EDC

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4.13.
EDCmag.com
ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN + CONSTRUCTION
THE OFFICIAL MAGAZINE FOR THE LEED
PROFESSIONAL
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Reader Service No. 153 www.EDCmag.com/webcard
Todd Evans
LEED AP BD+C
Project Architect
Black & Veatch Corporation
Having the LEED AP BD+C

credential put my resum at
the top of the pile during my
job search, and I was hired
within a month.
Learn how Todds LEED AP Building
Design + Construction credential sets
him apart at www.gbci.org/Todd.
2012 Kawneer Company, Inc.
protect
whats inside.
Security threats are real and architects need products that will shape the lives of occupants and
deliver added defense. We stand ready to protect whats inside. Kawneers comprehensive blast
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protection against external forces. From curtain walls and windows to entrances and framing systems,
Kawneer offers a single source solution that is tested to meet stringent federal requirements.
After all, its whats on the inside that matters most.
ULTRA THERMAL / BLAST RESISTANT
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Entrances + Framing
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WWW.EDCMAG.COM
april.2013
vol.16
no.4
contents
NEW CONSTRUCTION
14
DIGITAL
DIGITAL
14
FROM DO NO HARM TO REGENERATION: THE FUTURE OF HOSPITAL DESIGN
A competition winner shows how healthcare can repair environmental
damage. By Arash Guity and Christy Love
19A A BIG-PICTURE APPROACH
Commitment to stewardship and benefits to patients, staff and community
make sustainability a key feature of a new hospital. By Jake Gehring March, EDAC
19G BUILT FOR A THOUSAND YEARS
One woman designed the Casa Bella Verde home in Northern California,
and visitors from as far as Egypt visit the site for architectural inspiration.
By John Wyatt
R E N OVA T I O N S / R E T R O F I T S
30
LED LIGHTING THE WAY
A Smithsonian exhibit and design specialist shares his thoughts on lighting in
a museum environment. By Richard Skinner
EDC Online
7
8
Editors Note
New + Notable
DIGITAL
IN EVERY ISSUE
33A THE VALUE OF BUILDING DATA

Implementing a measurement and verification plan is an essential component
to meet facility sustainability goals. By Scott Jordan
DIGITAL
O P E R A T I O N S + M A N AG E M E N T
33C COMPLEX SYSTEM MANAGEMENT

Integrated control systems are the key to managing complex energy-efficient
buildings. By Ray Clarke, PE, and Joshua Hansen
10
35
REDUCING HEALTHCARE COSTS THROUGH SUSTAINABILITY
How will the affordable healthcare act affect healthcare facilities? By Michael J.
21
CEU
Advertisers Index
Berning, PE, CEM, LEED AP BD+C
50
AEC/OM SOLUTIONS
38
SHIFTING MINDSETS AND AWAKENING POSSIBILITY
An inquiry into how we can create a new paradigm. By Helen J. Kessler, FAIA,
LEED Fellow
ON THE COVER:
AT THE LEED
42
THE CBECS AND WHY ITS IMPORTANT
After years of financial setbacks, the department of energys national sample survey
of commercial building use commences. By Daniel Overbey, AIA, LEED AP BD+C
SILVER CERTIFIED CHIHULY GLASSHOUSE
STRICT LOCAL ENERGY, WIND AND

STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS. SEE THE
CEU ON PAGE 21 FOR MORE.
Photo courtesy of Ben Benschneider/
Chihuly Studio/Guardian
EDCS USE OF ROLLAND ENVIRO100 PRINT INSTEAD OF

VIRGIN FIBERS PAPER REDUCED ITS ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT BY:
edc
april.2013
DIGITAL
IN SEATTLE, THE GLAZING HAD TO MEET
43A THE COLOR ROADMAP: YOUR PALETTE FOR SUCCESS

These colors aim to dominate the floorcovering market. By Annette Callari, ASID
44
LEED V4: BUILT TO PERFORM
LEED v4 is built to ensure that certified buildings implement the most
important strategies that translate to high levels of performance. By Selina Holmes
Tree(s):
95
Solid Waste:
11,660 LB
Water:
92,237 GAL
Air Emissions:
30,308 LB
edc
WWW.EDCMAG.COM
online
Continuing Education Units

www.TheCECampus.com
Let the Sun Shine In (Page 21)

Advanced glazing and daylighting systems can
help forge the road to zero-energy buildings and
significant savings, but only if daylighting designs
can avoid unwanted solar heat gain and glare.
Not Just Green, Its Green Squared

New tile sustainability standard raises the bar
for multi-attribute product certification and
transparency.
By Barbara Horowitz-Bennett
Videos
Other Uses for Product Samples
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O R PRODUCT
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DUCT
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AM
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We put it to the test and found there are only a few

ways we can repurpose the Siemens 2-way pressure
independent control valve product sample.
EDC TV
USGBCs Doug Gaitlin and Chrissy Macken explain
the timing behind some of the changes in the latest
iteration of LEED.
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Connecting the Dots

Between Light, Energy and Health
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CARRIE HALBROOK East Coast Sales Manager
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EDC has done past issues

that focused on lighting. Weve
done past issues that focused
on daylighting. And, weve done
past issues that focused on
healthcare. Oddly, we havent
done an issue that focused on
all threeuntil now.
Hospitals and similar healthcare facilities represent the
second-most energy-intensive
facility type. They have numerous people going in and out,
they have a multitude of electrical devices plugged in and
theyre in constant operation
it all adds up to a lot of energy
being used.
Lighting directly accounts
for as much as 10 percent of a
hospitals energy consumption,
not to mention the secondary
costs such as increased loads
on HVAC equipment due to the
heat given off. (The U.S. Department of Energy has a great
fact sheet for hospital facilities
managers and operators on the
ways lighting, both natural and
artificial, can be changed to reduce costs.) Adjusting lighting
types and schemes can be one
of the most cost-effective ways
to address the issue of energy
consumption, thanks to what
can be a reasonably quick ROI.
As for the importance of
sunlight? Well, Im constantly
amazed how often we, as a
culture, have discovered a best
practice only to stray from it.
Then, years later, we rediscov-
er it, thanks in part to a more

environmental focus. Atlantabased Stanley Beaman & Sears
has a great blog that shares
evidence of this, as well as
points out a number of links to
various studies. It can be found
here: http://bit.ly/ZE1Cxk.
Right about now some of you
are reading this and thinking,
Hes said this about lighting
and daylighting in previous
editors notes covering healthcare. And, youre probably
right. Its hard to cover healthcare and not talk about daylighting (or even lighting, for
that matter) due to the proven
link between sunlight and
patient wellness, so we have
covered them together in the
past. However, we havent covered either lighting or daylighting in healthcare as extensively
as we do in this issue. Thats
not to say every article will be
about lighting in a healthcare
environment. As much as Im
sure many of EDCs readers
would appreciate and benefit
from such coverage, there are
plenty of other readers who
wouldnt. So, weve covered
each of these three topics, and
others, individually. Well let
you connect the dots.
KARRIE LAUGHLIN West Coast Sales Manager

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EDC is the official magazine

for the LEED professional.
8
edc
april.2013
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SUNLITE SYSTEM
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For designers who seek the bold, Architectural Systems Eco-Dimensions
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The SunLite Strip is a patented self-curbing

daylighting system developed for applications
to the Butler MR-24 standing-seam metal
roof system. The company has teamed with
Sunoptics, an Acuity Brands company, to
deliver the SunLite Strip daylighting system. The
company reports that a building equipped
with the SunLite Strip daylighting system and a
lighting management and controls system can
reduce the lighting-related electricity expense
by up to 70 percent. The SunLite Strips
frame has a self-curbing design that avoids
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april.2013
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Apollo II is a solar roofing system
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to wind uplift, and can easily be
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PLASTIC PIPE JOINING

The TRITON Pipe Fusion system, a plastic pipe welding solution by Watts Water,
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improve pipe joining and testing times, in turn increasing job site productivity.
Using TRITON, -inch plastic pipe can be fused in approximately 40 seconds,
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april.2013
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From Do No Harm
to Regeneration:
The Future of Hospital Design
BY ARASH GUITY AND CHRISTY LOVE
A COMPETITION WINNER SHOWS HOW HEALTHCARE

CAN REPAIR ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE.
14
edc
april.2013
The small hospital catalyzes community

and individual health and wellness.
IMAGE COURTESY OF M+NLB
Increasingly, hospitals and healthcare facilities are choosing to focus on

sustainability initiatives, particularly
those that save energy. Some are also
tackling waste reduction, recycling and
reuse, and a few are examining and reducing their water use and water impacts.
These initiatives are saving resources
and introducing many hospital employees,
patients and communities to the benefits
of sustainability. But by and large, these
projects are aimed at reducing environmental and health impacts. What if a
hospital could do morewhat if it could
actually repair environmental damage?
What if healthcare institutions could
move beyond carbon neutrality to a development model that restores ecosystems,
enhances biodiversity and improves community health?
Beginning in the spring of 2011, Mazetti Nash Lipsey Burch (M+NLB) and
Perkins+Will teamed in Kaiser Permanentes international design competition,
Small Hospital, Big Idea. The competition
sought innovative design concepts for a
small, 100-bed, patient- and family-friendly hospital that used the best in emerging
technology to effectively coordinate and
deliver care to Kaiser Permanente members. Since Kaiser Permanentes healthcare model is built with both people and
the environment in mind, the competition
brief called for a facility that had nearzero impact on the environment, with the
latest technology to improve quality and
reduce costs. The Stage 1 competition
called for a prototype design solution that
could be applied anywhere; once three
finalist teams were chosen, a Kaiser Permanente site in Southern California was
provided as a hypothetical location for
the competitors to design a site-specific
application. At the end of this competition process, Kaiser Permanente chose
two designs to win the competition: our
winning submission and one from Palo
Alto-based design firm, Aditazz.
The goal for the design was to move beyond do no harm and actually give back.
System synergies coordinated with architectural design was an essential part in hitting operational goals.
Our winning submission transformed

todays small hospital from a sick care
institution into a community resource
that catalyzes health. Our solution went
beyond zero impact and toward regenerationrestoring ecological capacity,
improving human health and connection to communitybeyond the do less
harm mission of todays facilities to
realizing the health mission in all aspects

of the hospitals design. In addition to
creating a new front door for health
delivery, the project focused on moving
beyond net zero in its energy, water
and waste systems.
The team engaged Bill Reed and Joel
Glanzberg of Regenesis Inc. to facilitate
a multi-disciplinary eco-charrette in the
www.edcmag.com
15
A hybrid energy solution ultimately maximized the designs sustainability and cost-effectiveness.
Southern California location provided for

the competition. Through the charrette
process, the team uncovered a series of
design measures and system concepts
rooted in whole systems thinking, fundamental for moving beyond do less harm.
RESOURCE FLOWS AND

SYSTEMS THINKING
By pushing the boundaries of what is possible and connecting resources flows in
new ways, the team was able to create a
hospital building that is as financially successful as it is environmentally healing. A
fundamental rethinking of resource flows
was central to the engineering component
of our solution. We outlined three primary
resource flows entering and leaving the
hospital, and used systems-based thinking to shift our hospital design from a
resource-negative design (using more
resources than you are returning to the environment) to a resource-positive design.
The three major resource flows entering and leaving a hospital are energy,
materials and water. Each provides a
hospital with essential resources for
operations, but each also creates a waste
16
edc
april.2013
output that is usually returned to the

environment in a degraded or polluted
state. Energy brought into a facility has
emissions and other impacts associated
with its generation and transmission, and
then exits in the form of more greenhouse
gas emissions. Materials brought in have
associated impacts from their manufacture, extraction and transport, and after
use, generate waste and greenhouse gas
emissions through their transport and
disposal. Water entering a site has been
collected, stored, treated and transported,
with each having environmental impacts.
When it exits a facility, it is transported
and treated at a municipal treatment
plant. This wastewater often contains
contaminants such as pharmaceuticals
that are not easily removed by municipal
treatment plants.
Traditional green building approaches
usually focus on reduction of the resource
on the way into the facility (e.g., by making your facility more energy efficient,
you require less fossil-fuel based energy
and produce fewer emissions). But that is
only part of the equation. Our four-stage
process for achieving regenerative design
incorporated a systems thinking approach. First, we reduced resource flows

coming into the facility through conservation strategies. Second, we recovered
and reused as much of each resource
stream as was possible (e.g., capturing
and reusing waste heat for domestic hot
water heating; using methane generated
by wastewater treatment to produce
electricity). Third, we identified and used
synergies where possible, turning outputs
from one system into inputs to another;
and four, we identified and evaluated
renewable sources to supply the remaining input demand.
Our four-stage approach is illustrated
through a description of our energy strategy. As the second-most energy-intensive
building type, a hospital produces an average of 8,000 metric tons of greenhouse
gas emissions each year. An average U.S.
hospital also requires about 250-300 kBtu
of energy per square foot per year (also
known as Energy Use Intensity, or EUI).
With a strategic set of integrated design
solutions for energy, we were able reduce
the EUI of our design by 74 percent, in
line with best practice hospital buildings
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dramatically better than average design.
The initial catalyst to this drastic reduction was the design of the building envelope and form. Perkins+Will incorporated
passive architectural design strategies that
dropped the hypothetical hospitals energy
demand by approximately 10 percent.
These building strategies included solar
shading and high-performance envelope
systems, architectural elements that permit as much natural daylight as possible,
while eliminating all unwanted solar gain.
While this represents a small reduction
percentage when considered in isolation,
the passive design strategies enabled
a whole suite of system solutions that
would not have been viable with a standard envelope design. To put it simply,
a building that requires little energy and
that can use lower energy systems must
first be designed to either lose or absorb
little energy through the envelope.
Once the envelope was optimized, we
selected low-energy mechanical systems to
meet the buildings ventilation, heating and
cooling needs. Because this hospital was
cooling dominant (as are most hospitals),
we captured the heat that is removed from
the air and used it to heat domestic water
where it is needed; for example, at showers
and in the kitchen. Other system strategies
included central plant heat pumps, a geothermal well field, a natural ventilation system with outside air tempered by a passive
underground thermal labyrinth, displacement ventilation and all LED lighting. Taken
together, these passive and active system
strategies reduce energy demand, including
plug load, to approximately 68 kBtu/sf/yr.
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

As a final step, we then turned to the selection of renewable energy sources. While the
demand reduction strategies are largely site
independent, the best solution for renewable energy is highly dependent on the projects location. The location determines what
natural resources are available, as well as
any potential community partnerships that
could support the renewable energy strategy. In keeping with the mandate to develop
a prototype, we developed a decisionmaking process for renewable energy applications. We then used the selected Southern
California site to test the process.
At the selected site, both solar and
wind are abundant. In addition, the team
discovered that the nearby landfill was
flaring methane. The methane could be
18
edc
april.2013
a source of bio-gas to feed onsite fuel

cells. When testing each available option
against a set of criteria that included costs
as well as considerations such as when
the energy is available and how the hospitals emergency power needs would be
met, the team determined that the most
suitable option for this site was to use the
landfill gas to supply solid oxide fuel cells
as the primary solution, with supplemental solar and wind when available.
This hybrid energy solution maximized
the benefits and optimized the cost of
renewable sources, ultimately providing
power for our hospital at costs below or
near Kaiser Permanentes average costs
per kilowatt nationwide. In addition, our
hybrid solution provided all the power
needed for our hospital without adding
emissions to the atmosphere. It also had
the inherent ability to generate additional
power to feed back into the grid. As a
final benefit, the solution made the hospital resilient in the face of volatile energy
prices and self-sufficient during natural
disasterssomething critically needed at
healthcare facilities across the country.
These system choices demonstrate that
increasing environmental performance
inherently improves resilience.
methane byproduct that could be used by

the fuel cells to generate electricity.
Similarly, the materials and waste management strategy sought to reduce waste generation. It called for a design that supported
accurate segregation, diversion and disposal
of materials, and evaluated the potential for
onsite waste treatment and power generation.
THE BOTTOM LINE

Perhaps most important in these difficult economic times, these systems can be designed
and operated without breaking the bank. The
ROI on the combined sustainable systems in
our regenerative model have a payback of 3.2
years, an internal rate of return of 42 percent
and savings to the bottom line of $1.8 million
in the first year of operation.
This design for the Small Hospital, Big
Idea competition ultimately aligns the
mission of hospitals around the country
to their ultimate goal: improved community health. It imagines a new role for
healthcare that moves beyond saving lives
in crisis to improving health, all while
restoring eco-systems and regenerating
natural and social capital. edc
ARASH GUITY IS THE CHIEF ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE
ENGINEER FOR MAZZETTI NASH LIPSEY BURCH (M+NLB), AND
FOCUSES ON DELIVERING SOLUTIONS FOR IMPROVING THE
WATER BALANCED
The same prototypical methodology was
developed and applied for the water strategy. Our hospital design reduced water
consumption by 60 percent versus the
Kaiser Permanente baseline, and provided
annual water utility savings of $100,000
with no added capital cost. Reduction
strategies included the elimination of uses
such as cooling towers and permanent
irrigation; selection of water- and energyefficient fixtures and equipment, and the
adoption of water-efficient practices by
the hospital occupants.
A water source strategy that treated
and reused all wastewater onsite utilized
an onsite well, and meant that the facility
actually put more water back into the
ground than it removed. In addition, the
implementation of onsite wastewater
treatment supported an onsite stormwater
management strategy geared toward restoring previously disturbed site hydrology and re-establishing native and adapted
plantings. Without a water source, such
restoration would not be achievable.
Our onsite wastewater treatment solution was synergistic with our energy strategy, as the anaerobic digestion produces a
ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF HEALTHCARE FACILITIES.
CHRISTY LOVE IS A SENIOR DESIGNER AND ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE ANALYST AT MAZZETTI NASH LIPSEY BURCH (M+NLB).
See more with your

mobile device or in
EDCs Digital Edition.
2013 CertainTeed Corporation
CertainTeed Ceilings
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www.CertainTeed.com/Ceilings
tDFSUBJOUFFEDPNtIUUQCMPHDFSUBJOUFFEDPN
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BIG-Picture
APPROACH
Commitment to stewardship
and benefits to patients,
staff and community make
sustainability a key feature
of a new hospital.
BY JAKE GEHRING MARCH, EDAC
Large. Always open.

