR LSCH PCMISC max
Maximum percent utilization for miscellaneous
equipment during day of peak, %
TR MISC PCTMS
Percent of miscellaneous equipment heat gain
which is sensible, %
TR MISC PCTMSP
Percent of miscellaneous equipment sensible heat
gain which is assigned to the space, %
RF 86
QLOAD t,misc
Misc sensible load fraction at time of peak;
determined from load methodology user
selected on the Load Parameters
screen, decimal
EQ 86
QMISC;
Miscellaneous equipment heat gain for a particular room,
Btu/hr [W]
EQ 86
QMISCS t,sp
Miscellaneous space sensible equipment heat gain
at time of peak, Btu/hr [W]
TR MISC VAL misc
Miscellaneous equipment value entered by the user
TR MISC VAR misc
Miscellaneous equipment variance, %
Table 2.18 Miscellaneous Value Conversion Factors
Units Acronym
BTUH
BTUH-SF
KW
MBH
TONS
WATT-SF
WATT-SM
WATTS
Description
Btu/hr
Btu/(hr-ft2)
Kilowatt
1000 Btuh
Tons
Watt/ft2
Watt/m2
Watts
Ref #87.
82
The miscellaneous latent load is treated as an instantaneous room load. The maximum miscellaneous latent load occurring during the day
of the (coil or fan) peak is given by:
nmisc
MAXML = [QMISC j * (PCTML j /100) ] * PCMISC max
j=1
The room, zone and system-level sum-of-the-peak miscellaneous latent loads ignore the miscellaneous variance factor:
QMISCL t,sp =
MAXML * PCMSSP/100
QMISCL t,ra =
MAXML * PCMSRA/100
The zone and system-level block miscellaneous latent loads are multiplied by the user-defined miscellaneous variance factor:
QMISCL t,sp =
QMISCL t,ra =
Ref#
-------TB 2.18
EQ 87
TR MISC
TR LSCH
TR LSCH
TR LSCH
TR MISC
EQ 86
EQ 87
EQ 87
TR MISC
TR CLGC
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------CONV misc
Miscellaneous value conversion factor
MAXML
Maximum miscellaneous latent heat gain, Btu/hr [W]
NMISC
Number of miscellaneous pieces entered by the
user for a given room
PCMISC max
Maximum percent utilization for miscellaneous
equipment during day of peak, %
PCMSSP
Percent miscellaneous assigned to the space, %
PCMSRA
Percent miscellaneous assigned to return air, %
PCTML
Percent of miscellaneous equipment heat gain
which is latent, %
QMISC j
Miscellaneous equipment heat gain for a particular room,
Btu/hr [W]
QMISCL t,sp
Misc latent heat gain assigned to space at
time of peak, Btu/hr [W]
QMISCL t,ra
Misc latent heat gain assigned to return air at
time of peak, Btu/hr [W]
VAL misc
Miscellaneous equipment value
VAR misc
Miscellaneous equipment variance, %
NOTE: at publication time, the value forQMISCL t,ra was only printed in the Checksums Report. Also,
QMISCL t,ra will
print out as zero if the Miscellaneous Air Path was specified as RM-EXH or SYS-EXH since these loads are not seen by the coil.
Ref #88.
The maximum miscellaneous return air sensible load occurring during the day of the (coil or fan) peak is given by:
nmisc
MAXMRA = [QMISC j * (PCTMSj/100) * (PCTMRAj/100)]
j=1
The room, zone and system-level sum-of-the-peak miscellaneous sensible loads ignore the miscellaneous variance factor:
QMISCS t,ra =
The zone and system-level block miscellaneous sensible loads are multiplied by the user-defined miscellaneous variance factor:
QMISCS t,ra =
Ref#
Variable
Description
-------- ------------- ----------------------------------------------TB 2.18 CONV misc
Miscellaneous value conversion factor
EQ 88
MAXMRA
Maximum miscellaneous sensible heat gain
assigned to return air, Btu/hr [W]
TR MISC NMISC
Number of miscellaneous pieces entered by the
user for a given room
83
TR MISC
PCTMRA
TR MISC
PCTMS
RF 88
QLOAD t,misc
TR MISC
EQ 88
QMISC
QMISCS t,ra
TR MISC
TR CLGC
VAL misc
VAR misc
NOTE: QMISCS t,ra will print out as zero if the Miscellaneous Air Path was specified as RM-EXH or SYS-EXH since these loads
are not seen by the coil.
Ref #89.
The room, zone and system-level sum-of-the-peak miscellaneous sensible loads ignore the miscellaneous variance factor:
84
Outside air can be introduced into six possible "deck" locations (see Figure 2.24). The deck location determines where and how the
outside air is controlled. When the outside air dampers are located on the ROA deck, optional heating/cooling coils can be used to preheat
and/or precool the outside air stream before it mixes with return air. The optional ventilation fan, however, is automatically deleted and the
hourly ventilation quantity, OACFM, is initially set equal to the nominal outside air quantity, OANOM.
85
If (CLDECK ov
QVENTS roa
QVENTL roa
Otherwise
QVENTS roa
QVENTL roa
= ROADK) Then
= QVENTS c
= QVENTL c
= 0
= 0
86
When ventilation air is introduced directly into the space, the ventilation load becomes a space load, i.e.,
87
EQ 125
QVENTLroa
RF 124
ROADK
RF 124
ROOMDK
TR STYP
RF 124
SADBvc
SAWvc
Ref #126.
