Aerospace Industry Report - 2006-07 (NOT To BE MAILED)

THE INDIAN
AEROSPACE INDUSTRY
A REPORT
By
The Indo Italian Chamber of Commerce & Industry
Head Office: 502, Bengal Chemicals Compound Veer Savarkar Marg Prabhadevi Mumbai 400 025 India
Tel: +91.22.2436 8186 Fax: +91.22.2436 8191/2438 2716 Email: iicci@indiaitaly.com
Web: www.indiaitaly.com
INDIAN AEROPSACE INDUSTRY A REPORT

CONTENTS
1. Sector Overview
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Introduction
Aerospace Industrys Growth Opportunities in India
India Becoming an Aerospace Technology Sourcing Hub
Aerospace Industry to fly high in India
IT Sector to Share Benefits
India Beneficiary
Rocketry and Space in Modern India
2. History of the Indian Space Program

3. Structure of the Indian Space Program
4. Department of Space (DOS) Annual Report 2006-07
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
Introduction
Organization
Communication and Meteorological Satellite System
Earth Observation System
Space Applications
Space Transportation
Space Sciences
Sponsored Research
Space-Industry Partnership
International Cooperation
Space Program Publicity
Right to Information
Human Resources
Technical Services
5. Some Big Players in Indias Space Program

a. Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)
i. Contacts
ii. Profile
1. 1960 1970
2. 1970 1980
3. 1980 1990
4. 1990 2000
5. 2000 2010
iii. ISRO Centers
iv. Major Achievements
1. Yearly
v. Satellites
1.
2.
3.
4.
INSAT Series
IRS Series
METSAT / Kalpana Series
Technology Experiment Satellite
vi. Future Plans

vii. Decade Plan Launch Schedule
viii. Launch Vehicles
1. Past
2. Present
3. Future
ix.
x.
xi.
xii.
xiii.
Opinions and Analysis

Comparisons With Other Space Agencies
Criticism
Ballistic Missile Technology
Question of Crewed Missions
1. Indian Human Spaceflight Program
xiv. Major Supplying Firms to the Indian Space Program

xv. Indias Space Program
xvi. Major Events

1. 2004
2. 2005
3. 2006
xvii. ISRO Launch Vehicles
1.
2.
3.
4.
Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV 3)

Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV)
Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV)
Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV)
xviii. Major Indian Space Missions

b. The Society of Indian Aerospace technologies and Industries (SIATI)
i. Contacts
ii. Profile
1. Product List
2. About Air Cmde. (Retired) J. Varkey Hon. Secretary General
c. Larsen and Toubro (L & T)
i. Contacts
ii. Profile
1. L & T Business Portfolio
2. Record of Achievements
3. Heavy Engineering
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
R & D Key to the Future

Hi-Tech Fabrication From Megatons to Microns
Project Management The Orchestration of Expertise
Strategic Capabilities
Development of Specific Technologies
Track Record
4. Additional Contacts
d. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)

i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
Contacts
The Early Years
Joint Ventures (JVs) with HAL
HAL Services
Organizational Growth of HAL
International and Domestic Customers
e. National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL)

i. Contacts
ii. Profile
f. Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL)
i. Contacts
ii. Profile
6. Components Manufactured & Service Support
a. Research & Development and Design & Development
b. Manufacturing / Fabrications / Assembly 1
c. Manufacturing / Fabrications / Assembly 2
i. Precision Machining
ii. Sheet Metal Parts
iii. Cables / Cable Looms / Assemblies
d. Finished Products & Systems
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
Batteries
Connectors
Embedded System Products
Fasteners / Hardware
Filters
GPS / Navigation
Electronic / Electrical Components / Switches and Relays
Rubber Parts
e. Materials & Consumables

i. Castings & Forging
ii. Raw Materials (Metallic / Non-Metallic)
iii. Consumable
f. Tools / Test Equipments / GHE
i. Test Equipment
ii. Tools / Jigs / Fixtures
iii. GSE / GHE
g. Service & Support
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
Maintenance / Repair / Overhaul Aircrafts / Engines / Systems & Instruments

Stocking
Documentation Engineering
Knowledge Engineering
Training
Consulting
7. Scope for work and Opportunities

a. Driving Factors for Cooperation
b. Cooperation Possibilities
c. Why India is Being Considered a Design Center to the World
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
Co-Production
Joint Venture
Establishing Support Centers with Indian Companies
Software Capabilities
CAD and related services
1. CAE Competency
a. Design & Development
b. Structural Design
c. System Design
d. MCAE
i. Design Validation
e. Test Data Management

f. Product Data Management
g. Embedded Application
i. Real Time Software Solutions
ii. Expertise
h. Testing and QA
i. Technology Expertise
ii. Specialized Services
vi. Software Development
1. Focus Areas
vii. Engineering Software Development
1. Customization
2. Integration
d. Opportunities
e. Current and Future Transport Aircraft Programs
f. Current and Future Military Aircraft Programs
8. Some Aerospace Component Manufacturers Contacts
a. Product List
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.
x.
xi.
xii.
xiii.
xiv.
xv.
Aircraft, Helicopter, Satellite Structures/Launch Vehicle, Balloon -Manufacturer

Airline Operators, Charter Operators, Aerial Services
Avionics/Radars
Castings And Forgings
Consumables
Design Agency-Aircraft / Aero-engine / Systems
Electrical / Electronics Components / Systems
Electrical Connectors, Cables & Batteries, Switches, Relays & PCB
Government Organizations, Associations, Professional bodies
Ground Support Equipments, Measuring & Test Equipment
Jigs, Fixtures, Gauges & Tools
Machines / SPMs
Maintenance / Overhaul Engineering Services
Marketing, Consulting, Technology transfer, Business support
Materials(Metallic & Non-Metallic)-Raw or Shaped
xvi.
xvii.
xviii.
xix.
xx.
xxi.
xxii.
xxiii.
Mechanical Components & Systems

Power Plants, APU, Starters - Manufacturers
Precision Machined Parts
R & D Laboratories & Testing Laboratories
Software & Systems, Product Life Cycle Management, Knowledge Engineering
Standard Parts/Fasteners
Stocking, Distribution-Aircraft Spares & Rotables
Training and Educational Institutions
9. Acronyms
SECTOR OVERVIEW
Introduction
India began its space program with the establishment of The Space Commission and Department of Space in
1972. Since then India has made steady progress in the development of launch vehicles and satellites. The
first Indian satellite was Aryabhata, which was launched by a Soviet rocket on 19th April 1975. With the
successful launch of the SLV-3 on 18th July 1980 when a 35kg satellite called Rohini was placed in LEO,
India became only the seventh nation in the world to achieve space orbit capability.
The primary objective of the Indian Space Program is to achieve selfreliance in space technology and develop application driven programs
to meet the national needs. Space technology in India is primarily
geared towards improving telecommunications, meteorological
forecasting, providing advanced natural disaster warning, distance
education and remote sensing for agriculture, soil, mineral and water
resources management.
India's first operational Earth Observation satellite IRS-1A, a 850 kg
satellite was launched into a 900 Km polar orbit on 17th March 1988
by a Soviet rocket. In 1997, India used its own rocket PSLV to place
IRS-1D into polar orbit. With the development of PSLV, India has the
capability to place upto 1,200 kg satellites into polar orbit. The Indian
Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS) system has the largest constellation of
commercial earth observation providing data in a variety of spatial and
spectral resolutions.
India's first operational telecommunications satellite was INSAT-1A, which was launched by a NASA Delta
rocket on 10th April 1982. Since then, India relies on European Space Agency's Ariane rockets to launch its
INSAT series satellites into geostationary orbit. With the development of GSLV, India is expected to be able
to put INSAT series satellites into GEO by itself.
On April 18, 2001, India blasted itself into the elite space club of heavy satellite launchers with the
successful test-flight of GSLV-D1. The successful launch of India's first educational communication satellite
"EDUSAT" by GSLV-F01 on September 20, 2004 heralds the operational reliability of the heavy lifter to
Geostationary orbits.
Aerospace Industrys Growth Opportunities in India
The current scenario in the worlds second largest aviation market, India, is an economy growing in excess
of 8 percent, a vibrant middleclass, and an expanding base of air travelers. Added to this, the need for
upgrading the existing fleet of fighter jets makes Indias market exciting and a hotbed of untapped
opportunities.
Following global trends, India recently announced its own offset policy for procurement deals. The defense
allocation being constantly on the rise, the competition is stiff among the defense suppliers from Europe,
Russia, and US. This translates into opportunities for manufacturers and global service providers (GSP) in
India. For global vendors, India is too good a market to be ignored.
Aero India 2007, recently held in Bangalore, India, witnessed the participation of major aerospace companies
and signing of partnership and investment deals. Increasing demand from the Indian aviation and defense
sector, as well as the procurement offset policy by the State, contributed to the spurt in participation and
partnership deals. The offset policy expects the beneficiary companies to invest 30 percent of the deal value
in India, if the deal crosses $70 million, by means of setting up training facilities, sourcing components,
technology sharing, or making use of IT services from India-based GSPs. The offset deal encouraged many
small and medium enterprises to showcase their technology in the Bangalore air show.
The offset policy, formulated by the State, relating to defense procurements has also been extended to the
purchases of state owned carriers like, Air India and Indian (erstwhile Indian Airlines). The Air India order
for 68 Boeing aircrafts and Indian order for 43 Airbus aircrafts, valued around $13.5 billion, will lead to a
considerable chunk of offset deals. The companies based in India are seeing a high tide in terms of
partnership deals for various services as the policy expects overseas vendors to have Indian partners. The
State policy promotes the participation of private companies along with the state owned enterprises, like
HAL, makers of helicopters, aircrafts, and aerospace equipment. The global aerospace companies anyway
prefer the services of the GSPs from India, such as HCL, Infosys, TCS, Satyam, and Wipro, whose global
delivery model (GDM) have been widely appreciated worldwide. This situation will lead to global
companies easily satisfying the offset requirement of 30 percent. The technical talent and low-cost
environment is instrumental for India emerging as a manufacturing hub. The manufacturing sector is
expected to be another key beneficiary of the offset policy, and this will probably result in deals crossing the
30 percent offset limit.
The contracts and partnerships signed during Aero India 2007 include not only those with the GSPs, but also
with the state owned enterprises, such as HAL and Engineering & Construction companies. A typical
example is the recent arrangement between Boeing and L & T, Indias largest Engineering & Construction
company. This trend reflects the changed perception that India is emerging as a manufacturing hub and not
as a provider of IT services alone. The slew of agreements included HCL Technologies partnering with
Britains Smiths Groups aerospace unit to set up an engineering services center and Satyam forming an
alliance with Northrop Grumman, a $30 billion US defense and technology company. There are also
companies entering into preliminary partnership deals, preparing the ground for future growth. A case in
point being the Raytheon tie up with Tata Powers strategic electronics division for the defense related
technologies.
The growing aviation market in India will widely benefit the manufacturing companies and GSPs. Going by
the surge in deals signed and business opportunities created, the aerospace market is expected to be buoyant
and good times will continue.
10
India Becoming an Aerospace Technology Sourcing Hub

