Fts Batara Mooring Design

BETARA Condensate
Terminal
3D Coupled Time
Domain Mooring
Analysis
Mooring Chain
Fatigue (FLS)
Condition
Submitted 13th October 2005
BCD3-920-49-CAL-4-001-03 Rev A
PetroChina Company Limited
ZEE Engineering Consultants Pte. Ltd.

882, Block A1, Pusat Dagang Setiajaya,
N0. 9, Jln PJS 8/9, 46150 Petaling Jaya
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Website: www.zee-eng.com
Betara Condensate Terminal

Mooring Chain Fatigue Analysis (FLS)
CONTENTS
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
INTRODUCTION
General Overview
Mooring System
Units
Standard Coordinate System
Abbreviations
SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Fatigue Analysis Results
Conclusion
Recommendation
DESIGN CODES
DESIGN BASIS
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
5
5.1
5.2
6
6.1
6.2
6.3
FSO Vessel Details

Chain Data
Weak Link
SN Curves
Hawser Data
Environmental Condition and Loads
Marine Growth
Corrosion Allowance
FATIGUE ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY

Statutory Requirements
Analysis Method
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Conclusion
Recommendation
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A: ENVIRONMENT DATA [EXTRACT]

APPENDIX B: FATIGUE DAMAGE DETAILED OUTPUT
APPENDIX C: SIMULATION RESULT [ CDROM ]
REVISION AND AUTHORISATION RECORD

Rev
Date
Description
By
Chkd
13 Oct 05
Issued for Comments
GTR
HP
BCD3-920-49-CAL-4-001-03 Rev A
Apvd
13 OCT 2005

INTRODUCTION
This document reports on the partial results of a 3D coupled time domain analysis for
a proposed Condensate mooring terminal, consisting of a FSO moored on the
mooring dolphins with polyester hawsers on the starboard side and on anchor chains
on the port side. The analysis was carried out within the framework of coupled time
domain theory for moored floating vessels.
As per the code requirements for permanent mooring system whereby analysis is
required for the ultimate limit state (ULS), accidental limit state (ALS), and fatigue limit
state (FLS); this reports conclude the methodology and the results for the analysis
carried out for the FLS condition. The analysis carried out under the (ULS) and (ALS)
condition is enclosed in report BCD3-920-49-CAL-4-001-02.
1.1
General Overview
PetroChina International Jabung Ltd. plans for phased development of five (5) Jabung
Block fields and associated Betara Production Complex located in Eastern Central
Sumatra as illustrated in Figure 1.1. Included in the overall plan are new offshore
terminals to replace the existing Batang Hari Marine Terminal (BMT) facilities, as total
production rates from the five (5) fields will exceed the handling capacity of the
existing terminal facilities.
The new offshore terminal facilities will comprise of a Fixed Process Unit (FPU) and
two (2) Floating Storage and Offloading (FSO) vessels, one for storage of refrigerated
Propane and Butane (LPG) and one for storage of Oil and Condensate. The stored
products will be periodically offloaded to export tankers.
FIGURE 1.1 BETARA COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT PLAN
BCD3-920-49-CAL-4-001-03 Rev A
13 OCT 2005

1.2
Mooring System
The FSO vessels will be permanently moored in two (2) locations approximately
1.5km apart, for a 22 years life service. Each mooring facility will consist of two lines
of dolphins along with a set of piled anchors. Each FSO is moored to the North Side
of the dolphins by mooring hawsers attached to the dolphins, with an anchor spread
attached to the North Side of the LPG FSO. Export Tankers moor directly to the
dolphins on the South Side of the terminal. Both the FSO vessels are positioned at a
90 heading, with their bows facing the East compass direction.
1.3
Units
The SI Systems of units is used throughout the document, unless otherwise specified.
Time
Angles
Temperature
Length
Area
Volume
Velocity
Acceleration
Stress or Pressure
Force
Weight
1.4
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
seconds
degrees
degrees C
meters
meters2
meters3
meters/second
meters/second2
Megapascal
Kilo Newton
Tonne
(sec)
(O)
(OC)
(m)
(m2)
(m3)
(m/s)
(m/s2)
(mPa)
(kN)
(Te) /(Ton)
Standard Coordinate System

The sign convention and coordinate system adopted for this report are illustrated in
Figure 1.4. The adopted sign convention is according to the ITTCs Standard [9]. The
stern-on direction of wind, wave and current is 0 degrees.
The roll axis for the vessel is the x-axis. It is oriented along the centerline of the
vessel, running forward and aft. Longitudinal dimensions are measured along or
parallel to this axis. The pitch axis is the y-axis. It runs transversely port and
starboard. Besides being the axis for pitch, transverse dimensions are measured
along or parallel to this axis. The yaw axis is the z-axis. It runs vertically and
dimensions are measured along or parallel to this axis.
FIGURE 1.4 VESSEL COORDINATE SYSTEM
BCD3-920-49-CAL-4-001-03 Rev A
13 OCT 2005

1.5
Abbreviations
FSO
Floating Storage and Offloading Vessel
RAO
Response Amplitude Operators
QTF
Quadratic Transfer Functions
FPU
Fixed Process and Facility Platform
OCIMF
Oil Companies International Marine Forum
IHL
Indonesian Hydrodynamic Laboratory
LPG
Liquefied Petroleum Gas
ULSUltimate Limit State

ALS
Accidental Limit State
FLS
Fatigue Limit State
Shall
Indicates mandatory requirement
Should
Indicates preferred course of action
May
Indicates optional course of action
TBATo be advised
TBC
To be confirmed
BCD3-920-49-CAL-4-001-03 Rev A
13 OCT 2005

SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Mooring chain fatigue performance is an important design consideration for mooring
terminal systems. Overly conservative design approaches can be costly, whilst less
sophisticated analysis methods may not be truly representative, with the possibility of
non-conservatism.
The fatigue analysis of the mooring chains was carried out utilising the Visual
Orcaflex version 8.6d, a marine dynamics program developed by Orcina. Fatigue
analysis was performed following the procedures of deterministic irregular wave
fatigue analysis using rainflow cycle counting method, as recommended in API RP
2SK [2], section 7.5.
The long term environment was represented by eight (8) environmental direction and
five (5) reference wave classes, amounting to a total of forty (40) discrete design
conditions. Each design condition consist of a reference direction and reference sea
state characterised by a significant wave height, peak period, current velocity and
wind velocity. The probabilities of occurrence of these conditions are detailed in
section 4.6.
Fatigue damage from first order loads and motions and low frequency motions were
determined using Time Domain Cycle Counting method. In this approach, the
combined low frequency and wave frequency tension spectrum is transformed into
tension time history. RAINFLOW method is used to estimate the number of tension
cycles and the expected value of tension range from which fatigue damage is
estimated.
This document reports the methodology and the results of the analysis carried out
based on the statutory requirements for the mooring system to ensure that the
individual mooring lines have adequate capacity to withstand cyclic loading.
2.1

A factor of safety of 10 is usually acceptable for component of major importance to
structural integrity and inaccessible for inspection, and 3, for component that is
accessible for inspection and maintenance [17].
The summary of the fatigue damage and the fatigue life along the arc length
(reference from the fairlead) are enclosed in the following pages. The result indicates
the fatigue factor of safety to exceed 10 for chains CH11, CH14, CH15 and CH16,
while part of CH12 and CH13 exceed a factor of safety of 3. As for weaklink, CH11,
CH12 and CH13 exceed a factor of safety of 3 while the rest exceed a factor of safety
of 10.
2.2
Conclusion
The mooring lines can be concluded as suitable for the stated purpose, however, the
region where the factor of safety is above 3 and below 10 regular inspection and
maintenance are required.
BCD3-920-49-CAL-4-001-03 Rev A
13 OCT 2005

2.3
Recommendation
Based on the analysis undertaken, the following recommendations are listed as
follows.
o
An inspection program to be formulated for the chains and weak-links.