If the optional ventilation cooling coil schedule reads greater than zero, a separate outside air system is assumed which has its own
heating/cooling coils. This airflow is stored in the variable
OVCFM.
Ref#
Variable
Description
-------- ------------- ----------------------------------------------EQ 35
CEDB vc
Optional ventilation cooling/heating coil
entering dry bulb, F [C]
EQ 159
CETD ov
Temperature increase prior to coil due to supply
fan heat, F [C]
EQ 35
CEW vc
Optional ventilation cooling coil entering
humidity ratio, grains
EQ 127
CLDB vc
Optional ventilation cooling/heating coil
leaving dry bulb, F [C]
EQ 159
CLTD ov
Temperature increase due to fan heat after air
leaves coil, F [C]
EQ 128
CLW vc
Optional ventilation cooling coil leaving
88
RF 127
CWRT
EQ 17
EQ 19
LFAC
RF 62
& 75
RF 62
& 75
EQ 126
EQ 128
OADB t
EQ 127
QSENS vc
TR STYP
SADB vc
Ref #129.
OAWB t
OVCFM
QLAT vc
Cooling bypass airflow occurs when the Cooling Bypass Path is NOT equal to NONE in the System Library, e.g., systems such as bypass
VAV (BPVAV, BPVRH) and terminal air blender (TAB, SFPVAV ). For such systems, the main cooling airflow will bypass the space
when the space load is less than design. This value will be zero for space-level airflows, auxiliary systems, and heating design reports.
If the fan is sized according to the sum-of-the-peaks airflow
(PKCFM c ) , the amount of main cooling airflow which bypasses the space
is a function of the actual airflow needed by the space
(BLKCFM c ), i.e.,
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------BPCFM c
Cooling bypass airflow, cfm [cms]
DSRMDB c
Design room dry bulb, F [C]
K
Density-specific heat product,
Btu-min/(hr-ft 3 -F) [J/(m 3 -C)]
QBPSEN
Cooling bypass sensible load, Btu/hr [W]
SADB c
Cooling supply air dry bulb, F [C]
89
Ref #132.
Over/Under Sizing
Over/Under Sizing will occur when both the supply air quantity and the supply air dry bulb cooling have been user defined. The amount
of reheat (when QSIZE > 0) here is defined as the energy required to prevent overcooling the space at design conditions.
90
Outside air can be introduced into six possible "deck" locations (see Figure 2.24). The deck location determines where and how the
outside air is controlled. When the outside air dampers are located on the ROA deck, optional heating/cooling coils can be used to preheat
and/or precool the outside air stream before it mixes with return air. The optional ventilation fan, however, is automatically deleted and the
hourly ventilation quantity, OACFM, is initially set equal to the nominal outside air quantity, OANOM.
If the optional ventilation heating coil schedule reads greater than zero, the outside air is heated
SADB
to vh during heating design;
otherwise, the outside air condition remains unchanged:
91
If (PCT vh = 0) Then OADB vh = OADB t
The ventilation load as referenced to the design room condition is then given by:
Ref #136.
The optional ventilation heating coil entering coil condition is based on the winter design condition.
CEDB vh = WDDB
92
The optional ventilation heating coil leaving dry bulb is dependent on the design auxiliary heating supply air dry bulb entered on the Create
Systems - Options screen. No credit is given for fan heat.
CLDB vh = SADB vh
Once the entering and leaving conditions are known, the optional heating coil capacity is calculated with:
The reheat minimum airflow is defined by the user on the Create Rooms - Single Sheet and Create Rooms - Airflows screens and
multiplied times the reheat minimum schedule percentage at the time of the main heating space peak.
The purpose of the "reheat" mode of the reheat coil is to prevent the space from being overcooled when more cold air is being delivered to
a space than what would be necessary to maintain the space at the design heating thermostat. If the reheat coil is also to be used for
heating during the regular heating mode, the capacity of the reheat coil is combined with the main heating coil. Only the reheat mode is
described in this section.
Table 2.19 Reheat Minimum Characteristics
System Type
Terminal Location
Building Location
BPVAV
BPVRH
BPMZ
COMP
DD
DDVAV
FC
INCHP
IND
INDFP
MZ
PFPVAV
CDECK
CDECK
NONE
NONE
NONE
B-DECKS
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
CDECK
PERM-INT
PERM-INT
NA
NA
NA
PERM-INT
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
PERM-INT
Default
RHCFM %
0
30
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
93
PFPVAVRA
PTAC
RAD
RTMZ
SFPVAV
SZ
TAB
TRH
2FDDVV
UV
VAV
VAVBSK
VAVFSK
VRH
VTCV
WSHP
CDECK
NONE
NONE
NONE
CDECK
NONE
CDECK
CDECK
CDECK
NONE
CDECK
CDECK
CDECK
CDECK
NONE
NONE
PERM-INT
NA
NA
NA
PERM-INT
NA
PERM-INT
PERM-INT
PERM-INT
NA
PERM-INT
PERM-INT
PERM-INT
PERM-INT
NA
NA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
0
0
0
0
0
30
0
0
The reheat coil entering condition is based on the design cold deck supply air condition.
CEDB rh = DSADB c
The design reheat coil leaving dry bulb,
CLDB rh , is assumed to be equal to the design room heating dry bulb. The design leaving
humidity ratio remains unchanged from the entering condition.