With high growth in IT and aerospace technologies India is on the edge of world aerospace. Indian aerospace
firms are internationally competitive and customer oriented.
Equipped with comparative advantage of cheap and skilled engineers, India is positioned to become a keysourcing hub for global aerospace firms. The combination of its successful information and aerospace
technologies has given India an edge over its aerospace industry. India has made its place in the global
aerospace industry, making them internationally competitive and customer oriented.
The countrys opportunities in aerospace industry have started off a wave of aerospace engineering and
design services to be outsourced to India. These off shoring areas are control system design, embedded
development, high level aeronautical system design, simulation, testing devices, cockpit equipment support
software, air traffic management systems, and composite structuring.
While India is set to become a major player, USA has also joined the race in global aerospace market. USA
has tied up with Indias HCL Technologies to make a base for the flight test system of the Dream liner
aircraft.
A market research report namely Global Aerospace Market Forecast (2006-2009) by RNCOS lists the
several major trends in Indian aerospace industry. It includes rapid growth in civil airlines, increase in
private airlines, and predicted future growth in manufacturing especially in the private sector. In its global
aerospace market forecast the report predicts that the Indian aerospace technology outsourcing market, which
is currently at US $155 million will reach US $1 billion.
The report supplements with answers to questions relating to:
The competitive market landscape in the global aerospace market
The current status of the global aerospace market
The position of the market after five years
The major driving forces of the global aerospace industry
The opportunities that exist for manufacturers in this market
The sensitivity and success factors in aerospace industry in the world
The different comparisons in the positions of the companies in the global aerospace market.
The market research report, Global Aerospace Market Forecast (2006-2009) provides an updated and
detailed overview of the global aerospace market. The report would be of great help to chief information
officers and other aerospace staff of the organization, manufacturers, prospective investors, and students and
academicians desiring to study the current global aerospace market.
Aerospace Industry to fly high in India
Major global aviation industry are eyeing the local market in India and landing. This development is creating
an opportunity for Indian offshore majors and component makers.
11
Indian aerospace and IT majors saw a flood of activity as global majors scouted for outsourcing aerospace
and defense products. Aviation analysts feel India is fast emerging as engineering and design services are
outsourced to India. These include control system design, embedded development, high level aeronautical
system design, simulation, testing devices, cockpit equipment support software, air traffic management
systems, and composite structuring.
IT sector to share the benefits
Reaping the benefits of this offshore are some of the homegrown aerospace and IT majors - Hindustan
Aeronautics (HAL), Larsen and Toubro (L&T), TCS, Wipro, Infosys and HCL. The Indian advantage is
obvious to those re-evaluating their engineering and business processes. A recent report by Research &
Consultancy Outsourcing Services (RNCOS) predicts that the Indian aerospace technology outsourcing
market, which is currently at US$ 155 million, will reach US$ 1 billion by 2009. And by 2020, Indias
offshore engineering services market could go up US$ 3 billion, according to Booz Allen Hamilton analysis.
Taking on to the opportunity its not surprising to see that aerospace majors like Lockheed Martin, Boeing,
Thales, Pratt & Whitney, Bombardier, Rolls Royce, among others, coming to India hoping for a piece of the
billions of dollars in defense contracts India plans to spend in modernizing its armed forces.
On civil aviation front, the excitement is quite clear as Indias aviation industry is likely to buy aircraft worth
US$ 75 billion in the next decade during which the number of aircraft would increase from the present level
of 250 to 1,500. Though the defense sector is eyeing the US$ 10 billion contract for 126 fighter aircraft.
To ensure that Indian companies gain from the opportunity, the government has made it mandatory for
aircraft manufacturers to source 30 per cent of the value of the aircraft from Indian vendors. Defense
minister A K Anthony says, We dont want to have a buyer-seller relationship. We will buy, but technology
transfer must be there and we must be involved in designing, development and co-production.
India beneficiary
Action is hotting up. The US$ 30 billion Northrop Grumman Corp has joined hands with Satyam Computer
Services to jointly provide high-end engineering services to the global aerospace and defense industry. HCL
Technologies and Crane Aerospace & Electronics inked a deal under which HCL will provide engineering
services to support Cranes product lines in cabin, landing systems, sensing and utility systems and fluid
management across several aircraft programs. HCL Technologies is already working on the flight test system
of the Dreamliner aircraft from Boeing.
On its part, the US aircraft maker roped in HAL as partner for joint exploration of business opportunities in
Indias defense sector. The European major in aerospace, defense and related services, EADS, signed an
agreement with HAL for long-term co-operation. Gregor V Kursell of EADS says, We wont like to call it
outsourcing, but attracting good brains to be able to deliver high quality products. The company will soon
open a technology centre in Bangalore for engineering services, software and technical publications. We
have also been working closely with Wipro and TCS, he adds.
12
Lockheed Martin and Boeing Integrated Defense System (IDS) are in talks with TCS for possible design
outsourcing options. Boeing is also all set to ink a deal this March with Indian suppliers for sourcing of
aircraft equipment. Among others, Quest, an engineering services provider announced a joint venture with
Canadian Magellan Aerospace; Bangalore-based CADES, a product design and development solutions
provider for the aerospace and defense sector, tied up with CeBeNetwork Holding, a strategic supplier for
Airbus for offshore engineering services work; Taneja Aerospace & Aviation tied up with Sabbena Technics
TAT Group to form a joint venture to develop an independent MRO facility in Tamil Nadu.
After signing an agreement with Indian to set up an engineering maintenance facility in New Delhi, French
technology major Safran is now looking at investing 50 million euros in a smart card manufacturing centre
here. Thales, an international electronics and systems group, signed an agreement with Rudradev Aviation to
supply training equipment for Airbus and Boeing aircraft in a contract valued at approximately US$ 60
million.
This training equipment will be installed in the new Rudradev Aviation training centre currently under
construction in Chennai. Indeed, Indias aerospace and IT majors are engineering newer aircraft to make
them fly.
Rocketry and Space in Modern India
After regaining independence in 1947 India focused all its energy in nation building, focused on economic
and industrial development fully understanding the key role of science and technology. Indian rocketry was
reborn thanks to technological vision of Prime Minster Jawahar Lal Nehru. Prof Vikram Sarabhai took the
challenge of realizing this dream. Professor Vikram Sarabhai was an able leader and visionary who gave
shape to modern Indian rocketry and space endeavors. As Dr. APJ Kalam said "Many individual with
myopic vision questioned the relevance of space activities in a newly independent nation, which was finding
it difficult to feed its population. Their vision was clear if Indians were to play meaningful role in the
community of nations, they must be second to none in the application of advanced technologies to their reallife problems. They had no intention of using it as a mean to display our might".
INCOSPAR (Indian Committee for Space Research) lead by Prof Sarabhai was then part of Tata Institute of
Fundamental research (TIFR) (lead by its director Mr. M.G.K. Menon). In 1962 INCOSPAR took the
decision to setup Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) at Thumba (Trivandrum also
known as Thiruvananthapuram) on the southern tip of India very close to earth's magnetic equator.
Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam (the last outgoing President of Indian Republic) was amongst the initial team of rocket
engineer forming the INCOSPAR. The initial team went to America for 6 months training program on
sounding rocket launching techniques. Upon launching the first sounding rocket (Nike-Apache) on 21 Nov
1963, Prof Sarabhai shared with his team his dream of an Indian Satellite Launch Vehicle.
The Rohini Sounding Rocket (RSR) program to develop indigenously developed and fabricated sounding
rockets launched the first single-stage Rohini (RH-75) rocket (32 Kg rocket with 7 Kg payload to ~10 Km
altitude) in 1967, followed by a two-stage Rohini rocket (100 kg payload to over 320 Km altitude). Apart
from Indian payload, sounding rockets from many other countries (including USA, Russia, Japan, France,
and Germany) were also lunched from Thumba, as part of mutual international collaboration.
13
TERLS developed infrastructure for all aspects of rocketry, ranging from rocket design, rocket propellant,
rocket motor casting, integration, payload-assembly, testing, evaluation besides building subsystems like
payload housing and jettison able nose cone. Fiber Reinforced Plastics composite materials for nosecone
were used in early programs at TERLS.
Recognizing the immense socio-economic benefits of space technology in 1969 full steam go ahead was
given for launching satellite launch vehicles and large rockets, Sriharikota situated on the east coast of south
India (100 Km north of Chennai) was chosen as Rocket Launch Station (SHAR RLS) for launching satellite
launch vehicles and large rockets to leverage from earths rotational velocity from west to east. On 15 August
1969 INCOSPAR was reconstituted and Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) was created under
Department of Atomic Agency (DEA) to conduct space research and application.
Prof Vikram Sarabhai had hand picked a team to realize an Indian Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV). The
shoestring budget for R&D and space program forced ISRO to seek participation from civilian industry since
its early days. In 1972 the Indian Government set up the Space Commission and entrusted Department of
Space (DOS) with responsibility for conducting the country's space activities. While ISRO is main developer
of launcher and satellite systems, it is complemented by two separate agencies INSAT
(Telecommunications) and IRS (Remote Sensing). All of ISRO's commercial and marketing activities are
handled by Antrix Corp. Ltd, which was created on November 1992 by ISRO.
HISTORY OF THE INDIAN SPACE PROGRAM

Rockets were invented in medieval China (~1044 AD) but its first
practical use for serious purpose other then entertainment took place in
1232 by the Chinese against the Mongols at the siege of Kai-Feng-fue.
Portrait of Tipu Sultan (right)
Thereafter from 1750 AD -1799 Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan (Sultan of
Mysore, in South India) perfected rocket's use for military purposes,
very effectively using it in war against British colonial armies. Tipu
Sultan had 27 brigades (called Kushoons) and each brigade had a
company of rocket men called Jourks. In the Second Anglo-Mysore
war, at the Battle of Pollilur (10 September 1780), Hyder and Tipu
achieved a grand victory, the contributory cause being that one of the
British ammunition tambrils was set on fire by Mysorean rockets.
At the Battle of Seringapatam in 1792, Indian soldiers launched a huge barrage of rockets against British
troops, followed by an assault of 36,000 men. Although the Indian rockets were primitive by modern
standards, their sheer numbers, noise and brilliance were said to have been quite effective at disorienting
British soldiers. During the night, the rockets were often seen as blue lights bursting in the air. Since Indian
forces were able to launch these bursting rockets from in front of and behind British lines, they were a
14
tremendous tool for throwing the British off guard. The bursting rockets were usually followed by a deadly
shower of rockets aimed directly at the soldiers. Some of these rockets passed from the front of the British
columns to the rear, inflicting injury and death as they passed. Sharp bamboo was typically affixed to the
rockets, which were designed to bounce along the ground to produce maximum damage. Two of the rockets
fired by Indian troops in 1792 war are on display at the Royal Artillery Museum in London.
Later at the battle of Srirangapattana (4Th Anglo-Mysore

war) April 1799, British forces lead by Col Arthur
Wellesley (Duke of Wellington) ran away from battlefield
when attacked by rockets and musket fire of Tipu Sultan's
army. Unlike contemporary rockets whose combustion
chamber was made of wood (bamboo), Tipu's rockets
weighing between 2.2 to 5.5 kg used iron cylinder casing
that allowed greater pressure, thrust & range (1.5 to 2.5
Km)[4] .
The British were greatly impressed by the Mysorean
rockets using iron tubes. At the end of war more then 700
rockets and sub systems of 900 rockets were captured and sent to England. William Congreve thoroughly
examined the Indian specimens to reverse engineer and making its copies that were later used successfully in
naval attack on Bologna (1806), siege of Copenhagen (1807) and also against fort Washington (New York)
during America independence war that is recounted as, "rockets' red glare" in U.S. National Anthem "The
Star Spangled Banner". INDIAN TROOPS ROUT BRITISH (above)
The English confrontation with Indian rockets came in 1780 at the Battle of Guntur. The closely massed,
normally unflinching British troops broke and ran when the Indian Army laid down a rocket barrage in their
midst. http://history.msfc.nasa.gov/rocketry/11.html
After the defeat of Tipu Sultan and other Indian kingdoms, major parts of India either fell to British
colonialist or accepted British hegemony. Indian independence was largely compromised and the country
was systematically exploited and suppressed by the British colonialism. Lack of political and economic
independence stymied Indian science and military technology for 150 years till 1947 when it finally threw
away the yoke of foreign occupation, to transition back as an independent sovereign nation state.
15
Structure of Indian Space Program:
ISRO was established in 1969 as India's primary space Research & Development organization, responsible
for developing launcher and propulsion systems, launch sites, satellites and their tracking networks.
(Personnel - 16,800)
Vikram Sarabhai Space Center: ISRO's single largest facility, near Trivandrum providing the technology
base for launcher & propulsion development. (Personnel - 5600)
Liquid Propulsion Systems Center: Development branches in Bangalore and Trivandrum are supported by
major test facilities at Mahendragiri for wide spectrum of liquid motors, from reaction control system
thrusters to the 720kN Vikas and cryogenic engines. (Personnel - 1450)
16
ISRO Satellite Center: Lead center for the design, fabrication & testing of science, technology and
applications satellites. (Personnel - 2400)
SHAR Center: The ISRO's orbital launch site and largest solid motor production and test facility.
(Personnel - 2400)
ISRO Inertial Systems Unit. Provides inertial systems & components for satellites and launchers.
ISRO Telemetry, Tracking & Command Network. Headquartered in Bangalore, ISTRAC operates a
network of ground station to provide TTC support for launcher & satellite operations. (Personnel - 460)
Space Applications Center: Located at Ahmedabad, SAC is ISRO's applications R&D center, including
communications, remote sensing and geodesy. (Personnel - 2150)
INSAT Master Control Facility (MCF) at Hassan, 180km from Bangalore. (Personnel - 295)
Development & Educational Communications Unit (DECU) at Ahmedabad.
17
DEPARTMENT OF SPACE (DOS)

ANNUAL REPORT 2006-07
CONTENTS
1. Introduction
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
PSLV-C7 Mission Enhancing Technological Capabilities

Space capsule Recovery (SRE-1) Foundation for Advanced Missions
GSLV-F02 Mission Learning from Setback
Indigenous Cryogenic Stage Towards Self-reliance
GSLV-Mk III Making Further Progress
CARTOSAT-2 Sharper Imageries for Developmental Applications
Expanding Space Applications Reaching Benefits to Society
Scientific Missions Enhancing Scope for Space Exploration
Industry Participation Increasing Commercial Accruals
Human Resources
Public Awareness on Space Program
Right to Information Ensuring Transparency
Conclusion
2. Organization
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC)

ISRO Satellite Center (ISAC)
Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) SHAR
Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC)
Development and Educational Communication Unit (DECU)
Space Applications Centre (SAC)
ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC)
Master Control Facility (MCF)
National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA)
ISRO Inertial Systems Unit (IISU)
Laboratory for Electro-Optic Systems (LEOS)
Physical Research Laboratory (PRL)
National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL)
Regional Remote Sensing Service Centers (RRSSC)
North Eastern-Space Applications Centre (NE-SAC)
18
p. Antrix Corporation Limited

i. Heritage
ii. Capability
q. Semi-Conductor Laboratory (SCL)
3. Communication and Meteorological Satellite System
a. INSAT System
b. Satellites in Service
i. INSAT 4A
ii. INSAT 2 Series
iii. INSAT 3 Series
1. INSAT 3A
2. INSAT 3B
3. INSAT 3C
4. KALPANA 1
5. INSAT 3E
iv. GSAT 2
v. EDUSAT
vi. HAMSAT
vii. INSAT 4C
viii. INSAT 4B
ix. GSAT 4
x. INSAT 3D
xi. GSAT 5 / INSAT 4D
xii. GSAT 6 / INSAT 4E
xiii. GSAT 7 / INSAT 4F
xiv. GSAT 8 / INSAT 4G
xv. ANUSAT
c. Master Control Facility (MCF)
i. MCF Bhopal
4. Earth Observation System
a. IRS System
i. IRS 1D
19
b. Satellites in Operation
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
CARTOSAT 1
CARTOSAT 2
RESOURCESAT 2
OCEANSAT - 1
c. Forthcoming Satellites
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
OCEANSAT 2
RISAT
RESOURCESAT 2
Third World Satellite (TWSAT)
d. Ground Segment
i. Satellite Data Acquisition and Processing
ii. Aerial Remote Sensing
5. Space Applications
a. Village Resource Centers (VRCs)
b. Disaster Management Support (DMS)
c. INSAT Applications
i. EDUSAT Program
ii. GRAMSAT Program (GP)
iii. Training and Development Communication Channel (TDCC)
iv. Science Channel
v. Telemedicine
vi. Television
vii. Satellite News Gathering and Dissemination
viii. Radio Networking
ix. Telecommunications
x. Mobile Satellite Services
xi. Meteorology
xii. Standard Time and Frequency Dissemination Services
xiii. Remote Sensing Applications for Natural Resource Management
1. Groundwater Prospects Mapping
2. CAPE and FASAL
xiv. Technology Mission on Cotton
xv. Cropping System Analysis
20
xvi. Horticulture Studies

1.
2.
3.
4.
xvii.
xviii.
xix.
xx.
xxi.
xxii.
xxiii.
xxiv.
xxv.
xxvi.
xxvii.
xxviii.
xxix.
xxx.
Potential Fishery Zone (PFZ) Forecasting

Biodiversity Characterization
Snow and Glacier Studies
Wastelands Inventory and Information System
Archeological Applications
Watershed Development Projects
Waterlogging and Salinity Mapping in Command Areas
Ocean Studies
Chhattisgarh State Development Planning
Identification of Hazardous Waste Dumpsites
Hydropower Sites Investigation
Natural Resources Census
Large Scale Mapping (LSM)
Cadastral Referencing Data Base
Natural Resources Data Base (NRDB)
CartoDEM
Satellite Photogrammetry Software
Aerial Survey
6. Space Transportation
a. Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV)
b. 2007 In The News
i. PSLV Successfully Launches Four Satellites
1. Use of Dual Launch Adopter
2. Space Capsule Recovery Experiment (SRE 1)
3. LAPAN TUBSAT and PEHUENSAT 1
ii. Space Capsule Successfully Recovered
iii. INSAT 4B Launched Successfully
iv. PSLV C8 Successfully Launches Italian Satellite
1. AGILE Italian Astronomical Satellite
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.

