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1
Determine the soil pressure distribution under the footing.
Elevation
Plan
e
M 180
1.5 ft
P 120
(a) B= L= 8 ft
L
e 1.5 ft 1.33 ft
6
q2
6 (P e) 180
6 (180)
P
4.92 kip/ft 2
2
3
BL
BL
8(8)
8
q1
6 P e 180
6 (180)
P
0.7 kip/ft 2
2
3
BL
BL
8(8)
8
(b) L=10 ft B =5 ft
L
e 1.5 ft 1.66 ft
6
6 (P e)
6 (180)
P
180
q2
5.76 kip/ft 2
2
2
BL
BL
5(10)
(5)(10)
6Pe
6 (180)
P
180
q1
1.42 kip/ft 2
2
BL
BL
5(10)
(5)(10) 2
Problem 7.2
Determine the soil pressure distribution under the footing. Use a factor of 1.2 for DL and 1.6 for
LL.
Elevation
Plan
P u 1.2 PD 1.6 PL 1.2(200) 1.6(250) 640 kN
M
Mu
64
L
0.1 m 0.5 m
Pu
640
6
q u1
Pu
6 (Pu e) 640
6 (64)
85.32 kN/m 2
2
3
BL
BL
3(3)
3
qu 2
Pu
6 Pu e 640
6 (64)
56.88 kN/m 2
2
3
BL
BL
3(3)
3
Problem 7.3
The effective soil pressure is 4 kip/ft 2 . Determine the maximum allowable value
for L.
Elevation
Plan
M 48
.3478 ft
P 138
6 M 138 6 (48)
L
P
2
4
Assume e
2
6
L
L3
L
L3
e
L 6.72 ft
Problem 7.4
The allowable soil pressure is qallowable 250 kN/m2 , soil 18 kN/m3 , conc 24 kN/m3 ,
PD = 1000 kN and PL = 1400 kN.
Plan
Elevation
Pu
L1 L 2
Vu ( x) L 2 q u (
L1 a
)
2 2
L q L a
M u ( x) 2 u 1
2 2 2
2400
3.23 m
229.6
qu
Pu
3440
326 kN/m2
2
L 3.25(3.25)
use L 3.25 m
L a
Vu max L q u ( ) (3.25)(326)(1.625 .225) 1483 kN
2 2
2
M u max
L q u L a (3.25)(326)
2400
4.18 m
2.5(229.6)
use L1 4.2 m
qu
Pu
3440
327.6 kN/m2
L1 L2
2.5(4.2)
Vu max L 2 q u (
L1 a
) (2.5)(327.6)(2.1 .225) 1536 kN
2 2
2
M u max
L q L a (2.5)(327.6)
2 u 1
(2.1 .225) 2 1440 kN-m
2 2 2
2
Problem 7.5
A 350 mm x 350 mm column is to be supported on a shallow foundation. Determine the
dimensions (either square or rectangular) for the following conditions. The effective soil pressure
is qeffective 180 kN/m2 .
(a) The centerline of the column coincides with the centerline of the footing.
Plan
Elevation
q
6 (P e)
P
q effective
L1 L 2
L 2 L12
6 (550)
240
180
2.5L1
2.5L12
180L12 220L1 576 0
L1 2.5 m
(b) The center line of the column is 0.75meter from the property line.
Plan
q
Elevation
6 (P e)
P
q effective
L1 L 2
L 2 L12
6 ( 1 .75)(550) 240
550
2
180
2
2.5L1
2.5L1
L1 3.97 m
use L1 4 m
(c) The center line of the column is 0.5 meter from the centroid of the footing.
Plan
Elevation
6 (P e)
P
q effective
L1 L 2
L 2 L12
6 (515)
550
180
2.5L1
2.5L12
180 L12 220 L1 1236 0
L1 3.3 m
Problem 7.6
A combined footing supports two square columns: Column A is 14 inches x 14 inches and
carries a dead load of 140 kips and a live load of 220 kips. Column B is 16 inches x 16 inches
and carries a dead load of 260 kips and a live load of 300 kips. The effective soil pressure is
qe 4.5 k/ft 2 . Assume the soil pressure distribution is uniform. Determine the footing
8
dimensions for the following geometric configurations. Establish the shear and moment diagrams
corresponding to the factored loading, Pu =1.2 PD +1.6 PL.
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Problem 7.7
Column A is 350 mm x 350 mm and carries a dead load of 1300 kN and a live load of 450 kN.
Column B is 450 mm x 450 mm and carries a dead load of 1400 kN and a live load of 800 kN.
The combined footing shown below is used to support these columns. Determine the soil
pressure distribution and the shear and bending moment distributions along the longitudinal
direction corresponding to the factored loading, Pu =1.2 PD +1.6 PL.
Elevation
20
Plan
21
22
23
Problem 7.8
Dimension a strap footing for the situation shown. The exterior column A is 14 inches x 14
inches and carries a dead load of 160 kips and a live load of 130 kips; the interior column B is 18
inches x 18 inches and carries a dead load of 200 kips and a live load of 187.5 kips; the distance
between the center lines of the columns is 18 ft. Assume the strap is placed such that it does not
bear directly on the soil. Take the effective soil pressure as qe 4.5 k/ft 2 . Draw shear and
moment diagrams using a factored load of Pu =1.2 PD +1.6 PL.
24
Plan
Elevation
25
Problem 7.9
Column A is 350 mm x 350 mm and carries a dead load of 1300 kN and a live load of 450 kN.
