13 - Functions and Function Blocks

Functions and Function Blocks
SIMATIC S7
Siemens AG 2006. All rights reserved.
Date:
File:
2/8/2012
PRO1_11E.1
SITRAIN Training for

Automation and Industrial Solutions
Objectives
Upon completion of this chapter the participant will ...
SIMATIC S7
be familiar with the purpose of temporary variables
...
be able to program parameter-assignable functions and their calls
...
know the difference between functions (FCs) and function blocks

(FBs)
...
be familiar with the purpose of static variables
...
be able to declare static variables and apply them in the program
...
be able to program parameter-assignable function blocks and call

them
Date:
File:
2/8/2012
PRO1_11E.2

Variables Overview
Global Variables / Data

(valid in the entire program)
Local Variables / Data

(only valid in one block)
Temporary Variables
Static Variables
are retained even after the
block is executed
M/T/C
are overwritten with undefined

values after the associated
block is executed
DB areas
temporary storage in L stack
PII / PIQ
I / O Peripherals
permanent storage in DBs

can be used in FBs only
usable in OBs / FCs / FBs
absolute
symbolic
Access
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/8/2012
PRO1_11E.3

Temporary Variables
Declaration
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/8/2012
PRO1_11E.4

Total Usage of the Local Data Stack

Operating
system
1
OB 1
FC 17
2
with temp.
variables
Result
FC 20
with temp.
variables
FC 30
with temp.
variables
FC30
FC20
OB1
SIMATIC S7
256 Bytes
Usage of
the L stack
FC17
FC17
FC17
FC17
FC17
OB1
OB1
OB1
OB1
OB1
Date:
File:
2/8/2012
PRO1_11E.5
OB1

Example for a Fault Display

Task
Fault_Signal
Acknowledge
Stored_Fault
Display
Solution Suggestion
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/8/2012
PRO1_11E.6

Parameter-assignable Blocks
Solution with
non-parameterassignable block
Solution with parameter-assignable block

Program in FC 20
Call of FC 20 (e.g. in OB 1)
FC 20
1.1
#Fault_Signal
FP
M 17.2
FP #Edge_Memory
M 17.1
I 1.1
Fault_
Signal
#Stored_Fault
I 1.0
Acknowledge Display
#Acknowledge
M 10.3
Flash_Freq.
M 17.1
#Stored_Fault
M 17.1
M 17.1
#Stored_Fault
Stored_
Fault
M 10.3
#Flash_Freq.
M 17.2
Edge_
Memory
1.0
Q 5.1
AN
M 17.1
AN #Stored_Fault
1.1
#Fault_Signal
Q 5.1
#Display
SIMATIC S7
Formal parameters
Actual parameters
Date:
File:
2/8/2012
PRO1_11E.7

Declaring Formal Parameters
Type of Parameter
Declaration
Use
Graphic Display
Input parameter
Output parameter
in
out
Read only
Write only
To the left of the block box

To the right of the block box
In/Out parameter
In_out
Read / Write
To the left of the block box
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/8/2012
PRO1_11E.8

Editing a Parameter-assignable Block
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/8/2012
PRO1_11E.9

Calling a Parameter-assignable Block
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/8/2012
PRO1_11E.10

Exercise 1: Editing the Parameter-assignable Function FC 20
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/8/2012
PRO1_11E.11

Exercise 2: Calling the Parameter-assignable Function FC 20
DI
DO
L_SYSTEM
I 1.0
T_Ackn_Fault
I 1.1
I 1.2
S_Fault1
S_Fault2
SIMATIC S7
Q 4.1
L_MAN
Q 4.2
L_AUTO
Q 4.3
L_Conv_
Fault
L_Fault1
Q 5.1
L_Fault2
Q 5.2
Date:
File:
2/8/2012
PRO1_11E.12

Function Blocks (FB)
Declaration Table
of the
Function Block
Call of
function block
such as in OB1
DB 2
FB 20
EN
Fault_Signal
Acknowledge
Display
Flash_frequency
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/8/2012
PRO1_11E.13
ENO

Function Block for Fault Display
Declaration Table
of the
Function Block
Instance
Data Block
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/8/2012
PRO1_11E.14

Generating Instance Data Blocks

1. Generate instance DB with FB call
2. Create new instance DB
In the LAD / FBD / STL Editor
SIMATIC S7
In the SIMATIC Manager
Date:
File:
2/8/2012
PRO1_11E.15

Exercise 3: Editing the Parameter-assignable Function Block FB 20
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/8/2012
PRO1_11E.16

Exercise 4: Calling the Parameter-assignable Function Block FB 20
DI
DO
I 1.0
T_Ackn_Fault
I 1.1
I 1.2
I 1.3
I 1.4
S_Fault1
S_Fault2
S_Fault3
S_Fault4
SIMATIC S7
L_SYSTEM
Q 4.1
L_MAN
Q 4.2
L_AUTO
Q 4.3
L_Conv_
Fault
L_Fault1
Q 5.1
L_Fault2
L_Fault3
L_Fault4
Q 5.2
Q 5.3
Q 5.4
Date:
File:
2/8/2012
PRO1_11E.17