Proposed inspection procedures to be submitted for clients approval prior to
installation of the weak-links.
Stress Concentration Factor SCF of 1.0 was used in the analysis for both the
stud and studless chains, which are applicable for chains in catenary.
Manufactured components should be carefully inspected to ensure that there

are no non-conformances which could accelerate failure, and increased
factors of safety should be applied to the limiting allowable fatigue life of
relevant components.
Recommended "weak link" is shown in Fig 4.3 (Sec 4.3) but LTM shackles
to be used instead of "pear" shaped shackles.
BCD3-920-49-CAL-4-001-03 Rev A
13 OCT 2005
CHAIN FATIGUE ANALYSIS

DISTRIBUTION ALONG CHAIN LENGTH
22 YEARS DESIGN LIFE
10000
WEAK LINK
INSPECTION NOT REQUIRED
Unfactored Fatigue Life (years)
1000
INSPECTION REQUIRED
100
BELOW ACCEPTABLE LIMIT
10
CH-11
CH-12
CH-13
CH-14
CH-15
CH-16
1
0
23
33
43
50
54
58
62
66
69
73
76
77
82
93
104
Chain Arc Length from Fairlead (m)
115
126
137
148
164
185
207
228
238
Fatigue Damage Tables

CH-11
SEG
ARC
LENGTH
CH-12
DAMAGE
ARC
LENGTH
CH-14
CH-13
DAMAGE
ARC
LENGTH
DAMAGE
ARC
LENGTH
CH-15
DAMAGE
ARC
LENGTH
CH-16
DAMAGE
ARC
LENGTH
DAMAGE
0.01556
0.00
0.05668
0.00
0.18233
0.00
0.14559
0.00
0.01453
0.00
0.01738
0.00
9.22
0.05947
9.08
0.18674
9.08
0.14914
9.12
0.01525
9.13
0.01820
9.14
0.01624
23.44
0.06180
23.15
0.19227
23.16
0.15336
23.25
0.01611
23.27
0.01921
23.29
0.01719
33.44
0.06310
33.15
0.19552
33.16
0.15587
33.25
0.01663
33.27
0.01981
33.29
0.01773
43.44
0.06395
43.15
0.19779
43.16
0.15779
43.25
0.01692
43.27
0.02017
43.29
0.01801
50.34
0.06527
50.07
0.19878
50.08
0.15856
50.16
0.01696
50.17
0.02023
50.20
0.01805
54.13
0.06531
53.91
0.19908
53.91
0.15878
53.98
0.01690
53.99
0.02018
54.01
0.01800
57.93
0.06526
57.74
0.19919
57.75
0.15887
57.80
0.01681
57.81
0.02029
57.83
0.01793
61.72
0.06512
61.58
0.19911
61.58
0.15881
61.62
0.01667
61.63
0.02013
61.64
0.01780
65.52
0.06385
65.41
0.19886
65.41
0.15861
65.45
0.01650
65.45
0.01993
65.46
0.01762
10
69.31
0.06350
69.25
0.19839
69.25
0.15822
69.27
0.01626
69.27
0.01966
69.28
0.01744
11
73.10
0.06307
73.08
0.19774
73.08
0.15771
73.09
0.01609
73.09
0.01924
73.09
0.01700
12
75.50
0.10794
75.50
0.30882
75.50
0.24634
75.50
0.02484
75.50
0.02943
75.50
0.02603
13
76.50
0.10768
76.50
0.30862
76.50
0.24619
76.50
0.02475
76.50
0.02925
76.50
0.02595
14
82.46
0.06061
0.15607
82.45
0.01497
82.45
0.01789
82.45
0.01545
82.44
0.19561
82.44
15
93.38
0.05340
93.32
0.18568
93.32
0.14981
93.34
0.01334
93.34
0.01597
93.35
0.01400
16
104.30
0.04515
104.20
0.17087
104.20
0.13674
104.23
0.01214
104.24
0.01445
104.25
0.01264
17
115.22
0.03892
115.08
0.15542
115.08
0.12384
115.12
0.01050
115.13
0.01297
115.14
0.01202
18
126.14
0.03416
125.96
0.14028
125.96
0.11188
126.02
0.00915
126.03
0.01129
126.04
0.01141
19
137.06
0.02790
136.84
0.12598
136.84
0.09872
136.91
0.00822
136.92
0.01021
136.94
0.01040
20
147.98
0.02374
147.71
0.11066
147.72
0.08619
147.80
0.00752
147.82
0.00923
147.84
0.00972
21
164.07
0.01531
163.78
0.09375
163.79
0.06725
163.87
0.00638
163.89
0.00726
163.91
0.00820
22
185.32
0.00879
185.03
0.06881
185.04
0.04751
185.12
0.00466
185.14
0.00535
185.16
0.00635
23
206.57
0.00571
206.28
0.04578
206.29
0.03380
206.37
0.00333
206.39
0.00399
206.41
0.00468
24
227.82
0.00360
227.53
0.03540
227.54
0.02478
227.62
0.00236
227.64
0.00288
227.66
0.00353
238.44
0.00360
238.15
0.03433
238.16
0.02461
238.25
0.00236
238.27
0.00286
238.29
0.00345

CH-1
SEG
ARC
LENGTH
CH-2
CH-3
CH-4
CH-5
CH-6
Fatigue Life
ARC
LENGTH
Fatigue Life
ARC
LENGTH
Fatigue Life
ARC
LENGTH
Fatigue Life
ARC
LENGTH
Fatigue Life
ARC
LENGTH
Fatigue Life
0.00
109.69
0.00
137.37
0.00
1376.33
0.00
1150.58
0.00
1285.61
1311.32
9.13
1098.89
9.14
1231.63
0.00
352.86
9.22
336.28
9.08
107.10
9.08
134.11
9.12
23.44
323.61
23.15
104.02
23.16
130.41
23.25
1241.35
23.27
1040.98
23.29
1163.57
33.44
316.96
33.15
102.29
33.16
128.31
33.25
1202.64
33.27
1009.67
33.29
1127.80
43.44
312.74
43.15
101.12
43.16
126.75
43.25
1181.97
43.27
991.38
43.29
1110.66
50.34
306.43
50.07
100.61
50.08
126.14
50.16
1179.39
50.17
988.77
50.20
1108.15
54.13
306.22
53.91
100.46
53.91
125.96
53.98
1183.48
53.99
990.98
54.01
1110.93
57.93
306.45
57.74
100.41
57.75
125.89
57.80
1189.77
57.81
985.94
57.83
1115.30
61.72
307.14
61.58
100.45
61.58
125.94
61.62
1199.43
61.63
993.53
61.64
1123.86
65.52
313.23
65.41
100.58
65.41
126.10
65.45
1212.03
65.45
1003.73
65.46
1135.38
10
69.31
314.94
69.25
100.81
69.25
126.41
69.27
1229.70
69.27
1017.37
69.28
1146.74
11
73.10
317.09
73.08
101.14
73.08
126.82
73.09
1243.13
73.09
1039.76
73.09
1176.49
12
75.50
185.29
75.50
64.76
75.50
81.19
75.50
805.16
75.50
679.51
75.50
768.31
13
76.50
185.73
76.50
64.80
76.50
81.24
76.50
808.01
76.50
683.74
76.50
770.61
14
82.46
330.00
82.44
102.24
82.44
128.14
82.45
1335.78
82.45
1118.03
82.45
1294.81
15
93.38
374.51
93.32
107.71
93.32
133.50
93.34
1499.17
93.34
1252.17
93.35
1429.03
16
104.30
443.01
104.20
117.05
104.20
146.26
104.23
1647.68
104.24
1383.98
104.25
1582.08
17
115.22
513.90
115.08
128.68
115.08
161.50
115.12
1904.21
115.13
1541.92
115.14
1664.38
18
126.14
585.50
125.96
142.57
125.96
178.76
126.02
2185.03
126.03
1771.60
126.04
1752.44
19
137.06
716.89
136.84
158.76
136.84
202.58
136.91
2433.04
136.92
1958.15
136.94
1923.90
20
147.98
842.48
147.71
180.73
147.72
232.04
147.80
2659.33
147.82
2167.27
147.84
2057.85
21
164.07
1306.22
163.78
213.32
163.79
297.38
163.87
3136.14
163.89
2755.44
163.91
2439.54
22
185.32
2275.92
185.03
290.65
185.04
420.93
185.12
4296.23
185.14
3737.79
185.16
3147.86
23
206.57
3502.96
206.28
436.89
206.29
591.67
206.37
6006.22
206.39
5011.64
206.41
4275.38
24
227.82
5561.54
227.53
564.89
227.54
807.14
227.62
8459.69
227.64
6949.61
227.66
5660.10
238.44
5552.29
238.15
582.58
238.16
812.53
238.25
8470.43
238.27
7000.68
238.29
5791.38

DESIGN CODES
The most applicable design guidance, for mooring design of a permanently moored
vessel, is fragmented between a number of Codes and Recommended Practices. The
approach adapted for this particular project is the combined element of the following
codes and standards, with the design basis governed by project design criteria and
specifications.
Codes and Standards
API RP 2SK
Recommended Practice for Design and Analysis of station

keeping system for Floating Structures, March 1997.
DNV
DNV OS E301, Position Mooring, June 2001.
OCIMF
Prediction of Wind Loads on Large Liquefaction Gas Carriers,