Column B is 450 mm x 450 mm and carries a dead load of 1400 kN and a live load of 800 kN.
A strap footing is used to support the columns and the center line of Column A is 0.5 meter from
the property line. Assume the strap is placed such that it does not bear directly on the soil.
Determine the soil pressure distribution and the shear and bending moment distributions along
the longitudinal direction corresponding to the factored loading, Pu =1.2 PD +1.6 PL.
26
Elevation
Plan
27
28
Problem 7.10
An exterior 18 in x18 in column with a total vertical service load of P1 = 180 kips and an interior
20 in x20 in column with a total vertical service load of P2 = 240 kips are to be supported at each
column by a pad footing connected by a strap beam. Assume the strap is placed such that it does
not bear directly on the soil.
(a) Determine the dimensions L1 and L 2 for the pad footings that will result in a uniform
effective soil pressure not exceeding 3 k/ft 2 under each pad footing. Use ft increments.
(b) Determine the soil pressure profile under the footings determined in part (a) when an
additional loading, consisting of an uplift force of 80 kips at the exterior column and an
uplift force of 25 kips at the interior column, is applied.
29
30
31
32
33
Problem 8.1
For the concrete retaing wall shown, determine the factors of safety against sliding and
overturning and the base pressure distribution.
1
1
1
soil H 2 k a (18)(3.5) 2 ( ) 49 kN
2
2
3
H
3.5
M
Pa ( ) 49( ) 57.16 kN-m
overturning
3
3
Pa
W1 (24)(0.75)(3)(1) 54 kN
3
W2 (24)( )(1.25)(1) 45 kN
2
W3 (24)(2)(0.5)(1) 24 kN
N N Wi 123 kN
Fmax N .5(123) 61.5 kN
Fmax 61.5
1.25
Pa
49
2
M
W1 (1.625) W2 ( )(1.25) W3 (1) 149.2 kN-m
resisting
3
M
149.2
resisting
F.S.
2.6
overturning
M
57.16
F.S. sliding
overturning
M net M
resisting
Moverturning 92 kN-m
Page 1 of Chapter I
M net
N
.748
L
x=.25 m
2
N 6 e 123 6(.25)
2
q1 1
1
107.6 kN/m
L
L 2
2
e
q2
N 6 e 123 6(.25)
2
1
1
15.3 kN/m
L
L 2
2
Problem 8.2
For the concrete retaing wall shown, determine the factors of safety against sliding and
overturning and the base pressure distribution. Use the Rankine theory for soil pressure
computations.
Page 2 of Chapter I
1
1
1
soil H 2 k a (18)(3.5) 2 ( ) 49 kN
2
2
3
H
3.5
M
Pa ( ) 49( ) 57.16 kN-m
overturning
3
3
Pa
W1 (24)(0.75)(3)(1) 54 kN
3
W2 (24)( )(1.25)(1) 45 kN
2
W3 (24)(3)(0.5) 36 kN
W4 (18)(3)(1) 24 kN
N Wi 189 kN
Fmax N .5(123) 94.5 kN
Fmax 94.5
1.928
Pa
49
314.23 kN-m
F.S. sliding
resisting
F.S.
overturning
M net M
M net
x
e
resisting
M
M
resisting
overturning
314.23
5.49
57.16
1.36 m
L
x 1.5 1.36 .14 m
2
q1
N 6 e
2
1
45.4 kN/m
L
L
q2
N 6 e
2
1
8.1 kN/m
L
L
Page 3 of Chapter I
Problem 8.3
For the concrete retaining wall shown, determine the factors of safety against sliding and
overturning and the base pressure distribution. Use the Rankine theory for soil pressure
computations
Page 4 of Chapter I
Pa
1
1 1
k a s H 2 ( )(.12)(14) 2 3.92 kip
2
2 3
M Boverturning
Fmax 8.43
2.15
Pa
3.92
H
14
Pa ( ) 3.92( ) 18.24 k-ft
3
3
F.S.overturning
Page 5 of Chapter I
M Bresisting
M Boverturning
127.1
6.97
18.24
M Bnet 108.86
6.45ft
N
16.86
L
13
x 6.45 .05 ft
2
2
Using the above values, the peak pressures are
e
6e
N
16.86
6(.05)
(1
)
(1
)
L
L
13
13
Problem 8.4
Page 6 of Chapter I
F.S. sliding (
1.25
c
b
b
) ( 2 ) (1 1 )
k a s H
b2
.5 (.15)
b
1
( 2 ) (1 )
(1/ 3) (.12) 14
b2
F.S.
overturning
2 c b2
k a s H
F.S. sliding (
F.S.
overturning
b 2 8.33
1 b1 b1
1
2 b2 b2
c
b
b
) ( 2 ) (1 1 )
k a s H
b2
2(.15) b2
(1/3) (.12) 14
1
1 1
1 1.75
2 b2 b2
For b2 8.33
F.S.