Cryogenic Upper Stage Project (CUSP)
GSLV-Mk-III
Rohini Sounding Rockets
Space Capsule Recovery Experiment (SRE 1)
Technologies for Advanced Space Transportation
Launch Infrastructure
21
7. Space Sciences
a. Space Science Missions
i. Chandrayaan 1
1. Indian Payloads On Board Chandrayaan 1
2. Scientific Instruments Selected from ESA
ii. Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN)
iii. ASTROSAT
1. Complement of Instruments Carried by ASTROSAT
iv. Megha Tropiques
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
q.
r.
s.
t.
u.
v.
w.
Space Science Activities at Physical Research Laboratory (PRL)

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Coronal Mass Ejection (CME)
Udaipur Solar Observatory
Solar X-ray Astronomy
Space and Atmospheric Sciences
Planetary and Geosciences
Theoretical Physics and Complex Systems
Quantum Optics and Quantum Information
Space Science Activities - National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL)
Space Science Activities - Space Astronomy and Instrumentation Division, ISAC,
Bangalore
ISRO Geosphere Biosphere Program (ISRO-GBP)
Atmospheric Science Program
Space Science Program
Planetary Science and Exploration (PLANEX) Program
ASTROSAT
TAUVEX Data Processing
CAWSES INDIA Program
Microgravity Science / Experiment
Middle and Upper Atmospheric Studies (MIDAS)
Coherent Radio Beacon Experiment (CRABEX)
Space Science Research in Universities
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
S.K. Mitra Center for Research in Space Environment

Study of Air Space Pollutants at S.K. University, Anantpur
M.N. Saha Center for Space Studies, Allahabad University
Astronomy Olympiad
National Space Science Symposium (NSSS 06)
22
8. Sponsored Research
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
Sponsored Projects
Academic Institutions Initiated
Projects in Space Technology
Projects in Space Applications
Projects Initiated at STC, IISc, Bangalore
Projects Initiated at IIT, Kharagpur
Projects Initiated at STC, IIT, Madras (Chennai)
Projects Initiated at STC, IIT, Bombay (Mumbai)
Projects Initiated at STC, IIT, Kanpur
Projects Initiated by STC at University of Pune
9. Space-Industry Partnership
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Introduction
Technology Transfer
Patents and Copyrights
Market Survey and System Studies
Technology Consultancy
Technology Utilization / Vendor Development
Export Promotion
10. International Cooperation

a. Important Agreements Signed During the Year
b. Other Important Agreements Signed During the Year
11. Space Program Publicity
a.
b.
c.
d.
Publicity Through Media

Exhibitions
Publications
General
12. Right to Information

13. Human Resources
a.
b.
c.
d.
Introduction
Housing
Joint Consultative Machinery (JCM)
Apprentice Training
23
e. Reservation in Services
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
f.
g.
h.
i.
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes

Physically Challenged
Ex-Servicemen
Other Backward Classes (OBCs)
Vigilance
Women Employees
Progressive Use of Hindi
Technical Seminars Held During the Year
14. Technical Services

a. Systems Reliability
b. Safety Services
c. Civil Engineering
24
Introduction
The Department of Space (DOS) continues to make forays in the development of new technologies and
space systems to enhance and expand the space services for national development. The two major
operational space systems Indian National Satellite (INSAT) for telecommunication, television
broadcasting and meteorological services and Indian Remote Sensing Satellites (IRS) for resources
monitoring and management together with the two operational launch vehicles, Polar Satellite Launch
Vehicle (PSLV) primarily for launching remote sensing satellites into polar orbits and Geosynchronous
Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) for launching communication and meteorological satellites into
Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) have continued to provide valuable services to the nation.
The successful launch of four satellites Indias CARTOSAT-2 and Space Capsule Recovery Experiment
(SRE-1), Indonesias LAPAN-TUBSAT and Argentinas PEHUENSAT-1 by Indias Polar Satellite
Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C7) on January 10, 2007 was a significant achievement. The successful in orbit
operation, conduct of experiments and reentry and recovery of SRE-1 is yet another bench mark in the
growing technical capabilities of the Indian space program. The ground test of the indigenously developed
complete cryogenic stage, during the year was important in making the Indian space program self-reliant.
INSAT-4B, the second satellite in INSAT-4 series, which will provide Direct-To-Home (DTH) television
and other communication services, is awaiting its launch in March 2007 and once commissioned, will further
enhance the television services. The new initiatives in space applications related to telemedicine, teleeducation and village resources centers continued to expand during the year. Important commercial forays
were made with agreement signed for building communication satellites for international customers jointly
with a European company. The signing of Memoranda of Understanding for carrying instruments from
NASA, USA on board Indias Chandrayaan-1 and for Indias participation in the Russian GLONASS
navigation system were significant events in international cooperation.
PSLV-C7 Mission Enhancing Technological Capabilities
In its tenth mission on January 10, 2007, Indias PSLV-C7 successfully launched, for the first time, four
satellites together Indias CARTOSAT-2 and Space Capsule Recovery Experiment (SRE-1), Indonesias
LAPAN-TUBSAT and Argentinas PEHUENSAT-1. All the satellites were placed precisely in the
predetermined 635 km polar sun synchronous orbit. A specially designed structure, Dual Launch Adopter
(DLA), was used for the first time in PSLV to accommodate the two primary Indian satellites. The successful
flight of PSLV-C7, the ninth in a row, has once again demonstrated its reliability and versatility to launch
multiple satellites and launch satellites precisely in specified orbit. Preparations for the next launch of PSLV,
carrying an Italian satellite as the primary payload, are in advanced stage. PSLV will also be used for
launching Chandrayaan-1, Indias first mission to moon in 2008.
25
Space capsule Recovery (SRE-1) Foundation for Advanced Missions

Space capsule Recovery Experiment (SRE-1) was an important passenger on board PSLV-C7. The 550 kg
SRE-1 was intended to demonstrate Indias capability to orbit a spacecraft for performing experiments in
microgravity conditions and, bring it back to earth proving the technology of de-orbiting and recovering
objects from space. After completion of the experiments, SRE-1 was successfully recovered on January 22,
2007 after maneuvering it to reenter the earths atmosphere and descend over Bay of Bengal about 140 km
East of Sriharikota. The important technologies involved in the mission were orbit breaking, navigation,
guidance and control during the reentry, hypersonic aero-thermodynamics, thermal protection system and,
recovery through deceleration and floatation. SRE-1 carried two experiments one related to study of metal
melting and crystallization under micro gravity conditions and the other intended to study the synthesis of
nano-crystals under micro gravity conditions.
The success of SRE-1 is an important beginning for providing a low cost platform for micro-gravity
experiments in space science and technology and return specimen from space. The technologies
demonstrated through SRE-1 can provide inputs for design of reusable launch vehicles and manned space
missions.
GSLV-F02 Mission Learning from Setback
The fourth launch of Indias Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV-F02), carrying the
communication satellite, INSAT-4C, took place from Satish Dhawan Space Center (SDSC) SHAR,
Sriharikota on July 10, 2006. However, at around 55 sec into flight, the vehicle started deviating significantly
from its nominal flight path resulting in the vehicle experiencing severe aerodynamic loads and its
subsequent breakup at about 62 sec. A Failure Analysis Committee (FAC), constituted to review the reasons
for the failure, has concluded that the primary cause for the failure was the sudden loss of thrust in one out of
the four liquid propellant strap-on stages (S4) immediately after lift-off resulting from the malfunctioning of
a propellant regulator. FAC has also concluded that the design of GSLV is robust and recommended
implementation of strict control on fabrication, inspection and acceptance procedures. All the
recommendations of FAC are being implemented and the launch of GSLV with INSAT-4CR (identical to
INSAT-4C) is planned in 2007-08.
Indigenous Cryogenic Stage Towards Self-reliance
The indigenous cryogenic stage to be used in the upper stage of GSLV replacing the present Russian
supplied stage, has been tested for 50 seconds in October 2006 demonstrating the integrated functioning of
the complete stage. The stage will be ground tested for the total flight duration of 750 seconds in the coming
months before its flight test in GSLV during 2008.
GSLV-Mk III Making Further Progress
Further progress has been made during the year in the development of GSLV-Mk III that will have the
capability to launch 4 ton class satellites into geosynchronous transfer orbit. The wind tunnel tests have been
completed and the vehicle configuration updated. Establishment of major facilities like propellant plant,
assembly and integration has reached advanced stage. Some of the hardware has also been realized during
the year.
26
CARTOSAT-2 Sharper Imageries for Developmental Applications

CARTOSAT-2, the twelfth in the IRS satellite series, has joined the other five remote sensing satellites that
are in service IRS-1D, OCEANSAT-1, Technology Experimental Satellite (TES), RESOURCESAT-1 and
CARTOSAT-1. Carrying Panchromatic camera (PAN) to provide imageries with a high spatial resolution of
better than one meter and a swath of 9.6 km, data from CARTOSAT-2 will be valuable for detailed mapping
of the country and cartographic applications at cadastral level, urban and rural infrastructure development, as
well as, applications in land information and geographical information systems.
The completion of the design review and initiation of flight model activities of Radar Imaging Satellite
(RISAT) which will have all weather and night and day imaging capability, completion of preliminary
design review and test and evaluation of the payloads for an improved ocean resources survey satellite,
OCEANSAT-2, are important achievements during the year towards enhancing the capabilities of Indian
earth observation systems in the coming years.
Expanding Space Applications Reaching Benefits to Society

The space applications program using the Indian remote sensing and communication satellites have
continued to expand during the year. The number of Village Resource Centers (VRC) which provide spatial
information along with collateral information and services like telemedicine and tele-education has increased
to 200 during the year. Tele-medicine network using INSAT that facilitates expert medical services to reach
population in remote and rural areas has expanded to connect 186 hospitals 152 in remote and rural areas
and 34 super specialty hospitals in major cities. EDUSAT network has expanded further and so far, nine
networks in the national beam and 22 networks using regional beams have been implemented. In all, nearly
10,200 terminals have been connected in EDUSAT network.
INSAT system continues to aid in telecommunication and nearly 600 telecommunication terminals are
operating via INSATs. More than 55,000 closed-user groups. Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSAT) are
operating through INSAT. Direct-To Home (DTH) television has been expanding rapidly with the launch of
INSAT-4A in December 2005.
Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) with a constellation of seven satellites to be
launched using Indian launch vehicles over the next six-seven years will form an important component of the
Indian strategy for establishing an indigenous and independent satellite navigation system.
Disaster Management Support (DMS) using space systems has been given emphasis with the
operationalisation of Decision Support Center (DSC) at National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA) as a
single-window service provider.
27
Scientific Missions Enhancing Scope for Space Exploration

