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Canadian Public Policy

Review
Author(s): James Townsend
Review by: James Townsend
Source: Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques, Vol. 35, No. 1 (Mar., 2009), pp. 141-142
Published by: University of Toronto Press on behalf of Canadian Public Policy
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40213406
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Reviews/Critiques
d'ouvrages 141
Quebec,and
speakingCanada and French-speaking
concludethatmorecoordinated
approaches
similarly
WhileJohnBiles stresses
need to be implemented.
andevalutheneedtotacklechallengesofcontinuity
initiativesin general,
ation in government-funded
the Conseil des relationsinterculturelles
suggests
evaluthatQuebec needsto specificallyimplement
ation mechanismsto assess practicalelementsof
in theprovince.The followintegration
immigrant
ingthreechaptersofthesectionprovidea solidoverview on how the general public perceives
and how the latterare representedin
immigrants
media coverage.JackJedwab'schapterreviewsa
largebodyofpublicopinionpollsshowingthatthere
is a greatdeal of convergencearoundthetwo-way
streetrelationshipfor immigrantintegrationin
have some conflicting
Canada, butthatsupporters
levels
and how integraabout
immigration
opinions
In theirchaptiongets definedand implemented.
and
Mahtani
Minelle
ters,
Chedly Belkhodja
respectivelypresentthe resultsof theircontent
analysis of major English-languageand Frenchlanguagemedia.Accordingto Mahtani,immigrants
in the media, notably
are widely misrepresented
She
and under-representation.
stereotyping
through
reidentifiesa need to conductmoreimmigration
andconsumption.
searchinthearenasofproduction
Belkhodja discusses the debate over whatconstitutes reasonable accommodation,and considers
comofthegrowing
someofthebroaderimplications
and
the
sentiments
between
Quebec pluralist
petition
accommodation.
and
over
riseofcriticisms diversity

tural, and political sectors. Still, what was not


coveredin thebook raisesthequestionof potential
knowledgegaps. Interesting
comparativeworkbetweenthesituationinQuebec andEnglish-speaking
Canada is presentinthebook,butwe stillknowvery
littleabout legal immigration
issues as theyrelate
to thecivil and common-lawsystemsof thecounand integration
realities
try,or aboutthesettlement
of immigrants
and refugeeswhomigratefromQuebec toEnglish-speaking
Canada.Moregender-based
and
research
wouldalso be welanalysis
qualitative
come. While it is my hope thatthese topics get
picked up in the nextvolumesof the anticipated
Metropolis collection and/orin futureresearch
thisfirst
projectsanddiscussions,I fullyrecommend
to
volumeas it providesan excellentintroduction
and integration
thetopicof Canadian immigration
and has greatappeal fora broadaudience.
of Canada. The
JosGeMakropoulos,Government
views expressedin thisdocumentare thoseof the
authorand do not necessarilyreflectthoseof the
of Canada.
Government

The Impact of 9/11on Canada-U.S. Trade


by StevenGlobermanand Paul Storer.University
ofTorontoPress,2008.

Afterthe9/11 attacks,theUnitedStatesclosed its


downbilateraltradewithCanada.
border,shutting
The reopeningof theborderheraldeda regimeof
and timelybook
securitythathas resultedinlongerwaits
heightened
As a whole,thisis an important
thatcontributesto broadeningour understanding at theborderand increasedcosts of movinggoods
In TheImpactof 9/11on
betweenthetwocountries.
is addressedin
abouthow immigration
integration
Globerman
andPaulStorer
Steven
Canada-U.S.
Trade,
Canadaandwhy.The concludingchapterofthethree
1
measureson
effect
of
measure
the
post-9/1security
editors- JohnBiles, Meyer Burstein,and James
bilateraltradeflowsbetweenthetwocountries.
- is particularly
welldonefroma Canadian
Frideres
worka
solid
as
it
publicpolicyperspective presents
The book opens withan accountof theclosing
foridentifying
immigrant
integraing framework
and
reopeningof the UnitedStates borderin the
tionwiththetwo-wayprocessmodel,anddiscusses
availableempiricalindicatorsformeasur- weeks followingthe attacks, and describes the
currently
in economic,social, culsecuritymeasuresand agreementsthatwereputin
integration
ing immigrant