overturning
2(.15) 8.33
(1/3) (.12) 14
1
1 1
1
2.95 1.75
2 8.33 8.33
Problem 8.5
3
3
Assume: soil= 0.12 k/ft , concrete = 0.15 k/ft , = .5 and = 300
Page 7 of Chapter I
1
1
1
soil H 2 k a (.12)(22) 2 ( ) 9.68 kip
2
2
3
1
Ps k a ws H = ( ) (.2) (22) 1.47
3
1
1
Pp
k p s H'2 (3)(.12)(4) 2 2.88 kip
2
2
Pa
Pa + Ps Pp 8.27 kip
Pa (
horizontal
overturning
H
H
22
22
) Ps ( ) 9.68 ( ) 1.47( ) 87.15
3
2
3
2
W 22
i
Fmax N 11
F.S.sliding =
Fmax
11
1.33
Fhorizontal 8.27
Page 8 of Chapter I
1.76
M Boverturning 87.15
M Bnet 66.85
3ft
N
22
L
11
x 3 3.5 ft
2
2
q1 (3a)
2
L
1.83
6
q1
(22)(2)
=4.89 kip/ft 2
3(3)
Problem 8.6
Allowable soil pressure = 5.0 ksf , soil =.12 k/ft 3 and concrete =.15 k/ft 3
Page 9 of Chapter I
1
1 1
k a s H 2 ( )(.12)(24) 2 11.52 kip
2
2 3
H
24
M B overturning Pa ( ) 11.52( ) 92.16 kip-ft
3
3
Pa
Page 10 of Chapter I
10
W 30 kip
i
Fmax
15
1.3
Pa
11.52
M Bresisting
M Boverturning
236
2.56
92.16
M Bnet 143.84
4.79ft
N
30
L
13
x 4.79 1.7 ft
2
2
6e
N
30
6(1.7)
(1
)
(1
)
L
L
13
13
Page 11 of Chapter I
11
1
p k a s H ( )(.12)(24) 0.96 kip/ft
3
Problem 8.7
Suggest values for b1 and b 2 . Take the safety factors for sliding and over turning to be equal to 2.
Assume: soil =.12 k/ft 3 , concrete =.15 k/ft 3 , = .57, and = 300
Page 12 of Chapter I
12
1
1
1
soil H 2 k a (.12)(16) 2 ( ) 5.12 kip
2
2
3
1
Ps k a ws H = ( ) (.1) (16) .53
3
1
1
Pp
k p s H'2 (3)(.12)(4) 2 2.88 kip
2
2
Pa
Pa + Ps Pp 2.77
Pa (
horizontal
overturning
H
H
16
16
) Ps ( ) 5.12 ( ) .53( ) 31.55
3
2
3
2
W 6.3+.3(b +b +3)+2.4b
i
Fmax
4.1 1.54(b1 +b 2 )
2
F
2.77
horizontal
b2 0.935 b1
Page 13 of Chapter I
13
b1 +b 2 0.935
M Bresisting W1 (1.5 b1 )+W2 (.5b1 +.5b 2 +1.5)+W3 (b1 +.5b 2 +3)+W4 (2.5)+Pp (1.33)
6.3(1.5 b1 ) .3(b1 +b 2 +3)(.5b1 +.5b 2 +1.5) 16.8(b1 +.5b2 +3) 2.4b1 (2.5) 2.88(1.33)
106.4 3.9b1
F.S.overturning
M Bresisting
M Boverturning
106.4 3.9b1
2
31.55
b1 0
b2 .935ft
Problem 8.8
Determine the minimum value of w at which soil failure occurs (i.e., the soil pressure exceeds
the allowable soil pressure).
Assume: qallowable 5 k/ft 2 , soil =.12 k/ft 3 , concrete =.15 k/ft 3 , = .57 and = 300
Page 14 of Chapter I
14
1
1
1
soil H 2 k a (.12)(22) 2 ( ) 9.68 kip
2
2
3
1
Ps k a ws H = ( ) ( ws ) (22) 7.33 ws
3
1
1
Pp
k p s (H' )2 (3)(.12)(4)2 2.88 kip
2
2
Pa
Pa (
horizontal
overturning
H
H
22
) Ps ( ) 9.68( ) 7.33 ws (11) 71 80.6 ws
3
2
3
W 28.2 kip
i
6e
N
(1
)5
L
L
M net
6e
28.2
(1
)5
14
14
e 3.46 ft
M net
28.2
M
L
e x 7 net 3.46
2
28.2
M net 99.8
M net M
resisting
Moverturning
Page 15 of Chapter I
ws .96kip/ft 2
15
Problem 8.9
(a)
The answer is case (a).
Problem 8.10
(a) Determine the factor of safety with respect to overturning and sliding.
(b) Identify the tension areas in the stem, toe, and heel and show the reinforcing pattern.
(c) Determine the location of the line of action of the resultant at the base of the footing
Page 16 of Chapter I
16
1
1
soil H 2 k a (.1)(12) 2 (.4) 2.88 kip
2
2
H
12
M
Pa ( )+2(15) 2.88( ) 30 41.52 kip-ft
overturning
3
3
Pa
2.72
Pa
2.88
F.S. sliding
resisting
F.S.
93.53 kip-ft
overturning
Page 17 of Chapter I
M
M
resisting
overturning
93.53
2.25
41.52
17
M net M
x
e
M net
N
resisting
M overturning 52 kip-ft
52
3.84
13.525
L
x 6 3.84 2.16 ft
2
Page 18 of Chapter I
L
2ft
6
18
Problem 9.1
Take E=29,000 ksi and I= 200 in 4 .
17 wL4
17(2)(30) 4 (12)3
33.78 in
B,0 243EI
243(29000)(200)
3
8(30)3 (12)3
8L
0.794 in
BB 81EI
81(29000)(200)
B 1 in
Page 1 of Chapter 9
RB
B,0 R B BB 1 in
B,0 1
BB
33.78 1
41.28 kip
0.794
Problem 9.2
Take E=200 GPa and I= 80(10)6 mm4 .