Energy- and water-intensive
with lives dependent upon the
availability of both. Stringent operating requirements
make hospitals particularly
challenging when it comes to
19A
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april.2013
sustainable design. Nationally, only a small percentage

of LEED-certified projects are
healthcare related, and most
of those are not as energydemanding as hospitals.
These challenges did not
deter the team at Monroe

Clinic in Monroe, Wis., when it
began planning a new replacement hospital. The team was
committed to achieving LEED
Silver certification, which is
still pending.
The original hospital,

opened by the Congregation
of Sisters of St. Agnes in 1939
and expanded in the 1950s and
1970s, no longer met the needs
of the growing community.
Construction of the new hospi-
tal was an opportunity to build

a modern healthcare campus
that fulfilled Monroe Clinics
mission of creating healthy
communities and its commitment to being a good steward
of natural and fiscal resources.
The new 225,000-squarefoot, four-story, $83 million

hospital opened its doors in
March 2012, and features 50
acute- and critical-care beds,
an expanded emergency department, imaging, a surgery
and procedure center, birthing

and womens health services,
a cardiology department and
cardiac rehabilitation services.
The design team, led by
architecture and experience
design firm Kahler Slater and
The front entrance of Monroe

Clinic.
IMAGE COURTESY OF DANA
WHEELOCK, 2012
www.edcmag.com
19B
The cafeteria has access to

outdoor rooftop dining.
WHEELOCK, 2012
consisting of more than 200

employees from throughout
the hospital, was challenged
to incorporate sustainable
features and operational efficiencies into the new building
while using the project as
an opportunity to facilitate
cultural change throughout
the organization. That shared
vision shaped the building
into a healing sanctuary that
provides ample access to
natural light and garden views
while representing the facilitys local cultural context.
As a Catholic-sponsored organization, Monroe Clinic sees
stewardship of resources as a
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april.2013
responsibility and an important

part of its identity. The team
believed that building green
was simply the right thing to
do, and it wanted the accountability and proof that LEED
certification would bring.
Beyond operational cost
savings and environmental
benefits, Monroe Clinic also
recognized the beneficial impacts that a facility designed
and constructed for sustainability could have on patient
outcomes, and patient and
staff satisfaction. The team
sought to develop a facility that would be a source
of community pride and be
attractive to physicians and

staff who want to be associated with an environmentally
progressive organization.
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
The inherent energy- and
water-intensiveness of any hospital means that sustainability
initiatives must begin with the
facilitys mechanical systems.
Monroe Clinic was no different.
Hurst boilers and chillers
that are more than 30 percent
more efficient than code
requirements were installed,
helping to reduce the hospitals annual energy costs by
more than $200,000.
Multistack LLC Model

MS70X modular heat recovery ventilators allow heated
supply air to be returned to
warm, incoming fresh air,
further cutting heating and
cooling costs from 30 percent
to 35 percent.
Excess heat from the data
center is captured and funneled
to the helipads coiling ice-melt
system during Wisconsins
cold, snowy winters, helping
ensure safety and eliminating
the need to spread chemical
deicing agents on the landing
area and walking paths.
The water softening system
is equipped with brine reclamation technology that returns some of the salt water to
the brine tank for reuse. The
system uses 25 percent less
water and salt than conventional systems and reduces the
amount of brine sent to the
local water treatment facility.
All plumbing components,
from Zurn faucets and toilets
to showerheads, are low-flow
to reduce water consumption.
Toilets are equipped with
dual-flush systems, allowing
users to control their water
consumption.
Elkay EZH20 bottle fillers
are located at drinking fountains to encourage sufficient
hydration for staff and other
users while reducing waste
from plastic water bottles.
LIGHTING AND
WINDOWS
The entire building is
equipped with energy-efficient
lighting, reducing the hospitals energy use by 30 percent
The lobby is an example of the emphasis placed on allowing as much natural light into the building as possible.
IMAGE COURTESY OF DANA WHEELOCK, 2012
and lowering annual energy costs by more

than $35,000. Occupancy sensors were
installed where appropriate to ensure that
those spaces are lit only when in use.
Paint colors used throughout the
building have high light-reflective values,
reducing lighting requirements.
Patient rooms have softer, more
indirect lighting that feels homier than
a typical hospital room, creating a more
restful environment.
Great emphasis was placed on allowing
as much natural light into the building
as possible, through such means as the
Kawneer curtain wall, reducing the need
for artificial light and creating a more
pleasant atmosphere for patients, staff
and visitors. Studies show that natural

light improves peoples moods and may
help patients go home earlier.
High-performance low-E Oldcastle
BuildingEnvelope windows, along with
exterior sun shades, focus patient attention outward while reducing summer heat
absorption and winter heat loss. Many of
the 1,000 pieces of glass are etched with
nature-inspired designs, further helping
connect patients, staff and visitors to the
beauty of the great outdoors.
INTERIOR FINISHES
Muralo BreatheSafe low-VOC, ceramicbased paints were used throughout the
building. These paints perform like an
Monroe Clinic
L O C ATI O N: 515 22nd Ave., Monroe, Wis.
S I Z E : 225,000 square feet
O P E NE D : March 24, 2012
AR C HI TE C T: Kahler Slater
I NTE R I O R D E S I G N E R: Kahler Slater
L AND S C AP E D E S I G N E R: GRAEF
G E NE R AL C O NTRA C TO R: CG Schmidt
M E C HANI C AL , E LE C TRI C A L A N D
P L U M B I NG E NG I N E E RS :
Ring & DuChateau
STRUCTURAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERS: GRAEF
www.edcmag.com
19D
Products Incorporated
V E G E TATI V E R O O F S :
LiveRoof Pre-vegetated Hybrid Green
Roof System
B O I L E R S / C HI L L ERS :
Hurst hotwater and steam boilers
Multistack LLC Model S70X heat
recovery chiller
W I ND O W S :
Kawneer 1600 Series curtain wall
Oldcastle BuildingEnvelope low-E glazing
B R I NE R E C L AM ATI O N S Y S T E M :
BrineMaker 9-ton underground unit
Widen P400 pump
Reading Technologies RT500-G
air filter/regulator
EchoSwitch II ultrasonic level control
ASCO 8210G094 solenoid valve
Endot Industries ENDOPOLY 1-inch tubing
P L U M B I NG FI XTU RE S :
Zurn Z5660 with AquaVantage Z6000AV-DF
dual-flush valve toilets
Zurn EcoVantage Z5798 ultra-low
consumption urinals
Zurn Z5340 lavatories
Zurn Z6919 ADM AquaSense faucets
Haws H1011.8 electric water coolers
Elkay EZH20 water refilling stations
PAI NT:
Muralo BreatheSafe (Interior,
water-based, zero VOC)
Patient rooms have softer,

more indirect, lighting that
feels homier than a typical
hospital room.
WHEELOCK, 2012
epoxy-based paint, but are half the cost

and promote healthy indoor air quality.
Carpeting in the hospital was manufactured with significant pre- and post-consumer recycled content and was installed
using a low-VOC bonding agent.
CONSTRUCTION WASTE
During construction, contractors strove
to divert as much construction waste
from landfills as possible. They far exceeded the goal of 75 percent recycling,
tracking a recycling rate of more than
19E
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april.2013
90 percent. In all, 5,276 tons of drywall,

asphalt, wood, metal and other wastes
were recycled.
Sustainable thinking requires innovative strategies and successful implementation to bring maximum benefit to end
users, the surrounding community and
the environment. More than half of all
construction and demolition waste can be
recycled into usable commodities that can
replace virgin materials and become new
revenue streams or reduce project costs.
For example, 143 tons of scrap drywall
generated during construction of the hospital was repurposed as soil amendment

and animal bedding at a nearby farm, improving cow comfort while saving Monroe
Clinic the cost of disposing of the drywall.
SUSTAINABILITY OUTSIDE THE

HOSPITAL
Sustainable strategies were not just
employed inside the hospital. The hospital
was built within the existing campus on
the site of a former parking lot, thus maintaining the campus footprint and preserv-
ing adjacent neighborhoods.

Taking advantage of the
building sites natural slope,
the central utility plant was
designed as a two-story space,
cutting the plants footprint
in half.
The 500-space staff parking
lot was designed with narrower parking spaces that,
while still wide enough for
easy access, saved more than
5,000 square feet of asphalt.
Campus water runoff is
directed to a dry retention
pond, reducing municipal
stormwater management
capacity requirements.
Landscaping throughout
the campusincluding nearly
1,000 daylilies, dogwoods
and other native plantswas
planned to minimize, and in
most cases eliminate, the
need for mowing, fertilizing
and watering.
Bike racks and dedicated
parking spaces for lowemission/hybrid vehicles
are located throughout the
campus.
The most visible testament
to Monroe Clinics sustainability pledge is its three inten-
sive LiveRoof Pre-vegetated

Hybrid Green Roof Systems.
Totaling 11,000 square feet,
the roofs are designed with
hardy plants such as sedum,
euphorbia and allium that
will provide attractive foliage
throughout the seasons. Two
are near patient rooms and
the third is accessible to staff,
patients and visitors. In addition to providing a beautiful
connection to nature, the
vegetative roofs will reduce
stormwater runoff, minimize
the heat island effect, double
the roofs lifespans and lower
indoor air temperatures from
6 degrees to 8 degrees, decreasing cooling demands.
Continued acceptance of
sustainable strategies and
technological innovations will
help healthcare providers fulfill their mission of delivering
quality, cost-effective care. As
Monroe Clinics new hospital
shows, achieving maximum
benefit from these strategies
and technologies starts with
a shared passion and strong
teamwork among owner, designer and contractors. edc
TOP Paint colors used throughout the hospital and in the family birth and womens
center have high light-reflective values, reducing lighting requirements.
ABOVE
An aerial view shows the hospitals three vegetative roofs and helipad.
IMAGES COURTESY OF DANA WHEELOCK, 2012
JAKE GEHRING MARCH IS A FACILITY PLANNER AND DESIGNER WITH KAHLER SLATER, AN ARCHITECTURE AND EXPERIENCE DESIGN FIRM WITH THREE OFFICES IN THE UNITED STATES AND
SINGAPORE. (WWW.KAHLERSLATER.COM). HE HOLDS EVIDENCE-BASED DESIGN ACCREDITATION
AND CERTIFICATION (EDAC) CREDENTIALS FROM THE CENTER FOR HEALTH DESIGN AND RECEIVED
A MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE DEGREE FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF DETROIT MERCY IN 2008. HE CAN
BE CONTACTED AT 414-272-2000 OR JGEHRING@KAHLERSLATER.COM.
www.edcmag.com
19F
Built for a
Thousand Years
One woman designed the Casa Bella Verde home in Northern California, and visitors
from as far as Egypt visit the site for architectural inspiration.
BY JOHN WYATT
The American dream is alive

and well. At least that should be the
point of view of Briana Alhadeff, project
manager, designer, builder and owner
of Casa Bella Verde. This more than
9,000-square-foot home, constructed in El
Dorado Hills, Calif., is of modern, innova19G
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april.2013
tive construction in the hills of Steinbeck

land. A whopping 27,663 square feet of
IntegraSpec ICF wall systems and 18,000
square feet of Insul-Deck Roof and Floor
Systems were used on this project.
Alhadeffs passion is sustainability and
green design, so it was no surprise when
it came to designing her dream home that

these principles would be put to practice.
Her day job is assisting builders and construction professionals in sustainability
and green design.
Because builders do not have the time
to do the years of research that I have
PHOTOS BY UNIQUE AERIOGRAPHY
accrued in the area of sustainable design, they will come to

me to assist them in this area
so that they may provide their
clients with green options,
Alhadeff says.
Since I have started my
business, I have seen tremendous growth in the area
of green building, she says.
When the cost of energy was
low, people did not seem to
have an interest in green and
sustainable design, but as
soon as energy costs began to
skyrocket, that is when people
took notice and started looking for more energy-efficient
options like solar power and

ICF walls and floors for the
construction of their homes.
A ROOM WITH A VIEW

Perched on the highest peak
in the area, the 40-acre parcel
serving as the site for Casa
Bella Verde offers a 360-degree view. Surrounded by
water and picturesque views,
landmarks such as the Sierra
Nevada mountain range,
Lake Tahoe, Folsom Lake
and the foothills of the Napa
Valley can all be seen. The
main house is approximately
7,500 square feet, including
www.edcmag.com
19H
a 1,500-square-foot guest
house connected by a sky
bridge. An infinity edge pool
also wraps around half of the
home, so no matter where
you are standing, water is
always visible.
What has really captured
the attention of the building
community is the fact that the
home is sustainable despite
its size. Alhadeff opted to go
with ICFs in order to help the
project achieve the goal of
LEED Platinum. The forms
used have insulating properties which perform at an
R-value of 50.
Other green features are a
geothermal system tied into a
radiant floor heating system
and 95 solar panels on the
roof, which will supply the
home with most of the energy
it will require. Also attached
to the roof is a vertical axis
wind turbine. The house will
include an onsite water treatment facility, which is set up
like a small municipal system.
19I
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april.2013
Every drop of water that

enters the house will be used
twice, once for bathing, washing dishes, etc., then treated
and used again for irrigating
the plants throughout the
property. The house also has
an 80,000-gallon cistern for
rainwater harvesting, which
will be used for irrigating the
rooftop garden and replacing
the evaporative loss from the
swimming pool, says Alhadeff. In addition to creating
a self-sustaining house, we are
also incorporating complete
home automation and control
into the design, which will include touchscreen technology
to control lighting, security,
A/V and all of the homes heating and cooling, just to name
a few. Incorporating home
automation and controls into
the design of the home was
a must for this house. When
your home is controlled, it not
only gives you a better quality
of life, it makes your house
more energy efficient.
For example, she continues, All of our window

openings are wired for the
shades to raise and lower
automatically. To achieve
this, we installed light sensors on the east and west
facing exterior walls of
the house. We will be able
to program our system to
raise and lower the shades
automatically when a certain
amount of light is received
by these sensors. The house,
in turn, will be cooler in the
summer, reducing the energy
consumption of the house
and therefore lowering my
energy bill.
Alhadeffs ultimate goal is
to achieve net zero, which
would eliminate an energy
bill altogether. This, combined with the other systems
in the house, will make
Casa Bella Verde completely
self-sustaining, she says. A
smart house that is completely self-sustaining, energy
efficient and beautiful.
ICF INSPIRED
Although not a licensed
architect, Alhadeff did design
the home. With assistance
from IntegraSpecs Nicholas
Nikiforuk, Alhadeffs drafting was fleshed out into CAD
to obtain the permits for
building. (Nikiforuk has an
architecture, engineering and
ICF building background, in
addition to Alhadeffs interior
design and project management background.)
The duo used the Casa Bella
Verde project as a training site
for licensed contractors to
work and receive training in
the area of ICF construction.
Although this added time to the
construction schedule, Alhadeff
says she enjoyed introducing
builders to new technology.
Because I built with ICFs,
it made all of the beautiful
cantilevers possible without
the need for expensive steel
I-beams and cranes, she says,
adding that ICFs were used
for several reasons.
On the top of the list, she says that