CLDB rh = DSRMDB h
Once the entering and leaving conditions are known, the reheat coil capacity is calculated with:
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------CEDB rh
Reheat coil entering dry bulb, F [C]
CLDB rh
Reheat coil leaving dry bulb, F [C]
CLSIZE rh
Reheat coil sizing method
COMBINED
Acronym indicating that the reheat coil
capacity is combined with that of the main
heating coil
DSADB c
Design main cold deck supply air temperature, F [C]
DSRMDB h
Design room heating dry bulb, F [C]
K
Density-specific heat product,
Btu-min/(hr-ft 3 -F) [J/(m 3 -C)]
QCAP rh
Reheat coil capacity, Btu/hr [W]
RHCFM
Reheat coil airflow, cfm [cms]
System Type
BPVAV
BPVRH
BPMZ
COMP
DD
DDVAV
FC
INCHP
IND
Sizing Method
COMBINED
COMBINED
NO-COIL
COMBINED
NO-COIL
SEPARATE
NO-COIL
NO-COIL
NO-COIL
Level Location
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
Deck Location
ROOMDK
SAME-CC
B-DECKS
CDECK
B-DECKS
B-DECKS
B-DECKS
B-DECKS
B-DECKS
94
INDFP
MZ
PFPVAV
PFPVAVRA
PTAC
RAD
RTMZ
SFPVAV
SZ
TAB
TRH
2FDDVV
UV
VAV
VAVBSK
VAVFSK
VRH
VTCV
WSHP
Ref #139, 140.
NO-COIL
NO-COIL
COMBINED
COMBINED
NO-COIL
NO-COIL
NO-COIL
COMBINED
NO-COIL
COMBINED
COMBINED
SEPARATE
NO-COIL
COMBINED
SEPARATE
SEPARATE
COMBINED
NO-COIL
NO-COIL
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
B-DECKS
B-DECKS
B-DECKS
B-DECKS
B-DECKS
B-DECKS
B-DECKS
SAME-CC
B-DECKS
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
B-DECKS
B-DECKS
ROOMDK
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
SAME-CC
B-DECKS
B-DECKS
CEDB hm = DSRMDB h
CEW hm = DSRMW h
If (DSFNCF ah 0)
Then COILCF hm = DSFNCF ah
Otherwise COILCF hm = DSFNCF ac
If the humidification coil is located on the same deck as the main cooling coil, the humidification airflow will equal the design cold deck
airflow. If located on the same deck as the main heating coil, the humidification airflow will equal the design hot deck airflow. In either
case, the coil entering condition will equal ROAW at the time of the main heating coil peak.
t,sp
95
EQ 140
CEW hm
EQ 119
CFMINF h
RF 140
CLDECK hm
EQ 140
CLW hm
EQ 139
RF 140
COILCF hm
CWRT
EQ 27
EQ 28
EQ 58
DSCFM c
DSCFM h
DSFNCF ac
EQ 78
DSFNCF ah
EQ 123
DSOACF h
EQ 70
EQ 154d
DSRMDB h
DSRMW h
EQ 19
LFAC
TR
EQ
EQ
EQ
EQ
RF
MINRH
QCAP hm
QMISCL t,sp
QPEOPL
RMWMIN
ROAW h
SADB
140
86
84
140
140
RF 140
ROOMDK
RF 140
SAME-CC
RF 140
SAME-HC
TR SADB
WDELTA
RF 75
WDW
Ref #141.
The airflow heating loads total,QAIR h , is for user reference and is not used in any explicit heating capacity calculations.
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------QAIR h
Airflow heating loads total, Btu/hr [W]
QCAP hm
Humidification coil capacity, Btu/hr [W]
QCAP rh
Reheat coil capacity, Btu/hr [W]
QVENTS h
Sensible ventilation load at time of main
heating coil peak, Btu/hr [W]
QVENTS vh
Optional ventilation heating coil sensible
capacity, Btu/hr [W]
96
The supply duct heat pickup is a direct function of user entry on the Create Rooms - Fan Static Pressures screen. Supply duct heat pickup
is zero for heating design.
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------DUCTTD
Supply/return duct heat temperature difference,
F [C]
CFM cl
Supply airflow at time of coil peak, cfm [cms]
K
Density-specific heat product,
Btu-min/(hr-ft 3 -F) [J/(m 3 -C)]
QSDUCT
Supply duct heat pickup, Btu/hr [W]
Note that whenever the supply duct heat pickup flag is chosen as RETAIR, the program assumes that all of the duct heat picked up came
from the return air stream, meaning that the return air load must be decreased by whatever amount is picked up by the supply duct (see
Ref #165).
Ref #143.
The supply fan heat calculation assumes that all of the electrical energy used to power the fan motor eventually becomes heat. Some of
this heat may or may not be seen by the supply air stream depending on where the supply fan motor is located. If the supply fan motor is
located in the return air, the supply fan heat is added to the return air stream. In the unusual case where the return fan motor is located in
the supply air stream, the return fan motor heat is included in the supply rather than return fan heat calculation.
The return fan heat calculation assumes that all of the electrical energy used to power the fan motor eventually becomes heat. Some of this
heat may or may not be seen by the return air stream depending on where the return fan motor is located. If the supply fan motor is also
located in the return air stream, the supply fan motor heat is included in the return fan heat calculation. In the unusual case where the
return fan motor is located in the supply air stream, the return fan motor heat is included in the supply rather than return fan heat
calculation.
