Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1.1 Introduction
As a partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award Diploma in Civil
Engineering, this student must at least take one session of Industry Training or
practical at an organization that have been by the Polytechnic for the student.
Industrial training will be progress for five month or twenty two week at the
organization where the student taking their practical. Starting from June 2001, all of
the polytechnic student at Malaysia Education Ministry have executed the system
which giving the entire Polytechnic student ten times credit who doing the Industry
Training. I have been accepted by a company name Yung Seng Construction which
the Head Quarters was located at the 7th mile, Kota Sentosa. The training session
has been progress for five month from the beginning of 01 December 2014 until 17
April 2015. The training session was started at a construction site which was located
at Jalan Serian nearest to the and the site project was next close to the UiTM
(University Technology Mara Malaysia).
1.2
before being allowed to attend for the next semester. The student who failed shall
repeat the training session.
1.2.1
employment.
Fostering a sense of working in a team as the member of a company
1.3
the
employment
for
example:-
attendance,
timeliness,
Students can learn and practice the new knowledge where they can
gained from the company based on learning acquired then they might
compared for their studies session at the class.
2.2
minimal cost with the best quality, ranging from single-storey terrace house type B to
the high-end-semi-detached house.
2.3
Company Structure
2001)
Yung Seng Construction SDN BHD (604388-H, established in 22nd January
2003)
Yeshome Development SDN BHD
Berlian Stabil SDN BHD
APT Growth SDN BHD
Bandar Riyal SDN BHD
Evergreen Icon SDN BHD
(594500-X)
(840014-U)
(718020M)
(610273T)
(718020M)
Account
Department
Sales
Department
OFFICE
Purchasing
Department
DIRECTOR
Quantity
Surveyor
Administration
Enginner
MANAGER
Site
Supervisor
Maintaince
SITE
Mechanic
Lorry Driver
Other
Excavator
STORE
2.5
Overview of Project
PROJECT
Yung Seng Garden
(Kuching)
Yeshome Garden
Yung Seng Garden
(Mukah)
Merdang Garden
APT Garden
Uni Garden
Merlin Garden
Merbau Garden
Merdang Baru
Entingan Garden
Merbau Baru
Taman Bukit
Berangan
TOTAL
UNIT
OF
HOUSI
NG
PHASE
1
123
52
71
67
67
222
39
45
41
97
161
115
1019
294
88
123
55
69
40
115
87
66
88
63
55
69
53
52
16
106
29
86
199
180
72
72
60
2408
306
254
Activities
Leveling
Transfer of TBM
Looking peg for drain
Leveling for deep of drain
Construct Sub-Base
Piling work
Checker (material : Rock)
Prepare Formwork [Ground Beam]
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13 April 17 April
(20 week)
4.1
PILING WORK
4.1.1
Definition
The pile is derived from the word "Pil" meaning arrows or sharp pole of
language "Anglo-Saxon" and there is also named as spikes. In Malay language, pile
was call as cerucuk. Pile play an important role as the major component in the
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basic load transfer through the soil strata that have low bearing capacity of the strata
or rocks - rocks that have high bearing capacity.
In normal soil conditions, pile foundation is used to hold the lift ride like structure lure
shore rigs, foundation below ground water level or basic transmission towers. Pile
foundation is also used in soft soil to withstand horizontal loads, such as wind power
and the power of the earthquake in bending. The soil was easily to expands and
contracts the soil sensitive to changes in soil moisture percentage also require pile
foundation. In addition, for the construction work on the sand as jetties and piers of
the bridge also require pile foundation
There are various types, shapes, sizes and materials used for pile foundation and
the selection is dependent on the specific situation.
4.1.2 The Factor using Pilling
Use the pile as one important element in the construction of a
structure has been started in the history of civil engineering in the world. The
pile is used as a supporter and tools for transferring the load from the
structure to the ground. Use the pile is caused by:
1. The existence of the bearing layer is not obtained. The ground
beneath the structure does not function properly or in other words
not able to bear the burden caused by these structures when
used shallow foundations.
2. The compressibility of the soil which causes sediment great when
used shallow foundations.
