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[1]
(b) Which one of the models A to E represents a solid containing diatomic molecules?
[1]
[1]
2
(e) Structure E is a metal. State three physical properties which are characteristic of all
metals.
[3]
(f) Metals are sometimes mixed with other elements in order to change their properties.
(i) What is the name given to a mixture of metals with other elements?
[1]
(ii) Match up the metals in the boxes on the left with their uses on the right. The first
one has been done for you.
tin
mild steel
stainless steel
aluminium
copper
3
2
[1]
(iii) Which one of these structures represents an atom with an atomic number of 8?
[1]
(iv) Which one of these structures forms a stable ion by gaining one electron?
[1]
(v) Which one of these structures is in Period 3 of the Periodic Table?
[1]
4
(b) Complete the following sentences using words from the list.
chlorine
diamond
sodium
high
strong
low
transfer
sharing
weak
have many
[5]
[1]
(ii) Describe a test for hydrogen.
test
result
[2]
5
3
S
S
H
H
N
H
Cl Na+ Cl Na+ Cl
Pb Pb Pb Pb Pb
Pb Pb Pb Pb
H
H
Cl Na+ Cl Na+ Cl
Pb Pb Pb Pb Pb
[1]
[1]
(iii) Which structure is a gas that turns moist red litmus paper blue?
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
6
(b) Structure F is lead.
(i) What is the source of the small amount of lead present in the air?
[1]
(ii) State an adverse effect of lead on health.
[1]
(c) Structure A is sulphur. Explain why burning fossil fuels containing sulphur is harmful to
the environment.
[2]
[Total: 11]
7
4
air
heated copper
white (anhydrous)
copper sulphate
limewater
(i) When the air is drawn through the apparatus, the lime water turns milky. Which
gas turns lime water milky?
[1]
(ii) The white (anhydrous) copper sulphate turns blue. State the name of the
substance which turns white copper sulphate blue.
[1]
(iii) Oxygen is removed from the air by passing it over heated copper.
Complete the equation for this reaction.
2Cu +
CuO
[2]
8
(c) Pure air contains about 1% argon.
(i) In which Period of the Periodic Table is argon?
[1]
(ii) State the name of the Group of elements to which argon belongs.
[1]
(iii) Draw the electronic structure of argon.
[1]
(iv) Why is argon used in lamps?
[1]
(v) An isotope of argon has a mass number of 40.
Calculate the number of neutrons in this isotope of argon.
[1]
[1]
9
(e) The structure of another compound of xenon is shown below.
O
F
F
Xe
10
5
The halogens are a group of elements showing trends in colour, state and reaction with
other halide ions.
(a) Complete the word equation for the reaction of chlorine with aqueous potassium
bromide.
[2]
(b) Explain why an aqueous solution of iodine does not react with potassium chloride.
[1]
halogen
state at room
temperature
colour
fluorine
gas
yellow
chlorine
bromine
liquid
iodine
solid
boiling point / C
1.51
green
35
red-brown
59
density of solid /
g cm-3
184
1.56
4.93
[2]
[2]
(i) in total,
(ii) in its outer shell?
[2]
[1]
[Total: 10]
11
6
C
H
H
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
H
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[2]
12
(c) State the chemical name of structure B.
[1]
(d) Structure F has several uses. Which one of the following is a correct use of structure F?
Tick one box.
as a lubricant
as an insulator
[1]
(e) The structures A to E are compounds. What do you understand by the term compound?
[1]
[Total: 10]
13
7
26
neutron
30
proton
26
[3]
(a) Some isotopes are radioactive. State one industrial use of radioactive isotopes.
[1]
Fe(NO3)2 + H2
[1]
[Total: 13]
14
(c) When concentrated seawater is electrolysed, chlorine is formed at one of the electrodes.
(i) To which Period in the Periodic Table does chlorine belong?
[1]
(ii) Draw the electronic structure of a chlorine molecule. Show only the outer electrons.
[2]
(d) Drinking water can be obtained by purifying seawater.
Explain why distillation rather than filtration is used to purify seawater for drinking.
[2]
[Total: 11]
15
8(a)
[2]
(ii) Explain why iodine does not react with a solution of potassium bromide.
[1]
(b) When chlorine reacts with sodium to form sodium chloride, energy is released.
(i) State the name given to a reaction which releases energy.
[1]
(ii) What type of bonding is present in sodium chloride?
[1]
(iii) Explain what happens in terms of electron transfer when a sodium atom reacts with
a chlorine atom.
[2]
[Total: 14]
16
9
Pure dry crystals of magnesium sulphate can be made by reacting excess magnesium
powder with dilute sulphuric acid.
(a) During the reaction, bubbles of a colourless gas are given off.
State the name of this gas.
[1]
(c) Describe how you can obtain pure dry crystals of magnesium sulphate from a solution
of magnesium sulphate.
[2]
(d) (i) Describe one other reaction that makes magnesium sulphate.
[1]
(ii) Write a word equation for the reaction you suggested in part (d)(i).
[1]
(iii) Magnesium sulphate can be used as a medicine. Explain why the chemicals used
in medicines need to be as pure as possible.
[1]