ICFs are known for their energy-efficient properties. You have 2 inches of
EPS on the outside and inside of your
steel-reinforced, solid concrete wall. You
just cant get a stronger, more energy-efficient structure than that. The material
has strong fire-resistive properties, will
never burn and is resilient to tornadoes
hurricanes, earthquakes, floods and
termites.
It is a house that will last for more
than 1,000 years, Alhadeff says. I call
Casa Bella Verde the millennium house
that is why I buried a time capsule. When
this house is eventually demolished (because it certainly will not go down from
natural causes), I want people to know a
little bit about what life was like at this
time and why I built this house.
During the design phase, Alhadeff
researched all ICF options and found that
IntegraSpec best suited her ambitions.
She saw the systems at an International
Builders Show and was impressed with
staffs knowledge and ideas central to
design capabilities with the material.
I knew the product was great, but
it was not until our first wall pour that
I knew that I made the right decision,
she says. We poured our 230-foot-long,

18-foot-high cistern wall in one lift. We
had absolutely no trouble at all and not
one blow out. Theres no way we could
have done this with any other system.
Because no project of this size is easy,
a few challenges needed to be overcome.
For the construction of the pool, we needed to create a waterproof shell. To achieve
this, we made the walls and floor of the
pool monolithic by pouring them at the
same time, she says. The strength and
design of the IntegraSpec system allowed
us to accomplish this. This would have
created issues had we built conventionally.
In addition, the ICF technology allowed us
to easily form the Caribbean shelf, the spa,
the pedestal steps and the steps leading
into the pool. This would have been a challenge with conventional forming.
The building team eliminated several
columns and post supports by using the
ICF flooring system. In addition, the team
achieved 40- to 70-foot cantilevers easily
with the flooring system that would have
been extremely difficult to accomplish
with conventional hinge systems. These
cantilevers were achieved using a special
waffle grid technique that creates beams
that run in both directions like a waffle.
The concrete is then poured to create a

monolithic floor.
SHOW AND TELL

According to Alhadeff, her business is
booming as a sustainable building consultant. With her knowledge and experience
in green buildingand the media focus
on Casa Bella Verdethe company is
getting calls and visitors from around the
world. Architects, engineers and builders
have come to tour the project and learn
more about the technologies used.
They see how an ICF home is constructed and feel the insulating properties
immediately upon entering the home,
says Alhadeff. We show them all the green
features of the house and explain how all
the systems are integrated to create the
ultimate green and sustainable home.
ICF homes are worth the initial investment to have a house that can last forever,
Alhadeff concludes. With an ICF home,
they will always have peace of mind knowing that they will never lose their home to
a natural disaster. edc
JOHN WYATT IS THE EDITOR OF WALLS & CEILINGS AND WALLS
& CEILINGS ARCHITECT MAGAZINES. HE CAN BE REACHED AT
WYATTJ@BNPMEDIA.COM.
www.edcmag.com
19J
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ADVANCED GLAZINGS AND DAYLIGHTING SYSTEMS CAN HELP FORGE THE

ROAD TO ZERO-ENERGY BUILDINGS AND SIGNIFICANT SAVINGS, BUT ONLY IF
DAYLIGHTING DESIGNS CAN AVOID UNWANTED SOLAR HEAT GAIN AND GLARE.
By Barbara Horwitz-Bennett
As comfortable and appealing

as the most creatively crafted indoor
environments are, no modern building is
complete without natural outdoor light.
Documented to increase occupant comfort, productivity, healing, test scores and
retail sales, the popularity of daylighting
designs has been augmented even further
by sustainable design trends and environmental consciousness.
In fact, Jon McHugh, P.E., LC, technical director of the energy consulting and
research firm, Heschong Mahone Group,
Gold River, Calif., has been quoted as saying
that the U.S. could reduce its peak electrical demand by 24,000 megawatts (MW) by
increasing daylighting in existing buildings.
Putting this into perspective, these savings
would be the equivalent of power generated
by 24 1,000-MW nuclear power plants or 48
500-MW coal-fired power plants.
EDC is a registered provider with The American

Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems.
To earn 1.0 AIA HSW LU, attendees must read
this article in its entirety and take the 10-question
quiz at the end of the article or online at www.
theCECampus.com/Apr13EDCQuiz and pass with a
score of 80 percent or better.
This course has been approved by GBCI for 1 CE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After reading this article, you should be able to:
Differentiate between todays assorted glazing technologies and advanced daylighting systems, and
how they work.
Recognize good design principles and viable technologies for toplighting.
Apply different design strategies to maximize daylighting while controlling solar heat gain and glare.
Appreciate how daylight modeling programs have developed, but recognize where their
capabilities are still lacking.

At the same time, the execution of a successful daylighting design is a true science
since optimizing natural light while controlling
solar heat gain and glare is no simple undertaking. Key to this endeavor is the thought out
utilization of advanced glazing technologies.
A LOOK BACK
To fully appreciate the daylighting capabilities which the building industry is
currently benefiting from, a look back at
glazings humble beginnings reveals how
the technology has evolved.
With a number of energysaving strategies including

high-performance glazing,
this new Bolingbrook, Ill.
office and manufacturing
facility for G&W Electric,
supplier of power automation
systems, is projected to save
2,944,317 kWh per year for an
estimated annual cost savings
of $237,000.
IMAGE COURTESY OF EPSTEIN/
BALLOGG PHOTOGRAPHY
hour. LEED Professionals may submit their hours to

Green Building Certification Institute (GBCI) under the
Education delivery method at www.gbci.org. For
those who pass the quiz with a minimum score of 80
percent, a certificate of completion will be available
for immediate download.
www.edcmag.com
21
Decorative Solatube fixtures accent the

lobby with natural light at the companys
headquarters in Vista, Calif..
IMAGE COURTESY OF SOLATUBE
Rewind about 40 years, which is when

early low-emissivity (low-E) coatings
were first introduced. Thanks to microscopically thin metal layers sprayed onto
the glass surface, windows became capable of reflecting the unwanted infrared
component of sunlight while allowing
the desirable visible component to pass
through. This worked to boost thermal
insulating properties, thereby reducing
the U-factor and heat gain and loss.
The next advance came in the form of
sputter coatings as manufacturers figured
out a way to vacuum-deposit this layer
during float glass production.
Sputter coating works at the molecular level to produce outstanding performance, and it offers significant advantages over pyrolytic coating, explains
Chris Dolan, director of commercial glass
marketing, Guardian Industries, Auburn
Hills, Mich.
Although the next sputter-related
development came about several years
later, post-temperable sputter coatings
then enabled fabricators to apply the
22
edc
april.2013
glazing, which effectively shortened lead

times on projects, lowered replacement
costs and drove a greater adoption of
high-performance glass in the marketplace. Eventually, manufacturers also
developed a large-area magnetron sputtering process, which has enabled the application of more complex coatings with
greater uniformity and quality control
to a larger area, according to Dr. Helen
Sanders, vice president of technical business development, Sage Electrochromics,
Faribault, Minn.
Furthermore, by layering the metallic
and dielectric layers in different sequences and applying assorted gasses such
as argon, nitrogen and oxygen, glazing
manufacturers were then able to produce
a wide variety of coatings to meet different design and performance needs.
Next up was the development of doubleand triple-silver coatings, which utilizes
either two or three microscopically thin
silver layers during the coating process,
combined with additional metal layers.
While maintaining the same visible
light transmittance (VLT) as a single
coating, double silver has a lower solar
heat gain coefficient (SHGC) than single
silver low-E glass, explains Dolan. In
other words, it filters the sunshine as a
cool lighting source to a larger extent
and provides a solution to energy efficiency in design of high-transparency
structures.
Another benefit leveraged by doublepaned glass is the creation of an airfilled gap between the panes, which, as
mentioned, can be filled with monatomic gases and vacuumed, thereby
boosting the R-value. However, the gap
size needs to be fine-tuned to ensure
optimal performance.
If the gap is too thin, heat can easily
conduct across it. And if the gap is too
thick, convection currents arise that
actually promote heat transfer, explains
Scott Schuetter, P.E., LEED AP BD+C,
senior energy engineer, Energy Center
of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. An optimal
thickness of about half an inch minimizes
the heat transferred across the gap.
Although triple-glazed units do come
at a price tag, they currently offer the
highest available light-to-solar-gain (LSG)
ratio, amongst conventional glazing technologies, in that they block the most solar
energy while letting in the most light.
ADVANCED GLAZINGS
In addition to sputter low-E coatings,
double- and triple-paned glass, a number
of other innovationsnamely spectrally
selective coatings, fourth surface coatings, dynamic glass, angularly selective
optics and translucent panelsoffer
high levels of performance and flexibility
for designers.
Defined by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) as glass with an LSG of 1.25
or better, spectrally selective coatings
selectively reflect long-wave infrared and
solar near-infrared rays while transmitting
a higher ratio of daylight.
Spectrally selective low-E coatings
are available with one, two or three layers of silver, says Dolan. Each layer
improves the coatings selectivity and
can be applied to clear or low-iron glass
as well as various types of tinted glass,
producing customized glazing systems
capable of either increasing or decreasing
solar gains, according to the aesthetic and
climatic effects desired.
While low-E glazings were traditionally limited to the hermetically sealed
surfaces on the glass, manufacturers have
come up with ways to coat a third, and
even fourth, surface on double-glazed
units. For example, Guardians SunGuard
IS (interior surface) 20, can be applied to
the #4 surface of a double pane or on the
#6 surface of a triple-glazed unit. This,
combined with a low-E coating on the
second surface, delivers lower U-factors
and better energy savings.
As for skylights, perhaps the most significant advance has been the application
of prismatic patterns to refract light for
diffusion without heavy colorants to enable optimized VLT. This maximizes the
amount of hours per day that a device can
provide properly diffused daylight as a
main illumination source, explains Grant
Grable, LEED AP, vice president, managing director, global business development,
Acuity Brands, Sacramento.
Similarly, todays tubular daylighting devices (TDD) selectively harvest
daylight and deliver a more consistent
light output thanks to finely tuned optical
domes, tubes and diffusers.
In addition to advanced refractive
optics, we have also pioneered spectrally
selective optical tubing systems, thereby
filtering those unwanted wavelengths
out. As a result, the TDDs are capable of
Electrochromic (EC) glass transitions between clear and tinted states based upon the application and reversal of a low-voltage electrical current. In a clear state, it
permits natural daylighting and passive solar heating. Fully tinted, the EC glass offers a low solar heat gain of 0.09.
IMAGE COURTESY OF GUARDIAN INDUSTRIES
producing LSG ratios that are double that

of traditional advanced glazing systems
during problematic times of the day and/
or year, relates Neall Digert, Ph.D., MIES,
vice president of product enterprise, Solatube International, Vista, Calif.
Although not all designers specify
translucent panel systems, they are quite
popular in schools and public facilities.
Traditionally known for controlling solar
heat gain, newer advances in resins and
fiberglass has helped to boost VLT levels.
Weve also seen increased interest
in systems that utilize multiple glazing
materials such as translucent panel and
glass combination skylights and operable glass window and translucent wall
panel combinations, says Mark Mitchell, marketing manager, Major Industries, Wausau, Wis.
While static glazing seems to have
reached a ceiling with the highest performing products achieving an LSG of 2.3,
electrochromic (EC) glass has shattered
that barrier, and todays dynamic glazings
are capable of LSGs greater than 6, with a
solar heat gain as low as 0.09.
The technology uses a thin assembly
of several layers of transparent electronic conductors sandwiched between
two pieces of glass, explains Dolan.
Low voltage applied to the conductors
moves the ions to the electrochromic
layers which sparks the tint change.
Reversing the voltage restores transparency to the window.

EC glass also provides a nice solution
to glare issues. For example, in a typical
office setting, employees will lower the
blinds to block out the glare during peak
sunshine hours. However, more often
than not, occupants neglect to open the
shades again, thereby compromising the
potential for natural light and views.
On the contrary, EC glass dynamically
tints during bright conditions and then
returns to its clear state once the intense
sunlight has subsided.
EC glass controls can also be integrated into dimmable lighting systems to
provide a combined faade light management system that works seamlessly
with the glazing to optimize both energy
efficiency and occupant comfort, adds
Helen Sanders.
While the technology is certainly exciting, a relatively high price point is currently impeding a greater market penetration. Furthermore, the units are currently
somewhat restricted in size, which is also
limiting its application.
DAYLIGHT WINDOW,
VIEW WINDOW
Beyond the latest technologies, optimized
window placement and sizing is also
an important component of daylighting
design. However, even before reaching
that point in the design, careful building

orientation is absolutely essential.
The key here is setting up the structure
so that the longer axis runs east to west,
thereby minimizing the east and west-facing faades, which are the most subject to
intense sunlight and associated solar heat
gain and glare. Ideally, the building should
optimize its daylighting through the north
and south elevations.
While designers will often specify the
same glazing for the entire building, this
isnt necessarily the best strategy as the
different faades usually have very different
energy performance and daylighting requirements. Consequently, it may very well be
worth the extra effort to optimize the glazing for each elevation to boost performance.
In terms of the window design itself,
designers recommend tall window head
heights as this is the key to deep daylight penetration.
As a basic rule of thumb, windows provide adequate daylight for a distance of
1.5 to 2 times the height of the top of the
windows, states Dane R. Sanders, P.E.,
LEED AP BD+C, principal, Clanton &
Associates, Boulder, Colo. So, windows
with a 10-foot header height will provide
good daylight for the area within 15 feet
to 20 feet from the windows.
Another common strategy is specifying
two separate windowsa daylight window
and view/vision windowinside one unit.
www.edcmag.com
23
Daylight Modeling
While daylighting modeling programs have certainly come a long way in their sophistication
and technological capabilities, a discussion of todays software reveals more about what
designers and manufacturers would hope to see in future iterations of these programs.
For example, Leora Radetsky, MS LC, lead research specialist, Lighting Research Center,
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Albany, N.Y., is interested in photosensor and dimming ballast
performance being incorporated into lighting software tools so that designers can better predict
energy savings when lights are switched or dimmed. While some photosensor performance data is
available through LRCs National Lighting Product Information Program, the actual power demand
is a function of the interaction between the location and performance of the photosensor, the
specific dimming ballast and the room characteristics, and there isnt much currently available
data that shows the combined performance of the photosensor with different ballasts.
Another shortcoming of daylight modeling programs is their lack of ability to conduct
apples-to-apples comparisons of different products, particularly when products might
reference different test standards or use different test methods. In addition, most software
does not provide side-by-side comparisons of multiple design options, forcing lighting
designers to individually generate and manually arrange rendered images in word
processing, publishing or graphics software.
Workflow efficiency would be significantly improved if these side-by-side comparisons
showing multiple design iterations could be saved, renderings automatically arranged and
results graphically displayed by the daylight modeling software, states Dane R. Sanders, P.E.,
LEED AP BD+C, principal, Clanton & Associates, Boulder, Colo.
As for the incorporation of newer daylighting technologies, there has been some progress
in supporting the analysis of dynamic glazing and operable shades and blinds. However,
more development is required to enhance the workflow and data management for modeling
interior shade controls, dynamic or tunable glazing systems, tubular daylight devices and
other daylight delivery systems.
Currently this analysis requires either tedious and time-consuming spreadsheet data
management or customized software plug-ins to analyze and manage conditional logic and
data from multiple modeling results, notes Sanders.
While some manufacturers can provide light distribution files for each solar angle and sky
condition, this data must be manually selected and changed for each time point. As such,
Sanders would like to see daylight modeling programs that can automatically select the
correct light distribution file for each time point and sky condition to help designers provide
daylight autonomy calculations for the more innovative daylighting systems on the market.
Fortunately, with conventional technologies, programs such as Daysim have begun including
automatic calculation of annual and climate-based metrics such as daylight autonomy,
continuous daylight autonomy, daylight availability and useful daylight illuminance.
These metrics give a much more comprehensive view of a designs year-round
performance, as opposed to the best/worst/typical approach taken previously, explains Scott
Schuetter, P.E., LEED AP BD+C, senior energy engineer, Energy Center of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis.
Another popular program is AGi32 which offers sophisticated daylighting calculations and
renderings. AGi32 accepts 3D models from other programs, making it an even more powerful tool.
Demonstrating the
separated view window
and daylight window
concept, Pelli Clarke
Pelli Architects and
Clanton & Associates
designed four lower
view windows and
two long and narrow
daylight windows
running along the top
of each classroom at the
University of Illinois
Business Instructional
Facility, Champaign, Ill.
IMAGE COURTESY OF PELLI
CLARKE PELLI ARCHITECTS
24
edc
april.2013
When properly designed, the daylighting fenestration allows interior contrast