1995.
OCIMF
Prediction of Wind and Current Loads on VLCCs, 2nd Edition

1994.
ABS
Criteria for Building and Classing Floating Production

Installations, June 2000.
NORSOK
Norsok Standard N-003, Actions and action effects, February

2004.
Project Specifications and Design Criteria

BCD3-900-49-CRT-4-001-00
Mooring Analysis Design Criteria
BCD3-900-49-SPC-4-001-00
Mooring Chains Specification
BCD3-900-49-SPC-4-002-00
Mooring Hawser Specification
BCD3-920-49-MOR-1-001-00
Condensate Terminal Mooring Layout Drawing
BCD3-920-49-MOR-1-002-00
Condensate Terminal Mooring Section Drawing
BCD3-920-49-CAL-4-001-03 Rev A
13 OCT 2005

DESIGN BASIS
The fatigue analyses were performed in accordance with the design criteria detailed
in the Mooring Analysis Design Criteria [10]. The selected environments are
particularly severe combinations of waves, current and wind derived from extreme
100 years storm condition. The environmental data and the probability of occurrence
were recommended by Institute Technology Bandung (ITB), in their report titled
Metocean Desk Study [1].
For ease of reference, the information and data pertinent to the fatigue analysis
undertaken are highlighted in the following sub-sections, along with additional design
parameters utilised in the analysis.
4.1
FSO Vessel Details

The FSO vessel, GOLAR, was chosen as the most likely vessel to be used for the
facilities. The Principal dimensions of the vessel are as follows.
4.2
Length Overall
LOA
267.00 m
Length Between Perpendiculars
LBP
256.00 m
Breadth (mld)
BM
46.20 m
Depth (mld)
DM
23.80 m
Draft Design (Full Load)
TFL
15.54 m
Draft Design (Ballast Load)
TBL
6.90 m
Displacement (Full Load)
FL
156,063.50 Ton
Displacement (Ballast Load)
BL
65,000.00 Ton
Chain Data
The mooring chains were assumed manufactured by Vicinay Cadenas S.A. The
catalog breaking strength (CBS) of the chains were derived from the published data
for studless type chains. The chain to seabed friction coefficients were assumed from
information given in [12] and [13]. All data pertaining to mooring chain used in the
analysis are as follows.
Chain type
Studless
Chain nominal diameter
127 mm
Catalog Breaking Strength (CBS)
11516 kN
Axial stiffness (assumed)
1.377e6 kN
Normal seabed friction (assumed)
0.80
Axial seabed friction (assumed)
0.56
BCD3-920-49-CAL-4-001-03 Rev A
13 OCT 2005

4.3
Weak Link
In order not to overload the mooring appurtenances, a weak link is installed in all the
mooring chains. Three stud links of 81mm nominal diameter, connected to the main
chain link by LTM shackles, were used as weak link, as illustrated in Figure 4.3. The
stud links were assumed to be installed about 9.5 m from the fairlead.
The stud links were assumed manufactured by Vicinay Cadenas S.A. The catalog
breaking strength (CBS) of the chains were derived from the published data for stud
type chains. All data pertaining to the stud chains used in the analysis are as follows.
Fatigue calculations of the shackles were omitted. It should be noted that use of Pear
Shaped Shackles is not acceptable for long term mooring.
Link type
Stud
Link nominal diameter
105 mm
Catalog Breaking Strength (CBS)
8282 kN
Axial stiffness (assumed)
7.645e5 kN
FIGURE 4.3 WEAK LINK ARRANGEMENT
4.4
SN Curves
The most common approach for the assessment of mooring chain fatigue is the
stress-cycle (S-N) approach. The equation used to determined chain fatigue life is
based on the following expression.
Component capacity against tension fatigue:
nc (s ) = a D s m
The linearised logarithmatic form:
log(nc (s )) = log(a D ) m log(s )

where:
nc(s)
= number of stress ranges (number of cycles)
= stress range (double amplitude)
aD
intercept parameter of the S-N curve

[6.0e10 for studless, 1.2e11 for stud chain as per DNV-OS-E301]
slope of the S-N curve

[3.0 for both studless and stud chains as per DNV-OS-E301]
BCD3-920-49-CAL-4-001-03 Rev A
13 OCT 2005

4.5
Hawser Data
Marlow Ropes published data were used in the analysis. The axial stiffness of
mooring hawser was estimated from load extension diagram for worked Superline.
The load-extension dependency is almost linear, with stretch to break of 12% after
repeated loading as illustrated in Figure 4.5. The relevant information is as follows.
Hawser type
Superline
Hawser nominal diameter
112 mm
CBS
371 tonnes
FIGURE 4.5 POLYESTER ROPE AXIAL STIFFNESS
4.6
Environmental Condition and Loads

The proposed Condensate Terminal Facilities location is exposed to seasonal
monsoon (Northeast and Southwest monsoons), with varying direction of wind,
current and wave although certain directions are dominant with each monsoon period.
The long term environment is represented by a number of discrete conditions. Each
condition consists of a reference direction and a reference sea state characterised by
a significant wave height, peak period, current velocity and wind velocity.
BCD3-920-49-CAL-4-001-03 Rev A
13 OCT 2005

Waves. The design significant wave heights for the long term environmental events
were represented by eight (8) discrete design conditions; each condition consists of a
reference direction and a reference sea-state characterized by five (5) wave height
distribution associated with a recommended wave period. The irregular random
waves were represented in the analysis by the ISSC spectrum [7], expression of
which is as follows.
ISSC spectrum:
S ( ) =
Hs 2
4
4
1 2 4 4
2 5
exp

Tz
Tz
and :
5+
Tz = Tp
11 +
where :
Hs
significant wave height
Tz
average zero up-crossing wave period
Tp
spectral peak period
encounter frequency
peakness parameter
Table 4.4a represent the summary of the wave data for the various environmental
directions used for the analysis.
DIRECTION (TO)
Number of hours
Wave Height (m)
0.3-0.5
0.5-1.0
1.0-1.5
1.5-2.0
>2
Wave Period (s)
3.5
4.6
5.2
5.5
5.8
Total
East
1830
1694
47
Northeast
45
40
3572
40
North
90
6703
6703
Northwest
135
3998
3998
West
180
2406
2738
173
5318
Southwest
225
1588
2688
294
4571
South
270
5435
13573
8928
27946
Southeast
315
1487
1238
146
2872
Wavy
55020
Waveless
120300
Unrecorded
Total
175320
TABLE 4.4a SIGNIFICANT WAVE DATA
BCD3-920-49-CAL-4-001-03 Rev A
13 OCT 2005

Wind. Dynamic wind loads consist of a steady component and a time varying
component known as the gust, which generates low frequency motion. The steady
component of the wind speed is represented by a 1-hour average mean wind 10 m
above sea level. The time varying wind is described by a wind gust spectrum. The
gust spectrum was represented in the analysis by the API wind spectrum formulation
as given in API RP 2A [5], expression of which is as follows.
API wind spectrum:
fS ( f )
( z)
f / fp
1 + (1.5 f / f p )
5/ 3
and:
( z ) = I ( z )V (1hr , z )
where:
S(f)
= spectral energy density
= reference elevation
frequency
(z)2
standard deviation of wind speed
Table 4.4b represent the summary of the wind data for the various environmental
directions used for the analysis.
Wind Speed
DIRECTION (TO)
NORTHEAST
45
NORTH
90
30 Min
10 Min
1 Min
3 Sec
U60
U30
U10
U1
UGUST
(m/s)
(m/s)
(m/s)
(m/s)
(m/s)
15.85
16.17
16.80
18.70
21.08
14.99
15.29
15.89
17.69
19.94
12.32
12.57
13.06
14.54
16.39
EAST
1 Hr
NORTHWEST
135
18.33
18.70
19.43
21.63
24.38
WEST
180
12.20
12.44
12.93
14.40
16.23
SOUTHWEST
225
16.27
16.60
17.25
19.20
21.64
SOUTH
270
21.70
22.13
23.00
25.61
28.86
SOUTHEAST
315
8.69
8.86
9.21
10.25
11.56
TABLE 4.4b WIND SPEED
BCD3-920-49-CAL-4-001-03 Rev A
13 OCT 2005