97
EQ 144
EQ 153
Ref #145.
QFAN r
RACFMT
coil peak, %
Return fan heat, Btu/hr [W]
Return airflow, cfm [cms]
The exhausted return air load is the portion of the return air load which is exhausted to the atmosphere and never seen by the coil. See
Figure 2.27 for the two extremes, i.e., when outside air brought through the supply air cooling coil is either zero or 100%.
98
Ref #146.
99
EQ 144
EQ 142
EQ 145
Ref #147.
QFAN r
QFAN s
QRAEXH
The system exhaust airflow is exhausted just prior to the return/outside air deck. (See Figure 2.28)
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------CFMINF
Infiltration airflow this hour, cfm [cms]
CFM cl
Main supply airflow dumped from terminal box
100
& 78
TB 2.2
EQ 123
CONV air
OVSPCF
TR
EQ
TR
EQ
PCT rx
RMEXCF
RMEXVL
RMRACF
LSCH
148
FNCF
148
Figure 2.29 Schematic of possible airflows into and out of the space
Ref #149.
Ducted Airflow
The ducted airflow is determined by following the airflows that pass through the main return air duct: (See Figure 2.30).
If (BPPATH = DUCTED)
Then BPDTCF = BPCFMc
Otherwise BPDTCF = 0
If (OVPATH = DUCTED)
Then OVDTCF = OVCFM
Otherwise OVDTCF = 0
101
If (RAPATH = DUCTED)
Then RADTCF = RMRACF
Otherwise RADTCF = 0
If (RRPATH = DUCTED)
Then RRDTCF = RRCFM
Otherwise RRDTCF = 0
DUCTCF = BPDTCF + OVDTCF + RADTCF + RRDTCF
Figure 2.30 Schematic of Possible Return Air Paths
If the amount of ducted return airflow, DUCTCF, is zero, the value QLDTRA is set equal to QLDUCT, and QLDUCT is set to zero. This
leaves open the possibility that the lighting load assigned to return air will be picked up by the RACFMT air stream.
Ref#
-------EQ 129
EQ 166a
EQ 149
TB 2.21
RF 166d
EQ 149
RF 149
EQ 126
EQ 149
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------BPCFM c
Cold deck bypass airflow, cfm [cms]
BPDB c
Cold deck bypass dry bulb, F [C]
BPDTCF
Cold deck bypass airflow routed through the
return air duct, cfm [cms]
BPPATH
Cold deck bypass air path
BPW
Cold deck bypass air humidity ratio,
grains
DUCTCF
Total ducted airflow, cfm [cms]
DUCTED
Acronym indicating that the airflow is to be
routed through the return air duct
OVCFM
Optional ventilation airflow, cfm [cms]
OVDTCF
Optional ventilation airflow routed through
return air duct, cfm [cms]
OVPATH
Optional ventilation air path
TB 2.21
& TR STYP
RF 80
QLDUCT
RF 80
QLDTRA
EQ 148
EQ 153
RACFM
RACFMT
EQ 149
RADTCF
TB 2.21 RAPATH
& TR FNSP
EQ 151
RRCFM
EQ 149
RRDTCF
TB 2.21
RRPATH
102
The initial condition of the air is equal to the weighted average of the airflows routed through the return air duct plus any heat of lights if
the return air was routed through the lighting fixtures:
System Type
BPVAV
BPVRH
BPMZ
COMP
DD
DDVAV
FC
INCHP
IND
INDFP
MZ
PFPVAV
PFPVAVRA
PTAC
RAD
RTMZ
SFPVAV
SZ
TAB
Air Paths
Clg Bypass
Path
PLENUM
PLENUM
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
CORRIDOR
Plenum Level
SAME-CF
SAME-CF
SAME-CF
SAME-CF
SAME-CF
SAME-CF
SAME-CF
SAME-CF
SAME-CF
SAME-CF
SAME-CF
ZONE
ZONE
SAME-CF
ROOM
SAME-CF
ZONE
SAME-CF
ZONE
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROOMDK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
103
TRH
2FDDVV
UV
VAV
VAVBSK
VAVFSK
VRH
VTCV
WSHP
PLENUM
PLENUM
ROOMDK
PLENUM
PLENUM
PLENUM
PLENUM
PLENUM
PLENUM
NA
PLENUM
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
SAME-CF
SAME-HF
ROOM
SAME-CF
SAME-CF
SAME-CF
SAME-CF
SAME-CF
SAME-CF
ROADK
ROADK
ROOMDK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
ROADK
Variable
------------BPCFMc
BPPATH
BPPLCF
EQ 126
OVCFM
TB 2.21 OVPATH
& TR STYP
EQ 150
OVPLCF
EQ 150
RF 150
PLENCF
PLENCORR
TR GENL
RF 150
PLENHT
PLENUM
EQ 148
RMRACF
TB 2.21 RAPATH
& TR FNSP
EQ 150
RAPLCF
EQ 151
RRCFM
TB 2.21 RRPATH
EQ 150
RRPLCF
Ref #151.
