1

Q.1 Fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine are elements in Group VII of the Periodic Table.
Scientists are trying to synthesise a new element in Group VII with a proton number of 117.
(a) How many valency electrons will be present in one atom of this new element?
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) Complete the following table about an isotope of this new element.
nucleon number

280

number of protons
number of neutrons
[2]
(c) Predict two physical properties of this new element.
1 .......................................................................................................................................
2 ...................................................................................................................................[2]
(d) Fluorine reacts with magnesium to form magnesium fluoride.
(i)

Write a balanced equation for this reaction.

[1]
(ii)

Give both the electronic configuration and the charge on the ions which are present
in magnesium fluoride.

[2]

2
(e) Trifluorochloromethane, CF3Cl, is a covalent compound.
(i)

Draw a dot-and-cross diagram for a CF3Cl molecule.

You only need to show the outer electrons for each atom.

[2]
(ii)

Trifluorochloromethane does not conduct electricity.

Suggest one other physical property of trifluorochloromethane.
..............................................................................................................................[1]

(iii)

Suggest one environmental problem associated

trifluorochloromethane in the atmosphere.

with

the

presence

of

..............................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 12]

3
Q-2 Blue diamonds are an impure form of carbon. Part of the structure of a blue diamond is
shown below.

= carbon atom
= boron atom

blue diamond
Blue diamonds have a high melting point and can conduct electricity.
(a) Explain, in terms of structure and bonding, why blue diamonds have a high melting
point.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) Normal diamonds are a pure form of carbon. They do not conduct electricity.
(i)

Explain, in terms of structure and bonding, why normal diamonds do not conduct
electricity.
..................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................[1]

(ii)

Suggest why blue diamonds can conduct electricity.

..................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................[1]

(c) Graphite is another pure form of carbon. Suggest two reasons why graphite is often
used as an electrode in electrolysis.
1 .......................................................................................................................................
2 ...................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 6]

4
Q-3 Choose from the following elements to answer the questions below.
barium
calcium
carbon
copper
helium
hydrogen
iron
lead
lithium
sulfur
zinc
Each element can be used once, more than once or not at all.
Name an element which
(a) forms two acidic oxides,
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) has an ion which, in aqueous solution, reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide to give a
green precipitate,
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) has an atom with an electronic configuration with only four occupied shells,
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) has two giant molecular structures,
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e) has an ion which, in aqueous solution, is used to test for sulfate ions,
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(f)

reacts with water to form an alkaline solution.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 6]

5
Q-4 Aluminium is a metal and both iodine and bromine are non-metals.
aluminium does not corrode very easily.
(a) How does the number of valency electrons help to explain why aluminium is a metal and
iodine and bromine are non-metals?
..........................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [1]
..........................................................................................................................................
Explain why aluminium does not corrode very easily.
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
[2]
..................................................................................................................................
(b) At room
temperature iodine is a solid and bromine is a liquid.
.............................................................................................................................
[2]
Describe the difference between both the arrangement and the motion of particles in a
solid and a liquid.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) Iodine and bromine form the compound iodine bromide, IBr.
Draw the dot-and-cross diagram for IBr.
Only draw the outer shell electrons.

[1]
(d) Describe how bromine is used to test for unsaturation in organic compounds.
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e) Aluminium is used to make alloys for the aircraft industry. One reason for this is that

aluminium does not corrode very easily.

State one other reason why aluminium is used in the manufacture of aircraft.
............................................................................................................................. [1]
Explain why aluminium does not corrode very easily.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................

6
5

Solid sodium chloride and magnesium oxide have the same structure and bonding.
This is the structure of sodium chloride.
Key
Na+
Cl

The table shows the melting point of these two compounds.

compound
magnesium oxide
sodium chloride
(a) (i)

melting point / C
2852
801

What are the formulae for a magnesium ion and an oxide ion?
............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii)

Suggest why magnesium oxide has a much higher melting point than
sodium chloride.
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) (i)

Explain why pure sodium chloride can be electrolysed at 1000 C but not at 600 C.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii)

Construct an equation for the anode reaction in the electrolysis of pure

sodium chloride at 1000 C.
............................................................................................................................. [1]

7
Q-6 (a) Define the term compound.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Choose from the following compounds to answer the questions below.
calcium carbonate
carbon dioxide
carbon monoxide
ethane
glucose
methane
propane
sodium oxide
sucrose
water
zinc oxide
Each compound can be used once, more than once or not at all.
Which compound
(i)

is a product of fermentation,
.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii)

reacts with both hydrochloric acid and aqueous sodium hydroxide,

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(iii)

reacts with hydrochloric acid to form a gas which turns limewater milky,
.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(iv)

is formed by the thermal decomposition of limestone,

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(v)

is a hydrocarbon formed by the bacterial decay of vegetable matter,

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(vi)

is a product of the incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon?

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Draw a dot-and-cross diagram for a molecule of water.

Show only the outer shell electrons.

[2]

8
Q.9 Glass contains silicon(IV) oxide and a number of metal oxides.
(a) The structure of silicon(IV) oxide is shown below.

Key:
silicon atom
oxygen atom

(i)

Describe two similarities in the structure of silicon(IV) oxide and diamond.

..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii)

Explain why silicon(IV) oxide has a high melting point.

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(iii)

Explain why silicon(IV) oxide does not conduct electricity.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Old wine glasses often appear cloudy because they have many small cracks on their
surface.

small cracks
on the surface

The cracks are caused by differences in the rate of diffusion of sodium ions and
hydrogen ions in the glass.
(i)

Explain the meaning of the term diffusion.

..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii)

Suggest why sodium and hydrogen ions do not diffuse at the same rate.
.............................................................................................................................. [1]

9
(c) Sodium oxide is an ionic compound.
Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show

[3]

the arrangement of the outer shell electrons,

the charges on the ions and
the formula of sodium oxide.

Q-10 Choose from the following elements to answer the questions below.
chlorine
hydrogen
iron
lithium
nickel
nitrogen
oxygen
potassium
silver
sulfur
vanadium
zinc
Each element can be used once, more than once or not at all.
Which element
(a) is liberated at the anode when an aqueous solution of potassium sulfate is electrolysed,
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) is used as a catalyst in the manufacture of margarine,
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) is a non-metallic solid, an atom of which contains only six valency electrons,
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) is higher than sodium in the reactivity series,
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e) is in Period 5 of the Periodic Table,
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(f)

forms a white oxide which is amphoteric?

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

10
Q-11 Silicon is an element in Group IV of the Periodic Table.
(a) Give the electronic configuration for a silicon atom.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Silicon has three naturally occurring isotopes.
Complete the following table for two of these isotopes.
isotope

28Si

30Si

number of protons
number of electrons
number of neutrons

[3]

(c) Silicon reacts with chlorine on heating to form silicon(IV) chloride, SiCl4.
Construct an equation for this reaction.

[1]
(d) Silicon(IV) chloride is a simple molecular compound.
(i)

Suggest two physical properties of silicon(IV) chloride other than solubility.

1 ...............................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Draw a dot-and-cross diagram for silicon(IV) chloride.

You only need to show the outer shell electrons for each atom.

[2]

12
(e) Silicon(IV) chloride reacts with water to form silicon(IV) oxide.
Part of the structure of silicon(IV) oxide is shown below.
Key
silicon atom
oxygen atom

Explain, in terms of structure and bonding, why silicon(IV) oxide has a very high melting
point.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 11]