Substantial progress has been achieved during the year towards undertaking Indias first unmanned scientific
mission to moon, Chandrayaan-1, during 2007-2008. ISRO and the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) of USA have signed memoranda of understanding during the year on inclusion of
two US scientific instruments Mini Synthetic Aperture Radar and Moon Mineralogy Mapper in addition
to the five primary Indian instruments and three instruments from European Space Agency and one from
Bulgaria. Thus, the scientific scope of Chandrayaan-1 mission has been greatly enhanced. During the year,
hardware related to interface simulation has been delivered to NASA and ESA. Development of Indian
scientific instruments and the spacecraft is progressing satisfactorily. The 18 m diameter antenna has been
installed for the Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN) near Bangalore.
ASTROSAT, which will be a national space-based platform for astronomical observation, to be launched by
PSLV during 2008-09, has made further progress with the finalization of mechanical configuration and
completion of preliminary structural analyses of all the payloads. Preliminary design review of all major
payloads has also been completed during the year.
As part of ISRO Geosphere Biosphere Program (IGBP) two major land aerosol campaigns for studying
aerosols, gases and radiation budget covering both land and oceans have been carried out during the year.
Atmospheric science program has been initiated to use satellite data in projects related atmospheric sciences
leading to operational applications and generation of products and services. In order to meet the requirement
of reliable and accurate weather predictions in time scales of few hours to few days for supporting satellite
launches from SDSC SHAR, a project, Prediction of Regional Weather using Observational Network and
Modeling (PRWONOM) has been initiated.
Under the Sponsored Research Program (RESPOND), DOS continued to support research and
developmental projects, educational programs and other scientific activities at the academic institutions and
autonomous research and development laboratories in the country. During the year, ten sponsored projects
have culminated with meaningful conclusions and 40 new projects at 35 academic institutions were initiated.
Industry Participation Increasing Commercial Accruals
Indian space industry continues to make forays in space based telecommunications and broadcasting,
telemedicine and tele-education. DOS has associated more than 500 small, medium and large scale
industries. So far, DOS has transferred 279 technologies to industries for commercialization and undertaken
270 technical consultancies in various fields. Twenty patent applications have been filed during the year.
Antrix Corporation of DOS and EADS Astrium, Paris have signed a Memorandum of Agreement during the
year to jointly address the commercial market for communications satellites. The first success of this
agreement was achieved with the award of W2M satellite contract by Eutelsat Communications followed by
the award of one more contract to build Highly Adoptable Satellite (HYLAS) for Avanti Screen Media. The
satellites will be built by ISRO while EADS, Astrium, will build the communication payloads.
28
Along with CARTOSAT-2 and SRE-1, LAPAN-TUBSAT from Indonesia and PEhuensat-1 from Argentina
were also launched by PSLV-C7 under commercial agreements during the year and AGILE spacecraft from
Italy is slated for launch by PSLV in 2007. Another launch service agreement has been signed for launching
a cluster of six nano satellites as piggyback on board PSLV for University of Toronto.
DOS continues to nurture bilateral and multilateral relations with space agencies and space related bodies to
take up new scientific and technological challenges, defining international frameworks for exploitation and
utilization of outer space for peaceful purposes, refining space policies and building and strengthening
existing ties between countries. DOS is providing expertise and services for helping other developing
countries in the applications of space technology.
During the year, a memorandum of understanding was signed with NASA of United States on cooperation
concerning NASAs instruments to be flown on board ISROs Chandrayaan-1 mission. Agreements have
been signed with Russian Federation on Indian access to navigation signals of the Russian Global Navigation
Satellite System, (GLONASS), and Indian access to a part of GLONASS Radio Frequency Spectrum.
Progress has also been made in cooperation with Russian Federation in the development and use of the
Russian GLONASS navigation satellite program. India has been elected by the International Astronautical
Federation to host the International Astronautical Congress 2007 (IAC 2007) during September 23-28, 2007
at Hyderabad.
Human Resources
The commitment, dedication, knowledge and skills of DOS personnel continue to play a key role in the
achievements of Indian space program. DOS continued to attach importance to the recruitment, training and
development of its manpower to meet the increasing demands of space program. The approved strength of
DOS is 16,192 of which 11,057 are in scientific and technical categories and 5,135 in administrative
categories. The scheme of induction training program for newly recruited scientists/engineers, centralized
recruitment of scientists and engineers with BE and ME background has been continued during the year.
Organization of training programs in various areas of technology, management, computer, safety,
administrative systems, and in-house training program for administrative staff have been undertaken. DOS
continues to strive for providing its personnel with facilities such as housing, medical, canteen, and
schooling for their children.
Public Awareness on Space Program
DOS continued to make efforts to create awareness among the general public about the progress made under
the Indian space program including the benefits that have accrued from the program to the society. The two
important events GSLV-F02 and PSLV-C7 launches were telecast live by Doordarshan. Private TV
channels were also provided live audio-video feed to cover the news. Special video programs on space
applications have been produced and telecast. Media teams from Bangalore, Thiruvananthapuram and
Chennai were taken to Satish Dhawan Space Center SHAR for familiarizing them on the nuances of space
technologies.
29
More than 20 exhibitions were organized during the year including in international foray like the
International Astronautical Congress at Valencia, Spain, Hanover Trade Fair and 36th COSPAR Exhibition
at Beijing, China. Celebration of World Space Week during October 4-10, 2006 and National Science Day
on February 28 were also important towards creating public awareness.
Right to Information Ensuring Transparency
DOS has implemented Right to Information Act 2005 by identifying Central Public Information Officers,
Assistant Public Information Officers and the Appellate Authority for stage one appeals. As required under
the Act, DOS has published the requisite information on the web www.isro.gov.in /Right to Information.
During the year, 65 applications were received under RTI on which appropriate responses have been given.
Conclusion
The successful launch of four satellites together by PSLV-C7 including SRE-1 and CARTOSAT-2, and the
successful maneuvering and recovery of SRE-1 after conducting experiments in space for ten days have
given further fillip to the Indian space program to undertake advanced programs like re-usable space
transportation systems and manned space missions in the coming years. The PSLV-C8 which carried the
Italian Astronomical Satellite, AGILE, has also given a further boost to the Indian Space Program. In this
mission, PSLV was flown, for the first time, without the six strap-on motors of the first stage. Also, for the
first time, PSLV launched a satellite into an equatorial circular orbit of 550 km. PSLV-C8 was the first major
commercial launch the contract for which was won against stiff international competition.
Initial studies have been conducted on manned space mission. The continuing expansion of space
applications programs like Village Resources Centers, telemedicine, tele-education, disaster management
support and outreach through Direct-To-Home television, reiterates the increasing role played by the Indian
space systems in providing direct benefits to the society. The cooperative agreements with space agencies
like NASA and ESA to include their instruments on board Indias mission to moon, Chandrayan-1; have
further increased the scientific scope of the mission in lunar exploration. The agreement with EADSAstrium, Paris to jointly build communication satellites and the award of two contracts to Antrix by
international customers indicate the increasing commercial success of Indian space program in the
international space market.
Thus Indian space program continues to pursue successful goals on all fronts in meeting the objective of
achieving self-reliance in space technology and its applications for national development.
Organization
The setting up of Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) in 1962 marked the
beginning of Indian space program. In the same year, the work on Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching
Station, (TERLS) near Thiruvananthapuram was also started. The Indian space program was institutionalized
in November 1969 with the formation of Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). The Government of
India constituted the Space Commission and established the Department of Space (DOS) in June 1972 and
brought ISRO under DOS in September 1972.
30
Spacecraft assembly area in the

newly commissioned ISITE (right).
The Space Commission formulates
the policies and oversees the
implementation of the Indian space
program to promote the development
and application of space science and
technology for the socio-economic
benefit of the country. DOS
implements these programs through,
mainly, Indian Space Research
Organization
(ISRO),
National
Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA),
Physical Research Laboratory (PRL),
National
Atmospheric
Research
Laboratory (NARL), North EasternSpace Applications Centre (NE-SAC) and Semi-Conductor Laboratory (SCL). The Antrix Corporation,
established in 1992 as a government owned company, markets the space products and services.
The establishment of space systems and their applications are coordinated by the national level committees,
namely, INSAT Coordination Committee (ICC), Planning Committee of National Natural Resources
Management System (PC-NNRMS) and Advisory Committee on Space Sciences (ADCOS).
The Secretariat of DOS, Civil Engineering Division and ISRO Headquarters are located at Antariksh Bhavan
in Bangalore. Program offices at ISRO Headquarters coordinate the programs like satellite communication,
earth observation, launch vehicle, space science, space-industry development, disaster management support,
sponsored research scheme, contracts management, international cooperation, safety, reliability, publications
and public relations, budget and economic analysis and human resources development.
The major establishments of DOS and their major area of activities are given in the following paragraphs:
Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC)
VSSC at Thiruvananthapuram is the lead centre for the development of satellite launch vehicles and
associated technologies. The centre pursues research and development in the fields of aeronautics; avionics;
composites; computer and information; control, guidance and simulation; launch vehicle design; mechanical
engineering; mechanisms, vehicle integration and testing; propellants, polymers, chemicals and materials;
propulsion, propellants and space ordnance; and systems reliability. Program planning and evaluation,
technology transfer and industrial coordination, human resources development, safety and personnel and
general administration groups support the centre.
An Ammonium Perchlorate Experimental Plant (APEP) has been set up by VSSC at Aluva in Kerala.
The Space Physics Laboratory at VSSC carries out research in atmospheric and related space sciences.
31
The major programs at VSSC include: Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), Geosynchronous Satellite
Launch Vehicle (GSLV), Rohini Sounding Rocket, Space-capsule Recovery Experiment, Reusable Launch
Vehicles and Air Breathing Propulsion.
ISRO Satellite Centre (ISAC)
ISAC at Bangalore is engaged in developing satellite technology and implementation of satellite systems for
scientific, technological and application missions. ISAC is functionally organized into five major areas:
mechanical systems area including structures, thermal systems and spacecraft mechanisms; digital and
communications area including digital systems and communication systems; integration and power area
comprising spacecraft checkout, systems integration and power systems; controls and mission area consisting
of control system, mission development and computer and information; and facilities. Reliability and
components area comprising indigenization and components and systems reliability and program planning
and evaluation group support the centre. Four project management teams co-ordinate the implementation of
projects. Space astronomy and instrumentation division is engaged in space science activities. A new facility,
ISRO Satellite Integration and Test Establishment (ISITE) including a Comprehensive Assembly, Test and
Thermo-vacuum Chamber (CATVAC) has been set up and commissioned during the year.
ISRO Radar Development Unit (ISRAD) at Bangalore, working under the overall umbrella of ISAC, carries
out research and development in the area of radar systems needed for space program like tracking radars,
wind profile radar and weather radars needed for meteorological applications.
Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) SHAR
SDSC SHAR is the main launch centre of ISRO and has facilities for solid propellant processing, static
testing of solid motors, launch vehicle integration and launch operations, range operations comprising
telemetry tracking and command network and mission control centre. Management service group, Advanced
Engineering Group, reliability and Sriharikota Common Facilities support the centre.
Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC)
LPSC is the lead centre in the development of liquid and cryogenic propulsion for launch vehicles and
satellites. The activities are spread across Thiruvananthapuram, Mahendragiri and Bangalore. LPSC at
Thiruvananthapuram carries out design and system engineering of earth storable and cryogenic engine and
stages for launch vehicles and design and development of bipropellant thrusters and electric propulsion
thrusters for spacecraft, control components and control systems. LPSC, Mahendragiri carries out assembly,
integration and testing of earth storable and cryogenic engines and stages, high altitude testing of upper stage
engine and spacecraft thrusters, as well as testing of subsystems. This centre also has facilities for storage of
earth storable and cryogenic propellant including an Integrated Liquid Hydrogen Plant. LPSC at Bangalore
carries out design, development and testing of propulsion systems for spacecraft, spacecraft propellant plant,
etc. It also carries out transducer design and development.
32
Development and Educational Communication Unit (DECU)

DECU at Ahmedabad is involved in the conception, definition, planning, implementation and socioeconomic evaluation of innovative configuration for space applications. The major activities of DECU at
present include: EDUSAT pilot projects, implementation and utilization; GRAMSAT program including
pilot projects in different States and Training and Development Communication Channel (TDCC), Village
Resource Centers (VRC), tele-medicine, science channel and new satellite communication development and
applications.
Space Applications Center (SAC)
SAC at Ahmedabad is engaged in the development of payloads for communication, meteorological and
remote sensing satellites. SAC also carries out research and development on various space applications
program. The activities are grouped under microwave systems, satellite communication applications, sensor
developments, image and information processing and remote sensing applications. Program planning group,
systems reliability group and library and documentation group support the centre. SAC also operates Delhi
Earth Station (DES) for satellite communication.
ISRO
Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC)
ISTRAC provides mission support to low-earth orbit satellites as well as launch vehicle missions. ISTRAC
has its headquarters and a multi-mission Spacecraft Control Centre at Bangalore.
33
It has a network of ground stations at Bangalore, Lucknow, Sriharikota, Port Blair and Thiruvananthapuram
in India besides stations at Mauritius, Bearslake (Russia), Brunei and Biak (Indonesia). ISTRAC activities
are organized into network operations, network augmentation, mission operation and spacecraft health
monitoring, communications and computers and control centre facilities and development projects. Program
planning and reliability groups support ISTRAC activities. ISTRAC also operates the Local User
Terminal/Mission Control Centre (LUT/MCC) under the international program for satellite-aided search and
rescue. An Indian Deep Space Tracking Network station at Bangalore for Indias mission to moon,
Chandrayaan-1, is being established by ISTRAC.
MCF at Hassan in Karnataka and Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh monitors and controls all the geo-stationary
satellites of ISRO. MCF carries out operations related to initial orbit raising of satellites, in-orbit payload
testing, and on-orbit operations throughout the life of these satellites. The operations involve continuous
tracking, telemetry and commanding, special operations like eclipse management, station-keeping maneuvers
and recovery in case of contingencies. MCF interacts with the user agencies for effective utilization of the
satellite payloads and to minimize the service disturbances during special operations.
National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA)
NRSA at Hyderabad is an
autonomous institution under
DOS.
The
agency
is
responsible for satellite data
acquisition and processing,
data
dissemination,
aerial
remote sensing and decision
support
for
disaster
management. NRSA has set up
data reception station at
Shadnagar near Hyderabad for
acquiring data from Indian
remote sensing satellites as
well as others.
The agency is also engaged in
executing
remote
sensing
application
projects
in
collaboration with the users.
Indian Institute of Remote
Sensing at Dehra Dun, which
conducts training courses in
remote sensing for user agency
personnel at different levels,
functions under NRSA.
34
ISRO Inertial Systems Unit (IISU)

IISU at Thiruvananthapuram carries out research and development in inertial sensors and systems and allied
satellite elements. IISU is organized into research and development in the areas of launch vehicle inertial
systems, spacecraft inertial systems, inertial system production and reliability and quality assurance. It has
facilities for precision fabrication, assembly, clean room and integration and testing.
Laboratory for Electro-Optic Systems (LEOS)
LEOS at Bangalore carries out research and development in the field of electro-optic sensors and cameras
required for satellites and launch vehicles.
Physical Research Laboratory (PRL)
PRL at Ahmedabad is an autonomous institution supported mainly by DOS. It is a premier institute engaged
in basic research in experimental and theoretical physics, astronomy and astrophysics, and earth, planetary
and atmospheric sciences. The activities cover a wide spectrum of competitive research in all these areas.
PRL is also involved in conducting extensive academic programs for Doctoral and Post Doctoral research
and also has an Associateship program for university teachers. It is also entrusted with the management of
the Udaipur Solar Observatory (USO).
National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL)
NARL at Gadanki near Tirupati is an autonomous society supported by DOS. It is a centre for atmospheric
research with facilities like mesosphere-stratosphere-troposphere radar, LIDAR, lower atmospheric wind
profiler, disdrometer, optical rain gauge and automatic weather station along with associated facilities.
NARL is available for national and international scientists to conduct atmospheric research.
Regional Remote Sensing Service Centers (RRSSC)
Five RRSSCs have been established by DOS at Bangalore, Jodhpur, Kharagpur, Dehradun and Nagpur.
RRSSCs support the various remote sensing tasks specific to their regions as well as at the national level.
RRSSCs participate actively in areas like disaster management, software development, agro-climatic
planning, national drinking water mission, national resources census, large scale mapping, etc, besides taking
up projects for various ministries and departments.
North Eastern-Space Applications Centre (NE-SAC)
NE-SAC, located at Shillong, is a joint initiative of DOS and North Eastern Council to provide support to the
North Eastern region in using space science and technology for development. The centre has the mandate to
develop high technology infrastructure support to enable NE states to adopt space technology inputs for their
development. At present, NE-SAC is providing developmental support by undertaking specific projects,
utilizing space technology inputs remote sensing, satellite communication and space science.
35
Antrix Corporation Limited

Antrix Corporation Limited, the commercial arm of Department of Space (DOS) is incorporated in
September 1992 for the promotion and commercial exploration of products and services from the Indian
Space Program.
Heritage:
The Indian Space Program over the past three decades set a fine example for development of state-of-the-art
technologies related to outer space and their applications in a variety of fields like telecommunications, TV
broadcasting, satellite-aided search and rescue, meteorology and remote sensing of natural resources.
The result is an impressive array of achievements, capabilities and offerings. A demonstration of India's
maturity in providing end-to-end capability in
the application of space technology programs for
national and social development.
In this effort, the Indian Space Research
Organization (ISRO) under the Department of
Space (DOS) plays a key role through its
centers. It plans and executes national space
activities which include the development, launch
and operation of space systems and their
applications. India now operates a range of
highly reliable satellites in space which are cost
effective. A long-term approach taken by the
ISRO assures continuity and also benefits of
advancements in technology.
Antrix Corporation Limited is an apex marketing agency that devotes its efforts and energies to sharing this
rich bank of space expertise with the world. Antrix has access to the resources of ISRO, DOS and to the
vibrant Indian Industry that has geared itself to handle high technology projects. Antrix draws upon the
heritage of the Indian Space Program and ISRO's vast experience and proven scientific talent.
Antrix offers a rainbow of versatile and varied resources. From manpower training to software, subsystems
and components for satellites, fabrication of satellites to user requirements, launch services and tracking
facilities. Antrix has total systems capability so level of integration is high.
It has knowledge of its market, fluidity and flexibility to source from suppliers of diverse capabilities and
thereby meets the requirements of the buyer very closely and cost effectively.
So no matter how minute or gigantic be the need, Antrix can provide total systems capability.
36
Antrix draws upon its strength and the heritage from the experience and proven scientific achievements of
the Indian Space Program over the past four decades.
An impressive array of achievements, capabilities and facilities.