ratios to be balanced with vision glazing,
thereby maximizing visual comfort for the
space occupants and allowing for maximum enjoyment of any available views to
the outside, says Digert.
In terms of how to execute this, the
view window, which is the fenestrations
lower portion, should have a higher
visible transmittance of greater than 50
percent, and in some cases, an exterior overhang for shading, according to
Schuetter. Meanwhile, the glazing for the
upper daylighting section glazing usually
has a lower VLT and SHGC. Specifiers
may also consider an interior light shelf to
help limit glare.
Case in point, at the University of Illinois Business Instructional Facility, Champaign, Ill., Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects
and Clanton & Associates designed each
classroom with four lower view windows,
which topped off at six feet, and two long
and narrow daylight windows above.
The classic daylighting window
arrangement worked very well with the
brick and limestone faade with very
classical proportions and a rhythm of
repetitive window configurations, says
Dane Sanders. In this LEED Platinum
building, the daylighting and lighting
controls made a significant contribution
toward the LEED credits for optimizing
energy efficiency.
Overall, another variable in the mix is
the overall window size, as the more glazing there is,the more daylight and electric
savings potential. However, windows are
poor insulators, meaning that the more
windows a designer includes, the more
heat is lost by conduction through them,
cautions Schuetter.
Consequently, a window-to-wall ratio
(WWR) of 30 percent to 35 percent strikes
a good balance between daylighting and
building envelope performance. As a
point of reference, ASHRAE 90.1-2010
allows a WWR of 40 percent and 5 percent
for skylights as a percentage of the roof
area. In the 2012 International Energy
Conservation Code, only 30 percent of the
wall can be fenestration with 3 percent
for skylights.
At the same time, its important to note
that these are prescriptive requirements and
designers can opt to use a performancebased approach if they desire higher glazing
levels, as long as the whole building energy

consumption can be modeled at levels acceptable by the codes.
Key to this discussion, however, is the
fact that even the highest performance
glazing unit cannot match up to the
thermal attributes of a well-insulated wall
or roof. Consequently, the use of glazing
will compromise thermal performance.
Of course, turning buildings into opaque
boxes is not an option, but solely from
an energy perspective, glazings justification is the extent to which it can replace
electrical lighting costs.
Ultimately, If you can minimize the
percentage of the space needed to replace
electric light with properly diffused
daylight for the most hours per year, then
you achieve the best total building energy
perspective, says Grable.
As for establishing glazing ratios and
aperture size, Leora Radetsky, MS LC,
lead research specialist, Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic
Institute, Albany, N.Y., bases this decision
on whats required to achieve target light
levels for a range of design days. Radetsky is also a fan of light scoops, which
use tilted, transparent, high-VLT glazing to
bring in more light in the winter months
and to better take advantage of natural
light on overcast days.
Overall, Radetkys team seeks to
include the following principles in its
daylighting designs:
Bring people to the light. Create daylight
zones at the periphery of the building
combined with an open office plan with
low partitions.
Bring light in high. With horizontal
windows placed higher, daylight can be
brought in deeper and more uniformly
than the same square footage of vertical
windows. Skylight and light scoops may
be included in this strategy.
Diffuse the sun. Prismatic skylights
or interior baffles can prevent direct
sunlight from reaching the workplane.
For vertical glazing, simple, white horizontal blinds tilted up to 45 degrees can
diffuse the light.
Use light color surfaces. Light-colored
partitions, walls and ceiling further diffuse the light and increase the reflectance efficiency of the space.
Control the electric lights. One of the
primary benefits of daylight is energy
and demand savings, but unless the
Optically designed diffusers in photometric distributions and aesthetics in the LightFlex daylighting system
complement luminaires providing seamless transitions between sources.
IMAGE COURTESY OF SUNOPTICS
lights are dimmed or switched, daylight

design on its own does not increase
energy efficiency.
Offering his own set of daylighting design guidance, Dolan shares the following:
Identify design intent including WWR,
color and appearance, and building
shape and orientation.
Examine performance versus look to determine the desired balance of transparency and reflectivity with solar heat gain.
Evaluate different coatings such as low-E,
hybrid low-E or spectrally selective glass.
Take advantage of newer glazing trends
including triple silver, EC or buildingintegrated photovoltaics.
Examine the glass from all the angles
and in different conditions.
TOPLIGHTING IN THE MIX

As useful as windows are at bringing daylight into the interior, toplighting is even
more of an effective strategy. Whereas
perimeter daylighting systems can only
penetrate about 30 feet inside, toplighting
is a great way to pull light much deeper
into the interior. Furthermore, a skylight

is capable of letting in three times as
much light per square foot as compared
to vertical glazing, thanks to the roofs
greater exposure to sunlight.
In addition, toplighting with skylights
or roof monitors provides the most
uniform daylight possible and the most
potential energy savings from dimming
or turning off the lighting, says Dane
Sanders.
At the same time, skylights need to be
carefully positioned and sized to avoid
glare and to control heat gain. Specifiers
should also be looking for glazing which
maximizes VLT and offers a high level of
diffusion to disperse the light most effectively and uniformly.
In fact, some standards, including
ASHRAE 90.1-2010, mandate 100 percent
diffusion. However, balancing VLT and
diffusion can be quite the juggling act.
For example, one can start with a
clear glazingwhich can have as much as
92 percent VLT as is found in clear acrylic
skylights, explains Grable. However,
direct light will produce glare. The light
www.edcmag.com
25
needs to be diffused, and in order to do

this, one needs to add colorants to create
haze or diffusion to spread the light. But
the greater the amount of colorant, the
less VLT the glazing can produce.
Ultimately, Grable sees the optimal daylight prescription as balanced illumination
from multiple daylight sources.
Another issue to consider is the fact
that skylights will experience a seasonal
variation with occasional intense brightness when the sun angles near the zenith,
as opposed to dimmer rays of sunshine
in the wintertime when the sun is nearer
to the horizon. In northern latitude locations, this variation can be evened out
by tilting the skylight glazing toward the
south, suggests Dane Sanders.
Another form of toplighting that is gaining popularity, thanks to technological
advances, are TDDs, which pipe daylight
from the roof through a tubing system
outfitted with sophisticated optics.
While seemingly simple in concept,
todays advanced optical TDDs are
exceedingly sophisticated, using a robust
suite of selective refractive and reflective
optical principles and technologies to
provide controlled daylight to nearly any
interior space in ways that was simply not
possible just a few years ago, explains
Digert. Key intelligent features include
angularly selective passive optic daylight
collection/harvesting designs, advanced
spectrally selective reflective technologies, advanced optics for controlled and
consistent placement of light on interior
surfaces, and advanced under-controlled
light output through the use of switchcontrolled optical dimming.
Typically, TDDs are limited to the top
two floors of the building, but some products claim to effectively transmit daylight
through tubing of up to 50 feet or more.
At the tubes end is a refractive lens,
which runs between 14 and 24 inches in diameter, or is shaped as a 24-inch by 24-inch
square to fit into a typical acoustic ceiling
grid, according to Dane Sanders. Often, a
diffusing panel or pendant is installed below the lens to evenly distribute the light.
Routing tubes through the ceiling
plenum can be challenging since there are
many other systems that are competing
for space, he notes. So, an integrated
design effort is critical for allocating
appropriate space in the plenum and in
vertical chases to bring daylight down
26
edc
april.2013
through multiple floors of the building. At

the roof level, tube locations need to be
coordinated with other building systems
equipment to avoid shadowing and maintain good solar access.
Another feature to look for is roof
penetration flashing packages which are
guaranteed not to leak, suggests Tate
Walker, AIA, LEED AP BD+C, senior
project manager, Energy Center of
Wisconsin. In addition, specifiers should
be aware that tubes can vary in quality, so its important to make sure that
the tubes interior coatings are capable
of reflecting high levels of light to the
interior.
Although not as common, hybrid solar
lighting is an interesting technology which
uses lenses or parabolic mirrors integrated with solar tracking devices to transmit
sunlight through tubes, or even fiber
optics, where it is ultimately redistributed
into a hybrid daylight/electrical system.
One such system was developed by
Oak Ridge National Laboratory where
a parabolic mirrored dish tracks solar
movement and focuses sunlight into fiber
optics, and it channels the sunlight into
2-foot by 4-foot fluorescent luminaries.
Commercially available through Sundolier, the harvested daylight is combined
with LED lighting and can replace four or
more skylights.
While the potential for these systems
to bring daylight further into buildings
is quite compelling, they are also quite
expensive, notes Dane Sanders.
BATTLING GLARE
As designers tweak their daylighting
designs in pursuit of that optimal balance
between uniform light levels and solar
heat gain, over-illuminated spaces or
significant contrast levels can create the
nemesis of effective daylightingglare.
Shifting patterns of daylight, and in
particular transitory patches of directbeam sunlight, should be avoided for any
spaces where people have well-defined
and non-moveable work stations and/or
work environments, says Digert.
Generally speaking, glare is often the
hardest to deal with on the east and westfacing faades due to the suns low angle
during the morning and late afternoon
hours. Consequently, exterior shading
devices are a common strategyvertical fins, in particularto block as much
direct sunlight as possible, according to

Schuetter. While glare is easier to control
on the south-facing windows, and even
more on the northern faade, exterior
overhangs are still strongly recommended.
However, neither vertical fins nor
exterior overhangs are likely to mitigate
glare entirely, cautions Schuetter. Often,
an interior blind is the only 100 percent
guarantee of no glare. When utilized, interior blinds should allow some portion of
diffused daylight into the space; 20 percent
is a decent target.
Of course, the main problem with interior blinds is the fact that more often than
not, once a building occupant closes the
blinds, chances are that they will remain
closed, as noted earlier, thereby defeating
the entire daylighting strategy.
Consequently, It is absolutely essential
that there is a good plan for dynamic glare
control, whether it be through blinds which
are automatically retracted when the glare
moves away to return the daylight harvesting and view, or automatically controlled
dynamic glazing, states Helen Sanders.
Along these lines, the Lighting Research
Center has developed a Blind Minder
device which monitors direct sunlight on
the glazing and informs occupants when
they can pull back the blinds.
Even a simple Outlook reminder that
tells you when to pull your blinds up
based on your window orientation can
increase energy savings while allowing
the occupant to have control over their
space, suggests Radetsky.
To a certain extent, fenestration sizing
and glazing can also control glare. And
while designers are often hesitant to reduce VLT any more than necessary, Dolan
points out that even a VLT as low as 35
percent will still provide generous levels
of natural light and not make the spaces
feel dark or cavernous.
To asses the potential for glare in a specific space, several metrics have been created to measure this, a number of which
have been incorporated into daylight
modeling programs. Essentially, this helps
designers try out different fenestration and
shading strategies to minimize glare issues.
DAYLIGHTING AND NET-ZERO

With a growing focus on net-zero building
designs, to what extent does good daylighting potentially play into a zero-energy
building (ZEB) design formula?
You cant do a net-zero application without a whole-building energy model, which

includes a comprehensive daylighting plan
involving strategies for glazing, lighting,
controls and blinds, responds Walker.
In a similar vein, Dane Sanders explains, The building faade represents
a tremendous opportunity for improving
the energy efficiency of buildings and
indeed is where critical improvements are
needed for enabling net zero.
Putting things into perspective, Walker
points out that electrical light can account for between 20 percent and 40
percent of a buildings total energy use.
Yet, overglazing can adversely affect
heating and cooling equipment loads and
sizing, which can also run between 20 percent and 40 percent of a buildings power
consumption. In fact, the EPA quantifies
windows as consuming 30 percent of a
buildings heating and cooling energy,
with a particular impact on peak demand
and occupant comfort.
In order to help enable buildings to reach
zero energy, the DOE lays out the following
three envelope strategies:
Low U-factor fenestration, such as triplepane glazing with highly insulating frames;
Dynamic solar control to capture heat
when needed and block it when its not
desired, such as provided by dynamic
glazing or automated exterior mechanical shading systems;
Integrated faades, which includes
using good daylighting design to
maximize the penetration of natural
light combined with dimmable lighting
controls to harvest natural daylight.
Furthermore, The future ZEB commercial window has dynamic solar control
with an average U-Factor of 0.1 BTU/hr.oF.
ft2, and is used as part of an integrated
daylighting design, according to the DOE,
says Helen Sanders. In fact, the DOE
estimates that if all windows in commercial windows in the U.S. were replaced
today with highly insulating fenestration
and integrated dynamic solar control and
daylighting controls, $35 billion could be
savedand windows could be turned into
energy suppliers of significant measure.
In addition, the National Research Energy Laboratory projects that the energy savings from the wide-scale use of advanced
windows could potentially reach nearly 6
percent of national energy consumption.
Translucent Systems
In addition to products such as advanced low-E technology and dynamic glazing, another
noteworthy daylighting strategy is translucent glass and fiberglass systems. Commonly used
in schools and recreational facilities, one of the systems main benefits is mitigating glare and
uncomfortable hot spots, as well as enhancing privacy.
Translucent glazing can be used to provide wonderful, diffused daylight to a space
without the potential for problematic, transitory direct beams of light, confirms Neall Digert,
Ph.D., MIES, vice president of product enterprise, Solatube International, Vista, Calif.
At the same time, these systems must be carefully specified in order to accomplish this.
Careful and artful placement of translucent glazing systems, addressing occupant
sightlines of these glazings and the adjacent architectural surfaces is required to minimize
glare from these daylighting elements since they distribute daylight in all directions, he
explains.
We have had great success with translucent systems in multipurpose rooms and
gymnasiums, says Mitch Blake, principal of Jackson, Wyo.-based Ward+Blake Architects. In
addition to reducing glare and creating nicely diffused light, they are also tough enough to
withstand the impacts of flying balls without failure or blemish.
While glazing alone will not contribute