Current. Current were modelled as varying velocity component at different water level
but remaining constant with respect to time. Table 4.4c represent the summary of the
current data at various water levels and the various environmental directions used for
the analysis.
Current Speed
DEPTH FROM
MSL
NE
45
N
90
NW
135
W
180
SW
O
225
S
270
SE
O
315
(m/s)
(m/s)
(m/s)
(m/s)
(m/s)
(m/s)
(m/s)
(m/s)
0.00
(m)
1.13
0.31
0.37
0.61
1.07
0.35
0.65
0.41
2.10
(m)
1.11
0.30
0.36
0.59
1.06
0.34
0.62
0.40
4.20
(m)
1.11
0.30
0.35
0.58
1.05
0.34
0.61
0.39
6.30
(m)
1.10
0.30
0.35
0.57
1.05
0.34
0.59
0.39
8.40
(m)
1.09
0.30
0.34
0.55
1.04
0.33
0.57
0.38
10.50
(m)
1.07
0.29
0.32
0.53
1.03
0.32
0.54
0.37
12.60
(m)
1.06
0.28
0.31
0.50
1.01
0.31
0.51
0.35
14.70
(m)
1.03
0.27
0.28
0.46
0.99
0.30
0.45
0.33
16.80
(m)
0.99
0.26
0.25
0.40
0.96
0.28
0.38
0.30
18.90
(m)
0.94
0.24
0.21
0.32
0.92
0.25
0.28
0.26
21.00
(m)
0.87
0.21
0.15
0.21
0.87
0.21
0.15
0.21
TABLE 4.4c CURRENT SPEED PROFILE
Mean Sea Level (MSL). The water depth, referenced to mean sea level (MSL) was
considered as 22.0 m. The seabed was assumed to be flat in the analysis.
Tide. The highest water level (HHWL) was considered as 1.90 m above MSL while
the lowest water level (LLWL) was considered as 2.55 m below MSL in the analysis.
BCD3-920-49-CAL-4-001-03 Rev A
13 OCT 2005

4.7
Marine Growth
Marine growth of uniform 50 mm thickness was considered from the splash zone to
the anchor point of the mooring chains in the mooring system. The marine growth was
accounted for in the system by increasing the weight of the mooring line segment, and
increasing the drag coefficients. The density of the marine growth was conservatively
assumed to be 1325 kg/m3. The increase in the line segment and the increase in drag
coefficient were calculated based on the following expression.
Mass of marine growth:
M growth =
[(D
4
2
+ 2Tgrowth ) Dnom
growth .
2
nom
Weight of marine growth:
W growth = M growth 1 seawater

growth
Increased drag coefficient:
Dnom + 2Tgrowth
C Dgrowth = C D
Dnom
where:
Mgrowth = mass of marine growth

Wgrowth = submerged weight of marine growth
CDgrowth = increased drag coefficient
Dnom
nominal diameter of chain
growth = density of marine growth

seawater = density of seawater
Tgrowth = marine growth thickness
= 2.0 [for stud chain as per DNV-OS-E301]
CD
2.4 [for studless chain as per DNV-OS-E301]
BCD3-920-49-CAL-4-001-03 Rev A
13 OCT 2005

4.8
Corrosion Allowance
Corrosion allowance including wear and tear of 0.2 mm/year (50% of the chain
corrosion allowance), as recommended in DNV-OS-E301, was considered for the
entire length of the chain. The characteristic capacity of the chains, which forms the
basis for the mooring calculations, were adjusted for reduction in capacity due to
corrosion, wear and tear accordingly. The reduction in capacity was calculated based
on the following expression.
D 2Tcor
BS cor = CBS nom
Dnom
where:
BScor
= corroded breaking strength
CBS
= catalog breaking strength
Tcor
corrosion thickness for total design life
Dnom
nominal diameter of chain
BCD3-920-49-CAL-4-001-03 Rev A
13 OCT 2005

FATIGUE ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY

Mooring chain fatigue performance is an important design consideration for mooring
terminal systems. Overly conservative design approaches can be costly, whilst less
sophisticated analysis methods may not be truly representative, with the possibility of
non-conservatism.
Correctly calculating fatigue life of mooring system involving catenaries is a complex
problem. First order loading and vessel motions, low frequency second order vessel
motions, vessel springing and vibration due to vortex shedding can all contribute
towards the long-term fatigue damage of catenaries in a mooring system. The
interaction of all these loads must be assessed thoroughly to avoid unrealistic results.
First order fatigue is evaluated in time domain since the non-linearities of the mooring
system to be analysed was envisaged to be large. This approach is numerically
demanding but considered necessary to achieve an adequate level of confidence in
the results. The first order motions are described by vessel Response Amplitude
Operator (RAOs).
Low frequency motions are very much dependent on the mooring system
configuration. Low frequency vessel motions are commonly considered insignificant in
terms of fatigue due to their very long period in comparison to wave loading. However
this assumption does not hold for many cases. In fact, for most cases involving nonsymmetrical spread mooring, especially in shallow water, the low frequency motion
can cause the highest quantities of damage.
5.1
Statutory Requirements
In accordance with the API RP 2SK [2]: Fatigue design is required for permanent
moorings only. A predicted mooring component fatigue life of three (3) times the
design service life is recommended. The factor of three accounts for uncertainties in
lifetime load predictions.
In accordance with the DNV-OS-E301 [3]: The fatigue limit state is intended to
ensure that each type of component in an individual mooring line has a suitable
resistance to fatigue failure.
The design equation for fatigue limit state in a permanent mooring is as follows. If the
mooring line is regularly inspected ashore, then the safety factor of three (3) should
be applicable.
1 dC F 0
where:
dC
= the characteristic fatigue damage

accumulated during the design lifetime.
= the single safety factor for fatigue limit state
values of which is as follows.
BCD3-920-49-CAL-4-001-03 Rev A
13 OCT 2005

Criteria 1:
F =5
when
d F 0.8
Criteria 2:
d F 0.8
when d F > 0.8
0.2
F = 5 + 3
where:
dF
= the adjacent fatigue damage ratio, which is

the characteristic fatigue damage dC in two
adjacent lines taken as lesser damage divided
by greater damage.
Fatigue damage from first order loads and motions and low frequency motions may
be determined using either time or frequency domain analysis method; or the
combination of both. Three (3) methods can be considered for combining fatigue
damages due to the low frequency and wave frequency tensions, as follows.
o
Simple summation method. In this approach, low frequency and wave

frequency fatigue damages are calculated independently. The total damage is
assumed to be the sum of the two.
Combined spectrum. In this approach, the combined low frequency and wave
frequency spectrum is first calculated. Fatigue damage is estimated using the
combined root mean square (RMS) tension range.
Time domain cycle counting. In this approach, the combined low frequency
and wave frequency tension spectrum is transformed into tension time history.
A special cycle counting method such as RAINFLOW method is used to
estimate the number of tension cycles and the expected value of tension
range from which fatigue damage is estimated.
Among the three (3) methods above, time domain cycle counting method is
considered to be more precise.
BCD3-920-49-CAL-4-001-03 Rev A
13 OCT 2005

5.2
Analysis Method
The characteristic fatigue damage, accumulated in a mooring line component as
result of cyclic loading, is summed up from the fatigue damage arising in a set of
environment states chosen to discretise the long term environment that the mooring
system is subjected to, expression of which is as follows.
d C = i =1 d i
i =n
where:
di
= fatigue damage to the component arising in state i

and the discretisation into state i=1,.n state.
The fatigue analysis of the mooring chains was carried out utilising the Visual
Orcaflex version 8.6d, a marine dynamics program developed by Orcina. Fatigue
analysis was performed following the procedures of deterministic irregular wave
fatigue analysis using rainflow cycle counting method, as recommended in API RP
2SK [2], section 7.5.
The long term environment was represented by eight (8) environmental direction and
five (5) reference wave classes, amounting to a total of forty (40) discrete design
conditions. Each design condition consist of a reference direction and reference sea
state characterised by a significant wave height, peak period, current velocity and
wind velocity. The probabilities of occurrence of these conditions are detailed in
section 4.6.
Each design condition was analysed analogously to the procedure detailed in [14].
Time domain simulations, for each design condition, were simulated for 400 seconds
in time step of 0.001 second. The simulation time includes an additional 100 seconds
ramp to minimise the starting transient effects. For each design condition, the time
history wave train where defined such that the maximum wave height falls within the
selected 400 simulation period.
BCD3-920-49-CAL-4-001-03 Rev A
13 OCT 2005

