It isnt necessary to stare like that.

You dont need to stare like that.

You neednt stare like that.
Is it necessary to stare like that?
Do you have to stare like that?
Do you need to stare like that?
Im sure that they are friends.
They must be friends.
I was sure that they were friends.
They must have been friends.
1.
2.
3.
4.

To run present infinitive, simple

To be running present infinitive, continuous aspect
To have ran perfect infinite, simple aspect
To have been running perfect infinitive, continuous aspect

Im sure that they are joking.

They must be joking.
Im sure they joke.
They must (always) joke.
Im sure they joked.
They must have joked.
Im sure they were joking.
They must have been joking.
It wasnt necessary to write the letter.
a. You neednt to have written the letter. (but you did)
b. You didnt need to write the letter. (and you didnt)
Perhaps they will find it.
They may/might/could find it.
Maybe she is coming right now.
She could/may/might be coming right now.
I expect the headmaster is late.
The headmaster should (expectation) be late.

SHOULD:
a. rules, obligation, advice
b. expectation
NEUTRAL SITUATION:
Take your skates in case the lake is frozen.
Take your skates in case the lake should be frozen.
Take your skates if the lake should be frozen.
In case = a remote possibility = e posibil s sau nu
If = condition = n condiiile n care o s se ntmple
Take your umbrella if it should rain. (n condiiile n care o s plou, dar m ndoiesc)
I suggest that he:
a.
b.
c.
d.

should stay semiformal

stay formal
stays informal
hes staying standard

to suggest = to propose, to recommend, urge, request, order

If you are late, you are not welcome.
Be late and you wont be welcome.
CONDITIONAL II:
If your friends understood, they would come back.
1.
2.
3.
4.

If your friends were to understand, they would come back.

Were your friends to understand, they would come back.
But for your friends understanding, they wouldnt come back.
If it were not for your friends understanding, they wouldnt come back.
CONDITIONAL III:

If your friends had understood, they would come back.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Had your friends understood, they would have come back.

If your friends were to have understood, they would have come back.
Were your friends to have understood, they would have come back.
But for your friends understanding, they wouldnt have come back.
If it hadnt been for your friends understanding, they wouldnt have come back.
Had it not been for your friends understanding, they wouldnt have come back.
If it were not for your friends having understood, they wouldnt have come back.
Were it not for your friends having understood, they wouldnt have come back.

PREFERENCE:
I would rather (would sooner) you:
a.
b.
c.
d.

spoke Chinese
were speaking Chinese
had spoken Chinese (yesterday)
had been speaking Chinese (yesterday)

I would rather:
a.
b.
c.
d.

leave
be leaving
have left
have been leaving

1. I would rather you didnt miss it. (PRESENT)

I would prefer you not to miss it.
I would prefer it if you didnt miss it.
2. I would rather you hadnt missed it. (PAST)
I would prefer you not to have missed it.
I would prefer it if you hadnt missed it.
I wish you werent here.
I wish you hadnt been here yesterday.
I wish you would/could be here tomorrow.