A demonstration of India's maturity in providing end to end programs in applications of Space
Technology for national needs.
Access to the resources of Indian Space Research Organization, Department of Space (DOS) and
the vibrant Indian industry that has grown in parallel, to handle technology problems.
Capability:
The level of integration Antrix can provide is high because of the total systems capabilities and by virtue of
its position within the triad of Government, Industry and the academia.
Semi-Conductor Laboratory (SCL)
Semi-Conductor Complex Limited, Chandigarh, a public sector undertaking under Department of
Information Technology (DIT) came under the administrative control of Department of Space in March
2005. DOS has undertaken re-structuring of SCL into a research and development society. The society,
named Semi-Conductor Laboratory was registered in November, 2005. SCL is entrusted with design and
development of Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) devices and development of systems for
telecommunication and space sectors. SCL has facilities for fabrication of micro-electronic devices in 0.8
micron range and Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). Actions to upgrade the facilities to fabricate
advanced devices in 0.35 micron range have been initiated.
Communication and Meteorological System

INSAT System
The Indian National Satellite (INSAT) system is a joint venture of the Department of Space, Department of
Telecommunications, India Meteorological Department, All India Radio and Doordarshan. The overall
coordination and management of INSAT system rests with the Secretary-level INSAT Coordination
Committee. Established in 1983, INSAT is one of the largest domestic communication satellite systems in
the Asia Pacific Region with nine satellites in operation INSAT-2E, INSAT-3A, INSAT-3B, INSAT-3C,
INSAT-3E, KALPANA-1, GSAT-2, EDUSAT and INSAT-4A.
The satellite, INSAT-4A, which was launched from Kourou in French Guyana on December 22, 2005, has
given further boost to INSAT capability, especially, for Direct-To-Home (DTH) television broadcast.
37
SATELLITES IN SERVICE:
INSAT-4A
INSAT-4A was launched on December 22, 2005 from Kourou, French Guyana, by the European Ariane
launch vehicle into a Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) that had a perigee of 622 km and an apogee of
36152 km. The orbital inclination was 4.02 degree. With three critical orbit raising maneuvers conducted
from MCF by firing the 440 Newton Liquid Apogee Motor on board, INSAT-4A was successfully placed in
the geosynchronous orbit. The deployments of the two solar panels and two antennas were completed on
December 26, 2005. After detailed in-orbit testing of the communication transponders, INSAT-4A was
positioned at the allocated orbital slot at 83 degree East longitude along with INSAT-2E and INSAT-3B.
Measuring 15.16 meter with its solar arrays fully deployed in orbit, the 3,080 kg INSAT-4A is the heaviest
satellite built by ISRO so far. The power generated by its two solar arrays is 5,500 Watt, the highest so far in
an Indian satellite. The satellite carried 1,690 kg of propellant of which 1,154 kg was used for the three orbit
raising maneuvers. The remaining propellant of 536 kg is sufficient for maintaining the satellites orbit and
orientation for its designed life of 12 years.
INSAT-4A in its final stages of inspection
The 3-axis stabilization of INSAT-4A in orbit is achieved using sun and earth sensors, momentum wheels,
reaction wheels, magnetic torquers and 16 reaction control thrusters. Three 70 Ah Nickel-Hydrogen Batteries
act as back up to the solar arrays to service the satellite when the satellite is in the eclipse region. For
transmitting and receiving signals, INSAT-4A has two antennas, which were deployed in orbit.
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INSAT-4A carries the following payloads:

12 Ku- band 36 MHz bandwidth Transponders employing 140 W TWTAs to provide an Effective Isotropic
Radiated Power (EIRP) of 52 dBW at the edge of coverage polygon with footprint covering Indian main
land.
12 C-band 36 MHz bandwidth transponders employing 63 W TWTA to provide an EIRP of 39 dBW at the
edge of coverage with expanded radiation patterns encompassing Indian geographical boundary, area beyond
India in southeast and northwest regions.
Earlier, during the year, INSAT-4A integration, thermo-vacuum test, dynamic, acoustic and other tests, had
been completed before the spacecraft was shipped to Kourou in October 2005 for launch base activities.
INSAT-2 Series
INSAT-2E, the last of the five satellites in the series, is now in its ninth year of service.
It carries the following payloads:
Seventeen C-band and lower extended C-band transponders providing zonal and global coverage with an
EIRP of 36 dBW.
A Very High Resolution Radiometer (VHRR) with imaging capacity in Visible (0.55-0.75 micron),
Thermal Infrared (10.5-12.5 microns) and Water Vapor (5.7-7.1 microns) channels and providing 2x2 km,
8x8 km and 8x8 km ground resolution respectively.
A Charge Coupled Device (CCD) camera providing 1x1 km ground resolution in Visible (0.63-0.69
micron), Near Infrared (0.77-0.86 micron) and Shortwave Infrared (1.55-1.70 microns) bands.
Under an agreement with the International Tele-communications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT), eleven
36 MHz equivalent units of C-band capacity on INSAT-2E have been leased to INTELSAT.
INSAT-3 Series
Of the five satellites, INSAT-3A through INSAT-3E, planned under INSAT-3 series, four satellites
INSAT-3A, INSAT-3B, INSAT-3C and INSAT-3E have already been launched and are providing
satisfactory service.
INSAT-3A
The multipurpose satellite, INSAT-3A, was launched by Ariane on April 10, 2003. It is located at 93.5
degree East longitude.
39
The payloads on INSAT-3A are as follows:

12 Normal C-band transponders (9 channels provide expanded coverage from Middle East to South East
Asia with an EIRP of 38 dBW, 3 channels provide India coverage with an EIRP of 36 dBW and 6 Extended
C-band transponders providing India coverage with an EIRP of 36 dBW).
6 Ku-band transponders providing India coverage with EIRP of 48 dBW.
A Very High Resolution Radiometer (VHRR) with imaging capacity in Visible (0.55-0.75 microns),
Thermal Infrared (10.5-12.5 microns) and Water Vapor (5.7-7.1 microns) channels, providing 2x2 km, 8x8
km and 8x8 km ground resolutions respectively.
A CCD camera providing 1x1 km ground resolution, in the Visible (0.63-0.69 micron), Near Infrared (0.77
- 0.86 micron) and Shortwave Infrared (1.55-1.70 micron) bands.
A data relay transponder (DRT) having global receive coverage with a 400 MHz uplink and 4500 MHz
downlink for relay of meteorological, hydrological and oceanographic data from unattended land and oceanbased automatic data collection-cum-transmission platforms.
A Satellite Aided Search and Rescue (SAS&R) payload having global receive coverage with 406 MHz
uplink and 4500 MHz downlink with India coverage, for relay of signals from distress beacons in sea, air or
land.
INSAT-3B
INSAT-3B was launched on March 23, 2000. It is collocated with INSAT-2E at 83 degree East longitude.
INSAT-3B comprises the following payloads covering Indian region:
12 Extended C-band transponders.
3 Ku-band transponders.
A Mobile Satellite Services (MSS) payload with forward link between the hub and mobile station operating
in CXS band and return link between the mobile station and the hub operating in SXC band.
INSAT-3C
INSAT-3C was launched on January 24, 2002. It is positioned at 74 degree East longitude. Following are the
INSAT-3C payloads with India coverage:
24 Normal C-band transponders providing an EIRP of 37 dBW.
6 Extended C-band transponders with EIRP of 37 dBW.
2 S-band transponders to provide BSS services with 42 dBW EIRP.
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A Mobile Satellite Services (MSS) payload similar to that on INSAT-3B.

KALPANA-1
KALPANA-1 is an exclusive meteorological satellite which was launched by PSLV on September 12, 2002.
The satellite has one VHRR and one DRT payloads to provide meteorological services. It is located at 74
degree East longitude.
INSAT-3E
INSAT-3E was launched on September 28, 2003. It is positioned at 55 degree East longitude. The payloads
of INSAT-3E are the following:
24 Normal C-band transponders providing an edge of coverage EIRP of 37 dBW over India.
12 Extended C-band transponders providing an edge of coverage EIRP of 38 dBW over India.
GSAT-2
GSAT-2 was launched on May 8, 2003 by GSLV from SDSC SHAR. It is located at 48 degree East
longitude and carries the following payloads:
4 Normal C-band transponders to provide 36 dBW EIRP with India coverage.
2 Ku-band transponders with 42 dBW EIRP over India.
A Mobile Satellite Services (MSS) payload similar to those on INSAT-3B and INSAT-3C.
EDUSAT
The satellite is specially configured for audio-visual medium, employing digital interactive classroom
lessons and multimedia content. The satellite transponders and their ground coverage are specially
configured to cater to the educational requirements of the country.
EDUSAT carries:
One Ku-band national beam transponder covering the Indian mainland region, with 50 dBW EIRP.
Five Ku-band spot beam transponders - South, West, Central, North and North East with 55 dBW EIRP.
Six Extended C-band transponders with Indian coverage with 37 dBW EIRP.
EDUSAT is parked at 74 degree East longitude where it is collocated with Kalpana-1 and INSAT-3C. The
satellite is now being extensively used for the educational needs of the country.
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HAMSAT
HAMSAT is an application-specific micro-satellite designed to provide satellite based Radio Amateur
Services to Indian as well as international HAM (Amateur Radio Operators) community. The 43.5 kg
HAMSAT was launched on board PSLV-C6 as a co-passenger of CARTOSAT-I, on May 5, 2005 and it
carries Linear Mode B (UHF/VHF) transponders one Indian transponder and the other designed by a
Dutch Amateur Radio Operator from Higher Technical Institute, Venlo, The Netherlands.
HAMSAT is functioning well and more than thousand users from 50 countries have reported on its excellent
performance. More users have been reported from Europe, North and South America and high seas,
HAMSAT in its final stages of assembly and test
The profile of users covers a wide spectrum of engineers, doctors, technicians and scientists to academicians,
members of armed force and militia and serious amateurs.
INSAT-4C
INSAT-4C is an exclusive Ku-band satellite with 12 high power Ku-band transponders providing India
coverage. INSAT-4C launched in 2006, but unsuccessful.
During the year, INSAT-4C bus and payload configuration was finalized and comprehensive design review
completed for bus and payload systems. Layout of equipment panels has been finalized. Mechanical
packages are under integration. Payload Integration has been taken up.
Spacecraft structure has been fabricated and all flight propulsion hardware realized. Hardware-in-loop
simulation was carried out. Solar panel substrates have been realized and solar cell bonding is in progress.
Test and evaluation of power packages is in progress.
INSAT-4B
INSAT 4B, which is identical to INSAT-4A, carries 12 Ku-band transponders with an EIRP of greater than
52 dBW and 12 C-band transponders with an EIRP of greater than 39 dBW. The satellite has two, shaped
offset fed dual gridded transmit/receive deployable antennas 2.0 m diameter for C-band on the east side
and 2.2 m diameter for Ku-band on the west side.
The Ku-band payload employs 140 W TWTAs and C-band payload employs 63 W TWTAs.
INSAT-4B launched during 2006-07 and was co-located with INSAT-3A at 93.5 degree East longitude.
During the year, comprehensive design review at subsystem and spacecraft levels has been completed. The
use of new material for solar panel substrates has been reviewed and finalized. The structure has undergone
static load test. The spacecraft hardware is in advanced stages of realization and test and evaluation.
Integration and testing of payload and bus systems is in progress.
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GSAT-4
Ka-band multiple beam antenna for GSAT-4
GSAT-4 is envisaged as a technology demonstrator. The communication payload consists of multi-beam Kaband bent pipe and regenerative transponder and navigation payload in C-band, L1 and L5 bands. GSAT-4
will also carry TAUVEX-II, a scientific payload comprising three Ultra-Violet band telescopes developed by
Tel Aviv University and Israel space agency, ELOP, for surveying a large part of the sky in the 1400-3200
wavelengths.
GSAT-4 employs several new technologies like bus management unit, miniaturized dynamically tuned
gyros, lithium-ion battery, 70 Volt bus for Ka-band TWTAs and electric propulsion. GSAT-4 also
incorporates technological experiments like on-board structural dynamic experiment, thermal control coating
experiment and vibration beam accelerometer. With a lift-off mass of about 2180 kg, the spacecraft generates
276 W of power in summer solstice.
GSAT-4 planned for launch by GSLV during 2007.
During the year, structural interfaces for TAUVEX were finalized and bonding of central cylinder
completed. Thermal design and motorized deployment and pointing mechanism for Ka-band reflector
finalized and design of TAUVEX steering mechanism completed.
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INSAT-3D
INSAT 3D is an advanced meteorological satellite carrying Imager and Sounder instruments. The spacecraft
has many new technology elements like the star sensor which is being flown for the first time in
geosynchronous orbit, micro stepping Solar Array Drive (SADA) to reduce the spacecraft disturbances and
the bus management unit for control of spacecraft. It is planned for launch in 2007-08.
During the year, the Electrical Thermal Model (ETM) of the meteorological payloads, as well as the
mainframe elements like structure, power, communication, sensors, inertial subsystems and propulsion
subsystems have reached advanced stages of realization.
GSAT-5/INSAT-4D
It is a C-band and Ext C-band satellite, carrying 18 transponders. Of these, 12 transponders will operate in
the Normal C-band with wider coverage in uplink and downlink to cover Asia, Africa and Eastern
Europe/Zonal coverage. 6 transponders will operate in Ext C-band and have India coverage. The option of
incorporating L-band is under consideration. The satellite is slated for launch on board GSLV during third
quarter of 2007-08.
During the year, PCBs and components have been released for assembly and functional testing is in progress.
GSAT-6/INSAT-4E
GSAT-6/INSAT-4E will carry digital multimedia broadcasting payload. The satellite will cover the whole of
India through five S-band spot beams using SXC and CXS transponders. The C-band coverage for the feeder
link will have India coverage. The satellite is planned to be launched during the second quarter of 2008-09
by GSLV.
GSAT-7/INSAT-4F
GSAT-7/INSAT-4F is proposed as a multi-band satellite carrying payloads in UHF, S-band, C-band and Kuband. It is planned to be launched during 2009-10 by GSLV.
GSAT-8/INSAT-4G
GSAT-8/INSAT-4G is proposed as a Ku-band satellite carrying 18 transponders similar to that of INSAT-4A
and INSAT-4B. It will also carry 2 BSS transponders and a GAGAN payload. The satellite is expected to be
launched during 2008-09.
ANUSAT
ANUSAT, a 35 kg micro-satellite, is being designed by Anna University, Chennai. The main objective is to
involve universities in building micro satellites as a means to promote and encourage intra-disciplinary
technologies with the help of ISRO.
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ANUSAT carries a digital store and forward payload for amateur communication. In addition, a number of
technological payloads like digital receiver and turbo coder, MEMS-based gyro and magnetic field sensor
are planned to be flown on board. Structure, solar panels, chemical battery, sensors and actuators will be
supplied by ISRO. The payloads and the other satellite subsystems are designed and fabricated at Anna
University.
The configuration of this satellite has been finalized and preliminary design review completed. Breadboard
design of core electronic systems has also been completed. The flight model is expected to be realized during
2007-08.
During the year, MCF successfully carried out the launch and initial orbit phase operations of INSAT-4A.
The Satellite Control Centre at MCF is interfaced with all the Satellite Control Earth Stations thus providing
flexibility in operations. The new network switches added to the MCF mission computer network recently is
being extensively used for archival of telemetry data from all the satellites.
MCFBhopal
MCF- Bhopal is configured with one 11 meter diameter full motion antenna and three 7.2 meter diameter
limited motion antennas, a satellite control centre and a power complex. Civil construction of the technical
facilities has been completed. Installation of equipment has been completed and MCF-Bhopal was
commissioned on April 11, 2005.
Earth Observation System