The computed tension time history component obtained from each time domain
simulations were converted to stress time history component by dividing the
corresponding tension by the nominal cross-sectional area of the chain, where the
cross-sectional area of the chains were computed based on the expression as
follows.
AC =
2d 2
4
where:
= nominal diameter of chain
The stress component time history is analysed using the rainflow cycle counting
technique, based on Palmgren Miner [15] & [16] law. This gives a number of stress
ranges for half cycles. The associated single-occurrence load case damage value is
as illustrated by the following expression.
S=
1 i =n
D(S (i ))
2 i =1
where:
= stress concentration factor
S(i)
= stress range
BCD3-920-49-CAL-4-001-03 Rev A
13 OCT 2005

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The fatigue analysis was carried out based on the design codes and design criteria as
detailed in section 3 and 4 respectively. The analysis methodology is enclosed in
section 5. The summary results are enclosed in Appendix B while the detailed results,
being to exhaustive to be included in this report, are enclosed in CDROM attached in
Appendix C.
6.1

A factor of safety of 10 is usually acceptable for component of major importance to
structural integrity and inaccessible for inspection, and 3, for component that is
accessible for inspection and maintenance [17].
The summary of the fatigue damage and the fatigue life along the arc length
(reference from the fairlead) are enclosed in the following pages. The result indicates
the fatigue factor of safety to exceed 10 for chains CH11, CH14, CH15 and CH16,
while part of CH12 and CH13 exceed a factor of safety of 3. As for weaklink, CH11,
CH12 and CH13 exceed a factor of safety of 3 while the rest exceed a factor of safety
of 10.
6.2
Conclusion
The mooring lines can be concluded as suitable for the stated purpose, however, the
region where the factor of safety is above 3 and below 10 regular inspection and
maintenance are required.
6.3
Recommendation
Based on the analysis undertaken, the following recommendations are listed as
follows.
o
An inspection program to be formulated for the chains and weak-links.

Proposed inspection procedures to be submitted for clients approval prior to
installation of the weak-links.
Fairlead/mooring line interface has not been included in the analysis. A

conservative approach shall be taken to the design of the fairlead/mooring line
interface to ensure that all relevant fatigue loadings (Tension -Tension &
Tension - Bending) have been identified and that relevant components have
adequate fatigue capacity.
Stress Concentration Factor SCF of 1.0 was used in the analysis for both the
stud and studless chains, which are applicable for chains in catenary.
However, chains in the fairlead, a finite element analysis should be conducted
to ensure that all relevant stress concentration factors have been identified
and minimised. If required, the fatigue analysis shall be repeated with the new
recommended SCF.
BCD3-920-49-CAL-4-001-03 Rev A
13 OCT 2005

Manufactured components should be carefully inspected to ensure that there

are no non-conformances which could accelerate failure, and increased
factors of safety should be applied to the limiting allowable fatigue life of
relevant components.
The use of pear shaped shackles is not acceptable for long term mooring
system. Regular inspection program are required and the proposed inspection
procedures to be submitted for clients approval.
BCD3-920-49-CAL-4-001-03 Rev A
13 OCT 2005

REFERENCES
1.
Metocean Desk Study for BCD Project by Institute Technology Bandung.
2.
API RP 2SK: Recommended Practice for Design and Analysis of station

keeping system for Floating Structures, March 1997.
3.
DNV OS E301: Position Mooring, June 2001.
4.
ABS: Guide for Building and Classing Floating Production Installation. June
2000.
5.
API RP 2A : Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing and Constructing

Fixed Offshore Platforms Working Stress Design.
6.
BCD3-920-49-CAL-4-001-01 Rev 1: Betara Condensate Terminal. Validation

Report of Computer Simulated Results with Model Test Results dated 01
September 2004.
7.
Report No. 2001-1491: DNV Max Wave
8.
OCIMF : Prediction of Wind and Current Loads on VLCCs, 2nd Edition 1994
9.
ITTC : International Towing Tank Conference Publication (1987)
10.
BCD3-900-49-CRT-4-001-00 : Mooring Analysis Design Criteria
11.
Wichers, (1979): Slowly oscillating mooring forces in single point mooring

systems.
BOSS79 (Second International Conference on Behaviour of
Offshore Structures).
12.
Puech A, (1984). The Use of Anchors in Offshore Petroleum Operations.

Editions Technique.
13.
Taylor R and Valent P, (1984). Design Guide for Drag Embedment Anchors,
Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory (USA), TN No N-1688.
14.
BCD3-930-49-CAL-4-001-02, Betara LPG Terminal 3D Coupled Time Mooring

Analysis, Intact (ULS) and Damage (ALS) condition.
15.
Maddox S J, (1998). Fatigue strength of welded structures.
16.
Rychlik I, (1987). A new definition of the rainflow cycle counting method.
17.
API-RP-2RD : Recommended Practice for design of Risers for Floating

Production Systems and TLPs.
BCD3-920-49-CAL-4-001-03 Rev A
13 OCT 2005

APPENDIX A: Environment Data [Extract]

See attached.
BCD3-920-49-CAL-4-001-03 Rev A
13 OCT 2005
Revision 7 - September 2004
.
Summary
The present metocean (meteorological and oceanographic) study is commissioned by Zencomp
Computing & Engineering Sdn. Bhd. to prepare metocean information that is needed as design
basis for use in Betara Complex Development (BCD) Project in Jambi, Indonesia.
A summary of the findings of this study is presented in Table S.1 Table S.9. Comparison with
relevant past metocean studies is discussed in Chapter 11 of this report.
Metocean Desk Study for BCD Project
S-1
North
Table S.1
A Summary of the Present Metocean Findings for North Direction
Values by Return Period

(years)
Metocean Parameter
Item
Notation
Unit
100
Wind Speed from North

1-hour mean
U60
m/s
13.24
16.06
21.70
30-minute mean
U30
m/s
13.50
16.38
22.13
10-minute mean
U10
m/s
14.03
17.02
23.00
1-minute mean
U1
m/s
15.62
18.95
25.61
3-second gust
Ugust
m/s
17.61
21.36
28.86
0.42
0.58
0.60
Maximum Individual Wave Propagating to North

Hmax
Height
m
Period
Tmax
4.78
4.90
4.91
Length
Lmax
35.64
37.31
37.49
0.01
0.02
0.02
(H/L)max
Steepness
Significant Wave Propagating to North

Hs
Height
0.25
0.34
0.35
Period
Ts
4.46
4.53
4.54
Length
Ls
31.08
32.01
32.12
Steepness
(H/L)s
0.01
0.01
0.01
Astronomical Tide
Highest water level (above MSL)
Lowest water level (below MSL)
Storm Surge due to Wind from
North
HHWL
LLWL
m
m
1.90 *)
2.55 *)
0.08
0.11
0.21
Current Speed Flowing to North ([Tide+Wind]-Induced)

at 0.0 m
*)
depth (from MSL)
V0
m/s
0.31
0.34
0.37
1.9 m
depth
V10
m/s
0.30
0.33
0.36
3.8 m
depth
V20
m/s
0.30
0.32
0.35
5.7 m
depth
V30
m/s
0.29
0.32
0.35
7.6 m
depth
V40
m/s
0.29
0.31
0.34
9.5 m
depth
V50
m/s
0.28
0.30
0.32
11.4 m depth
V60
m/s
0.27
0.29
0.31
13.3 m depth
V70
m/s
0.25
0.27
0.28
15.2 m depth
V80
m/s
0.23
0.24
0.25
17.1 m depth
V90
m/s
0.19
0.20
0.21
19.0 m depth
V100
m/s
0.15
0.15
0.15
The concept of return period does not apply to astronomical tide.
S-2
Northeast
Table S.2
A Summary of the Present Metocean Findings for Northeast Direction

(years)
Metocean Parameter
Item
Notation
Unit
100
Wind Speed from Northeast

1-hour mean
U60
m/s
8.35
10.55
16.27
30-minute mean
U30
m/s
8.52
10.76
16.60
10-minute mean
U10
m/s
8.85
11.18
17.25
1-minute mean
U1
m/s
9.85
12.45
19.20
3-second gust
Ugust
m/s
11.11
14.03
21.64
0.21
0.56
0.90
Maximum Individual Wave Propagating to Northeast

Hmax
Height
m
Period
Tmax
4.44
4.88
5.13
Length
Lmax
30.69
37.13
40.84
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.36
0.33
0.53
(H/L)max
Steepness
Significant Wave Propagating to Northeast

