Chapter No:01

INTRODUCTION
Qno:1

What is Physics ? Name a few branches of physics ?

Ans:
Physics is taken from Greek word Physikos which means
Natural.
Physics is the branch of physical science.
Physics is defined as a science which deals with
the interaction of matter and energy.
BRANCHES OF PHYSICS
1) Mechanics:
It deals with the motion of objects with or without
reference.
2) Electricity : It is concerned with the phenomena( )and
effects()
related to electric charges.
3) Electromagnetism: It deals with observations, principles, laws and
methods
that relate electricity and
magnetism.
4) Solid State physics:
It is concerned with the structure (
)and
properties( )of solid
materials.
5) Atomic Physics: It is concerned with the structure and properties
of the atom.
6) Nuclear Physics: It is concerned with the structure, properties
reactions of the
nuclei of the atoms.
7)
Plasma Physics :
It is concerned with the properties of highly
ionized atoms
forming a mixture of bare nuclei(nuclei without electrons)
and electrons.

1 | Page
physics x

ch:1

8) Bio-Physics:
methods and

It is concerned with the application of physical

explanation to bio-physical systems and

structures.
9) Astro-Physics: It is concerned with the study of the physics of
astronomical bodies. Example :
sun, stars, moon, planets
etc.

Qno:2

What is the contribution of Al-Haitham in the field of Physics ?

Ans:

Abu Ali Hassan Ibn-al-Haitham (965-1039) 74 years

Abu Ali Hassan Ibn-al-Haitham was born in Basra city of Iraq.

He was a great scholar of physics, mathematics, engineering,

astronomy and medicine.
CONTRIBUTIONS:
He wrote many books on various subjects. His remarkable book
Kitabul Manazir
in which he discussed about the nature of light. He constructed a
Pinhole camera
with the help of which he obtained image of sun eclipse(
).He gave two laws
of reflection. He discovered the nature of light and told it is kind of
energy. He gave
formal definition of ray of light. He described luminous , non luminous, opaque
and transparent objects. He described the working and the internal
structure of the Eye.
Qno:3
Ans:

What is the contribution of Dr. Abdus Salam in the field of Physics ?

Dr. Abdu Salam was born in Jhang, (Pakistan) in 1926.

He was awarded Nobel prize in 1979 for his work on Grand unification
theory (GUT)
He established international center for theoretical physics at Trieste,
Italy for Scientists
from the developing world.
Qno:4

In what way Al-Beruni was versatile scientist ?

Ans:
Abu Rehan Muhammad bin Ahmed al-beruni was born in a small
town Berun in present
2 | Page
physics x

ch:1

Afghanistan in 973 A.D. He was a great scholar and wrote more than
one Hundred and
fifty books on mathematics, physics, cosmology, geography, culture,
Chemistry and biology
etc. Al beruni proved that earth is round and floating in space . He
also measured the
circumference of earth at Pind Dadan Khan, village in Pakistan by his
own inventedmethod.
He gave the method of determining the Longitude ( ) and
Latitude() .
He gave the exact densities of the metals. He died in 1048 A.D
Qno:5
State briefly the significant work of Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan in the field of
nuclear science ?
Ans
India.

Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan was born on 1st April, 1936 at Bhopal in

He obtained M.Sc. Metallurgy degree from Holland. He obtained PhD

degree from the
University of Leaven, Belgium. He worked as an expert at Urenco
Enrichment plant in
Holland. He returned to Pakistan to serve his motherland. The former
Engineering Research
Laboratories has now been named as A.Q Khan Research
Laboratories. He has been
awarded Hilal-i- Imtiaz by the government of Pakistan. He contributed
in making Pakistan
a nuclear state.

3 | Page
physics x

ch:1