1.

INTRODUCTION

Traverse is a series of established stations tied together by angle and distance. It is carried
out to determine the location of the construction site. Traverse is also done to prepare control
point for future usage. The position and coordinate for the points on the earths surface can be
determine and calculated by using traverse.

2.0

OBJECTIVE
1. To determine the point (coordinate) of our location which is point 1,2,3,4 and 5.
1. Set out control station plan from bearing and distance.
2. Able to do recording data process, gathering of data, analyze the data and produce the
final traverse work.
3. Settle problems that occurred while we did the traverse work by analyzing the data that
we get.

3.0

EQUIPMENT
1. 1 set total station
2. 3 set tripod
3 .2 set prism
4. Picket
5. Hammer

4.0

PROCEDURE
1

1. Our location was given by the lecturer and we observed the area of the site.
2. Two nearby datum was chosen since it acts as our temporary benchmark (TBM). D106 and
D107 is picked since it is closer to our site.
3. Five points were chosen around the block 7/8 (our site). Minimum distance for every point
should be more than 30m. A picket was hammered to the ground and acts as our point for each
station.
3. The total station was set up at D106 while the prism is set up at station 1 and D107.
4. By using the bearing of the D106, we set the value into the total station and it acts as our left
face.
5. We then shoot both prism, and the value for its bearing and distance was recorded.
6. Then, we turn it to the right face and data was recorded again.
6. The total station was then moved to our 1st point and the prism was moved to D106 and point2.
7. The value of right face from point 1 is transferred to the left face for D106 and the bearing is
set in the total station.
8. Step 5 until 7 was repeated until we reach to our last station which is D107.
9. The traverse surveying work is done clockwise.

5.0

RESULT
Bearing

Stn.

Face Left

D107

180
0020

Face right

359
5955

Average

Fr

Definite
Bearing

To

Vertical
Angle

Horizontal
Distance

180002
0

1800020

56.654

890523

890530

56.655

D106

Definite
Distance

36.096
1

D106

890525

2690520

2690523

890520

36.096
119112
5

1191130

36.097

46.587
2

1191150

2991150

2991125

1191110

46.587
184014
0

1840200

46.586

31.562
3

1840150

040130

040140

1840140

31.562
268313
0

2683130

31.562

35.364
4

2683100

883110

35.364

883105

2683100

280853

35.362

280930

34.413
5

280850

2080855

2080853

280840

34.413
239374
8

34.412

2393830

64.215
D107

2393750

593745

593748

2393730

64.215
359591
3

64.215

3600000

D107
D106

56.657
3595920

56.657

1795905

Line D7-D6 reading bearing

: 3595920
Line D7-D6 true bearing : 3595955
Bearing misclosure: -35 in 7stations

Latitude
Stn

D106
-1

Bearing

890530

Distance

36.096

0.572

Departur
-

36.091

Correctio
-

Latitud
e

0.008

Departur
e

-0.0022

Balanced
Latitud
e

0.5728

Departur
e

36.0888

Coordinate
N/S

E/W

15238.51
8

45397.88
9

15237.94
5

45361.80
0
4

1-2

119113
0

46.587

22.722

2-3

184020
0

31.567

31.489

3-4

268313
0

35.364

0.901

4-5

280930

34.413

5-D7

239383
0

64.215

D107
D106

360000
0

56.657

30.340

0.0011

-0.0030

22.720
9

40.6670

15260.66
6

45321.13
3

2.220

0.0007

-0.0020

31.488
3

-2.2220

15292.15
4

45323.35
5

35.352

0.0008

-0.0022

0.9092

35.3542

15293.06
4

45358.70
9

0.0008

-0.0021

30.340
8

16.2379

15262.72
3

45342.47
2

0.0015

-0.0040

32.453
5

-55.414

15295.17
6

45397.88
6

0.0013

-0.0035

56.658
3

-0.0035

15241.51
8

45397.88
9

0.000

0.000

16.240

32.455

55.410

56.657

87.56
9
304.899

40.670

87.57
6

93.00
1

-0.007

0.019

E closure = (El)+(Ed)

92.98
2

Linear misclosure = E closure/perimeter

5

= (-0.007)+(0.019)
= 0.0202

= 0.0202/304.899
= 1/15094.00

6.0

DATA ANALYSIS

To determine the coordinate of D6.

Given : Coordinate D100 = (-15400,-45420)

Coordinate D102
Latitude 102 = 14.645cos1352110
= -10.419
Departure 102 = 14.645sin1352110
= 10.292
Hence, x = -45420 + 10.292
= -45409.708
y = -15400 + (-10.419)
= -15410.419

Coordinate D103
Latitude 103 = 42.348cos3590410
= 42.342
Departure 103 = 42.348sin3590410
= -0.688
Hence, x = -45409.708 0.688
= -45410.396
y = -15410.419 + 42.342
= -1536
Coordinate D104
7

Latitude 104 = 44.585cos3571010

= 44.531
Departure 104 = 44.585sin3571010
= -2.202
Hence, x = -45410.396- 2.202
= -45412.598
y = -15368.077+44.531
= -15323.546

Coordinate D105
Latitude 105 = 42.858cos065730
= 42.542
Departure 105 = 42.858sin065730
= 5.192
Hence, x = -45412.598+5.192
= -45407.406
y = -15323.546+42.542
= -15281.004

Coordinate D106
Latitude 106 = 43.538cos123730
8

= 42.485
Departure 106 = 43.538sin123730
= 9.516
Hence, x = -45407.406+9.516
= -45397.89
y = -15281.004+42.485
= -15238.52

To determine allowable closure:

1800020 - 1795905
= 115

7.0

DISCUSSION

Our group was given a task at one specific location ( Block 7/8) to do the traverse
surveying that surround the whole block by doing it clockwise. First we observed and planned
where to place our picket (point), before doing the surveying works.
Our group decided to provide 5 stations where each of the stations was hammered to the
ground with a picket, where it is in the same level with the ground surface. We marked a point at
the centre of the picket as a station point.
The distance between the traverse stations must be more than 30m. The location of the
picket must be in a safe place where it cannot be disturbed by any obstructions and at a place that
is easy for us to find it later on. The traverse stations must be numbered continuously using
clockwise.
While doing the surveying works, there are three main factors that could influence our
reading. The factors are:

1. Human factor
The readings taken are not consistent because there is more than one observer. Parallax error
could also occur.

2. Environment factor
The hot weather could disturb our concentration and makes us difficult to focus on the prism.

3. Instrument factor
The total stations are not in a good condition.

8.0

CONCLUSION

10

In this traverse surveying work, we succeed to get the station coordinate, error, area, and
linear misclosure by following the instruction that have been set. The value for the coordinate of
our site is:
COORDINATE

N/S
-15237.945
-15260.666
-15292.154
-15293.064
-15262.723

E/W
-45361.800
-45321.133
-45323.355
-45358.709
-45345.472

Our allowable closure that we get is 115 which is lower than 230 for bearing closure
value, for the entire traverse. Our linear misclosure also fulfill the specification that has been
fixed which is, second class. Our value is 1:15094.
For the conclusion, this traverse surveying work is accepted and can be used for future
surveying such as tacheometry.

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