3. The distribution of land under the land surface is not uniform.
4. For the purpose of preventing the action of the thrust of the
subsurface such as hydrostatic action.
5. To obtain a strong strata in the work - excavation.
4.1.3
Underground conditions.
Location of construction
Type of structure.
Durability pile.
There are various types of piles used in construction. Each pile must be used
according to the specifications of a plan that has been prepared by the
consultant engineer or Public Works Department [Jabatan Kerja Raya
JKR]. Among these are:
Spun Pile
.
FIGURE 4.1 : Spun Pile
Sheet Pile.
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Before work - piling run, early preparation to be done. Among these are
included the following: 1. System for determining the position and the level of the pile as
found in the working drawings. Reference marks such as stone
floors shall be outside the work area to avoid any interruption
upon him.
2. Identify the types of plants and other - other equipment used for
piling next method and manner of use. For example, heavy
knocker should be commensurate with the weight of pile used.
Whether past or diesel hammer knocker use is subject to the
scope, complexity and soil conditions. Diesel Hammer is not
suitable for limestone by the difficulty of controlling the 'hammer
drop' when needed.
3. Determine the value set for 10 pounder shot for controlling the
depth of piling when it is grown based on it as described in the
drawing or document job offers.
4. Provide data boring piling. Data - data relating to the position of
the pile, arrangement 'number of blow' it is grown, weight and
distance of the fall of the knocker and other important information
shall be drawn up.
5. Provide equipment to control the 'alignment' and the slope of the
pile that will be planted this is made up of 'plum bob' hung elbows
and 'spirit level'.
4.1.6 Equipment to fasten pile.
1. Consists of piling frame (piling frame) and hammer (hammer).
Piling frame have various sizes, depending on usage.
2. Hammer pile (piling hammer) the most simple is the hammer falls
(drop hammer). Hammer weight is between 2-4 tons and high
waterfalls will not exceed 5-6 feet.
3. When either fasten pile of wood, concrete or steel, the head of the
pile shall be sheathed with a pile cap (helmet) together - together
with a layer of wood cushion to withstand blows and pile cap
above will receive hammer is lining (dolly) consisting of iron
sheets and hardwood.
16
17
18
After 'piling machine' ready to do piling, pile then lifted slowly - slowly
and then inserted into the hole 'piling machine'. Under the pile surface must
be accurate with the notation that has been done. Spirit level will be used to
measure erectness pile planted.
After piling up and running, cutting the pile is done to facilitate future
construction work.
FIGURE 4.9 : After piling work was finished for one sub lot
4.2.1 Definition
Element and structure is a foundation to build a building. Structure and
elements have long been used in the field of Civil Engineering. In ancient times,
structure and element is composed of stone, wood and clay. Element and structure
was important for building an extreme structure or simple structure. Structure is the
framework for a building. Element is a complete building structure. Bricks, cement,
plywood, asbestos and reinforcement bar was call as Elements. Even were
interesting structure element are not exposed, they are nonetheless of significance
and contribute to the character of the building.
4.2.2 Beam
Beam is one of structural element that can support the weight of a
building and can withstand the bending of the piles, vibration and motion.
Usually, the end of the beam was tied to a pole. In ancient times, the beam
made of wood. The type of wood used is terberlian wood. Beam is
something common in engineering. This is because, the beam is not only
used in the field as the construction of, but are used in the structure of
vehicles and mechanical systems and has been analyzed as the same
concept. There are several types of beams in the building:
a) Ground Beam
The structure that shown above is known as ground beam. Ground
beam is a reinforcement beam for supporting walls, joists at or nearest
to the ground level, itself either resting directly upon the ground or
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ii.
iii.
iv.
22
v.
vi.
formwork.
A formwork was erected to the side of the formwork
vii.
23
FIGURE 4.12 : The worker tight the reinforcement bar with wire
b) Upper Beam
The upper beam is the one of the structural elements for a building. It
almost has the same function such as the ground beam and it was
constructed before the walls. It also can be define as the upper level of
foundation before forming the upper slabs (double story house). Upper
beam also functioning to support the upper level of the building until
the construction of the roof trusses (single story house).
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III.
IV.
formwork.
Construct the formwork for the side of the beam and
V.
