rusudan saRinaZe

palestinis qarTuli warwerebi da maTSi

moxseniebuli erTi sakuTari saxeli

cnobilma qarTvelma Teologma da filosofosma, qristianuli

neoplatonizmis fuZemdebelma petre iberma V saukunis pirvel naxevarSi
palestinaSi, iudas udabnoSi, beTlemis maxloblad bir-el-katis
midamoebSi, xirbeT siiar al-Ranamis Crdilo-dasavleTiT aago monasteri,
romelic qarTuli kulturis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi sazRvargareTuli
kera iyo. petre iberTan erTad aq moRvaweobdnen misi gamzrdeli,
Tanamoazre da megobari qarTveli filosofos-Teologi ioane lazi _
ioane qarTveli (miTridate, ieroTeosi) da sxva palestineli berebi.
cnobili bizantieli avtoris prokopi kesarielis (VI sk.) cnobiT,
iustiniane I-is (527-565 ww.) epoqaSi ganaxlebul monasterTa Soris
ixsenieba `iberTa monasteri" ierusalimSi da `lazTa monasteri"
ierusalimis udabnoSi. pirveli specialistTagan (k. kekeliZe, g. wereTeli,
s. yauxCiSvili...) gaigivebulia ierusalimis jvris monasterTan, xolo meore
_ swored bir el-katis adgilas aRmoCenil namonastrevTan. fiqroben, rom
TviTon saxelwodeba `lazTa monasteri" dakavSirebuli unda iyos petre
iberis uaxloesi Tanamoazris ioane-miTridates lazikidan (egrisidan)
warmomavlobis faqtTan (v. CaCaniZe, 1974, gv. 39).
1950-1952 ww.-Si italieli arqeologis virjilio korbos eqspediciis
mier qarTuli monastris nangrevebSi aRmoCenil iqna ramdenime qarTuli
asomTavruli warwera, romlebic Sesrulebulia mozaikiT (sefi) monastris
satrapezos iatakze da ezos sxvadasxva adgilebSi. isini amJamad daculia
ierusalimSi, franciskelTa monasterSi. erTi maTgani moRweulia
dauzianeblad, meore da mesame ki _ fragmentebis saxiT. palestinis
warwerebs ikvlevdnen: m. TarxniSvili da g. wereTeli, agreTve S. nucubiZe,
al. gamyreliZe, s. yauxCiSvili, v. CaCaniZe, k. kekeliZe da sxv. pirveli
warwera TariRdeba 532-552 wlebiT, meore-mesame ki Sesrulebuli unda
iyos gacilebiT adre. maTSi moxseniebul pirTa identifikaciisa da
paleografiuli niSnis mixedviT mkvlevarebi warwerebs miakuTvneben V
saukunis I naxevars, daaxl. 440-ian wlebs (430 w. _ g. wereTeli; 433 w. _
e. maWavariani). virjilio korbom 1955 wels ierusalimSi gamosca wigni
`siiar al-Ranamis (mwyemsTa mimdevris) gaTxrebi da Semogarenis
monastrebi", romelSic daibeWda m. TarxniSvilis narkvevi monastris
qarTul mozaikur warweraTa Sesaxeb.
palestinis warwerebs Cvenamde moRweul uZveles epigrafikul ZeglTa
Soris didi mniSvneloba eniWeba. isini gamoirCeva sakuTar saxelTa
siuxviT, romelTa (maruan _ murvanosis, burzen _ buzmiris, bakuris)
safuZvelzec SesaZlebeli gaxda warweraTa daTariReba da qarTuli
monastris petre iberTan dakavSireba. am saxelTa umravlesoba axsnilia
mecnierTa mier, Tumca zogierTi saxelis Sesaxeb arsebuli mosazrebebi
mTlad naTeli ar aris. vgulisxmobT mesame warweras, romelic ase
ikiTxeba: `...da ZuZ/eulni m/aTni ba/kur da // gri orm/izd da n/aSobni
/maTni q(rist)e // S(eiwyal)en amen..." aq moxseniebul saxelTa Soris
yuradRebas ipyrobs gri ormizd (an: a. gri-or-mizdi _ g. wereTeli;
b. gri-orm-izd http://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki; g.-gri-orm-izd _ ARMAZI
Project/Manana Tandashvili, Frankfurt/Tbilisi 2000). samecniero
literaturaSi gavrcelebuli mosazrebebis mixedviT, bakuri petre iberis
papa (dedis mama), `didi bakuri" unda iyos. rac Seexeba gri-ormizds, am
saxelis Sesaxeb gamoTqmulia sxvadasxva Sexeduleba:
1) m. TarxniSvilis azriT, gri-ormizd saxelis pirveli nawili unda
warmoadgendes Semoklebas giorgi an grigolisa. amasTanave, mecnieri
miuTiTebs, rom grigoli im droisaTvis ufro gavrcelebuli saxelia,
vidre _ giorgi;
2) s. yauxCiSvili saeWvod miiCnevs am saxelis grigolad wakiTxvas,
radgan aq da kavSiri aris erTi: bakur da gri-ormizd. aq grigoli
rom iyos, maSin unda gvqondes ori da kavSiri: bakur da gri da
ormizd;
3) rogorc g. wereTeli aRniSnavs, sakiTxis garkvevisaTvis gadamwyveti
mniSvneloba aqvs im garemoebas, rom es `ucnauri gri- iranuli
warmoSobis saxels miuZRvis win". amitom gri-s Zieba iranul niadagze unda
moxdes. s. yauxCiSvilis msgavsad, g. wereTelma es saxeli sparsul
orwevrian kompozitad cno, xolo sawyisi sityva `gri" daukavSira
saSualo sparsul termins `gri", romlis mniSvnelobaa `suli" da romelic
tradiciulad ixmareboda adamianis sakuTari saxelebis win. manve
aRniSnuli sityvis analogiad miiCnia axali sparsulis `jan" termini (g.
wereTeli, 1960, gv. 30-34). aqedan gamomdinare, mesame warweraSi unda iyos