B,0 R B BB 12 mm
B 12 mm
Page 2 of Chapter 9
wL4
15(6) 4 (10)9
151.875 mm
B,0 8EI
8(200)(80)106
Table 3.1
3
(6)3 (10)9
L
4.5 mm
BB 3EI
3(200)(80)106
RB
B,0 12
BB
151.875 12
31.08 kN
4.5
Problem 9.3
kv= 60 k/in, E=29,000 ksi, I= 200 in 4
Page 3 of Chapter 9
17 wL4
17(1.0)(20) 4 (12)3
D,0 384EI 384(29000)(200) 2.11 in
3
(20)3 (12)3
L
0.0993 in
DD 24EI
24(29000)(200)
FCD
D,0
1
DD
kV
2.11
1
0.0993
60
Problem 9.4
L = 5 m, E = 200 GPa, I= 170(10)6 mm4
(a)
Page 4 of Chapter 9
18.19 kip
B,0 110.49 mm
BB
L3
(12)3 (10)9
1.059 mm
48EI
48(200)(170)106
RB
(b)
Page 5 of Chapter 9
B,0
BB
110.4 kN
BB
L3
(12)3 (10)9
1.059 mm
48EI
48(200)(170)106
RB
B
BB
8.33
7.86 kN
1.059
(c)
BB
L3
(12)3 (10)9
1.059 mm
48EI
48(200)(170)106
RB
(d)
Page 6 of Chapter 9
B
BB
20
18.89 kN
1.059
R B 18.89 kN
P
40(10)9
25.946
25.946
30.52 mm
B,0
EI
(200)(170)(10)6
3
(12)3 (10)9
L
1.059 mm
BB 48EI
48(200)(170)(10)6
FB
(e)
Page 7 of Chapter 9
B,0
BB
1
kV
30.52
1.059
1
40
28.15 kN
57 wL4
57(20)(12) 4 (10)9
113.16 mm
D,0 6144EI
6144(200)(170)(10)6
3
3(12)3 (10)9
3L
0.596 mm
DD 256EI
256(200)(170)(10)6
FD
D,0
DD
1
kV
113.16
17.97 kN
1
0.596
40
Problem 9.5
I 400 in 4 , E 29,000 ksi , L 54 ft , w 2.1 kip/ft , B 1.2 in
Page 8 of Chapter 9
B,0 R B BB 0
4wL4
14.6 in
B,0
729 EI
4L3
BB 243EI .386 in
Page 9 of Chapter 9
RB
B,0
BB
14.6
37.8 kip
0.386
R B BB 1.2 in
1.2 1.2
3.1 kip
R B 3.1 kip
BB 0.386
Problem 9.6
AC 1200 mm2 , L 9 m, P 40 kN and E 200 GPa .
RB
Page 10 of Chapter 9
Page 11 of Chapter 9
Problem 9.7
x
x
y 4h ( ) 2
L L
Io
cos
Page 12 of Chapter 9
Page 13 of Chapter 9
Page 14 of Chapter 9
(b) Utilize the results of part (a) to obtain an analytical expression for the horizontal reaction
due to a distributed loading, w( x) .
Page 15 of Chapter 9
(d) Suppose the horizontal support at B is replaced by a member extending from A to B. Repeat
part (a).
Page 16 of Chapter 9
Problem 9.8
Consider the semi-circular arch shown below. Determine the distribution of the axial and shear
forces and the bending moment. The cross section properties are constant.
Page 17 of Chapter 9
Page 18 of Chapter 9
Problem 9.9
Take A 20,000 mm2
Page 19 of Chapter 9
Case (a):
Deflected shape
Case (b):
Page 20 of Chapter 9
Deflected shape
Case (c):
Page 21 of Chapter 9
Deflected shape
Problem 9.10
Consider the following values for the area of the tension rod AC: 4 in 2 , 8 in 2 , 16 in 2 .
A 30 in 2
A 30 in 2
Page 22 of Chapter 9
Bending moment
Axial force
Bending moment
Page 23 of Chapter 9
Axial force
Bending moment
Axial force
Problem 9.11
Page 24 of Chapter 9
A 40 in 2
Case(a):
Page 25 of Chapter 9
Case (c):
Page 26 of Chapter 9
Problem 9.12
Determine the horizontal reaction at support D.
Page 27 of Chapter 9
H D1
P
1 kip
2
rg
I2 I
L 16
H D2
Problem 9.13
Page 28 of Chapter 9
wL
12h
rc
I1 I
h 20
2
rg
rc
5
4
1
(32)
1
2.33 kip
r
2
2 g 12(20) 1 ( 5 )
1
3 4
3 rc
Consider h = 2 m, 4 m, 6 m.
0 x1 9
0 x2 9
M 0 (x2 ) 101.25 x2
Page 29 of Chapter 9
M(x1 )
x1
6
9h
M(x2 )
x2
6
9h
B,0
x
x
1
1
1
M 0 M dS (101.25 x1 7.5 x12 )( 1 6) dx1 (101.25 x2 )( 2 6) dx2
EI s
EI 0
9h
EI 0
9h
BB
x
x
1
1
1
2
M dS ( 1 6)2 dx1 ( 1 6) 2 dx2
EI s
EI 0 9h
EI 0 9h
Then H B
EI B,0
B,0
BB
0.0676(10)6
0.0847(10)6
6
0.1067(10)
for h 2m
for h 4m
for h 6m
25.7 kN
H B 23.7 kN
21.78 kN
Page 30 of Chapter 9
EI BB
for h 2m
for h 4m
for h 6m
0.00263(10) 6
0.00357(10) 6
6
0.0049(10)
for h 2m
for h 4m
for h 6m
Problem 9.14
Determine the peak positive and negative moments as a function of h. Consider h = 10 ft, 20 ft,
30 ft.