The Indian Earth Observation (EO) System which was commissioned in 1988 with the launch of Indian
Remote Sensing satellite (IRS-1A) has received further fillip during the year with the successful launch of
CARTOSAT-2 by PSLV-C7 on January 10, 2007. The definition, development, operation and application of
EO are overseen by the National Natural Resources Management System (NNRMS) with DOS as the nodal
agency.
IRS System
The Indian Remote Sensing Satellite system is the largest constellation of remote sensing satellite in
operation today in the world. With the launch of CARTOSAT-2, the constellation now has six satellites in
operation IRS-1D, OCEANSAT-1, Technology Experiment Satellite (TES), RESOURCESAT-1,
CARTOSAT-1 and the latest CARTOSAT-2. All these are placed in polar sun-synchronous orbit and
provide data in a variety of spatial, spectral and temporal resolutions to enable several applications to be
undertaken which are relevant to national development.
45
IRS-1D
Launched in September 1997, IRS-1D carries three cameras, Panchromatic Camera (PAN), Linear Imaging
Self Scanner (LISS-III) and Wide Field Sensor (WiFS). PAN has a spatial resolution of 5.8 meter and
provides a swath of 70 km. LISS-III has a spatial resolution of 23.5 meter in VNIR and 70.5 meter in SWIR
bands providing swaths of 142 km and 148 km respectively. WiFS has a spatial resolution of 188 m and a
large swath of 810 km.
SATELLITES IN OPERATION
CARTOSAT-1
CARTOSAT-1 was launched into a 617 km polar sunsynchronous orbit in May, 2005 by PSLV-C6. The satellite
carries two panchromatic cameras PAN (fore) and PAN
(aft) with 2.5 meter resolution providing a swath of 30
km. The cameras are mounted with a tilt of +26 deg and -5
deg along the track with respect to nadir so as to provide
stereo pairs of images that can be used to generate Digital
Terrain Model (DTM)/Digital Elevation Models (DEM).
Three dimensional view of Jaipur, Rajasthan generated
from CARTOSAT-1 data
The data from CARTOSAT-1 are used for cartography, cadastral

mapping updation, land use and GIS applications.
The satellite has solid state recorder for data storage. The imaging
operations were started in May, 2005.
CARTOSAT-2 (right)
Launched by PSLV-C7 on January 10, 2007, CARTOSAT-2 is an
advanced remote sensing satellite carrying a panchromatic camera
capable of providing scene specific spot imageries for cartographic and
other applications. The satellite has high agility with capability of steering
along and across the track up to + 45 deg. It was placed in a sun
synchronous polar orbit of a nominal altitude of 635 km. The
panchromatic camera is designed to provide imageries with one meter
spatial resolution and a swath of 10 km. The satellite is configured to
provide multi-scene imaging capability during a pass.
Some of the new technologies developed for CARTOSAT-2 mission
include: two mirrors on axis single camera using Carbon Fiber Reinforced
46
Plastic (CFRP) based electro-optic structure with 12,000 Charged Coupled Devise (CCD), large size light
weight zerodur mirrors, indigenous JPEG like data compression with rate regulation, advanced solid state
recorder, bus management unit housing telemetry, tracking and command, attitude and orbit control system,
sensor processing, thermal management, power monitoring, high torque reaction wheels, high performance
DTG based IRU and high performance star sensors.
The cameras on board CARTOSAT-2 were switched on January 12, 2007.
RESOURCESAT-1
Resourcesat-1 was launched on board PSLV-C5 in October 2003. It is placed in 820 km high polar Sun
Synchronous Orbit. Resourcesat-1 carries three cameras, they are:
A high resolution Linear Imaging Self Scanner (LISS-4) operating in three spectral bands in the Visible and
Near Infrared Region (VNIR) with 5.8 meter spatial resolution and steerable up to + 26 deg across track to
obtain stereoscopic images and achieve five day revisit capability.
A medium resolution LISS-3 operating in three spectral bands in VNIR and one in Short Wave Infrared
(SWIR) band with 23.5 meter spatial resolution with 142 km swath.
An Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS) operating in three spectral bands in VNIR and one band in
SWIR with 56 meter spatial resolution and a combined swath of 730 km achieved through two AWiFS
cameras.
Resourcesat-1 also carries a Solid State Recorder to store the images taken by its cameras, which can be
received later by the ground stations.
OCEANSAT-1
OCEANSAT-1, intended to study physical and biological aspects of oceanography, was launched on board
PSLV-C2 in May 1999. It carries an Ocean Color Monitor (OCM) and a Multi-frequency Scanning
Microwave Radiometer (MSMR). OCM operates in 402-422, 433-453, 480-500, 500-520, 545-565, 660-689,
745-785 and 845-885 nm bands with 360 meter spatial resolution and 1420 km swath. At present,
OCEANSAT-1 is used to collect data from its OCM.
Technology Experiment Satellite (TES)
TES was launched on board PSLV-C3 in October 2001. The satellite is intended to demonstrate and validate
technologies that could be used in the future cartographic satellite missions. Some of the technologies
demonstrated in TES are attitude and orbit control system, high torque reaction wheels, new reaction control
system with optimized thrusters and a single propellant tank, light weight spacecraft structure, solid state
recorder, X-band phased array antenna, improved satellite positioning system, miniaturized TTC and power
system and two-mirror-on-axis camera optics. TES also carries a panchromatic camera with a spatial
resolution of 1 m.
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FORTHCOMING SATELLITES
OCEANSAT-2:
OCEANSAT-2 is envisaged to continue the service of OCEANSAT-1. It will carry an Ocean Color Monitor
(OCM) and a Ku-band pencil beam scatterometer.
In addition, it will carry radio occultation sounder for atmospheric studies (rosa), developed by the Italian
Space Agency (ASI). OCEANSAT-2 will be used for identification of potential fishing zones, sea state
forecasting, coastal zone studies and provide inputs for weather forecasting and climatic studies.
OCEANSAT-2 is scheduled for launch by PSLV in 2007-08 into a near polar sun-synchronous orbit of 720
km. This orbit combined with the wide swath of both payloads, will provide an observational repetitivity of
two days.
OCM is an 8-band multi-spectral camera operating in the visible near infrared spectral range. This camera
provides an instantaneous geometric field of view of 360 meter covering a swath of 1420 km. There is
provision to tilt OCM by + 20 deg. in the along-track direction.
Ku-band pencil beam scatterometer is an active microwave radar and operates at 13.515 GHz providing a
ground resolution Cell of size 50 kms x 50 kms. It consists of a parabolic dish antenna of 1 Meter diameter
which is offset mounted with respect to the yaw axis (earth viewing axis). This antenna is continuously
rotated using a scan mechanism with the scan axis along the positive Yaw axis. The back scattered power in
each beam from the ocean surface is measured from which the wind vector is derived.
During the year, mainframe structure has been realized. Preliminary design review of all mainframe systems
completed. OCM camera test and evaluation have been completed. Scatterometer qualification model
hardware have been realized. ROSA interfaces with spacecraft systems have been finalized. Qualification
model of scatterometer scan mechanism and the interface test with electronics have been completed.
RISAT
Radar Imaging Satellite (RISAT) is a microwave remote sensing mission with Synthetic Aperture Radar
(SAR) operating in C-band and having a 6 x 2 meter planar active array antenna based on trans-receiver
module architecture. SAR is an all weather-imaging sensor capable of taking images in cloudy and snow
covered regions and also both during day and night. RISAT weighs 1,750 kg.
During the year, preliminary design review for the ground segment has been completed and flight model
activities taken up. The satellite is planned to be launched on board PSLV during 2008-09. Some of the new
technological elements in RISAT are: 160 x 4 Mbps data handling system, 0.3 Nm (50 Nms) reaction
wheels, antenna deployment mechanism, 70 V power bus, thermal control of SAR antenna and phased array
antenna (with Dual Polarization).
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RESOURCESAT-2
RESOURCESAT-2 will have imaging sensors similar to RESOURCESAT-1. Payload electronics have been
miniaturized to reduce the overall weight. RESOURCESAT-2 is planned for launch by PSLV in 2009-10.
During the year, the engineering model structure has been realized. Subsystem packages fabrication has
commenced and payload configuration has been finalized.
Third World Satellite (TWSAT)
TWSAT is the first satellite in the micro satellite series envisaged to provide 100 kg class satellite platform
for carrying payloads for earth imaging, space science, atmospheric and ocean studies. TWSAT will carry a
multi-spectral camera providing images with about 36 m spatial resolution and swath of 151 km. The data
generated will be transmitted to user terminals. The user terminals will be PC based systems along with RF
downlink and antenna systems. The software will be capable of providing data products to standard product
level with radiometric and geometric corrections.
The data will be provided free to research organizations, universities and institutions in the developing
countries. TWSAT is planned for launch in 2007-08.
During the year, spacecraft configuration studies with respect to electrical elements have been carried out.
Mechanical configuration of spacecraft has been worked out and preliminary thermal design completed.
Ground Segment
ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) provides Telemetry, Tracking and Command
(TTC) and mission control support to launch vehicle missions and near earth orbiting satellites. An
integrated network of ground stations at Bangalore, Lucknow, Sriharikota, Port Blair, Thiruvananthapuram,
Mauritius, Brunei, Biak (Indonesia), Bearslake (Russia) and Svalbard and Tromso (Norway) with the Multimission Spacecraft Control Center (SCC) at Bangalore has been established.
During the year, in-orbit operations on CARTOSAT-1, RESOURCESAT-1, TES, OCEANSAT-1, IRS-1D,
IRS-P3 and CARTOSAT-1 have been carried out. IRS-1C satellite has successfully completed eleven years
on-orbit life.
TTC stations at SHAR, Thiruvananthapuram, Mauritius, Bangalore, Lucknow, Bearslake, Biak, Svalbard,
Tromso and Saskatoon, ISTRAC Communications, ISTRAC Computers and Preliminary Orbit
Determination Systems were fully made ready during the year and successfully provided support for the
PSLV-C7/CARTOSAT-2/SRE-1 missions in January 2007. ISTRAC successfully supported the in-orbit
operation and recovery operations of SRE-1. Coordination with external agencies including DRDL, HAL,
Coast Guard and Navy were also in place for SRE re-entry phase support using Ship Borne Terminal and Air
Borne Terminal.
49
ISTRAC also supported External Agency Missions Shin Satellite Company (SHINSAT) of Thailand for
IPSTAR Spacecraft operations, Galelio (GSTB-V2A) mission, SPAINSAT mission, EUTELSAT HB7A
mission and Advanced Composite Explorer (ACE).
Modernization of satellite support TTC stations including Bangalore, Lucknow, Bearslake and the satellite
supporting part of Mauritius and Biak stations has been completed. An 11 m diameter antenna has been
installed at Lucknow TTC station. A C/S TTC station
with 11 m antenna is installed and commissioned at
Biak, Indonesia. New servo systems have already been
installed with one terminal each at Lucknow, Biak,
SHAR and Bangalore. Indigenously developed
Monitoring and Control System has been successfully
implemented in TTC stations.
Satellite Data Acquisition and Processing
11 m diameter antenna established for CARTOSAT-2

at Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.) ground station
The National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA) at Hyderabad is the nodal agency for reception, archival,
processing and dissemination of remote sensing data in the country. NRSA acquires and processes data from
all Indian remote sensing satellites like CARTOSAT-1, CARTOSAT-2, RESOURCESAT-1, IRS-1C, IRS1D, IRS-P3, OCEANSAT-1 and TES as well as foreign satellites like Terra, NOAA and ERS. As per the
Remote Sensing Data Policy, NRSA is the national acquisition/distribution agency for all satellite data
within India.
During the year, the ground segment has been upgraded for reception, processing and product generation
from advanced missions like CARTOSAT-2, RISAT-1 and OCEANSAT-2. A new 7.5 m diameter antenna
has been installed for CARTOSAT-2. New Ground Control Points (GCP) have been added to GCP library to
meet the CARTOSAT-2 requirements. System upgradation has been carried out for reception of RISAT-1
data in dual polarization and high bit rate mode.
A 4.8 m antenna and satellite reception terminal has been installed at NRSA, Balanagar and earth station
Shadnagar, to support Decision Support Centre (DSC). ISROs Spacenet bandwidth has been enhanced for
improved connectivity. INSAT meteorological data is now downloaded daily in near real-time through
Spacenet network from MCF, Hassan for use in remote sensing applications.
50
Data archival efficiency has exceeded 98 percent during the year. A PC-based ERS data archival system has
been developed. The data on browse archival system is available on Internet. An integrated multi-mission
ground segment for earth observation satellites is being planned to process the chain of activities from data
acquisition to product delivery and improve the turn-around-time.
During the year, about 10,500 data products were disseminated to Indian as well as foreign users. The data is
available on high-density digital media. Ocean color data is available through ISDN to major users. Data is
also disseminated under International Charter and USDA. CARTOSAT-1 mono and stereo data products are
available operationally.
Support is being provided to 20 International Ground Stations (IGS) for IRS data reception. IGS are being
upgraded to support RESOURCESAT-1 and CARTOSAT-1 operations.
Aerial Remote Sensing
The aerial remote sensing facility of NRSA offers value-added services like aerial photography and digital
mapping, infrastructure planning, scanner surveys, aeromagnetic surveys, large scale base map, topographic
and cadastral mapping, etc. Two aircraft with modern navigational aids, aerial cameras and sensors are
available to carry out these activities.
Space Applications
OS continued to expand its space applications program using the two main space systems, INSAT and the
Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites, to reach the benefits to the society. The highlights of the applications
program are given in the following paragraphs.
Village Resource Centers (VRCs)
Computer aided learning program
at MS Swaminathan Research
Foundation (MSSRF) VRC
network
Over the last three decades, satellite

based communication and remote
sensing
technologies
have
demonstrated their capabilities to
provide services related education, healthcare, weather, land and water resources management, mitigation of
impact of natural disasters, etc. To reach these space-based services directly to the rural population,
establishment of Village Resource Centers (VRC) was launched in 2004 in association with NGOs/Trusts
and governmental agencies.
51
VRCs provide a variety of space based products and services such as tele-education; telemedicine;
information on natural resources; interactive advisories on agriculture, fisheries, land and water resources
management; livestock management; interactive vocational training towards livelihood support; etc. DOS
primarily provides satellite connectivity and bandwidth; telemedicine and tele-education facilities; and
customized spatial information on natural resources, along with indigenously developed query tools. The
associating agencies provide the facilities for housing, managing and operating VRCs and generating the rest
of the contents.
So far 200 VRCs have been set up in Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan,
Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand and Bihar. Another 100 VRCs are being
set up in other states. Around 40 NGOs/Trusts, Institutes, Government Agencies are associated in the VRC
program. VRCs, so far, have provided various services/advisories to the local people in the areas of
agriculture, adult and computer literacy; alternate livelihood related vocational training, marketing of agroproducts, micro-finance/enterprises, livestock management, healthcare, etc.
Disaster Management Support (DMS)
Disaster Management Support (DMS) addresses:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
Creation of digital database for facilitating hazard zonation, damage assessment, etc.
Monitoring of major natural disasters using satellite and aerial data and development of appropriate
techniques/tools
Acquisition of close contour data for hazard prone areas using Air-borne Laser Terrain Mapper
Strengthening the communication backbone for timely dissemination of information and emergency
support
Development of Air-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) towards all-weather monitoring
capability
Establishment of a Decision Support Centre (DSC) at NRSA as a single-window service provider and
Support the International Charter on Space and Major Disasters, as a signatory.
DSC, at NRSA, as the single-window for all aerospace-based services for supporting disaster management,
has been operational. During the year, monitoring and impact assessment was carried out for (a) 17 flood
events in 10 States; and (b) assessment and monitoring of agricultural drought was carried out in 14 States.
The Pareechu Lake in the Tibet region (across the Indian border, formed during end-July 2004 due to
blockade by landslide) continues to be monitored regularly. The recent IRS image taken in June 2006 has
shown that the flow of water is continuous and safe.
Towards providing emergency communication for disaster management activities, a satellite based Virtual
Private Network is being set up linking the National Control Room at Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) with
DSC at NRSA, important national agencies, key government offices in Delhi and State Control Rooms.
Already, 19 video conferencing-cum-information transfer nodes have been established along with an
exclusive hub at MHA, New Delhi.
52
C/X band Air-borne SAR system which is under advanced stages of development, along with real-time
processor will be used to conduct aerial surveys for disaster affected areas (including ALTM, Digital Camera
and ASAR), as well as, dissemination of the products to users in an expeditious manner.
A National Database for Emergency Management (NDEM) is being established. Towards the National
Tsunami Warning System, being set up by Department of Ocean Development (DOD), DOS is involved in:
(a) networking of tide gauges; (b) development of pressure sensor for the DART; and (c) generation of
spatial database for vulnerable coastal areas for inundation and storm surge modeling. Also, DOS is
assisting: (a) National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) towards their evolving the National
Disaster Management Policy; and (b) 2nd Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC) towards their
working on the policy guidelines for Crises Management.
INSAT Applications
EDUSAT Program
EDUSAT, launched by Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV-F01) in September 2004, is
Indias first thematic satellite dedicated exclusively for educational services. The satellite is specially
configured to relay through audio-visual medium, employing multi-media multi-centric system, to create
interactive classrooms. EDUSAT has multiple regional beams covering different parts of India five Kuband transponders with spot beams covering northern, north-eastern, eastern, southern and western regions
of the country, a Ku-band transponder with its footprint covering the Indian mainland region and six C-band
transponders with their footprints covering the entire country. EDUSAT is being implemented in three
phases, pilot, semi-operational and operational phases. While pilot phase has continued, semi-operational
phase has been put into implementation during the year.
EDUSAT is already providing a wide range of educational delivery modes like one-way TV broadcast,
interactive TV, video conferencing, computer conferencing, web-based instructions, etc. Regular utilization
of EDUSAT for Visveswaraya Technological University and Rajeev Gandhi Technical University and Y B
Chawan Open University pilot networks is continuing.
During the year Rajasthan EDUSAT network and Jammu hub were inaugurated. Installation and
commissioning of 135 terminals of Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), 84 nodes of CIET
and 68 terminals of CEC and 101 terminals of All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) and 22
terminals of Vigyan Prasar (DST), and 83 of IDSP in National Beam have also been completed. 982 Receive
only Terminals (ROTs) are installed and Commissioned at various schools of Sidhi district of Madhya
Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Uttaranchal and Jharkhand. The regular transmission
of four hours teaching is conducted. Regional networks for J&K (2), Rajasthan, Haryana, Kerala (2), Tamil
Nadu (2), Karnataka (2), and Gujarat have become operational.
So far, nine networks in the national beam and 22 using regional beams have been implemented. In all there
are 10,168 terminals in EDUSAT network including 514 SITs and 954 ROTs in national beam, 1290 SITs
and 7410 ROTs in regional beams have been Installed and commissioned so far (88 SITs and 900 ROTs in
Kerala, 483 SITs in Tamil Nadu, 174 SITs in Punjab, eight SITs in Jharkand, 70 SITs in Jammu and
Kashmir, 72 SITs & 168 ROTs in Rajasthan, 46 SITs in Tripura, 20 SITs in Nagaland, 349 SITs in Haryana,
53
13 SITs in Lakshadweep, 18 SITs and 340 ROTs in West Bengal, 2100 ROTs in Andhra Pradesh (under
INSAT-3B), 27 SITs and 1710 ROTs in Gujarat and 2110 ROTs in Karnataka).
GRAMSAT Program (GP)

