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KidsMath
GlossaryandTerms:FiguresandShapes
FormoredetailedinformationanddiagramsonspecificshapesseethePolygons,Quadrilaterals,Triangles,
PythagoreanTheorem,Circle,Perimeter,andSurfaceAreapages.
ArcAportionofthecircumferenceofacircle.
BaseThebottomlineofashape.
CenterInacircle,thecenteristhepointthatisthesamedistancefromallpointsonthecircumference.
ChordAnylinethatconnectstwopointsonthecircumferenceofacircle.
CircleAsimpleshapemadeupofallthepointsonaplanethatarethesamedistancefromasinglepoint.
CircumferenceTheperimeterofacircleorthedistancearoundtheoutsideofacircle.
ClosedfigureAnyfigurethathasthesamestartandendpointisaclosedfigure.
ConcentricObjectswiththesamecenterareconsideredconcentric.
ConeAthreedimensionalobjectthathasaflatcircularbasethattaperstoasinglepoint.
CongruentFiguresaresaidtobecongruentiftheyhavethesameshapeandsize.
CubeAcubeisathreedimensionalobjectboundbysixidenticalsquares.
CylinderAcylinderisathreedimensionalobjectwithtwoparallelbases(whichareusuallycircles)connected
byacurvedsurface.
DiameterAlinesegmentthatpassesthroughthecenterofacirclewitheachendpointbeingonthe

circumference.
EllipseAnellipseisaclosedcurvewherethedistancefromtwofixedpointstoanypointonthecurveaddto
thesameconstant.Thecircleisaspecialtypeofellipse.
EquiangularWhenallanglesinsideapolygonarethesame,itissaidtobeequiangular.Asquareandan
equilateraltriangleareequiangular.
FaceOnesideorplaneofathreedimensionalobject.
HypotenuseThelongestsideofarighttriangle.Itisthesideoppositefromtherightangle.
IrregularpolygonApolygonwithsidesofalldifferentlengthsandanglesofalldifferentdegrees.
OpenfigureAtwodimensionalobjectthatisnotclosed.
ParallelogramAquadrilateralwithtwosetsofparallelsides.Oppositesidesarethesamelengthandopposite
anglesareequalinaparallelogram.
PerimeterThedistancearoundtheoutsideofatwodimensionalfigure.
PiAspecialconstantnumberusedforfiguringthecircumferenceanddiameterofacircle.Itgoesonforeverbut
canbeshortenedto3.14159.
PolygonAclosedfiguremadeupofstraightlines.Polygonswithdifferentnumbersofsideshavetheirown
names.Seethepolygonpageformoreonpolygons.
PolyhedronAthreedimensionalobjectcomposedofflatfacesandstraightlines.
PrismAthreedimensionalobjectwithendsthatareparallelandcongruentaswellassidesthatare
parallelograms.
PythagoreantheoremAformulausedtocalculatethelengthofthesidesinarighttriangle.Itisa2+b2=c2
whereaandbaretwosidesoftherighttriangleandcisthehypotenuse.
RadiusAlinesegmentfromthecenterofacircletotheoutsideborder.
RectangleAquadrilateral,orfoursidedpolygon,withfourrightangles.
RegularpolygonApolygonwhereallofthesideshavethesamelengthandalloftheanglesareequalin
measure.
RhomboidArhomboidisaparallelogramwheretheadjacentsidesarenotequal.
RhombusArhombusisaparallelogramwhereallfoursidesarethesamelength.

SimilarfiguresSimilarfigureshavethesameshape,butdifferentsizes.
SphereAthreedimensionalobjectwhereeverypointisthesamedistancefromthecenter.Abasketballisa
sphere.
SquareArectanglewhereallfoursidesarethesamelength.
SurfaceareaThetotalsumofallthesurfacesofathreedimensionalobject.
TrapezoidAquadrilateralwithonlyonepairofparallelsides.
VertexApointofintersectionforlinesorsegments.

MoreMathGlossariesandTerms
Algebraglossary
Anglesglossary
FiguresandShapesglossary
Fractionsglossary
Graphsandlinesglossary
Measurementsglossary
Mathematicaloperationsglossary
Probabilityandstatisticsglossary
Typesofnumbersglossary
Unitsofmeasurementsglossary
BacktoKidsMath
BacktoKidsStudy

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