to site-based power generation required
to achieve net zero, Digert stresses the
importance of choosing fenestration
technologies that work in concert with faade-integrated and rooftop photovoltaic
systems. For example, TDDs can complement PV systems in that they minimize
the space conflict on the roof between the
need for space devoted to the PV system
and the aperture area needed to effectively daylight interior spaces with a TDD.
Provided the selected TDD products
tubing or transfer system can achieve longer tube runs and bend around obstacles
in the interior space, TDDs can be placed
on the roof wherever space is available
without compromising the interior daylighting diffuser and/or daylight fixture
placement, says Digert. Additionally,
optical TDDs with appropriate turret
design and/or options, allow for the optical domes to be raised higher on the roof
plane to avoid shadowing caused by tilted
PV arrays and maximize daylighting collection and harvesting.
LOOKING AHEAD
With building codes trending toward
stricter energy requirements and the
increasing cost of power production, its
anticipated that this will drive an even
greater focus on the development of
advanced glazing technologies.
For example, in the works at Guardian
is a new vacuum insulated glass technology which is two layers of glass fused
together and separated by a very thin
space of just 0.3 mm. The goal of the new

system is to enable windows to reach
thermal performance levels approaching those of an opaque wall. Ultimately,
Guardian hopes to exceed insulation values of R-10, and R-11.5+ at the center of
the glass, while still offering the daylighting benefits of transparent glass.
Meanwhile, Schuetter is optimistic
about photovoltaic technology which is
incorporated into the insulating glass unit,
advanced frits and etchings, moths eye
anti-reflective technology and suspended
films such as heat mirrors.
But beyond glazing units, Digert sees
much potential in the realm of intelligent fenestration products. These new
complex fenestration technologies allow
daylight to be delivered in a much more
meaningful and consistent way to a
building, allowing artful lighting design
principles to be applied with daylight in
ways that windows and skylights never
do could before. Key examples include
individually controllable layers of daylight, wall wash and decorative daylight
chandeliers.
At the same time, Digert wishes there
was a way to shorten the time lag between
the development of new technology and
the needed supporting language that
ultimately shows up in the building codes.
Currently, this cycle takes approximately
three years and is hindering the more widespread adoption of the latest technologies.
A new process needs to be developed
that doesnt penalize or hinder technology
innovation and adoption, he concludes.edc
www.edcmag.com
27
quiz

questions
QUIZ FOR LET THE SUN SHINE IN

INSTRUCTIONS: ONCE YOU HAVE READ
Describe the main components of double- and

triple-silver glazing.
THE ENTIRE ARTICLE, GO ONLINE TO LET THE

SUN SHINE IN AT WWW.THECECAMPUS.COM/
APR13EDCQUIZ TO COMPLETE THE QUIZ. OR,
FOR A $10 FEE, YOU MAY COMPLETE THE QUIZ
BELOW AND FAX OR MAIL IT TO THE ADDRESS AT
What is the minimum light-to-solar gain ratio for

spectrally selective glass, according to the U.S.
Department of Energys definition?
A. Heat-treated glass is then tinted

B. Microscopically thin silver layers are
combined with additional metal layers
C. Coatings applied by a pyrolytic process
D. None of the above
A.
B.
C.
D.
0.9
1.0
1.25
1.3
THE BOTTOM.
1
Which glazing technology is capable of achieving
a light-to-solar-gain ratio of greater than 6?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Electrochromic glazing
Spectrally selective low-E coating
Vacuum insulated glass technology
Hybrid low-E glazing
Which elevation(s) provide the biggest challenge

in terms of solar heat gain and glare?
A.
B.
C.
D.
North
North and south
East
East and west
A.
B.
C.
D.
20 feet
30 feet
40 feet
50 feet
A.
B.
C.
D.
They take up a minimum amount of space

They generate electricity
They increase the roofs reflective properties
They increase the roofs insulation
40 percent and 5 percent

Which of the following are NOT among the

latest intelligent features of tubular
daylighting systems?
According to the DOE, which of the following

is a viable strategy for enabling the design of
zero-energy buildings?
A. Angularly selective passive optics

B. Advanced spectrally selective
reflective technologies
C. Photochromic technology
D. Switch-controlled optical dimming
A. Triple glazing with highly insulating frames

B. Dynamic glazing and automated exterior
shading systems
C. All of the above
D. None of the above
6
Why do tubular daylighting devices integrate well
with rooftop photovoltaic systems?
What is the allowable window-to-wall ratio and

skylights as a percentage of the total roof area,
per ASHRAE 90.1-2010?
A.
B.
C.
D.
3
Approximately how far can sidelighting around a
buildings perimeter bring daylight to the interior?
7
True or False: Todays daylight modeling programs perform good side-by-side comparisons of
products and daylighting designs.
8
Sponsored by:
A. True
B. False
9
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edc
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AEC/O+M
solutions
LED Lighting the Way

A SMITHSONIAN EXHIBIT AND DESIGN SPECIALIST SHARES HIS
THOUGHTS ON LIGHTING IN A MUSEUM ENVIRONMENT.
EDC: When it comes to

lighting in a museum environment, what factors need to be
taken into consideration?
Skinner: Some of the
important areas of concern
for museum lighting designers include: preservation of
light-sensitive artifacts, visual
accessibility of exhibit objects
and related graphics, enhancement of architectural space,
adequate lighting for safety
and security, and energy ef-
ficiency. We try to integrate all

light sources as seamlessly as
possible into exhibit gallery
architectural space. The goal is
to balance all of these design
considerations in a way that
produces creative and aesthetically pleasing installations.
EDC: How difficult is it to
transition from one lighting
type to another in facilities of
this type?
Skinner: Many types and
variations of light sources, light-
ing fixtures and accessories are

available to museum lighting
designers. The challenge of integrating new light sources and
equipment generally relates to:
1) Visual compatibility: Color,
distribution, glare control and
intensityHow does it look?
2) Equipment compatibility: Are existing fixtures, the
architecture, and electrical
distribution and controls
compatible with the selected
light source?
Richard Skinner is an exhibit lighting

and design specialist at the Freer and
Sackler Galleries, the Smithsonians
museums of Asian art.
PHOTO BY JOHN TSANTES
LIGHTING IN A MUSEUM
PRESENTS A UNIQUE SET
OF CHALLENGES FOR
DESIGNERS. RICHARD
SKINNER PUTS HIS MORE
THAN 30 YEARS OF
EXPERIENCE DESIGNING
EXHIBITS AT HOME
AND ABROAD TO USE
FOR THE SMITHSONIAN
INSTITUTIONS ARTHUR M.
SACKLER GALLERY AND
FREER GALLERY OF ART,
WASHINGTON, D.C., AS
THE EXHIBIT LIGHTING AND
DESIGN SPECIALIST. THE
FOLLOWING IS A Q&A HE
DID WITH EDC SO THAT
OTHERS COULD GET A
MORE IN-DEPTH LOOK AT
THE CHALLENGES AND HOW
TO OVERCOME THEM.
3) If a new technology or
product is used (like LED
lighting), what are the longterm performance characteristics and have all the engineering bugs been worked out of
the manufacturing process?
EDC: You selected LED
lighting for the Smithsonian
Institution Freer Gallery of
Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery. Why did you feel it was
the best choice?
Feast Your Eyes: A Taste

for Luxury in Ancient Iran,
an exhibition currently on
view at the Freer and Sackler
Galleries, the Smithsonians
museums of Asian art.
30
edc
april.2013
Hokusai: 36 Views of Mount Fuji, an exhibition at the Freer and Sackler Galleries, the Smithsonians museums of Asian art.
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31
www.sylvania.com/indoorxture
TOP 5 WAYS ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING

AFFECTS SUSTAINABILITY
OSRAM
2x2 LED
Round
Fixture.
By Michael Jouaneh, Manager of

Sustainability and Energy
Standards for Lutron
Artificial lighting, specifically control of the lighting, significantly helps

with all three aspects of sustainabilityPeople, Planet, Profits (a.k.a.
Social, Environmental and Economic).
PEOPLE
Improves employee comfort and health
High efciency
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Empowers employees to control their visual environment
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Maximizes the effective use of daylight
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To learn more about

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Cuts wasted lighting-energy costs by 60 percent or more

Reduces labor, maintenance and operation costs
Lowers electrical power rates and eliminate penalty charges
Enhances employee productivity
LEED
Light control can significantly contribute to LEED certification
Light control can help with 40 out of the 110 points for LEED NC 2009
B U I L D I N G S TA N D A R D S A N D C O D E S
2013 OSRAM SYLVANIA.
Energy and green building standards/codes all reflect the importance of

using lighting controls to conserve energy.
In the ASHRAE 90.1-2010 standard, for example, there are mandatory
requirements for area controls, automatic lighting shutoff, bi-level lighting,
daylight harvesting, exterior lighting control, parking garage lighting control
and stairwell lighting control.
32
edc
april.2013
Daylighting and
Sustainability
Rank High in
Higher Education
Allegheny College in Meadville, Penn.,

recently created the Richard J. Cook Center
for Environmental Sciences at the newly
renovated Carr Hall.
Harmony in Blue and Gold: The Peacock Room, by James McNeill Whistler (American,
1834-1903), at the Smithsonians Freer Gallery of Art.
IMAGE COURTESY OF THE FREER GALLERY OF ART
Skinner: LED light sources offer enhanced energy efficiency, reduced maintenance
and are a rapidly evolving light source that will almost certainly gain widespread acceptance and application within the museum world. We are currently getting very good
results using a hybrid approach to the integration of LED light sources in exhibition
galleriesusing a combination of filtered daylight, LED and incandescent halogen light
sources for exhibits. We have found that when we used LED rather than incandescent
light sources for wall lighting in exhibit galleries, the result is significantly reduced
maintenance and more than 40 percent reduction in energy consumed, without any
compromise to the appearance of installations. We are also getting very good results
with LED conversion in the museum shop, art storage areas, offices, corridors, etc.
EDC: Can you address the claims that LEDs offer a different quality of light (for
example, too cool) than say incandescent or compact fluorescent lighting?
Skinner: Different light sources have inherently different qualities when compared
one to another. Museum lighting designers apply a variety of techniques to get the
desired results, and it is important to be very discriminating when selecting specific
light sourcesLED or otherwise. Not all commercially available LED light sources
are created equal, and currently some LEDs have better color, beam spread, etc. than
others. Manufacturers are putting a great deal of time and resources into developing
higher color-rendering characteristics (CRI) and providing more choices in terms of
color temperature, distribution and intensity of LED light sources. My advice to those
contemplating LED conversion is to choose products carefully and develop installation
techniques that meet design objectives.
EDC: Is there any advice you could offer others regarding what to look for in an
LED light and/or manufacturer?
Skinner: Do some research and look for successful design solutions and installation
techniques used in other institutions. Compare products, look for high CRI, be careful
when selecting color temperature appropriate for the application, make sure your
LEDs are compatible with existing fixtures and electrical distribution/controls, and do
some long-term testing if possible. edc
One of the most spectacular features is the

ample use of daylight. Numerous Solatube
Daylighting Systems flood the lobby with
natural light, eliminating the need for
electric lighting during daylight hours.
Studies (such as the one from HeschongMahone) have shown that students
perform better in the presence of daylight,
absenteeism is lower and overall attitude
and morale is higher. Marti Laudato and
M&M Specialty Products of DuBois, Penn.,
supplied the Solatube Daylighting Systems
and installation.
Weve been extremely pleased with the
inclusion of a large number of Solatube
Daylighting Systems throughout the
Richard J. Cook Center for Environmental
Science renovation. It is one of the features
that most excites visitors and those that
study and work in the building - first
because theyre so surprised to hear that
daylight rather than artificial light is
illuminating the space, and second because
it adds to the warm, natural quality of the
space, said Kelly Boulton, sustainability
coordinator at Allegheny College.
We used Solatube Daylighting Systems
in the lobby and in all classrooms and
labs, which has allowed us to reduce our
electricity consumption while maintaining
plenty of light, Boulton said. Not only
have the Solatube units contributed to
the renovations LEED Gold certification,
but theyve helped us in our efforts to
achieve 20 percent building efficiency in
our partnership with the Department of
Energys Better Buildings Challenge, as
well as move closer to our goal of climate
neutrality by 2020 in partnership with
the American College and University
Presidents Climate Commitment.
The project was designed to earn LEED
Gold Certification for commercial interiors.
For more information on daylighting and
Solatube products, visit www.solatube.com.

www.edcmag.com
33
O+M
BY SCOTT JORDAN
SCOTT JORDAN IS THE BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT MANAGER
FOR SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC. HE JOINED SQUARE D/SCHNEIDER
ELECTRIC IN 1978, AND HE HAS WORKED IN THE COMPANYS
LIGHTING CONTROL BUSINESS SINCE 1992. JORDAN SERVES AS
PRODUCT MARKETING MANAGER OF THE COMPANYS LIFESPACE
BUSINESS. HE HAS A BACHELOR OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY.
The Value of Building Data

IMPLEMENTING A MEASUREMENT AND VERIFICATION PLAN IS AN ESSENTIAL
COMPONENT TO MEET FACILITY SUSTAINABILITY GOALS.
The effects
of big data
and its influence on organizational decision making
can be seen in almost every
aspect of business, from
information technology
to marketing and human
resources. Building and
facilities management is
no exception. Technological advances in monitoring
tools and software allow
facility managers access to
vast amounts of data about
a buildings energy use. But
how can managers use this
data to operate a facility at
peak efficiency?
Enter the measurement
and verification (M&V) plan.
M&V is the process by which
facility stakeholders track
the performance of a piece
of equipment, a system or an
entire facility. Performance
is measured against past or
estimated performance of
another piece of equipment,
system or facility. This approach gives higher visibility
into detailed energy usage
data, which can then be used
to identify opportunities for
increased efficiency, enable
better decision making and
33A
edc
april.2013
increase ROI on existing and

new equipment installations.
While the energy landscape continues to evolve,
facilities managers are faced
with a different and evolving
set of energy-management
challenges today. As a result,
M&V is essential for increasing energy efficiency and reducing environmental impact
in an ever-changing energy
marketplace.
WHY IMPLEMENT
M&V PLANS?
As the focus on driving more
efficient operations and facilities continues, stakeholders are actively collecting
energy-usage data. While this
is a great first step, the key
is turning it into actionable
intelligence. This is where
M&V plans come in.
M&V allows for a more
holistic approach at building efficiency. For example,
inefficient lighting can have
a drastic effect on overall
building energy use. According to the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA),
lighting takes a larger share
of a typical commercial
buildings electricity use

than any other single end
usemore than 35 percent.
However, lighting energy use
can often be cut in at least
half by utilizing a combination of more efficient lighting
sources and controls. The
result is dramatic decreases
in energy use and associated
cost, maintained or even improved lighting quality, and
more productive occupants.
M&V plans also allow
managers to determine the
effectiveness of energy conservation measures (ECMs)
by measuring energy usage
and making comparisons
to set expectations against
other building areas, other
buildings or other systems
performing the same function.
The key to an effective
M&V plan is to account for
existing and future changes.
Rarely does a building
perform in a continuous
state. For instance, a factory
may adjust its production
schedule based on seasonal
demand. Such demands may
result in extended shifts
or shut-downs. M&V plans
that depend on one-time
audits may completely miss

these dynamitic variations
and over- or under-report
actual performance over an
extended period of time.
Fortunately, software and
metering solutions exist today that measure and record
real-time energy usage and
provide a host of analytical
tools to display performance
over wide ranges of time.
IMPLEMENTING AN
M&V PLAN
Simply stated, the purpose
of an M&V plan is to provide
proof as to the effectiveness
of an energy-management
improvement project. An M&V
plan determines savings based
on a before-and-after case.
The methodology used to
perform an M&V study varies, as it depends on both the
type of ECM being implemented and the overall purpose of the M&V plan. Generally, developing an M&V plan
begins with defining several
factors, including a baseline
against which energy usage
will be measured, the ECMs
being commissioned and the
estimated initial savings.
Building managers should keep in mind

that there are several different approaches for M&V plans, often dependent on existing metering and measuring
capabilities. Once this plan is in place
and ECMs are properly installed, actual
savings can be determined. Additional
information on developing an M&V plan
is available in the International Performance Measurement and Verification
Protocol, created by the Efficiency Valuation Organization.
M&V AND SUSTAINABILITY GOALS

