Abstract.

The words do not occur in isolation in the language they relate to each other according to
different criteria. Here we present the semantic relationships they have with each other, that
is to say, relationships that words have according to their meaning. First, this paper
provides a definition of the semantics and a summary of the origin of this linguistic science,
giving way later to the explanation of the semantic triangle. Secondly, it makes a study on
the semantic relationships that can be established between words. Thus we find the
explanation of how the phenomena of hyponymy, synonymy, polysemy, homonyms and
antonyms operate.

Introduction.
In the act of communication, the word usually appears linked to other words that form
sentences, they produce a specific situation where a social relationship between the speaker
and his interlocutor, circumstance necessary to any communication greatly influences the
set language functioning, especially in the semantic context, both the perspective of the
speaker (when selecting elements when communicating) and the listener (to interpret the
message), we will call this linguistic context.
Human communication can be developed through any of our senses. Speech and language
are only part of the communication. There are other elements in the communication: the
metalinguistic aspects, paralinguistic, and not strictly linguistic can cause the change of the
meaning of a message; besides involving the intervention of affective elements or
emotional expressed in diverse ways. Some examples are the accents in certain places of
words, certain intonations and pauses, body gestures, facial expressions, the speed or
intensity of expression, eye contact, repeating certain gestures or expressions, etc.
However, we can say that the primary means of human communication is verbal and
auditory, that is to say; the language.
To investigate this theme we point out that semantics is the science that deals with the
linguistic meaning. This means that studies the meaning of the various linguistic units:
morphemes, words, sentences. As for the meaning of words, the Semantic studying a series
of phenomena called polysemy, homonyms, synonyms and antonyms.

Framework
What is semantics?
Semantics is a sub discipline of linguistics which this has major attention on the study of
meaning. The word "semantics" from the Greek "semantikos", this can be translated as
"sense" or "meaning". Semantics tries to understand what meaning is as an element of
language and how it is constructed for development the language as well as interpreted the
speakers what they say and the hearers who receive the information of language. In others
words, semantic is the science that studies the meaning of words.
The linguistic semantics studies the encoding of meaning in the context of linguistic
expressions. It can be divided into structural semantic and lexical semantics. Denotation
(the relationship between a word and that to which it refers) and connotation (the
relationship between a word and its meaning according to certain experiences and context)
are memorabilia of semantics.
Denotation: It is when the language conveys information. For example: "The pool has
water." I am saying that there is water in the pool and nothing more than that. The literal
meaning is, that is, the phrase has a double meaning.
Connotation: It is when the word or phrase has "double meaning" or figuratively. For
example, when I have a metaphor or a comparison. Example: If I say that a person is "a
donkey" I do not mean to be the animal, but it is ignorant, because I'm comparing the
person with a donkey. Well, this ability of language to suggest another meaning other than
that meets the eye is the connotation.

Semantic relationship.
It includes those relationships established between words such as hyponymy, synonymy,
polysemy, homonyms and antonyms; is the relationship between two elements with
meaning.
The hyponymy is that certain words (hyponyms) have all semantic features of a more
general (called hipernimo), but it adds in its definition other semantic features that
distinguish it. For example: Hyponyms of Day: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday (they are
weekdays). Morning, afternoon, evening (they are parts of the day).
Synonym is the similarity of meaning between two or more definitions included in the same
semantic field, that is, within the same field of word association that, despite having certain
different qualities are related to a common theme. For example: Beautiful: Attractive,
Pretty, Lovely, Stunning.
Antonym is the opposite synonyms are words that mean the opposite or opposed. It comes
from the Greek words anti for opposite and onym for name. Fat and skinny-Young and
old-Happy and sad-Hard and soft.
Polysemy is that one word or sign language has several meanings or meanings. For example
the word foot has different meaning. 1. The lower extremity of the vertebrate leg that is in
direct contact with the ground in standing or walking. 2. A structure used for locomotion or
attachment in an invertebrate animal, such as the muscular organ extending from the ventral
side of a mollusk.
Homonymy is purely casual coincidence between significant, for historical reasons
(etymologically derived from different terms). These phenomenons occur when two words
are pronounced or spelled the same but have a totally different meaning and origin, and
often even belong to different grammatical categories. Thus, for example, can be a verb and
a noun other. If the words are pronounced the same but are spelled differently they are
called homophones and the phenomenon is called homophony. For example, buy-by-bye.
If the words are pronounced and spelled the same homography talking and words are called
homographs. For example, bear (noun) and bear (verb).