Description
----------------------------------------------Cold deck bypass airflow, cfm [cms]
Cold deck bypass air path
Cold deck bypass airflow routed through plenum,
cfm [cms]
Optional ventilation airflow, cfm [cms]
Optional ventilation air path
Optional ventilation airflow routed through
plenum, cfm [cms]
Plenum airflow, cfm [cms]
Acronym indicating that airflow is to be routed
first through the plenum, then through the
corridor.
Plenum height, ft [m]
Acronym indicating that airflow is to be routed
through the plenum
Beginning return airflow, cfm [cms]
Return air path
Return air routed through plenum, cfm [cms]
Runaround airflow, cfm [cms]
Runaround airflow path
Runaround airflow routed though plenum, cfm [cms]
104
The runaround airflow equals the main heating airflow,
CFM cl,h , if the main heating coil deck location,CLDECK h , has been
specified as RUNARND, e.g., the heating side of 2FDDVV, TAB, SFPVAV, PFPVAV, and PFPVAVRA. See Figure 2.30.
If (CLDECK h = RUNARND)
Then RRCFM = CFM cl,h
Otherwise RRCFM = 0
The runaround airflow, RRCFM, is zero for cooling design calculations.
Ref#
Variable
Description
-------- ------------- ----------------------------------------------TB 1.15 CLDECKh
Main heating coil deck location
EQ 78
CFMcl,h
Heating supply airflow at time of coil peak,
cfm [cms]
EQ 151
RRCFM
Runaround airflow, cfm [cms]
TB 2.21 RRPATH
Runaround airflow path
RF 151
RUNARND
Acronym indicating that a coil or fan is located
in the runaround deck
If the runaround path = PLENUM then it can be routed no farther and will instead take on the condition of the plenum air:
Corridor Airflow
The corridor (or air shaft) is an alternate way of routing some or all of the return air back to the return/outside air deck. Other than mixing
various airstreams, no heat transfer can occur in the corridor. The corridor is assumed-join
to rethe main return air stream just prior to the
main system exhaust. Thus, corridor has certain characteristics which can make the return air behave differently had it been routed
through the plenum or ducted alone. See Figure 2.30.
Some or all of the plenum airflow may be routed through the corridor:
105
If (BPPATH = PLENCORR)
Then BPPCCF = BPCFM c
Otherwise BPPCCF = 0
If (OVPATH = PLENCORR)
Then OVPCCF = OVCFM
Otherwise OVPCCF = 0
If (RAPATH = PLENCORR)
Then RAPCCF = RMRACF
Otherwise RAPCCF = 0
If (RRPATH = PLENCORR)
Then RRPCCF = RRCFM
Otherwise RRPCCF = 0
PLCRCF = BPPCCF + OVPCCF + RAPCCF + RRPCCF
Ref#
-------EQ 129
TB 2.21
EQ 152
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------BPCFM c
Cold deck bypass airflow, cfm [cms]
BPPATH
Cold deck bypass air path
BPPCCF
Cold deck bypass airflow routed through the
corridor, cfm [cms]
OVCFM
Optional ventilation airflow, cfm [cms]
OVPATH
Optional ventilation air path
EQ 126
TB 2.21
& TR STYP
EQ 152
OVPCCF
EQ 152
PLCRCF
RF 152
PLENCORR
EQ 148
RMRACF
TB 2.21 RAPATH
& TR FNSP
EQ 152
RAPCCF
EQ 151
TB 2.21
EQ 152
RRCFM
RRPATH
RRPCCF
The final corridor airflow is determined by following the airflows that pass through the corridor:
If (BPPATH = CORRIDOR)
Then BPCRCF = BPCFM c
Otherwise BPCRCF = 0
If (OVPATH = CORRIDOR)
Then OVCRCF = OVCFM
Otherwise OVCRCF = 0
If (RAPATH = CORRIDOR)
Then RACRCF = RMRACF
Otherwise RACRCF = 0
If (RRPATH = CORRIDOR)
Then RRCRCF = RRCFM
Otherwise RRCRCF = 0
CORRCF = BPCRCF + OVCRCF + RACRCF + RRCRCF + PLCRCF
106
Ref#
-------TB 2.21
EQ 129
EQ 152
EQ 152
RF 152
EQ 126
EQ 152
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------BPPATH
Cold deck bypass air path
BPCFM c
Cold deck bypass airflow, cfm [cms]
BPCRCF
Cold deck bypass airflow routed through the
corridor, cfm [cms]
CORRCF
Corridor airflow, cfm [cms]
CORRIDOR
Acronym indicating airflow to be routed through
the corridor
OVCFM
Optional ventilation airflow, cfm [cms]
OVCRCF
Optional ventilation airflow routed through the
corridor, cfm [cms]
OVPATH
Optional ventilation air path
TB 2.21
& TR STYP
EQ 148
RMRACF
EQ 152
RACRCF
TB 2.21 RAPATH
& TR FNSP
EQ 151
RRCFM
EQ 152
RRCRCF
TB 2.21
RRPATH
Return
Return
cfm
Return
Since any conduction loss from the corridor (or air shaft) is assumed to be negligible, the corridor air condition is a weighted average of
airflows through corridor:
The initial condition of the air leaving the room return grilles will equal the room condition, i.e.,
RADB
= DSRMDB
107
RAW
= DSRMW
RACFM = RMRACF
The final return air condition will bring together all the airflows minus any runaround airflow:
ra
Variable
------------CORRCF
CORRDB
CORRW
DSRMDB
Description
----------------------------------------------Corridor airflow, cfm [cms]
Corridor airflow dry bulb, F [C]
Corridor airflow humidity ratio, grains
Design room dry bulb, F [C]
DSRMW
EQ 149
EQ 149
DUCTCF
DUCTDB
EQ 149
DUCTW
EQ 158
EQ 152
FANTD ra
PLCRCF
EQ
EQ
EQ
EQ
PLENCF
PLENDB
PLENW
QLDTRA
150
91
91
80
EQ 66
QRDUCT
EQ 153
RACFM
EQ 153
RACFMT
EQ 153
RADBT
& RF 53i
EQ 153
RADB
EQ 153
RAW
EQ 153
RAWT
EQ 148
RMRACF
EQ 152
RRCRCF
EQ 149
RRDTCF
EQ 150
RRPLCF
108
Partition U-value
The partition U-value,UVAL pt , has units of Btu/hr-ft 2 -F [W/m 2 -C] and is based on user entry on the Create Rooms Partitions/Floors screen.