ara giorgi, aramed gri-or-mizdi.
g. wereTlis azriT, araferia moulodneli imaSi, rom es sityva aris
iranuli, radganac iranuli sityvebi CvenSi mravlad aris gavrcelebuli
ara marto qristianobis wina periodSi, aramed SemdegSiac. TviT
palestinis qarTul warwerebSi moxsenebul pirTa saxelebis didi nawili
iranulia (magaliTad, bakuri). Tu vin iyo gri-or-mizdi, teqstidan ar
Cans, arc sxva wyaroebidan mogvepoveba mis Sesaxeb raime cnoba. mxolod
erTi ram aris safiqrebeli: SeiZleba is naTesaur kavSirSi iyos bakurTan.
zogierTi Tanamedrove mkvlevari palestinis mesame warweraSi
moxsenebul pirTa Sesaxeb gamoTqvams sruliad gansxvavebul mosazrebas.
magaliTad, b. xurcilava eyrdnoba koriunisa da movses xorenacis, `mefeTa
cxovrebis", `qebai da didebai qarTulisa enisais", davaTis qvastelisa da
palestinis mesame warweris monacemebs da gri ormizds ukavSirebs
farnavaz mefes. somxur wyaroebSi mas amoukiTxavs `bakuri" da `jali".
jals is aigivebs gri ormizdTan (Sdr. zemoT aRniSnuli gri _ jan>jal).
`farnavazis cxovrebis" mixedviT farnavazs hqonda meore saxeli:
`sparsulad armaz erqua" (farnavaz _ spars. xelmwife). spars. `armazi"
saSual sparsulSi `ormizdis" Sesatyvisia (Zv. spars. `ahuramazda", saS.
spars. `hormizd//ormizd", parT. `ohrmazd") (b. xurcilava, 2008).
palestinis mesame warweris bakursa da gri ormizds b. xurcilava
qarTuli asomTavruli anbanis Semqmnelebad miiCnevs da `qebaiSi"
moxsenebul `axal ninosa" da `elene dedofalSic" am pirovnebebs
gulisxmobs, Tumca gri ormizdis pirovnebaSi misTvis bevri ram mainc
`TeTr laqad" rCeba.
palestinis erT-erT warweraSi moxseniebuli saxeli ormizdi
(<spars. Hhormozdi//hormizdi = sikeTis RmerTi, ahuramazda, adamianis,
planetis saxeli), romelic mkvlevarTa mier miCneulia iranul samyarosTan
saukunovani urTierTobis Sedegad, SesaZlebelia, palestinis warweraSi
moxvedrili iyos berZnuli gziT. berZnulSi dasturdeba daaxloebiT amave
agebulebis sityva ormuzdi (Zvel sparsul religiaSi: sinaTlisa da
sikeTis RvTaeba, sparsulad ahuramazda _ m. WabaSvili, 1989, gv. 357);
berZnulSi aris agreTve saxeli arimani, romelic upirispirdeba
ormuzds. Eesaa Zvel sparsul religiaSi: borotebis RvTaeba _
sparsulad _ anhra-mainiu, Seurigebeli mteri Tavisi Zmis _ keTili
RvTaebis _ ormuzdisa (iqve, gv. 53). am saxelebma mogvagona XX saukunis
dasawyisSi sasuliero xasiaTis gazeT `Sinaur saqmeebSi" dabeWdili erT-
erTi publikacia, romelSic dadasturebulia sityva ormuzdi. imis
saCveneblad, Tu rogor emTxveva yvela xalxis gadmocemebi bibliur
moTxrobas qveynis gaCenis Sesaxeb, statiaSi moTxrobilia nawyvetebi
sparsTa Zveli nawerebidan. sparsuli gadmocemebiT, `xiluli sofeli, ca
da qveyana, Seqmnil iqmna eqvs Jamsa Sina. pirvelad `ormuzdma" _ sikeTis
RmerTma _ Seqmna naTeli Soris cisa da qveynisa. amis Semdeg wyali,
romelic faravda mTels qveyanas; Semdeg gamoCnda dedamiwa, Seiqmna yvela
gvaris xe; mexuTed yvela mxeci da bolos Seqmnil iqmna pirveli kaci
qaionuratsi mbrwyinav da ze aRpyrobil Tvalebiani. magram odesme
keTilad Seqmnilman Zvelman arimanman, dabneleba moaxdina naTlis samefoSi
da yovelive qmnuli daamaxinja" (`Sin. saqm.", 1908, 22, 11).
ormizdi da ormuzdi erTi da igivea da orive saxeli
dakavSirebulia sparsul sityva hormozdTan (//hormizdTan). amave
mniSvnelobisaa ahuramazda, rac adamianis, planetis saxelicaa.
zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT CvenTvis saintereso saxelTan
dakavSirebiT SesaZlebelia davuSvaT ramdenime varianti. palestinis
warweraSi moxseniebulia:
1. ori saxeli _ bakuri da grigoli (an giorgi);
2. ori saxeli _ bakuri da ormizdi;
3. sami saxeli _ bakuri, grigoli da ormizdi;
4. ori saxeli _ bakuri da grigoli _ sikeTis RmerTebad wodebuli.
amaTgan arCevanis SeCereba SeiZleba or variantze: palestinis mesame
warweraSi, Cveni azriT, moxsenebuli unda iyos ori pirovneba. esaa, erTi
mxriv, bakuri da gri-ormizdi (gri- nawilakia), meore mxriv ki _
bakuri da grigoli (ormizdi) _ sikeTis RmerTebad wodebuli, e.i.
ormizdi _ sikeTis RmerTi aq aris epiTeti an zedwodeba.
 ormizdi/ormuzdi saxelebis dakavSireba da varaudi berZnuli gziT
warweraSi moxvedrisa emyareba mravalsaukunovan qarTul-berZnul
istorias, qristianul tradicias, agreTve imave warwerebSi moxseniebul
sxva berZnul saxelebs. aseTia, magaliTad, antoni abai (winamZRoli).
vimedovnebT, zemoT aRniSnuli ori variantidan arCevanis gakeTeba
momdevno kvlevis Sedegad iqneba SesaZlebeli.