Inserting / Deleting Block Parameters Later On
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/8/2012
PRO1_11E.18

Checking the Block Consistency
Block inconsistency
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/8/2012
PRO1_11E.19

Corrections when Calling Modified Blocks
Once with the right
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/8/2012
PRO1_11E.20

Using the EN and ENO Output

LAD/FBD
STL
FC 1
Unconditional call
Conditional call
...
EN
ENO
Q5.0
FC 1
EN
ENO
I 0.1
=
_001:
Example
ADD_I
...
SIMATIC S7
EN
MUL_I
ENO
EN
Date:
File:
ENO
2/8/2012
PRO1_11E.21
CALL
NOP 0
FC
A
JNB
CALL
A
=
I
_001
FC
BR
Q
0.1
DIV_I
EN
ENO
1
5.0
Q 5.1
=

Summary: Block Calls

FC
Language
STL
FB
without parameters
with parameters
CALL FC1
UC FC1
CC FC1
CALL FC2
Par1: ...
Par2: ...
Par3: ...
w/o parm., w/o stat var.
UC FB1
CC FB1
with parm., and/or stat var
CALL FB2, DB3

Par1: ...
Par2: ...
Par3: ...
FC1
( CALL )
LAD
FC2
FC1
EN
DB3
FB2
ENO
EN
not available
ENO
Par1
Par2
EN
Par1
Par3
Par2
FC1
CALL
FBD
EN
EN
Par3
DB3
FC2
FC1
ENO
FB2
Par3
not available
Par1
Par2
EN
Par1
Par3
ENO
Par2
ENO
ENO
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/8/2012
PRO1_11E.22

Exercise 5: Recognizing Operand Types
Statement
L
L
T
L
T
T
Global
Local
Absolute
Symbolic
Static
Parameter
#Number_1
#Number_2
#Maximum_value
Number_1"
MW 40
MW 40
#Number_2
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/8/2012
PRO1_11E.23

If You Want to Know More
SIMATIC S7
Date:
File:
2/8/2012
PRO1_11E.24

Comparison of Functions and Function Blocks

Program execution
CALL FC 10
On_1 :=
On_2 :=
Off
:=
I 0.1
I 0.2
Q 8.0
CALL FB5, DB5

Start
:=I 0.0
Stop
:=I 0.1
Motor_on
:=Q8.0
Speed
:=QW12
in
in
out
...
...
A
A
=
...
0.0
0.1
2.0
4.0
FB 5
FC10
On_1
On_2
Off
BOOL
BOOL
BOOL
in
Start
in
Stop
out Motor_on
out Speed
stat ...
Temp...
#On_1
#On_2
#Off
SIMATIC S7
...
A
AN
=
...
Date:
File:
2/8/2012
PRO1_11E.25
DB 5
Start
Stop
Motor_on
Speed
BOOL
BOOL
BOOL
INT
Drive
BOOL
BOOL
BOOL
INT
#Start
#Stop
#Motor_on


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Functions and Function Blocks

SITRAIN Training for

be familiar with the purpose of temporary variables

be able to program parameter-assignable functions and their calls

know the difference between functions (FCs) and function blocks

be familiar with the purpose of static variables

be able to declare static variables and apply them in the program

be able to program parameter-assignable function blocks and call

SITRAIN Training for

Global Variables / Data

Local Variables / Data

are overwritten with undefined

temporary storage in L stack

permanent storage in DBs

usable in OBs / FCs / FBs

SITRAIN Training for

SITRAIN Training for

Total Usage of the Local Data Stack

SITRAIN Training for

Example for a Fault Display

SITRAIN Training for

Solution with parameter-assignable block

SITRAIN Training for

Declaring Formal Parameters

To the left of the block box

To the left of the block box

SITRAIN Training for

Editing a Parameter-assignable Block

SITRAIN Training for

Calling a Parameter-assignable Block

SITRAIN Training for

Exercise 1: Editing the Parameter-assignable Function FC 20

SITRAIN Training for

Exercise 2: Calling the Parameter-assignable Function FC 20

SITRAIN Training for

Function Blocks (FB)

SITRAIN Training for

Function Block for Fault Display

SITRAIN Training for

Generating Instance Data Blocks

2. Create new instance DB

In the LAD / FBD / STL Editor

In the SIMATIC Manager

SITRAIN Training for

Exercise 3: Editing the Parameter-assignable Function Block FB 20

SITRAIN Training for

Exercise 4: Calling the Parameter-assignable Function Block FB 20

SITRAIN Training for

Inserting / Deleting Block Parameters Later On

SITRAIN Training for

Checking the Block Consistency

SITRAIN Training for

Corrections when Calling Modified Blocks

Once with the right

SITRAIN Training for

Using the EN and ENO Output

SITRAIN Training for

Summary: Block Calls

w/o parm., w/o stat var.

with parm., and/or stat var

CALL FB2, DB3

SITRAIN Training for

Exercise 5: Recognizing Operand Types