Hs
Height
Period
Ts
4.74
4.52
4.67
Length
Ls
34.95
31.91
34.03
Steepness
(H/L)s
0.01
0.01
0.02
Astronomical Tide
Northeast
HHWL
LLWL
m
m
1.90 *)
2.55 *)
0.04
0.07
0.17
Current Speed Flowing to Northeast ([Tide+Wind]-Induced)

at 0.0 m
*)
depth (from MSL)
V0
m/s
0.24
0.25
0.31
1.9 m
depth
V10
m/s
0.24
0.25
0.30
3.8 m
depth
V20
m/s
0.24
0.25
0.30
5.7 m
depth
V30
m/s
0.24
0.25
0.30
7.6 m
depth
V40
m/s
0.24
0.25
0.30
9.5 m
depth
V50
m/s
0.23
0.25
0.29
11.4 m depth
V60
m/s
0.23
0.24
0.28
13.3 m depth
V70
m/s
0.23
0.24
0.27
15.2 m depth
V80
m/s
0.22
0.23
0.26
17.1 m depth
V90
m/s
0.22
0.22
0.24
19.0 m depth
V100
m/s
0.21
0.21
0.21
S-3
East
Table S.3
A Summary of the Present Metocean Findings for East Direction

(years)
Metocean Parameter
Item
Notation
Unit
100
Wind Speed from East

1-hour mean
U60
m/s
7.41
8.73
12.20
30-minute mean
U30
m/s
7.56
8.90
12.44
10-minute mean
U10
m/s
7.85
9.25
12.93
1-minute mean
U1
m/s
8.74
10.30
14.40
3-second gust
Ugust
m/s
9.86
11.61
16.23
2.05
2.62
2.72
Maximum Individual Wave Propagating to East

Hmax
Height
m
Period
Tmax
5.96
6.37
6.44
Length
Lmax
54.13
60.85
62.07
0.04
0.04
0.04
(H/L)max
Steepness
Significant Wave Propagating to East

Hs
Height
1.21
1.54
1.60
Period
Ts
5.24
5.54
5.59
Length
Ls
42.56
47.31
48.11
Steepness
(H/L)s
0.03
0.03
0.03
Astronomical Tide
East
HHWL
LLWL
m
m
1.90 *)
2.55 *)
0.02
0.03
0.07
Current Speed Flowing to East ([Tide+Wind]-Induced)

at 0.0 m
*)
depth (from MSL)
V0
m/s
0.98
1.02
1.13
1.9 m
depth
V10
m/s
0.98
1.01
1.11
3.8 m
depth
V20
m/s
0.97
1.01
1.11
5.7 m
depth
V30
m/s
0.97
1.01
1.10
7.6 m
depth
V40
m/s
0.97
1.00
1.09
9.5 m
depth
V50
m/s
0.96
0.99
1.07
11.4 m depth
V60
m/s
0.95
0.98
1.06
13.3 m depth
V70
m/s
0.94
0.96
1.03
15.2 m depth
V80
m/s
0.92
0.94
0.99
17.1 m depth
V90
m/s
0.90
0.91
0.94
19.0 m depth
V100
m/s
0.87
0.87
0.87
S-4
Southeast
Table S.4
A Summary of the Present Metocean Findings for Southeast Direction

(years)
Metocean Parameter
Item
Notation
Unit
100
Wind Speed from Southeast

1-hour mean
U60
m/s
7.17
9.71
18.33
30-minute mean
U30
m/s
7.31
9.90
18.70
10-minute mean
U10
m/s
7.60
10.29
19.43
1-minute mean
U1
m/s
8.46
11.46
21.63
3-second gust
Ugust
m/s
9.54
12.91
24.38
2.21
2.77
2.84
Maximum Individual Wave Propagating to Southeast

Hmax
Height
m
Period
Tmax
6.07
6.48
6.53
Length
Lmax
55.94
62.68
63.49
0.04
0.04
0.04
1.30
1.63
1.67
(H/L)max
Steepness
Significant Wave Propagating to Southeast

Hs
Height
Period
Ts
5.32
5.62
5.66
Length
Ls
43.81
48.59
49.24
Steepness
(H/L)s
0.03
0.03
0.03
Astronomical Tide
Southeast
HHWL
LLWL
m
m
1.90 *)
2.55 *)
0
0.02
Current Speed Flowing to Southeast ([Tide+Wind]-Induced)

at 0.0 m
*)
depth (from MSL)
V0
m/s
0.38
0.39
0.41
1.9 m
depth
V10
m/s
0.37
0.38
0.40
3.8 m
depth
V20
m/s
0.37
0.38
0.39
5.7 m
depth
V30
m/s
0.36
0.37
0.39
7.6 m
depth
V40
m/s
0.35
0.37
0.38
9.5 m
depth
V50
m/s
0.34
0.36
0.37
11.4 m depth
V60
m/s
0.33
0.34
0.35
13.3 m depth
V70
m/s
0.31
0.32
0.33
15.2 m depth
V80
m/s
0.29
0.30
0.30
17.1 m depth
V90
m/s
0.26
0.26
0.26
19.0 m depth
V100
m/s
0.21
0.21
0.21
S-5
South
Table S.5
A Summary of the Present Metocean Findings for South Direction

(years)
Metocean Parameter
Item
Notation
Unit
100
Wind Speed from South

1-hour mean
U60
m/s
9.44
10.64
12.32
30-minute mean
U30
m/s
9.63
10.85
12.57
10-minute mean
U10
m/s
10.01
11.28
13.06
1-minute mean
U1
m/s
11.14
12.56
14.54
3-second gust
Ugust
m/s
12.56
14.15
16.39
2.64
3.33
3.66
Maximum Individual Wave Propagating to South

Hmax
Height
m
Period
Tmax
6.38
6.88
7.12
Length
Lmax
61.06
69.37
73.21
0.04
0.05
0.05
(H/L)max
Steepness
Significant Wave Propagating to South

Hs
Height
1.55
1.96
2.15
Period
Ts
5.55
5.94
6.13
Length
Ls
47.47
53.80
56.93
Steepness
(H/L)s
0.03
0.04
0.04
Astronomical Tide
South
HHWL
LLWL
m
m
1.90 *)
2.55 *)
0
Current Speed Flowing to South ([Tide+Wind]-Induced)

at 0.0 m
*)
depth (from MSL)
V0
m/s
0.44
0.51
0.65
1.9 m
depth
V10
m/s
0.42
0.49
0.62
3.8 m
depth
V20
m/s
0.42
0.48
0.61
5.7 m
depth
V30
m/s
0.41
0.47
0.59
7.6 m
depth
V40
m/s
0.40
0.46
0.57
9.5 m
depth
V50
m/s
0.38
0.44
0.54
11.4 m depth
V60
m/s
0.36
0.41
0.51
13.3 m depth
V70
m/s
0.33
0.37
0.45
15.2 m depth
V80
m/s
0.29
0.32
0.38
17.1 m depth
V90
m/s
0.23
0.25
0.28
19.0 m depth
V100
m/s
0.15
0.15
0.15
S-6
Southwest
Table S.6
A Summary of the Present Metocean Findings for Southwest Direction

(years)
Metocean Parameter
Item
Notation
Unit
100
Wind Speed from Southwest

1-hour mean
U60
m/s
6.04
7.98
14.99
30-minute mean
U30
m/s
6.16
8.14
15.29
10-minute mean
U10
m/s
6.40
8.46
15.89
1-minute mean
U1
m/s
7.13
9.42
17.69
3-second gust
Ugust
m/s
8.03
10.61
19.94
2.29
2.98
3.16
Maximum Individual Wave Propag. to Southwest

Hmax
Height
m
Period
Tmax
6.13
6.63
6.76
Length
Lmax
56.93
65.11
67.35
0.04
0.05
0.05
1.35
1.75
1.86
(H/L)max
Steepness
Significant Wave Propagating to Southwest

Hs
Height
Period
Ts
5.36
5.74
5.84
Length
Ls
44.44
50.54
52.17
Steepness
(H/L)s
0.03
0.03
0.04
Astronomical Tide
Southwest
HHWL
LLWL
m
m
1.90 *)
2.55 *)
0
Current Speed Flowing to Southwest ([Tide+Wind]-Induced)

at 0.0 m
*)
depth (from MSL)
V0
m/s
0.27
0.29
0.35
1.9 m
depth
V10
m/s
0.26
0.28
0.34
3.8 m
depth
V20
m/s
0.26
0.28
0.34
5.7 m
depth
V30
m/s
0.26
0.28
0.34
7.6 m
depth
V40
m/s
0.26
0.28
0.33
9.5 m
depth
V50
m/s
0.25
0.27
0.32
11.4 m depth
V60
m/s
0.25
0.27
0.31
13.3 m depth
V70
m/s
0.24
0.26
0.30
15.2 m depth
V80
m/s
0.24
0.25
0.28
17.1 m depth
V90
m/s
0.22
0.23
0.25
19.0 m depth
V100
m/s
0.21
0.21
0.21
S-7
West
Table S.7
A Summary of the Present Metocean Findings for West Direction