Technological advancements in energymanagement software have made it
easier to accurately meter, monitor
and measure energy usage in order to
meet sustainability goals. For example,
outside factors that can affect lighting energy usagesuch as sunlight or
clouds, changing hours of operation, or
a repurposing of a spaceare automatically accounted for. By removing the
guesswork, data can be used to continue

or increase savings and provide a case
for future sustainability initiatives.
When combined with ECMs, energymanagement software not only provides
vast amounts of data allowing managers to
verify the performance of their ECMs, but
also shows the interrelated impacts of various ECMs. A good M&V software tool can
both isolate individual ECM variables and
assimilate multiple ECMs into a holistic
view. For example, a lighting upgrade is
performed in retail space that incorporates
a combination of LEDs for accent, and spot
and fluorescent lighting for task lighting.
Each of these light sources can be individually monitored and verified for expected
savings. The software can also aggregate
both ECMs to reflect the total savings.
M&V planning also allows for the
long-term planning of a building or facility. For example, a building owner can
determine how to optimally run lighting
to meet the needs of a current tenant
and easily make adjustments for a new

tenant without sacrificing efficiency or
the meeting of sustainability goals. This
is particularly helpful when the type of
venue transitions between tenants; for
example, from a grocery store to a music
venue.
For those aiming for LEED certification, the U.S. Green Building Council
(USGBC) recognizes the importance of
M&V. The LEED 2009 New Construction
and Major Renovations Standard, EA
Credit 5, gives three additional credit
points for having, developing and implementing an M&V plan.
Adapting the use of big data into
facilities management does not have to
be an arduous undertaking. By implementing a proper M&V plan, energy
usage data is easily turned into actionable intelligence, providing an accurate
definition of costs savings and reduced
environmental impact. edc
www.edcmag.com
33B
BY RAY CLARKE, PE, AND JOSHUA HANSEN
AEC/O+M
JOSHUA HANSEN IS AN AUTOMATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS ENGINEER WITH

AUSENCO. HE CAN BE REACHED AT JOSHUA.HANSEN@AUSENCO.COM.
RAY CLARKE, PE, IS A REGISTERED PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICAL ENGINEER
(CALIFORNIA, HAWAII) WITH AUSENCO. HE CAN BE REACHED AT RAY.CLARKE@
AUSENCO.COM.
Complex System Management

INTEGRATED CONTROL SYSTEMS ARE THE KEY TO MANAGING COMPLEX
ENERGY-EFFICIENT BUILDINGS.
One of the trends

in energy-efficient construction today is complexity.
While some earlier heating
and cooling systems could
be managed with little more
than a thermostat, energyefficient buildings require
the best available integrated
control systems.
For example, The David &
Lucile Packard Foundations
new headquarters in Los
Altos, Calif., recently opened
in July 2012 and uses a wide
range of systems to reach its
goal of net-zero energy use.
These include:
Rainwater harvesting with
roof runoff draining to
tanks that are used for
irrigating roof vegetation
and other landscaping, as
well as for toilet flushing;
Indoor and outdoor
louvers adjusted automatically so that daylighting
systems coordinate with
artificial lighting to provide light without glare,
reduce energy use and reduce unwanted heat gain;
Rooftop-mounted solar
arrays that pump power
back into the grid, as well
as provide power for the
building itself;
Electronic displays telling
building users when it is
appropriate (or not) to
open windows;
33C
edc
april.2013
IMAGE BY TERRY LORANT, COURTESY OF THE DAVID AND LUCILE PACKARD FOUNDATION
A dashboard that allows

employees to monitor in real
time the amount of energy
used by their actions, like
charging devices and printing;
An innovative heating and

cooling system that includes chilled beams, heat
pumps and cooling towers
for greater efficiency.
These building features

support the foundations goal
of being a positive example for
other organizations, as well
to provide a model that can
ANYONE INVOLVED IN RENEWABLE

ENERGY SYSTEMS FOR BUILDINGS
NEEDS TO BE AWARE OF THE
GROWING CAPABILITY OF ICSs
be replicated, cost-efficiently,
elsewhere in the country.
COMPLEX SYSTEMS NEED

GOOD INTEGRATION
Not that its easy. Some
energy-efficient systems can
include solar and wind generation onsite, geo-energy,
the louvers that regulate the

amount of daylight entering
the building, ventilation systems that move air between
the sun-warmed side of a
building and the shady side,
and the use of collected rainwater, as well as traditional
heating and cooling systems.
In the Packard Foundation

building, sustainable aspects
include rooftop solar panels,
rainwater harvesting and
automated shading systems,
each of which requires controls to keep energy consumption down while also
producing a pleasant indoor
work environment. It can be
a challenge for building managers to monitor and manage
the many systems in which
changes to one may require
changes to another.
It all comes together with
an Integrated Control System
(ICS) like the one designed
and configured by engineering firm Ausenco for the
Packard Foundation building. This is an electronic
system that combines the
output received from each of
the buildings systems so that
the whole can be run off one
central screen.
Anyone involved in renewable energy systems for
buildings needs to be aware
of the growing capability
of ICSs and how they are
increasingly important in
meeting energy efficiency
targets as well as organizational goals. Duties of the
ICS at the Packard Foundation building include:
Reducing power for IT systems: Having a virtualized
environment, where one
physical server runs several
virtual servers, reduces the
amount of power required
to run the building.
Gathering information to
tweak performance: The
data gathered by the ICS
helps operators learn how
to boost the buildings efficiency, and data on every
branch circuit helps to
discover problem areas
such as an electric space
heater hidden under someones desk.
Supporting certification:
The data collected also
helps certify the buildings
net-zero status.
Providing hard data: The detailed information gathered

can translate soft benefits
into hard data such as the
energy savings involved in
using rooftop runoff, rather
than municipal water, for
some purposes.
Builds stakeholder relations: Hard data helps
reassure employees and
other stakeholders that the
building is being efficiently
run (which is particularly
important for organizations that need to demonstrate green credentials
to their customers).
GETTING GOOD RESULTS

FROM AN ICS
Experience shows that the keys
to efficiently managing this huge
array of factors involve the right
selection, customization and
operation of an ICS. Building
owners would do well to look to
the Control System Integrators
Association (CSIA), which provides certification and continuing education for its members.
Certified Control System
Integrators have passed
an independent audit of 76
criteria covering all aspects
of business performance,
including general management, financial management,
project management, quality
management, supporting systems and human resources.
The organization offers an
online referral service that
helps potential clients find a
qualified professional.
It is particularly important to
make sure that the organization
or individual be experienced
in a wide array of communications protocols since there may
be a diverse range of devices
and inputs to the system, each
with its own language.
Net-zero energy buildings wanting to operate as
efficiently as possible need
the support of a qualified
professional and the right
ICS to help the complex
systems. edc
www.edcmag.com
33D
Blake
Mycoskie
TOMS Founder
and Chief Shoe
Giver
Cameron
Sinclair
Architecture
for Humanity
Co-Founder
and Chief
Eternal
Optimist
General Colin
L. Powell, USA
(Ret.)
Former
Secretary of
State
(20012005)
leadership
for architecture
leadership
beyond architecture
Our keynote speakers at the AIA National Convention are leaders who, like you, build a better
worldone day, one project at a time. Come to the AIA convention, and develop the knowledge
and professional contacts you need to elevate your practice and your career.
REGISTRATION IS NOW OPEN

www.aia.org/convention
BY MICHAEL J. BERNING, PE, CEM, LEED AP BD+C
BURNING questions
BERNING answers
MICHAEL J. BERNING, PE, CEM, LEED AP BD+C, IS THE DIRECTOR

OF SUSTAINABLE DESIGN FOR HEAPY ENGINEERING, A
NATIONALLY RECOGNIZED LEADER IN PROVIDING INNOVATIVE
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN, PLANNING, COMMISSIONING, LEEDAND ENERGY-RELATED SERVICES. HE CAN BE REACHED AT
MJBERNING@HEAPY.COM OR 937-224-0861.
Reducing Healthcare Costs

Through Sustainability
HOW WILL THE AFFORDABLE HEALTHCARE ACT AFFECT HEALTHCARE FACILITIES?
Healthcare
IMAGE BY MICHAEL BERNING
has been (and will

continue to be) a hot topic at all political
levels, throughout our communities and
in our homes. We are only beginning to
understand the basics of the Affordable
Care Act (ACA) and how it will affect us
personally, let alone the impact it will
have on our entire healthcare system.
Does the ACA have a direct or even an
indirect link to sustainability? With a
couple of the ACAs basic elements emphasizing wellness and patient outcomes
(satisfaction), sustainability principles
are definitely front and center. Lets
examine how.
First, under the ACA, employers will
be incentivized to provide a healthy work
environment, create/promote wellness
programs, and even to subsidize the
costs for employee gym club memberships, smoking-cessation programs, etc.
We all know creating a healthy work
environment is a basic element employers should include in their sustainability
plan. Addressing employee comfort
(lighting, ventilation, temperature control) and providing bike-friendly workplaces are just a couple of strategies out
of the Sustainability 101 for Businesses
workbook. With the amount of time
the typical employee spends at work,
a healthier workplace certainly would
contribute to reducing overall healthcare
costs. Prevention versus medication
becomes the focus. An additional benefit
for a business having healthier and more
www.edcmag.com
35
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energetic employees is a more effective business (i.e., more

profitable).
Second, the ACAs Medicare Hospital Value-Based Purchasing Program will grade hospitals on the quality of their
healthcare delivery, including an assessment of patient
satisfaction. Hospitals could lose (or gain) a portion of
their Medicare funding based on their grades. Although
patient satisfaction is generally a measurement of the individuals perception of the quality of care theyve received, a
standardized survey is used to generate a common barometer across our healthcare system. You can only speculate
the myriad contributing factors a patient finds important
relative to his or her hospital experience. The factors
though, which could influence a patients perception of
care and that a healthcare institution has direct control of,
would also include the same items (mentioned above) an
employer can control.
The HCAHPS Patient Survey1 is what has been used since
last October in this process. A couple of the items on this
survey include The Hospital Environment (including addressing noise levels) as well as the Overall Rating of Hospital (where patient comfort certainly becomes a factor).
One can see how a sustainably designed, constructed and
operated hospital would have a definite advantage in meeting these criteria compared to other healthcare facilities.
The report Understanding the Relationship Between
Public Health and the Built Environment2 was written a
few years back to inform the development of the LEED for
Neighborhood Development (LEED-ND) rating system. This
report reviewed and gave an accounting of current research
showing a direct relationship between public health and
neighborhood design. Its purpose was to understand how
neighborhood design and development could have a positive
influence on public health. The report presents interesting data showing how our reliance on the automobile and
having gone away from true Live-Work-Play neighborhoods
have negatively affected our overall general health.
It only makes sense that sustainably designed workplaces
and neighborhoods and a focus on wellness and satisfactory
outcomes are all positive strategies for reducing healthcare
costs, as well as to improve the quality of life at home and at
the office. Now, back to the treadmill. edc
IN FUTURE ISSUES OF EDC, THIS AUTHOR WILL ADDRESS SPECIFIC TOPICS REGARDING
SUSTAINABILITY IN NEW CONSTRUCTION AS WELL AS RELATED TOPICS FOR EXISTING FACILITIES.
1 http://go.cms.gov/YNg0B9
2 http://bit.ly/XW9hWb
36
edc
april.2013
NATURALLY
SUSTAINABLE.
THATS IT, IN A
NUTSHELL.
Oh, and an oyster shell too.
Walnut and oyster shells. Theyre two of the bio-based materials
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LEED Fellow
CORNER
BY HELEN J. KESSLER, FAIA, LEED FELLOW

HELEN J. KESSLER, FAIA, LEED FELLOW, IS THE PRESIDENT OF
CHICAGO-BASED HJKESSLER ASSOCIATES AND A USGBC
FACULTY MEMBER. SHE HAS MORE THAN 30 YEARS EXPERIENCE IN
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN AND WAS ONE OF THE FIRST ARCHITECTS IN
CHICAGO TO WORK WITH LEED.
Shifting Mindsets and

Awakening Possibility
AN INQUIRY INTO HOW WE CAN CREATE A NEW PARADIGM.
Am I doing enough? Are we doing enough? These are questions I ask myself as the Arctics ice and Greenlands glaciers melt at an accelerating pace and as
our planets life support systems continue
to be subjected to relentless assault from
extraction, overuse and pollution. Major
changes will be required for the Earth to
continue to support its growing population. As time slips by, I wonder: In a world
where most people dont seem to care, or
perhaps simply dont see (or want to see)
a problem, how can we shift mindset and
awaken new possibilities? What will be the
new way of life, and how do we get there
before something unthinkable occurs?
I have written this article as an inquiry,
but first want to describe some of my
work and sphere of influence. I will then
explore the following: Where do we go
from here? How do we shift mindset?
How can we create a new paradigm of
a world where all living beings have the
resources to sustain healthy, productive
and abundant lives?
GREEN BUILDING STORIES AND USING

AN INTEGRATIVE DESIGN PROCESS
My influence on sustainable practices is
varied. I help develop curricula and education programs, create and deliver courses
and presentations to other professionals and college students, write articles,
advocate for green building practices, and
mentor. I am constantly advocating for use
of an integrative design process, which requires a shift from traditional linear ways
of thinking to holistic ways of thinking.
38
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april.2013
As a green building consultant who has

focused on sustainability since my college
days and who has worked on more than
60 LEED projects, I influence the design
of many projects as well as the mindset of
owners, design team members and contractors. On many occasions, I have caused
a shift in expectations, especially with
regard to LEED certification and energy
efficiency. As an example, when owners
ask for LEED Silver or LEED Certified
buildings, we often deliver LEED Gold; and

for a soon-to-be certified project, we may
deliver an astonishing LEED Platinum. We
do this at little to no extra cost. As expectations shift, many owners now require
LEED Gold (or better) buildings. There is
no question that this is a mindset shift for
those owners and the design teams, and it
opens up new possibilities and opportunities for advanced thinking regarding how
to make projects more sustainable.
It is most gratifying to see the ripple effects of improving efficiency and optimum
sizing of buildings and systems, resulting
in both lower utility bills and construction
costs. This does not happen by accident.
Whenever possible, we use an integrative
process that brings teams together early
in a project to brainstorm and co-create.
My favorite part of this process is getting
to an aha moment when team members
perceive a new way of thinkinga less
expensive, more effective way of handling
the mechanical system, for instance. We
had such an opportunity on a project that
uses a geo-exchange system with distributed heat pumps and direct outside
air rather than a large central plant with
large and lengthy duct runs. Due to moving water throughout the building rather
than a huge amount of air, the size of the
ducts was dramatically reduced, allowing
the floor-to-floor height of the building to
decrease and the overall project costincluding the cost of the mechanical system
with the ground source wells and heat
pumpsto be significantly lower than
originally budgeted. In fact, the project
was built for approximately the same first
cost as an almost identical building with
less efficient systems.
A large part of my job is to encourage
design team members to think holistically,
not just in their own silos or disciplines.
As a green building consultant I believe
that it is my duty to push the envelope, to
encourage people to see things differently
and to create greener, more sustainable
and more efficient buildings. It is always
rewarding when someone from one discipline has a great idea for someone from
another disciplineor even better, when
it takes three or more disciplines working
together to make an idea work. A recent
example is a project with a large open
(and tall) public space. Rather than using
a typical overhead air distribution system,
a displacement ventilation system will
be used to reduce the size and number of
ducts, eliminate ductwork from the top of
the building, allow for less building structure and provide increased comfort for
the space. Additionally, the building envelope and lighting systems were designed
together with the mechanical system.
The project includes large areas of very
efficient glazing and daylight dimming to
reduce electrical lighting usage. By integrating efficient glazing and lighting, the
size of the HVAC system will be reduced,
resulting in significant energy savings.
Isnt this the way everyone thinks about

design? Isnt it the right way to do it? In
my experience, its just the opposite. This
integrative way of thinking is not obvious
and its hard to make it happen. Thinking in silos seems to come much more
naturally than thinking in a holistic and
integrated fashion.
It is so important to begin thinking about
all systems togetherbuilding envelope,
heating, cooling, ventilation, lighting,
daylight, water, the sitewhile the building
form is being created. If its not, one risks
losing a significant chunk of the benefits
of integrated design. Consultants who contribute ideas at the beginning of a project
rather than react to an architects design
will change their own discipline and the
mindset of everyone. This takes some courage among all partiesthe architect needs
to be able to let others help design the
building, and other consultants need to be
willing to provide significant input into the
building design before the form is finalized.
Ill never forget a presentation that I gave
together with the architect and mechanical
engineer regarding a project we had worked
on together. The architect lamented how
much work it had been to move a huge
team of consultants forward from the inception of the project to completion, while the
engineer, elated, noted that this was the first
time his ideas had ever been considered at
the beginning of a project and, for once, he
would be able to make a difference in its ultimate design. (All participants agreed that a
better building resulted from this practice.)
These stories illustrate the potential for
changing the mindset of a design team and
owner. Building design is important: Buildings can last longer than 100 years, and how
they use resources will affect not just the
original owner but society as a whole. However, I continue to ask myself: Am I doing
enough? Why arent all of my projects LEED
Platinum or Living Building Challenge?
STARTING AN INQUIRY, CREATING A