Canadian Public Policy - Analyse de politiques, vol. xxxv,no. i 2009

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142 Reviews/Critiques
d'ouvrages
place in thefollowingweeksand years.Fromthere,
theauthorsdescribethegeographyofthelandports
at the border(chapter2) and providean overview
of the bilateraltradein goods (chapter3), noting
the importanceof certaingoods (automobilesand
parts)andcertainports(thelion'sshareofshipments
and
pass through
portsat Detroit,Buffalo-Niagara,
PortHuron). They also summarizepreviousestimatesof increasedwaitingtimesand costs associated withtheenhancedsecurity(chapter4). These
chaptersprovidethe backgroundneeded to evaluand findingsof thebook.
ate themethodology

However,the
appreciatedsharplyin theaftermath.
findingthatimportsand exportsbothfellsuggests
thattimeeffectsindeedcapturethe effectsof the
new securitymeasures.

to
Globermanand Storerapplythismethodology
whethertheflow
thetenlargestports,to determine
susof goods across certainportswas particularly
ceptible to disruptionsarising fromnew border
measures.Theyfindthatcertainports,suchas Detroit,appeared to normalizewithina few years,
whileexportsand importsremaineddepresseduntil theend of theirstudyperiodat others,such as
PortHuron.An analysisof thetypesof goods and
The authors'methodologyinvolvesusingbilatat variousportssuggests
modes of transportation
eral tradecoveringthe period 1996-2005 to estia higherfractionof
which
that
those
mateparsimonious
modelsofexportstoandimports
portsthrough
fromtheUnitedStates.Anydeclinesin importsor
goods are shippedby rail weremorelikelyto con2001, that tinueto experiencea reducedflowof goods. The
exportsthatoccurredafterSeptember11th,
cannotbe accountedforby standarddeterminants authorssuggestthatthisarises because inspection
of rail containersinvolvesremovingrailcarsfrom
oftrade(theexchangerateandthenationalincomes
ofthetwocountries)areattributed
totheextracosts
trains,delayingtheentiretrainforovertwohours.
of shipping resulting from increased security
for
The authorsprovideseveralrecommendations
measures.As thecostsassociatedwithcrossingthe
theflowof goods whilepursuingtheseborderbeforeand after9/11 cannotbe consistently improving
measured,thisstrikesme as a reasonableapproach. curitygoals of theUnitedStates.Theyarguethata
is untenable,as Canatheauthorsfindthatexportsto
commonsecurityperimeter
Usingthisframework,
andimports
fromtheUnitedStatesdecreaseddramati- dian politiciansare unwillingto cede thenecessary
Globermanand Storeradvocateusing
after9/11, sovereignty.
callyinthemonthsandyearsimmediately
fallingby as muchas 25 percentand 20 percentin
policiesand technologiesthatallow shippersto nobeforetheyreach
2002 and2003,respectively.
imports
tifyborderofficialsof shipments
Although
appear
those
can
so
that
officials
tohaverecovered
still
were
identify
by2004,exports
approxi- inspectionpoints,
for
risks.
also
call
13
in
2005.
the
below
levels
They
mately percent
expected
shipments
posing greatest
efforts
to improveborderinfrastructure.
coordinated
Globermanand Storeracknowledgethattheir
reminder
that9/11 has
This book is an important
methodologywill overstatethe effectof security
if otherfactorsresultedin reduced permanently
the
nature
of
enhancements
border,and that
changed
tradeflows.They systematically
considerseveral
thischangeis costlyforCanada,givenourcommercial linkagewiththeUnitedStates.Globermanand
potentialcandidates,includingchangesin theauto
and theongoingsoftwoodlumberdispute, Storerprovidea carefulstudyofhowborderchanges
industry
and makea compellingcase thatthesefactorswere
havedisrupted
tradeflows.This workshouldinform
and
bothpolicydiscussionsabouttradeandsecurity,
role in tradeflowsin
unlikelyto playa substantive
the post-9/1
1 period.I feltsome concernthatthe
subsequentstudiesof bilateraltrade.
methodology
mightnotbe able to fullycontrolfor
rate
JamesTownsend,Departmentof Economics,Unieffects,giventhattheexchangerate
exchange
was depreciatingin periodbeforethe attacksand
versityof Winnipeg
Canadian Public Policy - Analyse de politiques, vol. xxxv,no. i 2009

This content downloaded from 141.117.125.76 on Fri, 03 Jul 2015 05:07:18 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

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