VI.
VII.
25
27
I.
II.
III.
floor.
Build formwork for the side beams and struts to hold
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
II.
III.
IV.
FIGURE 4.18 : The operator will keep away the soil form the space
4.2.4 Column
In the field of building structure, column structure is one of the
important elements in the process of building construction. The
column same function with the human spine to support the load. In
addition, the column provides support to the upper beam, upper
floor slab and roof truss. If the building has a column that is less
strong, the building does not have a long shelf life and is easy to
collapse. Column serves to accommodate the load of the upper
beam, upper floor slab and roof truss. Column is the pillar of the
whole building.
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Types of columns
Columns are divided into three types as the way they
II.
III.
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4.2.5 Formwork
The formwork is a temporary or permanent mould which the concrete or the
other similar materials are poured. In term for the concrete construction, the
formwork is used to support the shuttering moulds. Good formwork should
have the following requirements:
i.
ii.
iii.
Ceiling formwork
Ceiling formwork is the type of formwork mostly found in building
construction. It consists of sheeting boards or prefabricated sheeting
panels.
iv.
Beam formwork
Beam formwork is the prefabricated formwork sheeting parts in which
it is sheeting the bottom and side of sheeting panels. The sheeting
bottom and the side panels consist of sheeting boards and nailed
together.
v.
Column formwork
Similar to the beam formwork, column formwork is constructed at the
site as prefabricated sheeting. The sheeting panels are placed
vertically and screwed in the ground floor surface by steel bolts.
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No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Parts of formwork
Vertical sides of beams, columns and walls
Edge sides of beams, columns and walls
Ground beams and slabs (left under)
Formwork soffits
Time period
1 2 days
2 6 days
7 14 days
28 days
4.3 DRAINAGE
Drainage system has existed centuries ago. In Civil Engineering, drainage is
important to them. Drainage system is very important in the construction sector. This
is because the drainage system used to remove water from a surface. In Highway
Engineering, drainage system is very useful as to avoid too wet road surfaces cause
tires to fail to get friction. Drainage system occurs in two forms, namely Culvert, Inlet and Drain. In addition, drainage system is useful to prevent the occurrence of the
phenomenon of flooding. Good drainage system to avoid flooding and water flows
more smoothly into the sea or estuary.
4.3.1 Drain
Drain very important in building construction sector. This is because the
trench was built to prevent water retention in the soil surface. In Taman Berlian,
trenches used to prevent water reservoir after the rain. Water reservoir can soften
the soil conditions. In addition, the water reservoir will disturb the soil as soil
excavation work will be muddy. Drainage system must be regularly maintained to
avoid floods on construction sites. Usually after site clearing, construction site
drainage system will be made first. Before the construction of buildings or sites the
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way, they will make the drainage work first. This is because to avoid drainage
system in the area of planning is not disrupted.
wide
Dug Drain must be connected to the main drain
After dredging was completed, workers will plant peg along
V.
VI.
the trench
Supervisor will make leveling work to ensure trenches 1 meter
Supervisor will benchmark level on the peg
4.3.2 Culvert
In the world of civil engineering, culverts are closely related to Highway Engineering.
Culvert otherwise known as "pembentong" in the term Bahasa Malaysia. The
culverts one branch in the drainage system. In the drainage system, there are
several types of items used to throw water drains, culverts and Inlet. Culvert was
same function with drain. However, this culvert planted in the ground and not opens
like a moat. Such as large culvert pipe to remove water. Usual culverts installed to
connect the drain crossing the road or under the buildings or across the river.
Type Of Culvert
1. Pipe Culvert
2. Box Culvert
3. Arch Culvert
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4. Slab Culvert
During my training in industry, I only see and Box Culvert and Pipe culvert.
The culvert was plant across the road. In addition, culverts were installed to connect
the trenches at a crossroads. Besides that, the culverts plug the drain to connect the
main drain with across the roundabout. In this company, they usually use a culvert
diameter = 1 meter or 0.5 meters long and all culverts are the same which 1
meter. 1 meter diameter culvert usually mounted on a road that crossed the big
drain. Box culvert usually mounted on the main road junction near the ditch there
because larger and rectangular.
