Professional Documents
Culture Documents
by Nathan Kemp,
International Grains
Council, UK
The International
Grains Councils 24th
annual conference,
held in London on 9
June 2015, brought
together some 300
traders, policymakers
and other industry
professionals.
Meeting under the
theme Building on
success, responding
to challenges,
delegates from 48
countries gathered
to assess the recent
shifts in market
fundamentals, which
has seen global
grains and oilseeds
inventories build to
near-record levels,
with prices dropping
to multi-year lows.
The International Grains Councils 24th annual conference, held in London on 9 June 2015,
brought together some 300 traders, policymakers and other industry professionals. Meeting
under the theme Building on success, responding to challenges, delegates from 48 countries
gathered to assess the recent shifts in market fundamentals, which has seen global grains and
oilseeds inventories build to near-record levels, with prices dropping to multi-year lows. As well
as being a key forum for the exchange of views, the conference provided a valuable networking
opportunity, bringing together a unique mix of participants from private and public sectors.
The International Grains Council (IGC) is an inter-governmental organisation established in 1949
to help promote stability in the global grains market through information sharing and analysis.
Administered by a London-based Secretariat, the IGC seeks to further international cooperation
in grains trade; to promote expansion, openness and fairness in the grains sector; to contribute to
grain market stability and to enhance world food security.
The conference began with opening remarks by Etsuo Kitahara, Executive Director of the IGC
and continued with four theme-based sessions and two special presentations, which included
briefings from twelve expert speakers and was interspersed with interactive panel discussions.
Setting the scene for the days discussions, Mr Kitahara provided an overview of the current
market situation, highlighting abundant supplies of wheat, maize (corn) and soyabeans. The
IGC Grain and Oilseeds Index (GOI), a trade-weighted index of the worlds main export prices,
available for free public download on the IGCs homepage (www.igc.int), was down by a quarter
over the past year and languishing close to its lowest since July 2010. While price weakness was
broad-based across most cereals and oilseeds, recent declines were driven by a particularly sharp
slump in soyabean prices. Despite seemingly comfortable exportable supplies, the Executive
Director cautioned that a number of macroeconomic, political and environmental uncertainties
needed to be monitored.
Mr Abdolreza Abbassian, Senior Economist (Trade and Markets Division) at the Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) updated delegates on the Agricultural
Market Information System (AMIS), an inter-Agency Platform established at the request of
the Agriculture Ministers of the G20 in 2011. As part of efforts to enhance transparency, AMIS
seeks to strengthen collaboration and dialogue among the main wheat, maize, soyabean and rice
producers, exporters and importers. Mr Abbassian, who also serves as the Secretary of AMIS,
outlined the organisations structure and functions, in part carried out by a Secretariat consisting
of ten international and inter-governmental organisations (including the IGC) and highlighted the
regular Market Monitor publication as a particularly useful tool for policymakers.
Summarising the stable market outlook for wheat, he noted that the world stocks-to-use ratio
was at a healthy level and that forecasts between the various main agencies were broadly
similar. Partly reflecting different methodologies, estimates for world maize production and
stocks showed more variation between organisations. However, most forecasters were in general
agreement that maize supplies were also comfortable, even if unknown stock levels in China
provided an extra layer of uncertainty.
Mr Stefan Vogel, Head of Agri Commodity Markets Research at Rabobank provided further
insight into the supply and demand situation. Noting that agricultural commodity prices were
being pressured by record 2014/15 harvests and stocks, he cautioned that the world is now
entering a period of weather market volatility, which may be amplified by an El Nino weather
event this year.
Mr Vogel highlighted the impact of recent movements in currency markets on grains and
oilseeds prices, with gains in the value of the US dollar adding to the recent downside. Given
the relative strength of the dollar, US wheat exporters were finding it particularly hard to
compete, with the EU benefitting accordingly. However, both the EU and US were expected to
face heightened competition from Black Sea exporters during 2015/16, with combined wheat
shipments by Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan predicted to increase slightly compared to the
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which are due to come into force on 1 July 2015. While export
duties for some cheaper, lower quality wheat varieties may be
fairly negligible, the floating tax could see result in prohibitively
high levies for hard wheat and durum exports. Moreover, with the
new duties also highly dependent on the rouble/dollar exchange
rate, Mr Sizov warned that the move would potentially serve to
discourage forward contract deals and result in traders trying to
impose additional currency risks on farmers.
Mr Sergey Feofilov, founder and Director of UkrAgroConsult,
first of all reminded the audience of the fundamental shift in
regional grain supplies. After being large importers of wheat
and maize through much
of the 1970s and 1980s
(as part of the USSR),
Ukraine, Russia and
Kazakhstan had since
become very significant
exporters. Ukraines
own transformation from
importer to exporter had
in part been facilitated
through cheap resources,
including land, labour and
finances. However, the
recent economic crises
and currency devaluation
was proving problematic
for the countrys
agricultural sector. While
the weaker hryvnia was
promoting a short term
boost in export demand,
with 2014/15 shipments
seen at record levels, the
associated higher input
costs could prove even
more challenging next
year.
The day was rounded off
by a presentation by Mr
Evgeniy Gan, President
of the Union of Grain
Processors and Bakers
of Kazakhstan, who
provided an overview of
the food security situation
in Central Asia. Bread
remained the regions number one staple food, with per caput
consumption at already high levels. Although Kazakhstan is
now a large net exporter of wheat, Mr Gan drew attention to an
unusually high level of imports from Russia in 2014, estimated
at between 0.5m-0.7m t, driven mainly by pricing differentials.
Kazakhstans grain exports are currently limited by logistical
constraints, with the countrys best farmland distant from Black
Sea ports. Consequently, the most potential for export expansion
is seen via land transport to China and sea shipment via Iran.
If logistical problems can be solved and exports increased, Mr
Gan predicted that local output could easily rise from its current
level.