(years)
Metocean Parameter
Item
Notation
Unit
100
Wind Speed from West

1-hour mean
U60
m/s
7.64
9.92
15.85
30-minute mean
U30
m/s
7.79
10.12
16.17
10-minute mean
U10
m/s
8.10
10.52
16.80
1-minute mean
U1
m/s
9.02
11.71
18.70
3-second gust
Ugust
m/s
10.16
13.19
21.08
2.22
2.89
3.38
Maximum Individual Wave Propagating to West

Hmax
Height
m
Period
Tmax
6.08
6.56
6.92
Length
Lmax
56.11
64.10
69.98
0.04
0.05
0.05
(H/L)max
Steepness
Significant Wave Propagating to West

Hs
Height
1.31
1.70
1.99
Period
Ts
5.33
5.69
5.97
Length
Ls
43.97
49.73
54.29
Steepness
(H/L)s
0.03
0.03
0.04
Astronomical Tide
West
HHWL
LLWL
m
m
1.90 *)
2.55 *)
0
Current Speed Flowing to West ([Tide+Wind]-Induced)

at 0.0 m
*)
depth (from MSL)
V0
m/s
0.98
1.01
1.07
1.9 m
depth
V10
m/s
0.98
1.00
1.06
3.8 m
depth
V20
m/s
0.97
1.00
1.05
5.7 m
depth
V30
m/s
0.97
0.99
1.05
7.6 m
depth
V40
m/s
0.97
0.99
1.04
9.5 m
depth
V50
m/s
0.96
0.98
1.03
11.4 m depth
V60
m/s
0.95
0.97
1.01
13.3 m depth
V70
m/s
0.94
0.95
0.99
15.2 m depth
V80
m/s
0.92
0.93
0.96
17.1 m depth
V90
m/s
0.90
0.91
0.92
19.0 m depth
V100
m/s
0.87
0.87
0.87
S-8
Northwest
Table S.8
A Summary of the Present Metocean Findings for Northwest Direction

(years)
Metocean Parameter
Item
Notation
Unit
100
Wind Speed from Northwest

1-hour mean
U60
m/s
7.65
8.17
8.69
30-minute mean
U30
m/s
7.80
8.33
8.86
10-minute mean
U10
m/s
8.11
8.66
9.21
1-minute mean
U1
m/s
9.03
9.64
10.25
3-second gust
Ugust
m/s
10.17
10.87
11.56
0.43
0.63
0.92
Maximum Individual Wave Propag. to Northwest

Hmax
Height
m
Period
Tmax
4.79
4.93
5.14
Length
Lmax
35.78
37.86
41.03
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.26
0.37
0.54
(H/L)max
Steepness
Significant Wave Propagating to Northwest

Hs
Height
Period
Ts
4.47
4.55
4.68
Length
Ls
31.15
32.32
34.14
Steepness
(H/L)s
0.01
0.01
0.02
Astronomical Tide
Northwest
HHWL
LLWL
m
m
1.90 *)
2.55 *)
0
Current Speed Flowing to Northwest ([Tide+Wind]-Induced)

at 0.0 m
*)
depth (from MSL)
V0
m/s
0.36
0.42
0.61
1.9 m
depth
V10
m/s
0.35
0.41
0.59
3.8 m
depth
V20
m/s
0.35
0.40
0.58
5.7 m
depth
V30
m/s
0.34
0.40
0.57
7.6 m
depth
V40
m/s
0.34
0.39
0.55
9.5 m
depth
V50
m/s
0.33
0.38
0.53
11.4 m depth
V60
m/s
0.32
0.36
0.50
13.3 m depth
V70
m/s
0.30
0.34
0.46
15.2 m depth
V80
m/s
0.28
0.31
0.40
17.1 m depth
V90
m/s
0.25
0.27
0.32
19.0 m depth
V100
m/s
0.21
0.21
0.21
S-9
All Direction
Table S.9
A Summary of the Present Metocean Findings for All Direction

(years)
Metocean Parameter
Item
Notation
Unit
100
Wind Speed
1-hour mean
U60
m/s
11.90
16.32
22.74
30-minute mean
U30
m/s
12.14
16.65
23.19
10-minute mean
U10
m/s
12.61
17.30
24.10
1-minute mean
U1
m/s
14.04
19.26
26.83
3-second gust
Ugust
m/s
15.83
21.71
30.24
Height
Hmax
2.64
3.33
3.66
Period
Tmax
6.38
6.88
7.12
Length
Lmax
61.06
69.37
73.21
0.04
0.05
0.05
Maximum Individual Wave
(H/L)max
Steepness
Significant Wave
Height
Hs
1.55
1.96
2.15
Period
Ts
5.55
5.94
6.13
Length
Ls
47.47
53.80
56.93
Steepness
(H/L)s
0.03
0.04
0.04
Astronomical Tide
HHWL
LLWL
m
m
0.08
0.11
0.21
Storm Surge
1.90 *)
2.55 *)
Current Speed ([Tide+Wind]-Induced)

at 0.0 m
*)
depth (from MSL)
V0
m/s
0.98
1.02
1.13
1.9 m
depth
V10
m/s
0.98
1.01
1.11
3.8 m
depth
V20
m/s
0.97
1.01
1.11
5.7 m
depth
V30
m/s
0.97
1.01
1.10
7.6 m
depth
V40
m/s
0.97
1.00
1.09
9.5 m
depth
V50
m/s
0.96
0.99
1.07
11.4 m depth
V60
m/s
0.95
0.98
1.06
13.3 m depth
V70
m/s
0.94
0.96
1.03
15.2 m depth
V80
m/s
0.92
0.94
0.99
17.1 m depth
V90
m/s
0.90
0.91
0.94
19.0 m depth
V100
m/s
0.87
0.87
0.87
S-10

APPENDIX B: FATIGUE DAMAGE DETAILED OUTPUT

See attached.
BCD3-920-49-CAL-4-001-03 Rev A
13 OCT 2005
CHAIN FATIGUE ANALYSIS

DISTRIBUTION ALONG CHAIN LENGTH
22 YEARS DESIGN LIFE
10000
WEAK LINK
INSPECTION NOT REQUIRED
Unfactored Fatigue Life (years)
1000
INSPECTION REQUIRED
100
BELOW ACCEPTABLE LIMIT
10
CH-11
CH-12
CH-13
CH-14
CH-15
CH-16
1
0
23
33
43
50
54
58
62
66
69
73
76
77
82
93
104
Chain Arc Length from Fairlead (m)
115
126
137
148
164
185
207
228
238