PARADIGM SHIFT
So, what would be enough? There are
undoubtedly a number of different or
overlapping ideas that could lead to answers. To uncover them, I would like to
start an inquiry.
Consider that to create a world where
all living beings have the resources to
sustain healthy, productive and abundant
lives, a paradigm shift, or a new context
for how we view the world, is required.
The following are a number of ideas:
1. As we consider how to make large

systemic changes, it would be a good
idea to first make use of the best ideas
currently available:
a. Implement well-understood energy efficiency strategies and develop a robust
renewable energy infrastructure. An
inspiring resource that looks at both
cutting-edge technologies and economic feasibility beyond energy cost savings is the Rocky Mountain Institutes
latest book called Reinventing Fire:
Bold Business Solutions for the New
Energy Era. (Lovins, 2011)
b. Build or renovate buildings to achieve
LEED Platinum or the requirements of
Living Building Challenge.
c. Certify every existing building under
LEED-EB: O+M.
If every building met one of these goals,
it would require a shift in mindset, but it
still would not be sufficient. So, what else
would help?
2. Develop new codes of conduct relative
to the use (against the misuse) of the
commons or the common good.
a. As an early step, the International
Green Construction Code (IgCC) is
ready for adoption. It will provide a
new green building baseline (code) for
everyone, allowing rating systems such
as LEED to become more ambitious
and potentially lead to restorative or
even regenerative practices.
b. Understand Hardins The Tragedy of
the Commons; create new codes of
conduct relative to doing no harm that
everyone, without exception, would
adhere to. These codes of conduct
would encompass all resources, would
not just affect buildings and should be
both local and global. Consider the following examples:
The unintended consequences
of agricultural practices which
affect long-term soil productivity, downstream health of water
systems and habitat, among others.
Also consider the health impacts of
fertilizers and herbicides, overuse
of (invisible) underground water
and jobs.
The unintended consequences
of cutting down a forest for lumber
when the forest provides more costeffective ecosystem services such
as erosion control, fish habitat and
clean water.
www.edcmag.com
39
3. Change the way that we value resources.

a. Understand the benefits and
value of ecosystem servicesresources that are supplied by natural
ecosystems, such as clean water,
productive soil, and forests that
sequester CO2 and prevent erosion.
b. Removing the current system of
subsidies and instituting a carbon
(or other) tax would immediately
change the way certain resources
are valued.
becomes the overall context for a newly

designed economic system. Consider that
growth cannot go on forever in a finite
ecosystem, and therefore in the long run
it is harmful.
CHANGING MINDSET
Changing mindset may be the first step
toward a paradigm shift. How can one
change ones own mindset, let alone
someone elses? As Albert Einstein said,
No problem can be solved from the same
level of consciousness that created it.
4. Understand that the economic system is a subsystem of the environment.

Human beings invented the economic
system. We did not invent the environment; the environment is the context in
which we live. How crazy is it that most
standard economic models treat the environment as an externality?
1. Understand that everything is connected

and interdependent. Consider nested systemshow each system is affected by and
affects adjacent systems (buildings, communities, neighborhoods, regions, etc.). The
building you are working on is affected by
much more than what you directly control.
5. The paradigm shift would occur when

we re-invent the economic system so that
growth is no longer the primary indicator
of a healthy system and the environment
2. Consider how one decision affects others. (How did subsidies for corn lead to
the use of high fructose corn syrup and an
obesity epidemic?)
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april.2013
3. Changing mindset can take a long

time. However, it can also happen
instantly and sometimes in surprising
ways: One of my neighbors, someone
who had been a staunch Republican,
surprised me one day. I was listening
to Joe Bidens Democratic convention
speech (in my cara driveway moment). She said, Oh, youre listening to
Bidenhavent there been a lot of great
speeches this week! I couldnt believe
my ears and asked her what happened.
She said that some professors had asked
her questions that got her to think of
herself in other peoples shoes.
4. Consider the Leavers and the Takers. (This concept is beautifully illustrated in Ishmael: An Adventure of the
Mind and Spirit.) (Quinn, 1995) Will the
takers (thats most of us) be able to leave
a healthy planet for future generations?
Now is the time for a paradigm shift.
There could be a fine balance between
moving too quickly and losing the marketplace, and not moving quickly enough
and losing the ecosystem that supports
human life. In order to achieve change,
both a paradigm shift and a mindset
shift will be required. Our society continues in the paradigm of the currently
unsustainable, consumption-oriented,
growth-reliant, short-term thinking
economic system which leads to the
massively unsustainable use of natural
resources. I believe that only by shifting
mindset, leading to a paradigm shift and
a new design of our economic system,
might we be able to create a world that
sustains the lives of all living beings for
the long-term future.
These thoughts are in my mind as
I continue to work on exciting green
building and LEED projects. I also want
you to know that I am not depressed
by the current state of affairsI view
it as a challenge and something we can
change. As Margaret Mead said, Never
doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the
world; indeed, its the only thing that
ever has.
If you have made it to the end of this
article, you also probably have strategies that you would like to see implemented. Lets continue the dialogue. edc
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BY DANIEL OVERBEY, AIA, LEED AP BD+C

DANIEL OVERBEY, AIA, LEED AP BD+C, IS THE DIRECTOR OF
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN PRACTICES FOR BROWNING DAY MULLINS
DIERDORF ARCHITECTS IN INDIANAPOLIS. HIS WORK FOCUSES ON
HIGH-PERFORMANCE BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION,
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DOVERBEY@BDMD.COM OR 317-635-5030.
The CBECS and Why Its Important

AFTER YEARS OF FINANCIAL SETBACKS, THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGYS NATIONAL
SAMPLE SURVEY OF COMMERCIAL BUILDING ENERGY USE COMMENCES.
April marks an important milestone for the high-performance building

community. After years of setbacks and
complications stemming from financial
strife, the U.S. Department of Energys
2012 Commercial Buildings Energy
Consumption Survey (CBECS) will begin
fielding data.
It has been 10 years since the last full
set of survey data. Considering the build-
42
edc
april.2013
ing design and construction industrys

current focus on performance data, not
to mention the leaps and bounds made
by green building standards over the past
decade, the CBECS could not have come
at a better time.
The CBECS is akin to a national census of building performance. The U.S.
DOEs Energy Information Administration (EIA) develops a frameor listof
all commercial buildings in the country.

The EIA surveys thousands of those
buildings throughout the country using
a validated methodology. These buildings constitute a statistical sample that
is designed to represent all 4.9 million
commercial buildings in the U.S. The
CBECS provides the green building community with a vital dataset that serves
as the benchmarking backbone for the
The New Standards For Sustainability?
Were Already There.

INSULATING CONCRETE FORMS
ACCORDING TO THE EIA,
Trinka Davis Veterans Village

Carollton, GA 74,000 sq feet
5,000 13" ICFs LEED Gold
THE PUBLIC CAN EXPECT

DATA FROM THE 2012
CBECS TO BE RELEASED IN
THE SPRING 2014.
ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager, LEED, the 2030 Challenge

and various energy modeling tools.
The size and scope of the CBECS makes it unique among
other datasets. Moreover, it is unlikely that anyone from the
private sector would undertake a comparatively vast effort
anytime soon. This leaves the CBECS as a one-of-a-kind dataset
that provides invaluable information to the built environment.
But if it is so important, why hasnt the survey been updated
since 2003?
Dating back to 1979, the CBECS is typically carried out
every four years. Despite rising costs to carry out subsequent
surveys, the U.S. DOEs budget has always been able to support
the CBECSthat is until (you guessed it) 2008.
Like everyone else, the EIA was under budgetary constraints
in 2008. In order to salvage the 2007 CBECS, the EIA allowed a
contractor to pursue some cost-saving measures that amounted
to an experimental sampling that the EIA ultimately could not
validate. Consequently, most of the dataset will not be released.
The 2011 CBECS was also thwarted by financial hurdles. The
final fiscal year (FY) 2011 federal budget slashed the EIAs budget
by $15.2 milliona 14 percent reduction from the FY 2010 budget.
Among other concessions, the EIA hesitantly decided to suspend
the nations only statistical data source for energy consumption
characteristics of the entire commercial building sector.
Despite the financial struggles of recent years, the EIA is
commencing with the CBECS in 2013, with 2012 as the reference year. The 2012 CBECS will expand its sample size from
5,215 to 8,400 completed commercial building surveys. Making
good on an initiative starting with the 2007 iteration, the 2012
CBECS will also survey about water consumption and characteristics. According to the EIA, the public can expect data from
the 2012 CBECS to be released in the spring 2014.
The CBECS is an essential tool for energy and water
performance benchmarking and we should all be thankful
that arms of the federal government beyond the DOE are
acknowledging its value amidst times of financial trepidation.
The CBECS is the only dataset of its kind. And without incremental updates, it will be impossible for us to truly gauge
just how far the green building movement has come and how
much farther it still needs to go. edc
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Julep
Techno Green
Caribbean
Vibe
CrispinBlu
Beyond
Midnight
Moonray
Haystack
V-8
Changes
Sweet
Cocoa
Brooding
The Color Roadmap: Yo

43A
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april.2013
Split Pea
Nemo
Georgian
Blue
Tanzanista
Dijon
Luscious
Statement
Velvet
Rose
Rich Brew
Whisper
NeoGeo
Metallica
our Palette for Success

www.edcmag.com
43B
These colors aim to dominate

the floorcovering market.
BY ANNETTE CALLARI, ASID
Color enriches and

influences every aspect of our
lives; from what we wear to
the environments we create.
Of course, floorcovering is an
integral foundation for our
environments, and the right
colors are critical. The connection between colors we
choose to live with and where
we live is hardwired and
always evolvingbut with
deep-rooted influences.
It is timely, then, that
Color Marketing Group has
adopted a new methodology of developing its color
forecasts. CMG now holds
regional ChromaZone meetings in key metropolitan
areas across the country
throughout the year. Designers and color professionals
analyze color directions for
their part of the country,
and based on that collective,
nationwide information, the
final forecast is derived and
announced at CMGs annual
summit meeting.
The floorcovering industry knows how valuable this
forecast is in determining its
palettes for 2013 and 2014,
because they were well represented in Miami in October
2012. Among the contributing
color professionals present
were representatives from
Mohawk Flooring, J & J Industries, Mannington/Amtico,
DalTile, Bigelow Commercial
Carpets, Centiva, Congoleum,
Shaw Industries, Johnsonite
and Beaulieu.
The actual names and color
formulas generated by CMG
are proprietary to members
43C
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april.2013
light of the day. Tactility will

be even more importanthigh
texture with a natural look,
and luxurious softness.
CONTEMPORARY
MINIMALISM
Design has been moving
toward a less is more concept for several years now.
An austere world economy
has moved this to a macrotrend for 2013-2014. We will
continue to design around
what we need rather than
clutter our interiors with
useless things. Simplificationbut with the introduction of even more high-tech
comfortswill influence our
environments. Ease of maintenance goes along with this
trend, and manufacturers of
all flooring types will consider
this a priority in their product
development.
NEXT NATURE
only, so I have built a comparable reference palette that

will give you accurate insights
as to the emerging colors.
Lets talk about the macrotrends that helped forge the
color directions for the next
two years:
NEO-GEO
There is a radical change in
how we view the physical
world. Earth has evolved
from clean dirt and miner-
als to a stratified mix that

now includes bits of plastics,
trash and shards of glass.
Prints and patterns for carpets will pick up on this new
geology concept.
Look for patterns that
simulate colorful geodes and
stone-like patterns. Contemporary versions will emerge
reflecting neo-geo. Yarns with
varying luster levels will be
combined for interest and colors seem to change with the
The floorcovering industry

has done a great job of interpreting patterns (example:
organic, botanical, aqueous)
from nature into carpetboth
broadloom and carpet tiles.
Porcelain tile manufacturers
have done the same.
Now, enter next nature
patterns that reflect a new
rendered reality. Natural
and virtual will combine to
produce fresh new versions
of nature. Pixelization, cubed
and triangular shapes that
look as if they have jumped
off a computer screen, will
all be interpreted into soft
surfaces. Gradiant tones of
color (ombre effects) within
one carpet or area rug will be available. Tile will also employ
these new color techniques. Vibrant colors will be interpreted
into luxury vinyl tile with mix-and-match capabilities, especially
useful for contract work (healthcare, education, hospitality).
PAST MEETS PRESENT

Nostalgic times are looking pretty good to all of us right now.
Colors from mid-century are optimistic, and these colors are
strongly incorporated in the forecasted palette. Art Deco influences helped shape the new colors as well. In certain regions of
the country, colors with historical importance found their way
into the palette. These colors from the past bring with them associations of optimism, stability and comfort.
SUSTAINA-BLUE
Just about every region in the country agreed that America is
pretty greened-out. Greens have dominated the palette for the
last five years and we are ready for change. Two years ago, CMG
predicted that blues would be the new flag-bearer for sustainability, and that has become reality. Even the new greens are touched
with blue. Sustainability in design is more important than ever.
Reuse, re-claim, re-share, repurpose: This is the mantra for the
remainder of the decade.
See how these trends brought about the projected colors that
earned a place in the new palette for 2013 and 2014:
GREENS AND BLUE-GREENS