Page 31 of Chapter 9
M BA
wL2
12
1
1.2(50)2
1
250
h
1r
12 1 1 ( h )
1
1 g
2 25
50
2 rc
wL 2 1
ME
18 3 1 rg
1+
2 rc
M max M BA
max
2
375 1h
3(1 )
50
208 kip-ft
178.6 kip-ft
156.2 kip-ft
166.6 kip-ft
M E 196.4 kip-ft
218.7 kip-ft
for h 10ft
for h 20ft
for h 30ft
for h 10ft
for h 20ft
for h 30ft
Problem 9.15
Using a Computer software system, determine the bending moment distribution and deflected
shape due to the loading shown.
Page 32 of Chapter 9
Problem 9.16
Take E=200 GPa, I 400(10)6 mm4 , A=100000 mm2 and AC 1200 mm2 , 2400 mm2 , 4800
Page 33 of Chapter 9
(a)
Page 34 of Chapter 9
Page 35 of Chapter 9
(b)
Page 36 of Chapter 9
Page 37 of Chapter 9
Page 38 of Chapter 9
Problem 9.17
Both cases (a) and (b) will are rigid frames and will have large horizontal displacements and will
behave the same. In case (b) the added member will not carry any load. In case (c) the diagonal
member changes the behavior. The frame will behave like a truss. All the members only carry
axial forces and lateral movement will be very small.
Case (a):
Case (b):
Case (c):
Page 39 of Chapter 9
Problem 9.18
E= 29,000 ksi, A= 1 in 2 all members
F0
F2 L F0 + X1 F
14.14(12) -3.53 -.707 423.47 84.81 4.62
14.14(12) -17.67 -.707 2119.75 84.81 -9.51
10(12)
12.5
.5
750
30
6.73
10(12)
12.5
.5
750
30
6.73
10(12)
0
1
0
120
-11.53
F F L 4043 F2 L 349.6
member L, in
ab
bc
cd
da
bd
Page 40 of Chapter 9
F0
F F L
L
4043
0.139
AE 29000
349.6
2 L
11 F
0.012
AE 29000
1,0 F0 F
1,0
0.139
11.53
11
0.012
Knowing the value of X1 , we determine the member forces and reactions by using superposition.
Member forces are listed below.
1,0 11 X1 0
X1
Problem 9.19
Assume the vertical reaction at d as the force redundant.
E= 200 GPa, A= 660 mm2 all members, = 12x10-6 / 0C , T 100 C
Page 41 of Chapter 9
member L, mm
e temp = TL
F e temp
ab
bc
cd
da
bd
-.606
-.714
.428
.428
1
0.67884
0.67884
0
0
0
-.4073
-.4819
0
0
0
5657
5657
3000
4000
4000
F2 L
2077.4
2883.9
549.5
732.7
4000
X1 F
-6.9
-8.1
4.8
4.8
11.4
F 0.889 L F 10243.5
2
temp
L
10243.5
0.0776
AE 660(200)
1,0 11 X1 0
X1
1,0
11
0.889
11.4
0.0776
Knowing the value of X1 , we determine the member forces and reactions by using superposition.
Member forces are listed below.
Page 42 of Chapter 9
Problem 9.20
E=29,000 ksi and A= 1 in 2 all members.
F2 L F0 F L F0 + X1 F
12(12) 0
-.8 92.16 0
7.6
9(12) -10
-.6 38.88 648
-4.3
12(12) -19.33 -.8 92.16 2226.8 -11.7
9(12) 0
-.6 32.88 0
5.7
15(12) 16.66 1
180
2998.8 7.2
15(12) 0
1
180
0
-9.5
2
F L 616 F0 FL 58736
member L, in
ab
bc
cd
da
ac
bd
F0
Page 43 of Chapter 9
L
5873.6
0.2025
AE 2900(1)
616
2 L
11 F
0.0212
AE 2900(1)
1,0 F0 F
1,0
.2025
9.5
11
.0212
Knowing the value of X1 , we determine the member forces and reactions by using superposition.
Member forces are listed below.
1,0 11 X1 0
X1
Problem 9.21
A1 A2 A3 A4 10 in 2 , A 5 = 5 in 2 , = 6.5x10-6 / 0F , T= 600 , E= 29,000 ksi
Page 44 of Chapter 9
member L, in
ab
bc
cd
da
bd
28.84(12)
28.84(12)
20(12)
20(12)
12(12)
1,0
11
L/AE
e temp =
0.001193
0.001193
0.000827
0.000827
0.000993
TL
0.13497
0.13497
0.0936
0.0936
0.05616
F0 FL
AE
AE
temp
F0
12
-6
4.16
4.16
5
-1.8
-1.8
2.5
2.5
3
etemp F
-.2429
-.2429
0
0
0
F0 FL
AE
-.0257
.0128
.0086
.0086
.0148
AE
.00386
.00386
.00516
.00516
.00893
F0 + X1 F
-19.1
-37.1
47.3
47.3
56.8
0.027
1,0
0.466
17.26
11 0.027
Knowing the value of X1 , we determine the member forces and reactions by using superposition.