CH-11
SEG
ARC
LENGTH
CH-12
DAMAGE
ARC
LENGTH
CH-14
CH-13
DAMAGE
ARC
LENGTH
DAMAGE
ARC
LENGTH
CH-15
DAMAGE
ARC
LENGTH
CH-16
DAMAGE
ARC
LENGTH
DAMAGE
0.01556
0.00
0.05668
0.00
0.18233
0.00
0.14559
0.00
0.01453
0.00
0.01738
0.00
9.22
0.05947
9.08
0.18674
9.08
0.14914
9.12
0.01525
9.13
0.01820
9.14
0.01624
23.44
0.06180
23.15
0.19227
23.16
0.15336
23.25
0.01611
23.27
0.01921
23.29
0.01719
33.44
0.06310
33.15
0.19552
33.16
0.15587
33.25
0.01663
33.27
0.01981
33.29
0.01773
43.44
0.06395
43.15
0.19779
43.16
0.15779
43.25
0.01692
43.27
0.02017
43.29
0.01801
50.34
0.06527
50.07
0.19878
50.08
0.15856
50.16
0.01696
50.17
0.02023
50.20
0.01805
54.13
0.06531
53.91
0.19908
53.91
0.15878
53.98
0.01690
53.99
0.02018
54.01
0.01800
57.93
0.06526
57.74
0.19919
57.75
0.15887
57.80
0.01681
57.81
0.02029
57.83
0.01793
61.72
0.06512
61.58
0.19911
61.58
0.15881
61.62
0.01667
61.63
0.02013
61.64
0.01780
65.52
0.06385
65.41
0.19886
65.41
0.15861
65.45
0.01650
65.45
0.01993
65.46
0.01762
10
69.31
0.06350
69.25
0.19839
69.25
0.15822
69.27
0.01626
69.27
0.01966
69.28
0.01744
11
73.10
0.06307
73.08
0.19774
73.08
0.15771
73.09
0.01609
73.09
0.01924
73.09
0.01700
12
75.50
0.10794
75.50
0.30882
75.50
0.24634
75.50
0.02484
75.50
0.02943
75.50
0.02603
13
76.50
0.10768
76.50
0.30862
76.50
0.24619
76.50
0.02475
76.50
0.02925
76.50
0.02595
14
82.46
0.06061
0.15607
82.45
0.01497
82.45
0.01789
82.45
0.01545
82.44
0.19561
82.44
15
93.38
0.05340
93.32
0.18568
93.32
0.14981
93.34
0.01334
93.34
0.01597
93.35
0.01400
16
104.30
0.04515
104.20
0.17087
104.20
0.13674
104.23
0.01214
104.24
0.01445
104.25
0.01264
17
115.22
0.03892
115.08
0.15542
115.08
0.12384
115.12
0.01050
115.13
0.01297
115.14
0.01202
18
126.14
0.03416
125.96
0.14028
125.96
0.11188
126.02
0.00915
126.03
0.01129
126.04
0.01141
19
137.06
0.02790
136.84
0.12598
136.84
0.09872
136.91
0.00822
136.92
0.01021
136.94
0.01040
20
147.98
0.02374
147.71
0.11066
147.72
0.08619
147.80
0.00752
147.82
0.00923
147.84
0.00972
21
164.07
0.01531
163.78
0.09375
163.79
0.06725
163.87
0.00638
163.89
0.00726
163.91
0.00820
22
185.32
0.00879
185.03
0.06881
185.04
0.04751
185.12
0.00466
185.14
0.00535
185.16
0.00635
23
206.57
0.00571
206.28
0.04578
206.29
0.03380
206.37
0.00333
206.39
0.00399
206.41
0.00468
24
227.82
0.00360
227.53
0.03540
227.54
0.02478
227.62
0.00236
227.64
0.00288
227.66
0.00353
238.44
0.00360
238.15
0.03433
238.16
0.02461
238.25
0.00236
238.27
0.00286
238.29
0.00345

CH-1
SEG
ARC
LENGTH
CH-2
CH-3
CH-4
CH-5
CH-6
Fatigue Life
ARC
LENGTH
Fatigue Life
ARC
LENGTH
Fatigue Life
ARC
LENGTH
Fatigue Life
ARC
LENGTH
Fatigue Life
ARC
LENGTH
Fatigue Life
0.00
109.69
0.00
137.37
0.00
1376.33
0.00
1150.58
0.00
1285.61
1311.32
9.13
1098.89
9.14
1231.63
0.00
352.86
9.22
336.28
9.08
107.10
9.08
134.11
9.12
23.44
323.61
23.15
104.02
23.16
130.41
23.25
1241.35
23.27
1040.98
23.29
1163.57
33.44
316.96
33.15
102.29
33.16
128.31
33.25
1202.64
33.27
1009.67
33.29
1127.80
43.44
312.74
43.15
101.12
43.16
126.75
43.25
1181.97
43.27
991.38
43.29
1110.66
50.34
306.43
50.07
100.61
50.08
126.14
50.16
1179.39
50.17
988.77
50.20
1108.15
54.13
306.22
53.91
100.46
53.91
125.96
53.98
1183.48
53.99
990.98
54.01
1110.93
57.93
306.45
57.74
100.41
57.75
125.89
57.80
1189.77
57.81
985.94
57.83
1115.30
61.72
307.14
61.58
100.45
61.58
125.94
61.62
1199.43
61.63
993.53
61.64
1123.86
65.52
313.23
65.41
100.58
65.41
126.10
65.45
1212.03
65.45
1003.73
65.46
1135.38
10
69.31
314.94
69.25
100.81
69.25
126.41
69.27
1229.70
69.27
1017.37
69.28
1146.74
11
73.10
317.09
73.08
101.14
73.08
126.82
73.09
1243.13
73.09
1039.76
73.09
1176.49
12
75.50
185.29
75.50
64.76
75.50
81.19
75.50
805.16
75.50
679.51
75.50
768.31
13
76.50
185.73
76.50
64.80
76.50
81.24
76.50
808.01
76.50
683.74
76.50
770.61
14
82.46
330.00
82.44
102.24
82.44
128.14
82.45
1335.78
82.45
1118.03
82.45
1294.81
15
93.38
374.51
93.32
107.71
93.32
133.50
93.34
1499.17
93.34
1252.17
93.35
1429.03
16
104.30
443.01
104.20
117.05
104.20
146.26
104.23
1647.68
104.24
1383.98
104.25
1582.08
17
115.22
513.90
115.08
128.68
115.08
161.50
115.12
1904.21
115.13
1541.92
115.14
1664.38
18
126.14
585.50
125.96
142.57
125.96
178.76
126.02
2185.03
126.03
1771.60
126.04
1752.44
19
137.06
716.89
136.84
158.76
136.84
202.58
136.91
2433.04
136.92
1958.15
136.94
1923.90
20
147.98
842.48
147.71
180.73
147.72
232.04
147.80
2659.33
147.82
2167.27
147.84
2057.85
21
164.07
1306.22
163.78
213.32
163.79
297.38
163.87
3136.14
163.89
2755.44
163.91
2439.54
22
185.32
2275.92
185.03
290.65
185.04
420.93
185.12
4296.23
185.14
3737.79
185.16
3147.86
23
206.57
3502.96
206.28
436.89
206.29
591.67
206.37
6006.22
206.39
5011.64
206.41
4275.38
24
227.82
5561.54
227.53
564.89
227.54
807.14
227.62
8459.69
227.64
6949.61
227.66
5660.10
238.44
5552.29
238.15
582.58
238.16
812.53
238.25
8470.43
238.27
7000.68
238.29
5791.38

APPENDIX C: SIMULATION RESULT [ CDROM ]

See attached.
BCD3-920-49-CAL-4-001-03 Rev A
13 OCT 2005

Fts Batara Mooring Design

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BETARA Condensate

PetroChina Company Limited

ZEE Engineering Consultants Pte. Ltd.

Betara Condensate Terminal

SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

FSO Vessel Details

FATIGUE ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

APPENDIX A: ENVIRONMENT DATA [EXTRACT]

REVISION AND AUTHORISATION RECORD

Issued for Comments

Betara Condensate Terminal

FIGURE 1.1 BETARA COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT PLAN

Betara Condensate Terminal

Standard Coordinate System

FIGURE 1.4 VESSEL COORDINATE SYSTEM

Betara Condensate Terminal

Floating Storage and Offloading Vessel

Response Amplitude Operators

Quadratic Transfer Functions

Fixed Process and Facility Platform

Oil Companies International Marine Forum

Indonesian Hydrodynamic Laboratory

Liquefied Petroleum Gas

ULSUltimate Limit State

Accidental Limit State

Fatigue Limit State

Indicates mandatory requirement

Indicates preferred course of action

Indicates optional course of action

Betara Condensate Terminal

SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Fatigue Analysis Results

Betara Condensate Terminal

An inspection program to be formulated for the chains and weak-links.

Manufactured components should be carefully inspected to ensure that there

CHAIN FATIGUE ANALYSIS

INSPECTION NOT REQUIRED

Unfactored Fatigue Life (years)

BELOW ACCEPTABLE LIMIT

Chain Arc Length from Fairlead (m)

Fatigue Damage Tables

Fatigue Damage Tables

Betara Condensate Terminal

Recommended Practice for Design and Analysis of station

DNV OS E301, Position Mooring, June 2001.

Prediction of Wind Loads on Large Liquefaction Gas Carriers,

Prediction of Wind and Current Loads on VLCCs, 2nd Edition

Criteria for Building and Classing Floating Production

Norsok Standard N-003, Actions and action effects, February

Project Specifications and Design Criteria

Mooring Analysis Design Criteria

Mooring Chains Specification

Mooring Hawser Specification

Condensate Terminal Mooring Layout Drawing

Condensate Terminal Mooring Section Drawing

Betara Condensate Terminal

FSO Vessel Details

Length Between Perpendiculars

Draft Design (Full Load)

Draft Design (Ballast Load)

Displacement (Full Load)

Displacement (Ballast Load)