BN-DS-C48 Typical exchanger piping and data reboilers

This design standard gives typical examples for exchanger piping and horizontal and vertical
reboiler data.

Example of cooler piping arrangement and clearances

Typical
Exchanger
Arrangement

Type
of
Tube
Bundle

Typical use Possible alterations to typical

arrangments without affecting thermal
(see
terminolog design (see note 1)
Constructio
y
Nozzle
Interchang Direction of
n
and typical
Flow
Change
Relocation
Designation functions e
Flow
Shel Tub Both
info further
Note Note
Media
l
e
Side
below)
2
3
Note 4
Side Side s

Floating Single Pass Exchanger *

Head
Shell
Cooler
Single Pass Heater
Tubes

Single Pass
Shell
Even Pass
Tubes

Two Pass
Shell
Even Pass
Tubes

Divided
Flow Shell
Even Pass
Condensor
Tubes
Evaporator
Double
Reboiler
Split Shell
Even Pass
Tubes

Single Pass
Shell
Exchanger
*
Even Pass Cooler
Tubes
Heater
(in clean
Two Pass tubes
side
U-Tubes Shell
*
Even Pass service)
Tubes
ReboilerKettle Type steam
Reboiler
GeneratorVaporizer

1
0

1
1

Single Pass
Shell
Single or Exchanger *
Odd Pass Cooler
Tubes
Heater (in
Fixed
Single Pass low
temperatur
Tubeshee Shell
*
t
Even Pass e
clean
Tubes
service
Double
shell side)
Pass Shell
*
Even Pass
Tubes

Tabulation of typical exchangers and possible alterations for better piping

Notes typical exchangers:

1.

Alternaterations must be reviewed with exchanger engineer and/or process engineer

2.

Possible rotation of tube side nozzles 180 degree

3.

Possible rotation of shell side nozzles 180 degree

4.

May be considered only as a last resort since re-rating of exchanger would be

required(*).

General Notes Mobile Servicing Equipment:

1.

Mobile servicing equipment (similar to that is shown) is generally used toe service
exchangers

2.

Conditions that would preclude the use of this type of equipment are as follows
o

Equipment location that, due to plot limitations and/or process requirements, do

not permit acces of mobile equipment

Equipment weights in excess of normal mobile maintenance equipment

capacities

Equipment elevated, too high for practical use of normal mobile maintenance
equipment

3.

4.

Additional servicing facilities (not shown) include:

o

Gantry cranes

Permanent structures with trolley beams and hoists

Monorail system in building or structure

Overhead frame on exchanger for troley hoist

The design of exchanger associated piping includes proper consideration of

maintenance requirements such as:
o

Routing and supportin piping so that no temporary supports are required when
removing channel and/or tube bundle or that, if necessary, temporary supports can be
easiliy built

Providing easily removable spool-pieces when required or routing piping to

provide adequeate clearance for bundle removal or servicinb equipment. This
necessitates a clear understanding of client clearance requirements and a knowledge
of intended servicing equipment at the start of a project

Terminolgy and typical functions of shell and tube heat exchangers

Exchanger heats one stream, cools the other
A physical change does not take place in the flowing media:

Cooler - cools liquid or gasses without condensation (other designations: intercooler,

aftercooler, condensor)

Subcooler - condeses vapor and further cools the condensed

Condensor - condenses vapor or vapor mixture

Chiller - uses refrigerants for cooling process stream below prevailing water temperature

Heater - heats process stream (other designation : preheater)

Reboiler - reboil the bottom stream of the fractionation process

Waste heat exchanger - uses waste heat (for example: process effluent gas or engine
exhaust gas for steam generation)

Steam generator - uses heat of process liquid or gas for producing steam

Vaporizor - vaporizes part of a liquid stream (other designation: evaporator)

Stacked exchanger notes:

1.

Limited to 4 shells high in similar service and not to exceed a maximum elevation of
5500mm

2.
3.

Nozzle and saddle protection shall be such as to allow space for shims between saddles
Stacked exchangers in series flow and close coupled shall be arranged per vendor's
design
1.

Alternate nozzle locations

4.

Slotted or oversize holes in one saddle

5.

Anchor location to be determined by piping configuration

6.

Angular, tangential or elbow nozzles may be used in series, parallel or dissimilar

services

Reboiler notes:
1.

Horizontal reboilers shall be as close to the tower as practical with a minimum amount of
pipe and elbows. The piping shall be stress analyzed as soon as the layout is firm. Support
and anchor points shall be established at this time.

2.

The following information is required by the piping designer in order to layout thermal
siphon reboilers:
o

The elevation of the tower tangent line above grade

The elevation of the first tray and the reboiler return line

The length of the reboiler tubes and the type of outlet on the reboiler on the
exchangers

The dimension from the tangent line to the tubesheet on vertical exchangers and
bottom of horizontal exchangers

Most of this information is shown on the flow diagrams, vessel and reboiler
specifications. The design shall review the layout with the process engineer to ensure
that complete agreement is reached

3.

Avoid locating the reboiler return line under the downcomer. The top of the return line
shall be a minimum of 12 inches below the bottom tray or 6 inches below the seal pan if the
return line must be located under the downcomer.

4.

Allow sufficient room for removing tube bundles on vertical reboilers. Allow sufficient
room to remove shell cover to grade.