Ref #173.
The exposed floor U-value,UVAL xf , has units of Btu/hr-ft 2 -F [W/m 2 -C] and is based on user entry on the Create
Rooms - Partitions/Floors screen.
Ref #174.
The skylight U-value,UVAL sk,sum , has units of Btu/hr-ft 2 -F [W/m 2 -C] and is based on user entry on the Create
Rooms - Roofs screen.
NOTE: the actual skylight U-value used during the cooling design calculations may be different if internal shading (as user defined on the
Create Rooms - Roofs screen) occurs during the time of the cooling load peaks.
Ref #175.
It is assumed that the user-defined skylight U-value is based on summer design conditions, i.e., a wind speed of 7.5 mph and an outside
heat transfer coefficient,h o,dsn , of 4 Btu/(hr-ft 2 -F) . Since the outside surface heat transfer coefficient is a direct function of
the wind velocity, the winter U-value is defined by:
109
The glass U-value, UVAL gl,win , has units of Btu/hr-ft 2 -F [W/m 2 -C] and is based on user entry to the Create Rooms
- Walls screen.
NOTE: the actual glass U-value used during the cooling design calculations may be different if internal shading (as user defined on the
Create Rooms - Walls screen) occurs during the time of the cooling load peaks.
Ref #178.
It is assumed that the user-defined wall glass U-value is based on summer design conditions, i.e., a wind speed of 7.5 mph and an outside
heat transfer coefficient,h o,dsn , of 4 Btu/(hr-ft 2 -F) . Since the outside surface heat transfer coefficient is a direct function of
the wind velocity, the winter U-value is defined by:
Ref #179.
Wall U-value
The nonglass wall U-value,UVAL wl , has units of Btu/hr-ft 2 -F [W/m 2 -C] and is based on user entry on the Create
Rooms - Walls screen.
Ref #180.
Ceiling U-Value
The ceiling U-value, UVAL ceil , is a function of the ceiling R-Value user-defined on the Create Rooms - Rooms screen. Since the
ceiling R-Value only represents the conduction resistance, the ceiling U-value between the plenum air space and the room must include
the air film resistances above and below the acoustic ceiling tile, i.e.,
110
Ref #181.
Ref #182.
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------AREA fl
Floor area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
AREA pt
Partition area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
AREA wl
Nonglass wall area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
AREA xf
Exposed floor area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
MASS fl
Floor specific mass (see floor slab type from
2 [kg/m 2 ]
Create Rooms - Rooms screen), lbm/ft
MASS pt
Partition specific mass (see partition type from
the Create Rooms - Partitions/Floors screen),
lbm/ft 2 [kg/m 2 ]
MASS rm
Room specific mass, lbm/ft 2 [kg/m 2 ]
MASS wl
Wall specific mass (see wall type from the
Create Rooms - Walls screen), lbm/ft 2 [kg/m 2 ]
MASS xf
Exposed floor specific mass (see exposed floor
type from the Create Rooms - Partitions/Floors
screen), lbm/ft 2 [kg/m 2 ]
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------AREA fl
Floor area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
AREA pt
Partition area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
AREA wl
Nonglass wall area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
AREA xf
Exposed floor area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
CAPAC rm
Room heat capacitance, Btu/ft 2 -F [kJ/m 2 -C]
MASS fl
Floor specific mass, lbm/ft 2 [kg/m 2 ]
MASS pt
Partition specific mass, lbm/ft 2 [kg/m 2 ]
MASS wl
Wall specific mass, lbm/ft 2 [kg/m 2 ]
MASS xf
Exposed floor specific mass, lbm/ft 2 [kg/m 2 ]
SPECHT fl
Floor specific heat (see floor slab type from
the Create Rooms - Rooms screen),
Btu/lbm-F [kJ/kg-C]
SPECHT pt
Partition specific heat (see partition type from
the Create Rooms - Partitions/Floors screen,
Btu/lbm-F [kJ/kg-C]
SPECHT wl
Wall specific heat (see wall type from the
Create Rooms - Walls screen) Btu/lbm-F [kJ/kg-C]
SPECHT xf
Exposed floor specific heat (see exposed
floor type from the Create Rooms - Partitions/Floors
screen), Btu/lbm-F [kJ/kg-C]
111
The number of duplicate floors, NDUPFLS, is user defined on the Create Rooms - Rooms screen.
Ref #184.