Member forces are listed below.
1,0 11 X1 0
Page 45 of Chapter 9
X1
Problem 9.22
Assume the force in member ac and the reaction at support f as force redundants.
2
Page 46 of Chapter 9
F1
F0
F2
member
L, mm
F0
F1
F2
F0 F1 L
F0 F2 L
ab
bc
cd
de
ef
fa
bf
ac
cf
ce
4000
3000
3000
4000
3000
3000
5000
5000
4000
5000
-20
15
30
0
15
30
-25
0
20
-25
-.5
-.375
0
0
.375
0
.625
0
.5
-.625
-.8
-.6
0
0
0
-.6
1
1
-.8
0
40000
-16875
0
0
16875
0
78125
0
40000
-78125
64000
-27000
0
0
0
-54000
-125000
0
-64000
0
F F L
80000
F F L
(F ) L
6750
(F ) L
Page 47 of Chapter 9
(F1 )2 L
1000
422
0
0
422
0
1953
0
1000
1953
(F2 )2 L
2560
1080
0
0
0
1080
5000
5000
2560
0
206000
17280
F F L
1
3800
F1 F2 L
1000
675
0
0
0
0
3125
0
-1000
0
1,0
F0F1L
80000
.4 mm
EA
200(1000)
2,0
(F1 )2 L
6750
11
0.03375
EA
200(1000)
12 21
F0F2 L
206000
-1.03 mm
EA
200(1000)
(F2 )2 L
17280
22
0.0864
EA
200(1000)
FF
3800
1
2L
0.019
EA
200(1000)
F2
F1
1,0 11 X1 12 X 2 0
2,0 21 X1 22 X 2 0
X1 21.2 kN
X 2 16.58 kN
Knowing the value of X1 and X 2 , we determine the member forces and reactions by using
superposition.
Page 48 of Chapter 9
member
ab
bc
cd
de
ef
fa
bf
ac
cf
ce
F0
-20
15
30
0
15
30
-25
0
20
-25
F1
-.5
-.375
0
0
.375
0
.625
0
.5
-.625
F2
-.8
-.6
0
0
0
-.6
1
1
-.8
0
F0 + X1 F1 + X 2 F2
-22.67
13.0
30
0
7
20
-21.67
16.58
-3.86
-11.75
Page 49 of Chapter 9
Problem 10.1
Take E = 200 GPa and A 2000 mm2
(a) A1
1
A
2
AE (2000)200
94.28
L1 3 2(1000)
A1E (1000)200
66.67
L2
3(1000)
AE (2000)200
66.67
L3
6(1000)
kN
mm
kN
mm
kN
mm
F(1)
AE
AE
cos45 u 2
sin45 v2 66.67u 2 66.67v2
L1
L1
F(2)
A1E
v2 66.67v2
L2
F(3) -
AE
AE
cos30 u 2
sin30 v2 57.73u 2 33.33v2
L3
L3
0.707 F(1)
0.86 F(3) 45
96.78 u 2 18.47 v2 45
18.27 u 2 130.47 v2 90
u 2 0.342 mm
v2 0.645 mm
(b) A1 2A
AE (2000)200
kN
94.28
L1 3 2(1000)
mm
A1E (4000)200
kN
266.67
L2
3(1000)
mm
AE (2000)200
kN
66.67
L3
6(1000)
mm
F(1)
AE
AE
cos45 u 2
sin45 v2 66.67u 2 66.67v2
L1
L1
F(2)
A1E
v2 266.67v2
L2
F(3) -
AE
AE
cos30 u 2
sin30 v2 57.73u 2 33.33v2
L3
L3
96.78 u 2 18.47 v2 45
18.27 u 2 330.47 v2 90
u 2 0.417 mm
v2 0.25 mm
1
For A1 A
2
F(1) 65.62 kN
F(2) 42.79 kN
F(3) 1.62 kN
u 2 0.342 mm
v2 0.642 mm
90.00
45.00
o
FX 6.562E+01
FX 1.619E+00
FX 4.279E+01
For A1 2A
F(1) 44.37 kN
F(2) 66.48 kN
F(3) -15.73 kN
u 2 0.416 mm
v2 0.249 mm
90.00
45.00
FX 4.438E+01
FX -1.573E+01
FX 6.648E+01
Problem 10.2
Take A=0.1 in 2 , A1 =0.4 in 2 , and E=29,000 ksi.
cos 0.6
sin 0.8
AE AE (0.1)29000
kip
9.67
L1
L3
25(12)
in
A1E (0.4)29000
kip
96.67
L2
10(12)
in
AE
AE
cos u 2
sin v2 5.8 u 2 7.74 v2
L1
L1
F(2)
F(3) -
A1E
v2 96.67 v2
L2
AE
AE
cos u 2
sin v2 5.8 u 2 7.74 v2
L3
L3
6.96 u 2 6
109 v2 10
u 2 0.862 in
v2 0.092 in
F(1)
AE
AE
cos u 2
sin v2 5.8 u 2 7.74 v2
L1
L1
F(2)
F(3) -
A1E
1
1
(v2 ) 96.67 (v2 )
L2
2
2
AE
AE
cos u 2
sin v2 5.8 u 2 7.74 v2
L3
L3
F(1) F(3)
u2 0
v2 0.443 in
For the following beams and frames defined in Problems 10.3- 10.18, determine the
member end moments using the slope-deflection equations.