damowmebuli literatura

k. kekeliZe, 1960 - k. kekeliZe, uZvelesi qarTuli monasteri

ierusalimis maxloblad da misi mozaikuri warwera: etiudebi Zveli
qarTuli literaturis istoriidan, t. VI, Tb., 1960.
qarTuli ena - enciklopedia, Tb., 2008.
v. CaCaniZe, 1974 - v. CaCaniZe, petre iberieli da qarTuli monastris
arqeologiuri gaTxrebi ierusalimSi, Tb., 1974.
g. wereTeli, 1960 - g. wereTeli, uZvelesi qarTuli warwerebi
palestinidan, Tb., 1960.
m. WabaSvili, 1989 - m. WabaSvili, ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni, Tb., 1989.
b. xurcilava, 2008 - b. xurcilava, qarTuli asomTavruli anbani da
misi Semqmnelebi: `bakur" da `gri ormizd", Tb., 2008.
http://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki;
ARMAZI Project/Manana Tandashvili, Frankfurt/Tbilisi, 2000.

RUSUDAN SAGHINADZE

GEORGIAN MANUSCRIPTS OF PALESTINE AND A PROPER NAME

MENTIONED IN THEM

Among the earliest epigraphic monuments of the Georgian language the capital
letter inscriptions discovered by an Italian archaeologist Virgilio Corbo’s expedition
(1950-1952) in the ruins of the Georgian monastery of Palestine, in Judas Desert in the
vicinity of Bethlehem are of great importance. They are distinguished with the multitude
of proper names on the basis of which (Maruan - Murvanosi, Burzen – Buzmiri, Bakuri)
it became possible to date the inscriptions and to associate the Georgian monastery with
Peter the Iberian. Most of these names are explained in the specialist literature; however,
the opinions developed about some names are not completely clear. To these names
belongs e.g. Gri Ormizd, mentioned in III inscription: “... da ZuZ/eulni m/aTni ba/kur
da // gri orm/izd da n/aSobni / maTni // S(eiwyal)en amen..i.
Considering the opinions adopted in the specialist literature I think a few other
options can be admissible. Namely:
1. two names: Bakuri and Grigoli (or Giorgi);
 2. two names: Bakuri and Ormizdi
3. three names: Bakuri, Grigoli and Ormzidi;
4. two names: Bakuri and Giorgi – referred to “Lords of kindness.”
Of these four variants the following two seems convincing. On the one hand it is
Bakuri and Gri-Ormizdi (to regard Gri- as particle), on the other it is Bakuri and
Grigoli (Ormizdi), referred to “Lords of kindness”, i.e. Ormizd - lord of kindness - is an
epithet or a distinctive appellation. This name could have appeared in the Palestine
inscription through the Greek language. The assumption is based on the many-centuries
old Georgian-Greek relation history and Christian traditions, as well as other Greek
names mentioned in the same inscriptions, as for instance Antoni Abai (leader).