Julep: Mint Juleps on a hot summers day reflect this cool
green that has Art Deco roots.
Techno Green: A mid-toned green that works for interiors
or exteriors.
Caribbean: A perfect balance of deep green touched by blue.
Area rugs will capture this color.
YELLOW-GREENS
Vibe: Bright and optimistic, this green is a new version of lime
and a bit acidic.
Split Pea: Still keeps green on the light side with this
mid-toned color.
BLUES
Nemo: A velvety blue with enough clarity to keep it lively.
Georgian Blue: Definitely a past meets present color drawn
from colonial times. A favorite color-to-be, especially in the
Northeast.
Tanzanista: This gem-like blue captures the essence of tanzanite.
Blue kissed with purple.
CrispinBlu: A deep, thoughtful blue that is peaceful and pairs
beautifully with white.
Beyond Midnight: Black has been replaced by this color. Its
less stark than pure black and also more interesting.
REDS
Luscious: Pinks and reds are important and well-represented for
the next two years. They reflect health and well-being. Luscious
has pink undertones and lightens red to a livable interior color.
Statement: Lipstick red and interiors can wear it with confidence. A great accent color.
Velvet Rose: Picture a freshly painted New England barn
trimmed in crisp white.
V-8: Orange is not gone, but reconfigured wearing a coat of red.
WARM NEUTRALS
Changes: This is the color youve been waiting for, a complex
mid-toned neutral that harmonizes with just about everything.
Every floorcovering type will pick up on this color because it is
timeless and easy to live with.
Sweet Cocoa: Just as it sounds, its a rich, but neutral, brown.
Brooding: Another alternative to black, Brooding is deep and
grounded, but with a touch of brown.
Rich Brew: Even darker than Brooding, black has some new
competition.
COOL NEUTRALS
Whisper: Grey is stepping back from its current huge presence
in interiors. But Whisper represents grey well, with a whisper
undertone of soft green.
NeoGeo: Not black, not grey, not green, its a blend of all three
producing a chameleon color that is mineral-like.
METALLIC
Metallica: We are ready for a new metal color that hasnt been
overdone. Metallica is a hybrid that defies an accurate label.
Picture bubbling champagne that is a no-color color. Special
finishes with color flecks will give it glimmer and substance.
Carpet manufacturers will enjoy playing with this color and
varying luster levels. Tile and LVT manufacturers will love it as
well.
Since these are emerging colors, you will see some new product
introductions wearing these hues in the very near future. Its exciting to watch colors of the future come to life before your eyes.
Most of these colors wont appear until later in the new year
or into 2014, but they are on the way. The forecast colors bring
energy and a message of new beginnings to interiors. The new
color harmonies that can be created are a break-away from what
weve seen the last few years. The muted, grayed-down colors are
waning and making way for crisp, clean hues.
Its all about new beginnings and colors will be our roadmap to
the future. edc
ANNETTE CALLARI IS AN INTERIOR DESIGN AND COLOR EXPERT WITH MORE THAN 24 YEARS OF
RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL DESIGN EXPERIENCE. SHE CURRENTLY SERVES AS SALES SPECIALIST FOR AMTICO INTERNATIONAL IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, WORKING WITH ARCHITECTS,
YELLOWS
Moonray: A true neutral, this is a warm beige with a miniscule
touch of green.
Haystack: Natural, warm and golden in tone with a slight
undertone of orange.
Dijon: Yellow goes deep with this hue. The color of pure egg
yolks, its definitely one of the optimistic colors.
DESIGNERS AND KEY RETAILERS. SHE IS AN ALLIED DESIGNER WITH THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF
INTERIOR DESIGNERS, CHAIR HOLDER FOR COLOR MARKETING GROUP INTERNATIONAL AND
HAS AUTHORED NUMEROUS ARTICLES ON COLOR AND DESIGN TRENDS. SHE CAN BE REACHED
AT ANNETTE.CALLARI@AMTICO.COM.
www.edcmag.com
43D
BY SELINA HOLMES
LEED
SELINA HOLMES IS LEED MARKETING MANAGER FOR USGBC.
LEED v4: Built to Perform

LEED v4 IS BUILT TO ENSURE THAT CERTIFIED BUILDINGS IMPLEMENT THE MOST IMPORTANT
STRATEGIES THAT TRANSLATE TO HIGH LEVELS OF PERFORMANCE.
Does LEED make a difference? Is

it contributing to a better world? Is it
involved in making a great world?
These were some of the questions
that Scot Horst, senior vice president for
LEED at the U.S. Green Building Council
(USGBC), asked during sessions he led
on performance at the 2012 Greenbuild
conference in San Francisco.
While you might think that USGBCs
highest executive for LEED would quickly
answer, Yes, of course, to all of these
questions, Horst had a different take.
44
edc
I dont think we know, Horst said. We

know were busy. Weve got almost 50,000
LEED projects, or almost nine billion
square feet, he said, referring to registered LEED projects. Weve been certifying 1.5 million square feet every single day
since January 2010. We are busy. But how
do we know were making a difference?
While Horst and USGBC are busy with
initiatives to follow up with certified
LEED projects and ensure their high ongoing performance relative to environmental
and energy goals, LEED v4 will seamlessly
Scot Horst at Greenbuild 2012 in San Francisco. Image by Oscar Einzig

april.2013
translate required LEED strategies to measurable improvements in outcomes.
A WEIGHTING GAME: REWARDS FOR

LEED CREDITS THAT MATTER MOST
Every point on LEEDs scale of zero to
100 brings a building to higher levels of
achievement, market recognition and
often financial rewardsso, USGBC has
a serious responsibility to make those
points meaningful. To put it another way,
points are the currency of LEED. Does
this currency value what matters?
LEED 2009, which introduced the 100-point scale (with 10

bonus points available), used Tool for Reduction and Assessment
of Chemical and Other Environmental Impacts (TRACI) Impact
Categories from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
to inform point allocations. These refer to impacts such as ozone
depletion, smog formation, eco-toxicity and global warming. They
characterize negative impacts from constructing and operating
buildings that wed like to avoid.
Although the LEED 2009 weightings process resulted in some
changes that many view as positive, such as increased emphasis
on alternative commuting, USGBC wanted to use a different kind
of tool in developing LEED v4one that is more focused on the
missions of LEED and USGBC. After all, the green building movement should be about doing more good not less bad.
For LEED v4, USGBC started by developing its own impact
categories:
Reverse contribution to global climate change
Enhance individual human health and well-being
Protect and restore water resources
Protect, enhance and restore biodiversity and
ecosystem services
Promote sustainable and regenerative material
resources cycles
Build a greener economy
Enhance social equity, environmental justice,
community health and quality of life
Next, the LEED Steering Committee, an integrated group of experienced industry volunteers and USGBC staff, gave relative weights
to these categories, as well as better defined them with specific
strategies. As Chrissy Macken, assistant project manager of LEED v4
at USGBC, described it, If it is a large-scale global problem where
the built environment is a big part of the problem, and can be a big
part of the solution, then it gets weighted heavily. For example,
climate change is a global problem to which the built environment
contributes heavily, and we know it can contribute to solutions, so
that category was weighted most heavily in this exercise.
Adam Rohloff, senior analyst with Altura, worked on the
weightings exercise, and he points out that these impact categories also suggest directions LEED could take in the future. With
the newer impact categories like green economy and enhancing
community, its important to put them on the map, he says. But if
we were to overstress those impact categories, it would take away
from what LEED can accomplish right now. Rohloff and others
at USGBC hope that emerging tools and strategies for these issues
will better define how LEED projects can contribute to them in
the future.
With these categories established, USGBC built a database of
associations between LEED credit options and impact category
goals. If a credit is good at helping meet a specific goal, if its effects have a long duration, and if the controllability of the effect
is relatively robust, then a stronger association is formed.
Before finalizing credit weightings, USGBC also laid out a few
ground rules:
LEED is a 100-point system.
No credit is worth less than one point.
Fractional values are rounded to the nearest whole point.
With the database and weightings established, it was a matter
of crunching numbers to determine how many points each LEED
This screen from USGBCs weightings database shows the completed

association between the LEED v4 Site Assessment credit and the
Protection and Restoration of Water Regimes and Natural Hydrological
Cycles impact category. In this case, it was determined that achieving the
Site Assessment LEED credit had a medium level of relative efficacy in
protecting water regimes and natural hydrological cycles. The duration of
this impact was set to 30+ years because the project site itself will typically
change very little once developed. Finally, it was considered a passive
measure, because once developed, the site will wont necessarily need active
engagement to remain effective.
IMAGE COURTESY OF USGBC
v4 credit should get. The weightings are now established, pending member approval this summer during the ballot period, but
the tool could always be taken further. Its tempting to use it on
innovations like regionalizing weightings based on specific priorities, but those ideasand the database to support themwill be
ready for future versions of LEED.
FROM CREDIT ACHIEVEMENT TO BUILDING

PERFORMANCE
Call it the Empty Bike Rack problem. Or the Flushing the Low
Flow Toilet Twice problem. Or the problem of the New Green
Interior Space that gives occupants headaches.
Whatever you call it, its about the disconnect that can occur
between achieving a LEED credit and actually fulfilling its intent.
While LEED has historically relied on project teams to choose
the most appropriate credits for the given projectand on facility owners, managers and occupants to follow through on the
promise of those creditslapses and mismatches do occur.
USGBC is learning from experience by creating stronger ties
between LEED v4 credits and their performance outcomes, and
by offering greater rewards for credit options that do this better.
The biggest moves are within LEED v4 for Building Design + Construction (BD+C), which makes the performance connection with
several new requirements, including a water metering prerequisite
and an energy metering prerequisite and creditsetting up systems
that will allow tracking to ensure that buildings meet expectations.
One of the most significant changes to the design and construction process, however, could be the result of a building enclosure
www.edcmag.com
45
SAMPLE LEED-EB: O+M v4 ESTABLISHMENT AND PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

Credit
Establishment Requirement
Alternative Transportation
(115 points)
Conduct an occupant survey of transportation

patterns, then demonstrate a reduction in
conventional single-occupant vehicle trips, or
implement an alternative transportation program
Site Management Policy

(Prerequisite)
Implement a site management policy that

employs best management practices to reduce
harmful chemical use, energy waste, water waste,
None
air pollution, solid waste, and/or chemical runoff
for all of the following operational elements on
the building and grounds
Site Management (1 point)
None beyond the prerequisite
Meet site management performance

thresholds, such as 100 percent diversion of
plant waste
Indoor Water Use Reduction

(Prerequisite)
Reduce fixture consumption to required baseline,

implement fixture replacement policy
Confirm that calculations are up to date,

and that recent purchases meet policy
requirements
Indoor Water Use Reduction

Prescriptive Path (25 points)
Same as prerequisite, with more demanding

thresholds
Minimum Energy
Performance (Prerequisite)
Calibrate meters
Meter energy use and achieve efficiency

targets every 12 months, e.g. ENERGY STAR
score of 75 or better
Optimize Energy Performance

(120 points)
Same as prerequisitedemonstrate efficiency

beyond a basic threshold
Ongoing Purchasing and

Waste Policy (Prerequisite)
Put in place environmentally preferable

purchasing policy; establish recycling storage
locations; conduct waste stream audit; put in
place solid waste management policy
Earn the Solid Waste Management credit, or

conduct an annual waste stream audit
PurchasingOngoing
(12 points)
Purchase at least 60 percent ongoing

consumables meeting sustainability criteria,
and 40 percent electric-powered equipment
commissioning option in the Enhanced

Commissioning credit. Worth two points,
this option rewards projects that commission the thermal envelope. Why is this
worth the trouble? In short, the building
enclosure starts as a design incorporating
thousands of details and is built onsite
with hundreds of materials manually
installed. It can and will go wrongwith
air barriers lacking continuity, moisturecontrol details missed and morebut the
commissioning process gives a greater
likelihood that expected and actual performance will align.
Those bike racks are also a good example: while LEED v4 for BD+C contains
familiar requirements for bike racks and
changing facilities, it adds a new requirement for Bicycle Networks. At least one
46
Performance Requirement
edc
april.2013
Conduct a transportation survey at least once

every five years
of the following must be within a threemile bicycling distance from the project:
At least 10 retail, service or
community facilities
A school or employment center (if
the project is mostly residential)
A mass transit stop
In the same way, the Low-Emitting Interiors credit shifts the focus to the interior
space and how the entire assembly of materials meets thresholds for low emissions,
rather than focusing on single products.
Depending on how many points they want
to achieve, designers will have to look at
entire flooring, ceiling, wall, insulation,
furniture and exterior applications, and
use 100 percentor close to 100 percent
in some casescompliant products.
You dont get any savings from a lowflush toilet that has to be flushed twice to
do its duty, so the U.S. EPA has adopted
MaP, or Maximum Performance, testing
along with regulating flush volumes for
high-efficiency toilets carrying its WaterSense label. Accordingly, toilets meeting
LEED v4s prerequisite for Indoor Water
Use Reduction will not only have to flush
with 1.6 gpf or less, but will also have to
evacuate 350 grams of solid waste per
flush under the MaP protocol.
Another example of LEED v4 getting
it right with performance is in the Indoor
Air Quality Assessment credit, which now
awards two points for indoor air quality
testing prior to occupancy and just one
point for flush-out of air prior to occupancy. In previous versions of LEED, these
THE LOW-EMITTING INTERIORS

CREDIT SHIFTS THE FOCUS TO THE
INTERIOR SPACE AND HOW THE ENTIRE
ASSEMBLY OF MATERIALS MEETS
THRESHOLDS FOR LOW EMISSIONS.
two options have been weighted equally, even though testing

provides proof of low contaminant levels while the flush-out can
consume a lot of energy and act only as a Band-Aid for air quality problems.
A SOUND FOOTING: LEED-EB: O+M BUILDS FROM

ESTABLISHMENT TO PERFORMANCE
Prerequisites and credits in LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations + Maintenance (LEED-EB: O+M) v4 now have an Establishment component and a Performance component written into the
requirements.
A longstanding component of LEED-EB: O+M certification has
been the performance periodthats the time, usually three to
12 months depending on the credit, during which the results of
LEED credit strategies are measured and documented.
The LEED v4 approach (and recertification guidance recently
released by USGBC for LEED 2009see next page) introduces
the parallel concept of the establishment period, the time
when building infrastructure is assessed, policies are drafted,
and programs and processes are put in place to enable ongoing
performance measurement.
Each LEED v4 prerequisite and credit gives Establishment and
Performance requirements (see previous page). The Establishment portion specifies the foundation that projects will rely on for
the duration of credit compliancefor example, developing and
putting in place an environmentally preferable purchasing (EPP)
policy for products purchased during regular operations of the
buildinga requirement under the Ongoing Purchasing and Waste
Policy prerequisite.
Under the Performance portion, project teams will need to
show some evidence of an activity or ongoing tracking that
shows alignment with the credit intent and Establishment
activities. For example, in the same prerequisite, the Performance requirement is to maintain a solid waste management
program by achieving the Materials and Resources Credit Solid
Waste ManagementOngoing credit, or by conducting a waste
stream audit of consumables once a year.
In credits that rely on a survey or assessment as part of the
Establishment requirements, the Performance requirement will
usually be to repeat that survey periodically. Thats the case
with Alternative Transportation where the requirement is to
survey occupants on transportation patterns, with the survey
repeated at least every five years.
This establishment and performance approach is meant to help
organize LEED project activitiesmaking what project teams
need to focus on and what theyll be required to do clearer.
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Dan Ackerstein, principal of Ackerstein Sustainability and an

experienced LEED-EB: O+M consultant, applauds the change
as One more clear signal to the marketplace that this tool is
about ongoing performance. Ackerstein says that it hasnt
always been clear that the things that were asking for you to
do are things that were going to need you to do in perpetuity.
The new structure not only makes this point easier to see, but it
also sets clear parameters for recertificationthe revisiting of
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april.2013
A special feature of LEED-EB: O+M certification is that it comes

with an expiration date. Since the certification is all about ongoing performance, project buildings have been required to seek
recertification every five years to demonstrate that environmental policies are being maintained or improved upon.
USGBC recently released clear and specific guidelines for
exactly how projects are supposed to do that, and it is embodying those guidelines in the LEED v4 rating system, both in the
credit language and in LEED Online tools.
In the credit language, LEED v4 separates requirements into
Establishment and Performance sections (see page 46), so that
project teams are clear which requirements they will have to
revisit when its time to recertify. As in the past with performance periods, the Performance requirements will require
documentation of ongoing project performance; projects wont
have to re-document static environmental features.
LEED Online will support recertification with specific forms
that projects can access within the projects original certification on LEED Online, rather than starting from scratch.
Although projects will need to recertify under the most current version of the LEED-EB: O+M rating system (for example,
moving from LEED v2009 to LEED v4 once the newer system is
in place and required), USGBC will provide guidance and tools
to bring projects up to speed with the newer systems.
Recertification projects will have to provide documentation
covering the most recent 25 percent of the period they are recertifying. For example, if recertifying within four years, theyll
need to have one year of data; if recertifying after one year,
theyll need three months of data. A new LEED plaque with a
new date awaits project teams earning recertification.
Jenny Carney, a principal with YR&G, and a LEED-EB: O+M
consultant, says that between the separation of Establishment
and Performance requirements and the new recertification
structure, There really is an opportunity to set up a platform
for recertification that makes a lot of sense. Establishment
will be consistent over time, and what you presumably would
have to deal with in terms of ongoing tracking is just in the
performance area.
Dan Ackerstein, who says he has been debating with fellow
LEED-EB: O+M professionals for at least five years about
how recertification should work, says that in his review of
the guidance, USGBC has done a good job balancing the
needs of the program and the realities of building ownership.
The message he sees USGBC communicating through in the
guidance document is: We want to help. edc
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ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN + CONSTRUCTION Volume 16, Issue 4 (ISSN 1095-8932)

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BUILDING
OUR MEMBERS are leading a movement that will create 7.9 million jobs and add $554 million to the economy annually.
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