Problem 10.3
Assume E=29,000 ksi, I 200 in 4 , L 30 ft , C .6 in and w 1.2 kip/ft .
Let
AB
BC
EI
2k
L
k member AB
k member BC
EI
k
2L
B A
0
L
B
0.6
1
C
2L
60(12)
1200
EI 29000(200) 1
671.3 kip-ft
2L
2(30)
(144)
90
4k 2 90
M AB 4k
M BA
M BC 2k 2 B - 3( C B ) 2k 2 B - 3 BC
2L
M CB 2k B - 3( C B ) 2k B - 3 BC
2L
8k B 90 2k 2 B - 3 BC 0
12k B 6k BC 90
90 6(671.3)(
12(671.3)
1
)
1200 0.01076 rad
counterclockwise
M BA 4(671.3) 2(0.01076)
90 32.21 kip-ft
Problem 10.4
Assume E= 200 GPa, I2 80(10)6 mm4 and L2 6 m .
(a) Let
F
AB
M FBC
k member AB
22(6)2
66 kN-m
12
45(6)
33.75 kN-m
8
EI2
L2
k member BC
EI2
k
L2
22(6)2
M
66 kN-m
12
45(6)
F
M CB
33.75 kN-m
8
F
BA
M AB 2k B 66
M BA 4k B 66
M BC 4k B 33.75
M CB 2k B 33.75
4k B 66 4k B 33.75 0
k B 4.03
(b) Let
k member AB
E(2I2 )
2k
L2
k member BC
EI 2
k
L2
M AB 4k B 66
M BA 8k B 66
M BC 4k B 33.75
M CB 2k B 33.75
8k B 66 4k B 33.75 0
10
k B 2.68
(c) Let
k member AB
E(2I2 )
k
(2L2 )
22(12)2
264 kN-m
12
45(6)
33.75 kN-m
8
k member BC
EI2
k
L2
22(12)2
264 kN-m
12
45(6)
33.75 kN-m
8
M FAB
F
M BA
M FBC
F
M CB
M BC 4k B 33.75
M CB 2k B 33.75
4k B 264 4k B 33.75 0
11
k B 28.78
Problem 10.5
E=29,000 ksi and I 300 in 4 , L=20 ft
Let
k member AB k member BC
EI
k
L
1.5(20)2
50 kip-ft
12
10(20)
25 kip-ft
8
M FAB
M FBC
1.5(20)2
50 kip-ft
12
10(20)
25 kip-ft
8
F
M BA
F
M CB
M AB 2k B 50
M BA 4k B 50
M BC 2k (2 B C ) 25
M CB 2k ( B 2C ) 25
2k ( B 2C ) 25 25 0
M BA M BC 0
k B
4k B 50 2k (2 B C ) 25 0
25
7
k C
25
14
12
2 C B
8k B 2k C 25
Problem 10.6
E= 200 GPa, I 80(10)6 mm4 , P=45kN, h =3 m and L 9 m .
M BAmodified
3EI
B
L
M CB 0
3EI
B
L
Enforce moment equilibrium at node B:
M BCmodified
6EI
B 135
L
EI
B 22.5
L
The corresponding end moments are:
13
M BA =67.5 kN-m
counterclockwise
M BC =67.5 kN-m
counterclockwise
Problem 10.7
E=29,000 ksi, I 200 in 4 , L 18 ft , and w 1.2 k/ft .
M BC k 2 B C
F
M BC
k 2 B B 129.6 k B 129.6
M CB M BC
Enforce moment equilibrium at node B:
14
M BAmodified M BC 0
4k B 129.6 0
k B 32.4
M BA 97.2 kip-ft
clockwise
counterclockwise
Problem 10.8
Assume E= 200 GPa and I 80(10)6 mm4
Let
k member AB k member CD
30(12) 2
144 kN-m
30
45(18)
M FBC
101.25 kN-m
8
30(12) 2
F
M CD
216 kN-m
20
M FAB
EI
1.5k
12
EI
k
18
30(12) 2
216 kN-m
20
45(18)
F
M CB
101.25 kN-m
8
30(12) 2
M FDC
144 kN-m
30
F
M BA
k member BC
k B 14.34
Let
16
k member AB (
EI
3
) k
20
2
k member BC
EI
k
30
k member CD (
EI
5
) k
18
3
M BC 2k 2 B C
M CB
M CD
90
2k 2 90
5
2( k) 2 36
3
B
5
M DC 2( k) C 36
3
Enforce moment equilibrium at nodes B and C:
M BA M BC 0
M CB M CD 0
3
3( k) B 75 2k 2 B C 90 0
2
5
2k B 2 C 90 2( k) 2 C 36 0
3
8.5k B 2k C 15
2k B 10.667k C 54
k B 3.08
M BC 2k 2 B C
M CB
M CD
90 88.9 kip-ft
2k 2 90 73.6 kip-ft
5
2( k) 2 36 73.6 kip-ft
3
B
5
M DC 2( k) C 36 17.2 kip-ft
3
17
k C 5.64
Problem 10.10
Assume E= 200 GPa, and I 100(10)6 mm4 .