The number of duplicate rooms per floor, NDUPRMS, is user defined on the Create Rooms - Rooms screen. The total number of
duplicate rooms for this room number is given by (Number of Duplicate Floors) x (Number of Duplicate Rooms per Floor).
Ref #185.
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------AREA fl,dz
Floor area per duplicate room, ft 2 [m 2 ]
LENGTH fl
Floor length, ft [m]
WIDTH fl
Floor width, ft [m]
Partition Area
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------AREA pt
Total partition area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
HEIGHT pt
Partition height, ft [m]
LENGTH pt
Partition length, ft [m]
NDUPFLS
Number of duplicate floors for this room
NDUPZNS
Number of duplicate rooms per floor for this room
112
Ref #189.
The skylight area can either be a function of the skylight dimensions or the percent skylight value. The percent skylight value is not
multiplied times the duplicate room multiplier since the gross roof area,
AREA rt , already incorporates it.
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------2 [m 2 ]
AREA rt
Gross (glass and nonglass) roof area, ft
AREA sk
Total skylight area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
LENGTH sk
Skylight length, ft [m]
NDUPRMS
Number of duplicate rooms per floor for this room
VAL sk
Equals percent skylight when both LENGTH
sk and
WIDTH sk are zero; equals number of skylights
when either LENGTH sk or WIDTH sk are > zero
WIDTH sk
Skylight width, ft [m]
AREA sk
PCT sk = ------------------- x 100
(AREA sk + AREA rf )
Ref#
-------EQ 191
EQ 189
EQ 190
Ref #191.
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------AREA rf
Nonglass roof area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
AREA sk
Skylight area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
PCT sk
Percent skylight area, %
Roof area
If the roof has been entered as "Equal to Floor Area then the gross roof area equals the floor area; otherwise, the gross roof area equals
the roof dimensions times the duplicate room multiplier.
If (RFFLAG = YES)
Then AREA rt = AREA fl / NDUPFL
Otherwise AREA rt = LENGTH rf * WIDTH rf * NDUPRMS
AREA rf = AREA rt - AREA sk
Note that the nonglass roof area,AREA rf , is printed out -- not the gross roof area,
AREA rt .
Ref#
-------EQ 186
EQ 191
EQ 191
EQ 189
TR ROOF
RF 183
RF 172
TR ROOF
Variable
------------AREA fl
AREA rf
AREA rt
AREA sk
LENGTH rf
NDUPFLS
NDUPRMS
RFFLAG
TR ROOF
WIDTH rf
Description
----------------------------------------------Floor area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
Non-glass roof area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
2 [m 2 ]
Gross (glass and nonglass) roof area, ft
2
2
Skylight area, ft
[m ]
Roof length, ft [m]
Number of duplicate floors for this room
Number of duplicate rooms per floor for this room
Roof flag, if YES then gross roof area equals
the floor area for one story
Roof width, ft [m]
Note that roof dimensions are not multiplied times the Number of Duplicate Floors since it is assumed that only one floor in the building
has a roof.
113
Ref #192.
The wall glass area can either be a function of the wall glass dimensions or the percent glass value. The percent glass value is not
multiplied times the duplicate multiplier since the gross wall area value already incorporates it.
Ref #193.
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------AREA gl
Wall glass area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
2 [m 2 ]
AREA wt
Gross (glass and nonglass) wall area, ft
NDUPFLS
Number of Duplicate floor multiplier
HEIGHT gl
Wall glass height, ft [m]
LENGTH gl
Wall glass length, ft [m]
NDUPRMS
Number of duplicate rooms per floor for this room
VAL gl
Equals percent glass when both LENGTH
gl and
HEIGHT gl are zero; equals number of windows
when either LENGTH gl or HEIGHT gl are > zero
AREA gl
PCT gl = ------------------- x 100
(AREA gl + AREA wl )
Ref#
-------EQ 192
EQ 194
EQ 193
Ref #194.
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------AREA gl
Wall glass area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
AREA wl
Nonglass wall area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
PCT gl
Percent glass area, %
Wall Area
Ref#
-------EQ 194
EQ 194
TR WALL
TR WALL
RF 183
RF 184
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------AREA wl
Nonglass wall area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
2 [m 2 ]
AREA wt
Gross (glass + nonglass) wall area, ft
LENGTH wl
Wall length, ft [m]
HEIGHT wl
Wall height, ft [m]
NDUPFLS
Number of duplicate floors for this room
2 [m 2 ]
NDUPRMS
Number of duplicate rooms per floor, ft
Note that wall dimensions are multiplied times the (Number of Duplicate Floors per Room) x (Number of Duplicate Rooms per Floor).
114
L rm
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------AREA rf,rm
Room nonglass roof area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
AREA sk,rm
Room skylight area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
F rm
First room entered on the Create Rooms screens
L rm
Last room entered on the Create Rooms screens
UVAL rf,o
Overall roof U-value, Btu/hr-ft 2 -F [W/m 2 -C]
UVAL rf,rm
Room nonglass roof U-value, Btu/hr-ft2-F
[W/m 2 -C]
UVAL sk,rm
Room skylight U-value, Btu/hr-ft 2 -F [W/m 2 -C]
L rm
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------AREA gl,rm
Room wall glass area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
AREA wl,rm
Room nonglass wall area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
F rm
First room entered on the
Create Rooms screens
L rm
Last room entered on the
Create Rooms screen s
UVAL gl,rm
Room wall glass U-value, Btu/hr-ft 2 -F [W/m 2 -C]
UVAL wl,o
Overall wall U-value, Btu/hr-ft 2 -F [W/m 2 -C]
UVAL wl,rm
Room nonglass wall U-value, Btu/hr-ft 2 -F
[W/m 2 -C]
The overall building U-value,UVAL o , only includes the walls (opaque and non-opaque) and the roofs (opaque and non-opaque). The
transmission affect of any partitions or exposed floors is ignored.