I.
II.
III.
excavator.
The hole will excavate until both of drain was connected
The supervisor will measure the hole to know how much culvert
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
need to install
The worker will brought culvert from the store
The operator keep up the culvert and then put it on the hall
All the culvert need to connect with each other to prevent leaks
All the culvert will cover by convers
The soil will keep on the hole to cover the culvert
FIGURE 4.23 : The excavator keep back the soil into the hole
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4.4 LEVELING
4.4.1 Definition
Leveling work is very important in building construction work. The majority of
its construction companies use geometry in the construction process. Leveling
method has been used for centuries in Civil Engineering through the use of EDM,
Theodolite auto level or water level. In addition, the method of leveling work to give
us that the earth is not flat even surface using visible even to the naked eye. The
aim is to distinguish leveling a ground level. In the process of construction of the
building, leveling method is used to distinguish ground level, adjust the level ground
with TBM, distinguishing level house base with roads base and drains, floor drains
and differentiate with road site. Leveling work is used in the process of cut and fill,
as measured by the Surveyor.
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III.
IV.
circle
v.
The auto level ready to use
The worker will put the staff near the peg
The auto-level shoot into staff to get the reading
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39
4.5 CHECKER
Checker is a work receiving the goods delivered to the construction site. This job to
ensure that the goods until sufficient quantities. There are two items that are sent
and received by reviewers. The materials are sent a responsibility to checker. Any
deficiency will be borne by the checker.
4.5.1
Rock
This stone is used to make the site the way. This stone was
bought from Sub-Contractor. Sub-Con sends the stone to the
construction site by lorry itself. The rock type is SYNITE.
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Procedure
I.
Lorry send the rock to the site
II.
Rock will be keep to the stock pile
III.
Checker will cop a signature on receipt
4.5.2
Soil
41
The soil sent to INTAN. The soil to create the open space in
front of shop in INTAN
Procedure
IV.
Lorry send the soil to the site
V.
The soil will be keep to open space
VI.
Checker will cop a signature on receipt
42
FIGURE 4.31 : The Operator embankment the soil to the open space
43
FIGURE 4.34 : The lorry inject the soil behind the open space
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excavator
Leveling work carried out to ensure compliance with the
street-level on the plan
i.
Peg planted along the roads that have been dug
ii.
Workers will get a reading on staff using auto level
iii.
Peg will be marked in accordance with sub-base
III.
IV.
V.
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FIGURE 4.36 : The worker stand the staff on the peg to get a reading
46
FIGURE 4.37 : Operator using the excavator to flatten the surface of the Sub-Base
(M)
(Num.)
Total
48
95%(TT)
95% of (price) X (Total)
Perimeter of Sub-Lot
Rear
Name of Sub-Lot
Rear
Surround
Sub-Lot
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50
3. left button
I.
Lengthening and shortening the arm
II.
Turning the excavators are 360
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5.2 RECOMMENDATION
53
Some terms used by employees while teaching the students may not be the
same in terms of the theory. Polytechnics need to give space to students that not
good in English in using the English language to present experiences during training
industry. Perhaps, polytechnics should facilitate students to present their
experiences in the presentation. During that time, students must write a final report
in English. This simplifies the lecturer know, how far students understand what he
experienced in the training industry. It also helps students to appoint of
understanding him in the work he is going in the training industry.
Students who undergo industrial training is not the same capabilities with the
ability of ordinary workers. Students who undergo industrial training, they want to
experience what about his career or work they will do in the courses they take in
polytechnics. UPLI should provide recommendations to the firm or company that
provides industrial training to students planning activities necessary to prepare to
launch student activities during the training industry. It will reduce student
experiencing the same things as long as 20 weeks. This will provide many benefits
to students who undergo industrial training. It will give a lot of exposure to the
students during their industrial training.
A good preparation must be made by the student their self who will undergo
industrial training before they step out from campus. The preparation is not only on
the equipment or stationary but mentally and physically is also very important so that
student is ready to enter the working zone, the changing of the environment around
them. This is a must for student so that this situation will not affect student mentally
making them easily to give up and moan during the training.
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CHAPTER 6 : CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
1. www.google/image.com.
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