Let
k member AB k member BC
EI
k
L
90(6)(3) 2
60 kN-m
92
30(9) 2
202.5 kN-m
12
90(6) 2 (3)
120 kN-m
92
10(20)
202.5 kN-m
8
M FAB
F
M BA
M FBC
F
M CB
M AB 2k B 60
M BA 4k B 120
M BC 2k (2 B C ) 202.5
M CB 2k ( B 2C ) 202.5
k B 16.6
2k ( B 2C ) 202.5 135 0
4k B 120 2k (2 B C ) 202.5 0
k C 25.18
18
k ( B 2 C ) 33.75
8k B 2k C 82.5
Problem 10.11
Assume E 29,000ksi and I 100 in 4 .
Let
k AB k BC
E(4I)
EI
)
2k
20
5
k BD modified
k B 0.8
The corresponding end moments are:
M BA modified M BC modified 3(2k) B 4.8 kip-ft
M BD modified 3(k) B 2.4 kip-ft
19
EI
k
10
Problem 10.12
Assume E 200 GPa , Ic 120(10)6 mm4 , L 8 m , h 4 m and P=50 kN.
(a) Ib Ic
(b) Ib 1.5Ic
20
21
M AD
M AB
Problem 10.13
Assume E 29,000ksi and I 200 in 4 .
23
24
Problem 10.15
I 600 in 4
A 6 in 2
E 29, 000 k/in 2
25
Problem 10.16
Assume E 200 GPa , and I 120(10)6 mm4 .
Neglecting axial deformation.
HC HD 22.5 , A C
k AC
EI
2k
6
k BC
E(2I)
k
24
M CA 4k ( A 3 )
M AC 4k (2 A 3 )
MAB 2k (2A C ) 6k A
M AB M BA 50.6 kN-m
M AC M BD 50.6 kN-m
MCA MDB 84.4 kN-m
26
Problem 10.17
Assume E 29,000ksi and I 200 in 4 .
Problem 10.18
Assume E 200 GPa , and I 80(10)6 mm4 .
27
28
Problem 10.19
Assume E 29,000ksi and I 200 in 4 .
29
Deflection profile
Moment Diagram
For the following beams and frames defined in Problems 10.20- 10.34, determine the
member end moments using moment distribution.
Problem 10.20
E = 29,000 ksi, I = 300 in 4
30
F
AB
M F BA
2(45) 2
10(60)
135 kip-ft
M F BC
75 kip-ft
30
8
2(45) 2
F
DFDC DFAB 0
I
7I
I
I
( )( )
45
60 180
L
4
At joints B or C DFBA DFCD 45
7
I
7
180
4 3
DFCB DFBC 1-
7 7
Case(a):
31
1.0(45) 2
168.75 kip-ft
12
168.75 kip-ft
M FCD
M F DC
Case (b):
M F AB set. M F BA set.
6EIB 6(29000)(300)(.5)
7.45 kip-ft
L2
(45) 2 (12)3
32
6(29000)(300)(.5)
4.19 kip-ft
(60) 2 (12)3
Case (c):
33
Problem 10.21
Check your results with Computer analysis. Assume E 200 GPa , and I 75(10)6 mm4 .
34
Shear diagram
Moment diagram
Problem 10.22
Assume EI constant.
(a)
35
(b)
36
Problem 10.23
Determine the bending moment distribution. Assume EI is constant.
37
Problem 10.24
Determine the bending moment distribution. Assume I1 1.4I2 .
38
Problem 10.25
Determine the bending moment distribution.
39
Problem 10.26
Solve for the bending moments. B .4 in ,E=29,000 ksi and I 240 in 4 .
40
Problem 10.27
Determine the bending moment distribution and the deflected shape. E=29,000 ksi
(a)
41
Take I1 I2 1000 in 4
Moment diagram
Deflected shape
(b)
42
Moment diagram
Deflected shape
Case (a) has larger moment and deflection compare to case(b).
43
Problem 10.28
Determine the axial, shear, and bending moment distributions. Take Ig =2Ic
Axial Force
44
Shear diagram
45
(a)
(b)
46
(c)
Problem 10.30
Determine the bending moment distribution for the following loadings. Take Ig 5Ic .
(a)
47
(b)
48
(c)
49
50
Moment diagram
Problem 10.32
Determine the bending moment distribution.
51
52
Moment diagram
Problem 10.34
For the frame shown, determine the end moments and the reactions. Assume E 200 GPa , and
I 40(10)6 mm4 .
M F AB 0
M F BA
24(6) 2
108 kN-m
8
I
5I
3 4I
3 4I 3 I
( ) ( ) ( )
4 6
4 6
4 3
4
L
I
Joint B
DF DF 2 0.4
DFDB .2
CB
BA
5I
4
53
Problem 10.35
Determine analytic expression for the rotation and end moments at B. Take I 1000 in 4 , A=20
in 2 for all members, and =1.0, 2.0, 5.0. Is there a upper limit for the end moment, M BD ?
54
55
k AB k BC
EI
k
20
k BD
I E
k
20
M BA modified 3(k) B
M BC modified 3(k) B
M BD modified 3(k) B 3(k)
k B 60
M0
joint B
56
EI 29000(1000) 1
10069.4 k-ft
20
20
(12)2
80 60
20
3.33 in
(80 60)(20)12
L
2.38 in
k
1.81 in
for 1.0
for 2.0
for 5.0
Problem 10.36
Compare the end moments and horizontal displacement at A for the rigid frames shown below.
Check your results for parts (c) and (d) with a computer based analysis. Take E 200 GPa , and
I 120(10)6 mm4 . A=10000 mm2 for all members.
Case (a)
57
Case (c)
58
Case (d)
59
60
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