L rm
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------AREA gl,rm
Room wall glass area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
AREA rf,rm
Room nonglass roof area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
AREA sk,rm
Room skylight area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
AREA wl,rm
Room nonglass wall area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
F rm
First room entered on the
Create Rooms screens
115
TR GENL
EQ 177
L rm
UVAL gl,rm
EQ 197
EQ 176
UVAL o
UVAL rf,rm
EQ 174
EQ 179
UVAL sk,rm
UVAL wl,rm
Ref #198.
L rm
rm =F rm
OTTV wl = --------------------------------------------------L rm
English Units
SI Units
(English Units)
SF = 114.8
= 149.8
(SI Units)
SF = 362.0
= 471.2
Ref#
-------EQ 192
EQ 194
RF 56
TR GENL
TR GENL
EQ 198
TR GLAS
RF 10
RF 198
EQ 198
RF 177
RF 179
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------AREA gl,rm
Room wall glass area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
AREA wl,rm
Room nonglass wall area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
DSRMDB c,rm
Design room dry bulb cooling, F [C]
F rm
First room entered on the
Create Rooms screens
L rm
Last room entered on the
Create Rooms screens
2
OTTV wl
Wall Overall Thermal Transfer Value, Btu/hr-ft
[W/m 2 ]
SC gl,rm
Glass shading coefficient
SDDB
Summer design dry bulb, F [C]
SF
Solar factor. Above equation is a straight line fit
to Figure 9 in ASHRAE Standard 90A-1980,
Btu/hr-ft 2 [W/m 2 ]
TDEQ wl,rm
Equation above is a straight line fit to Figure 8
in ASHRAE Standard 90A-1980, F [C]
UVAL gl,rm
Room wall glass U-value, Btu/hr-ft 2 -F [W/m 2 -C]
UVAL wl,rm
Room nonglass wall U-value, Btu/hr-ft 2 -F
116
[W/m
Ref #199.
2 -C]
L rm
(SI Units)
TDEQ rf,rm = 2800 x UTC
= 466.6 x UTC + 23.34
= 46.66 x UTC + 40.14
SKYL
10
ROOF
199
EQ 199
RF 176
RF 176
RF 174
Variable
Description
------------- ----------------------------------------------AREA rf,rm
Room nonglass roof area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
AREA sk,rm
Room skylight area, ft 2 [m 2 ]
C
Equals 138 [434.7], Btu/hr [W]
DSRMDB c,rm
Design room dry bulb cooling, F [C]
F rm
First room entered on the
Create Rooms screens
L rm
Last room entered on the
Create Rooms screens
MASS rf,rm
Room roof specific mass, lbm/ft 2 [kg/m 2 ]
2
OTTV rf
Roof Overall Thermal Transfer Value, Btu/hr-ft
2
[W/m
]
SC sk,rm
Skylight shading coefficient
SDDB
Summer design dry bulb, F [C]
SPECHT rf,rm
Room roof specific heat, Btu/lbm-F [kJ/kg-C]
TDEQ rf,rm
Equation above is a straight line fit to Figure 10
in ASHRAE Standard 90A-1980, F [C]
UTC
Temporary variable hr -1 , [sec -1 ]
UVAL rf,rm
Room nonglass roof U-value, Btu/hr-ft 2 -F
[W/m 2 -C]
UVAL rf,rm
Room nonglass roof U-value, Btu/hr-ft 2 -F
[W/m 2 -C]
UVAL sk,rm
Room skylight U-value, Btu/hr-ft 2 -F [W/m 2 -C]]
117
118
System Type
2-pipe Induction
4-pipe Induction
Bypass Multizone
Bypass VAV with Reheat
Bypass VAV
Computer Room Unit
Double Duct VAV
Double Duct
Fan Coil
Incremental Heat Pump
Multizone
Packaged Terminal Air Conditioner
Parallel Fan-Powered VAV
Parallel Fan-Powered VAV w/ HTG Coil on
Plenum
Radiation
Rooftop Multizone
Series Fan-Powered VAV
Single Zone
Terminal Air Blender
Terminal Reheat
Triple Deck Multizone
Two-Fan Double Duct VAV
Unit Heaters
Unit Ventilator
Variable Temperature Constant Volume
Variable Volume Reheat
VAV w/ Baseboard Heating
VAV w/ Baseboard Skin Heating
VAV w/ Forced Flow Skin Heating
Water Source Heat Pump
Acronym
IND
INDFP
BPMZ
BPVRH
BPVAV
COMP
DDVAV
DD
FC
INCHP
MZ
PTAC
PFPVAV
PFPVAVRA
RAD
RTMZ
SFPVAV
SZ
TAB
TRH
3DMZ
2FDDVAV
UH
UV
VTCV
VRH
VAV
VAVBSK
VAVFSK
WSHP