The Gramsat Program was initiated to establish SATCOM networks to provide state based connectivity for
the rural specific needs. Regular Gramsat/TDCC activities continued during the year and networks have
upgraded/converged to cater multiple services like Tele education, Tele medicine and VRCs etc.
Andaman and Nicobar network was upgraded to counter the degradation due to tertiary coverage of the
space segment in the region. The network continued to be used for e-governance and computer education in
the region. Besides being used for computer education, ship ticket booking software has been added by A&N
administration of existing network.
The establishment of Rajasthan network, funded by Government of Rajasthan, has been established at Jaipur.
Teaching end installation is in progress. In West Bengal, setting up full-fledged network for Panchayat
training is being set up. In Orissa, the TDCC network continued to be operational. The e-governance
component up to block level continued to support Panchayat e-governance services like Panchayat financial
transaction, land record, e-mail etc.
Conversion of network to Ku-band is in progress. With the convergence of technology and networks, it is
planned to merge GRAMSAT and TDCC networks with EDUSAT and enable integrated services in the
respective application areas.
Training and Development Communication Channel (TDCC)
TDCC activities are now being continued as GRAMSAT Program (GP) for the states. The state governments
of Gujarat, MP, Karnataka and Orissa, and Anna University, Goa University, etc. are regular/major users.
The network was used by different agencies for training about 660,000 participants. The present average
TDCC utilization is about 25-30 days a month with 100-110 Interactive Training Programs (ITPs) with more
than six uplinks on air simultaneously. ITPs are conducted mainly in fields of education, Panchayat Raj,
engineering, health, water, women and child, medical, transport, industry, forestry and fisheries. The
utilization of the channel over the last three years has indicated a significant growth in terms of ITPs
conducted per month, duration of usage, and number of users, etc.
Science Channel
Science Channel is a joint venture of ISRO and Vigyan Prasar under Department of Science and Technology
(DST). Till August 2006, sixty episodes have been transmitted. It is proposed to follow this transmission
with a 26 part Quiz program from September 3, 2006.
The programs are being transmitted on DD-1 as a 30 min capsule on every Sunday. Programs are aimed at
children in the age group 12 to 18. It is planned to add two more weekly programs, a 26 part health program
54
Jeete Raho (Keep Living) for general viewers and a science news magazine Science Watch to be telecast
on DD-2.
Telemedicine
A telemedicine consultation in progress - right
Telemedicine is an important initiative of DOS to use
space technology for societal benefits. While DOS
provides the telemedicine systems - software,
hardware and communication equipments as well as
satellite bandwidth the state governments and the
specialty hospitals have to allocate funds for their part
of infrastructure, manpower and maintenance.
Technology development, standards and cost effective
systems have been evolved in association with various
state governments, NGOs, specialty hospitals and
industry. DOS interacts with state government and
specialty hospitals for bringing an understanding
between the parties through an MOU.
At present, there are 186 hospitals in the telemedicine network including 152 in remote and rural areas and
34 super specialty hospitals in major cities as follows:
Andhra Pradesh (3), A & N Islands(4), Bihar (1), West Bengal (6), Chhattisgarh (16), Gujarat (1), Himachal
Pradesh (1), Haryana (2), Jharkhand (1), Jammu & Kashmir (12), Karnataka (25), Kerala (26), Lakshadweep
Islands (5), Madhya Pradesh (1), Maharashtra (4), NE States (21), New Delhi (4), Orissa (3), Punjab (4),
Pondicherry (5) Rajasthan (13), Jaipur (2), Ajmer (2), Tamilnadu (13), Uttar Pradesh (3) and Others (12).
DOS also supports Telemedicine national grid activities through Task Force formed by Directorate of Health
Services. The second draft of the grid document has been prepared.
Television
INSAT has been a major catalyst for the expansion of television coverage in India. Satellite television now
covers over 65 percent of the Indian landmass and over 90 percent of the population. At present 40
Doordarshan TV channels including news uplinks are operating through C-band transponders of INSAT-3A,
INSAT-3C and INSAT-2E (INTELSAT leased). Most of the TV channels are digitized.
The following satellite television services are being operated by Doordarshan:
National networking service (DD-1), DD News (DD-2), DD-Sports, DD-Urdu, DD-India DD-Bharti and
Digital Satellite News Gathering (DSNG) service.
55
Regional services in Kerala, Karnataka, Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh,
Gujarat, UP, Assam, Maharashtra, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Tripura, Orissa, Bihar, Madhya
Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Haryana, Mizoram, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh.
At present, 1,397 transmitters of Doordarshan are working in INSAT system out of which 1,133 transmitters
(120 High Power Transmitters (HPT), 742 Low Power Transmitters (LPT), 253 Very Low Power
Transmitters (VLPT) and 18 transposers) are working in the DD-1 network and 152 TV Transmitters (69
HPTs, 78 LPTs and five VLPTs) are working in the DD-News network. 108 Regional service transmitters
(six HPTs, nine LPTS and 93 VLPTs), four HPTs for digital transmissions are also operational in the
Doordarshan Network. 47 Private TV channels are operational through four private TV teleports. 10 DTH
channels are planned in C-Band for Andaman and Nicobar.
Satellite News Gathering and Dissemination
Satellite News Gathering using INSAT system enables on the spot real-time news coverage. Prasar Bharti
has twelve Digital Outdoor-Broadcast DSNG terminals operating through INSAT network in C-band to
cover important events in different locations for transmission to a central station at Delhi or to state capitals
for rebroadcast over DD channels. Four Ku-band DSNG terminals have been added by DD in INSAT
network. Twelve DSNG terminals in Ku-band are in the process of induction and one more is planned.
Similarly, seven more DSNGs in C-Band are likely to be introduced in the network.
Four transportable uplink terminals are being utilized by AIR for coverage of events taking place at remote
locations and for relay of programs directly via INSAT. In addition to this, four DSNG terminals are in the
process of induction at different AIR stations. These terminals are capable of uplinking CD quality music
channel from any remote locations to a central place such as Delhi. In addition, 89 terminals are operational
for private DSNG channels.
Radio Networking
Radio Networking (RN) through INSAT provides a reliable high-fidelity program channels for national as
well as regional networking. At present, 235 All India Radio (AIR) stations have been equipped with S-band
receive terminals out of which around 207 AIR stations have been upgraded to receive C-band Analogue and
Digital RN carriers and rest of the stations are under process of upgradation to receive analogue and digital
C-band RN carriers by March 2008.
A total of 84 RN channels are being uplinked at present. Out of these, 41 are operating in CxS and 43 in CxC
bands. For this AIR is utilizing two S-band transponders and one C-band transponder of INSAT-3C. A total
of 90 carriers in CxC band are being envisaged for uplinking by utilizing the entire transponder of INSAT3C.
In AIR network, a total of 28 earth stations are present with facility to uplink in both CxS and CxC band
frequency. The Central earth station at Broadcast House, Delhi, has been augmented to up-link 24 RN
carriers in CxS and CxC band. New earth stations are being envisaged at AIR Varanasi, Rohtak, Aurangabad
and Leh.
56
Recently AIR has launched 20 radio channels on DTH terminals in Ku-band at Todapur, New Delhi. Efforts
are underway to augment this to 30 channels.
Telecommunications
A total of 590 telecommunication terminals of various sizes and capabilities (excluding NICNET, RABMN
and private VSAT micro terminals) are operating in INSAT telecommunications network providing 10,070
two-way speech circuits or equivalent to over 492 routes. These include 89 BSNL, 125 for government users
and 22 Closed User Group (CUG)/VSAT operators earth stations and 354 BSNL VSATs (239 MultiChannel Per Carrier (MCPC) VSATs, 57 High speed VSAT Network (HVNET) terminals and 62 VSATs
operating under the Remote Area Business Management Network. A total of 55,385 CUG VSATs- both in
private and government sectors - are operating through INSAT.
The Bangalore-Delhi digital network with two 34 Mbps streams has been commissioned. Augmentation of
existing eight Mbps connectivity amongst four metros is planned by using digital channel multiplying
equipment.
Captive satellite-based networks for National Thermal Power Corporation, Gas Authority of India Ltd,
Nuclear Power Corporation, Indian Telephone Industries, Oil and Natural Gas Commission, National
Fertilizers Limited and Coal India Limited are operational. A Coal India Limited earth station at Poonch has
been commissioned. The National Stock Exchange VSAT network in extended C-band is operational. A
number of captive government networks are also working with INSAT. More organizations are in the
process of implementing their own captive networks using INSAT. Department of Telecommunications has
licensed a few private operators to provide value-added services to the public using the extended C-band.
Mobile Satellite Services
An S-band Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) was added to INSAT system with the launch of INSAT-3C in
2002 and GSAT-2 in 2003. The following two classes of services were identified for MSS:
A small portable satellite terminal that works with INSAT for voice/data communication has been
developed with the participation of Indian industries. The terminal is useful for voice communication
especially during disasters when other communication means break down. It can be used from any location
in India for emergency communication. Transmit and receive frequencies of the terminal are in S-Band.
The portable terminal is connected to EPABX at central hub station through satellite channel and hence
could be considered as an extension of EPABX and call could be made between any satellite terminals and
local phones on EPABX. Central hub station is located at SAC, Ahmedabad.
INSAT Reporting system: This consist of low bit rate one-way reporting service using shared channels with
portable and hand-held terminals. This unique one-way messaging from a remote location to userheadquarters operates with the Delhi Earth Station (DES) of DOS as the hub. This is an experimental service.
Short messages from user terminals are relayed through the satellite to the hub and are automatically
forwarded to the respective user headquarters via Fax or data links. This reporting service is provided using
57
small hand-held terminals. There is a provision to attach a GPS receiver to the reporting terminal for position
information.
Meteorology
The meteorological data of INSAT system is processed and disseminated by INSAT Meteorological Data
Processing System (IMDPS) of India Meteorological Department (IMD). Upper winds, sea surface
temperature and precipitation index data are regularly obtained. The products derived from the image data
include: cloud motion vectors, sea surface temperature, outgoing long-wave radiation and quantitative
precipitation index. The products are used for weather forecasting, both synoptic and numerical weather
prediction.
INSAT-VHRR imageries are used by Doordarshan during news coverage and by newspapers as part of
weather reporting. At present, repetitive and synoptic weather system observations over Indian Ocean from
geostationary orbit are available only from INSAT system. INSAT VHRR data is available in near real-time
at 90 Meteorological Data Dissemination Centers (MDDC) in various parts of the country. With the
commissioning of direct satellite service for processed VHRR data, MDDC type of data can be provided at
any location in the country.
IMD has installed 100 meteorological Data Collection Platforms (DCPs) and other agencies have installed
about 200 DCPs all over the country. One DCP is also installed at Schiramacher, the Indian base station in
Antarctica.
DCP services are provided using the Data Relay Transponders of Kalpana-1 and INSAT-3A. A rainfall
monitoring system which operates at 300 bits/second has been developed. ISRO has taken up indigenous
development of low cost automatic weather station for deployment in the country in large numbers. The data
collection is proposed to be carried out in TDMA mode instead of the present random access mode.
For quick dissemination of warnings against impending disaster from approaching cyclones, specially
designed receivers have been installed at the vulnerable coastal areas in Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu,
Orissa, West Bengal and Gujarat for direct transmission of warnings to the officials and public in general
using broadcast capability of INSAT. India Meteorological Departments Area Cyclone Warning Centers
generate special warning bulletins and transmit them every hour in local languages to the affected areas.
Three hundred and fifty such receiver stations have been installed by IMD. Out of these 100 are Digital
CWDS (DCWDS) based on advanced technology. DCWDS has been deployed with acknowledgement
transmitters to get confirmation at transmitting station.
A cooperative agreement has been signed with EUMETSAT for using meteorological data from
METEOSAT-5 at 63 degree East in exchange for weather pictures collected by INSAT.
Satellite Aided Search and Rescue (SAS&R) India is a member of the international COSPAS-SARSAT
program for providing distress alert and position location service through Low Earth Orbit Search And
Rescue (LEOSAR) satellite system. Under this program, India has established two Local User Terminals
(LUTs), one at Lucknow and the other at Bangalore. The Indian Mission Control Centre (INMCC) is located
at ISTRAC, Bangalore.
58
INSAT-3A located at 93.5 deg East is equipped with 406 MHz Search and Rescue payload that picks up and
relays alert signals originating from the distress beacons of maritime, aviation and land users.
INSAT and GOES systems have become an integral part of the COSPAS-SARSAT system and they
complement the LEOSAR system.
Indian LUTs provide coverage to a large part of Indian Ocean region rendering distress alert services to
Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, Seychelles, Sri Lanka and Tanzania. The operations of INMCC/LUT
are funded by the participating agencies, namely, Coast Guard, Airports Authority of India (AAI) and
Director General of Shipping and Services.
INSAT GEOSAR Local User Terminal (GEO LUT) is established at ISTRAC, Bangalore and integrated
with INMCC. The distress alert messages concerning the Indian service area, detected at INMCC are passed
on to Indian Coast Guard and Rescue Coordination Centers at Mumbai, Kolkata, Delhi and Chennai. The
search and rescue activities are carried out by Coast Guard, Navy and Air Force. INMCC is linked to RCCs
and other International MCCs through automatic telex and Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network.
The Indian LUTs and MCC provide service round the clock and maintain the database of all 406 MHz
registered beacons equipped on Indian ships and aircraft.
During the year, INMCC supported four distress incidents and saved 86 human lives. Details of the
real distress incidents supported are:
Rescue of 22 crew members of Liberia flag vessel MV Maunakea by detecting the distress signal on
April 29, 2006.
Rescue of 19 crew members of Indian vessel TUG-6, belonging to Dredging Corporation of India by
detecting the distress signal on May 5, 2006.
Rescue of 15 crew members of Panama Tug vessel SEA DIAMOND VII by detecting the distress signal
on June 2, 2006.
Rescue of 30 crew members of a Panama registered ship Glory Moon by detecting the distress signal
during July 11-15, 2006.
INMCC registered 3,132 beacons at Web-based Beacon Registration and organized uploading of existing
Indian beacon data on the website. A low cost beacon is being developed by ISRO.
Standard Time and Frequency Signal Dissemination Services
A Standard Time and Frequency Signal Dissemination Service using a Radio Networking (RN) type CxS
carrier on INSAT-3C, is being operated by the National Physical Laboratory. This service is available roundthe-clock in a broadcast mode at downlink frequency in S-band and is receivable on a set-up consisting of a
2.4 m diameter antenna, a front-end converter, an FM demodulator and a microprocessor controlled signal
decoder. The service consists of a train of 5 kHz bursts signal, which is frequency modulated on the carrier.
The time has a precision of better than one microsecond and accuracy of better than 20 microseconds.
59
Remote Sensing Applications for Natural Resources Management

National Natural Resources Management System (NNRMS), under the aegis of DOS, is aimed at optimum
utilization of the countrys natural resources by
systematic inventory using earth observation data in
conjunction with conventional techniques. The
Planning Committee of NNRMS (PC-NNRMS)
provides guidelines for implementation of the system
and oversees the remote sensing applications. Ten
Standing Committees have been constituted for
application of remote sensing in different thematic
areas. They are: (i) Agriculture and Soils, (ii) BioResources, (iii) Geology and Mineral Resources, (iv)
Water Resources,
(v) Ocean Resources, (vi) Cartography and Mapping,
(vii) Urban Management, (viii) Rural Development,
(ix) Meteorology and (x) Training and Technology.
Each of these Standing Committees is chaired by
Secretary of the respective government departments
and
includes
experts
from
major
user
departments/agencies.
Godavari River delta as seen by RESOURCESAT-1
The remote sensing application projects at national, regional and local levels are carried out through NRSA,
Hyderabad, SAC, Ahmedabad, five Regional Remote Sensing Application Centers (RRSSC) located at
Bangalore, Dehradun, Jodhpur, Kharagpur, and Nagpur and North-Eastern Space Application Centre (NESAC), Shillong. State and central government departments, state remote sensing Centers and others are
associated in these projects. Some of the major application projects carried out during the year are
highlighted in the following paragraphs.
Groundwater Prospects Mapping:
Under Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission, funded by the Department of Drinking Water Supply
of the Ministry of Rural Development, ground water prospects mapping was completed for Andhra Pradesh,
Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Himachal Pradesh, Gujarat and
Orissa. The work involved preparation of maps on 1:50,000 scale and generation of digital data base
pertaining to ground water such as lithology, geomorphology, geological structures and hydrology.
The user feedback indicates good success for targeting water. Training workshops have been organized in all
the states to demonstrate the utility of these maps for selection of well sites and planning recharge structures.
More than 200,000 wells have been drilled in seven states with the overall success rate of 90 percent and
about 7,000 recharge structures have been constructed. As part of the Phase-III of the mission, ground water
prospect mapping for the remaining states of India has been initiated.
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CAPE and FASAL:

Crop Acreage and Production Estimate (CAPE) is a countrywide project funded by the Ministry of
Agriculture and Cooperation and executed by DOS along with various State Remote Sensing Applications
Centers, State Departments of Agriculture and Agricultural Universities. Acreage and production estimates
for principal crops such as wheat, rice, sorghum, cotton, mustard and groundnut are generated under the
project using stratified random sampling approach. Achievements of CAPE include evaluation of multi-date
remote sensing data for crop identification, creation of a geo-referenced cadastral data-base for accuracy
evaluation, development of yield models using trend and weather data.
The all India wheat area was estimated as 26.46 million hectares and production as 71.55 million ton for the
season 2005-06. Wheat acreage and production forecasts for Madhya Pradesh were 3.91 million hectares and
6.58 million ton respectively which is 7.4 percent less than last year. The pre-harvest national Kharif
(Autumn crops) rice area was estimated as 36.41 million hectares and production as 72.87 million ton for
2006-07. The all India potato area was estimated as 1.09 million hectares and production as 22.59 million ton
for 2006-07.
Based on the success of CAPE, Forecasting Agricultural output through Agro-meteorological and Land
based observations (FASAL), which envisages phased implementation in collaboration with State
Agricultural Statistical Agencies, has been institutionalized. Implementation of FASAL is being carried out
in Orissa. The acreage and production of kharif rice was 4.02 million hectares and 6.0 million ton
respectively.
Technology Mission on Cotton:
Under the technology mission on Cotton, RESOURCESAT-1 data over Sirsa, Bharuch, Nagpur and
Dharwad districts were analyzed to derive distribution of cotton crop. The spatial distribution of cotton crop
was integrated with the pedo-climatic data like soil and weather information. The acreages of cotton crop
under each of the pedo-climatic zones were generated for further analysis in crop modeling for generating
cotton yield and aggregate cotton production at district level.
Cropping System Analysis:
RESOURCESAT-1 multi-temporal data was used to generate cropping pattern and crop rotation maps for
five states of Indo-Gangetic plains. The three seasons cropping patterns were integrated to obtain crop
rotation map. The classifications have been completed for all states and the generation of maps is in progress.
The results show that, in Trans-Gangetic Plains (TGP), rice occupies 48.26, 53.87 and 35.12 per cent of
agricultural area in TGP-1 (foothills of Shiwalik), TGP-2 (Plains) and TGP-3 (Arid), respectively. Wheat
covered 64.30, 75.10 and 72.65 percent area respectively in the same region.
The composite products obtained from satellites were used to compute the minimum and maximum
greenness, seasonality of vegetation, onset of sowing and harvesting, crop duration, total integrated
greenness and skewness in the growing season.
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A model to simulate the long-term effects of cropping system on land was validated for all the major
cropping systems of Punjab using field experiments with Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana.
Horticulture studies:
Mapping of apple orchards was completed for Kulu, Shimla and Mandi districts in Himachal Pradesh.
RESOURCESAT-1 data has been used to map the orchards at block level.
Potential Fishery Zone (PFZ) Forecasting:
An integrated approach for Potential Fishing Zone Forecast, based on chlorophyll and Sea Surface
Temperature (SST) derived from OCEANSAT-1 has been developed for use by Indian National Centre for
Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) for operational use. A third parameter, Sea Surface Wind (SSW),
which indicates the effect of currents on feeding grounds, has been incorporated resulting in forecasts
improvement. Already, 287 nodes have been established under INCOIS, through which PFZ maps are
distributed to fishery departments and other government agencies, corporate and fishermen groups.
Feedback indicates 100 percent increase in average Catch Per Unit Effort when fishermen use forecast
information. Benefit to cost ratio has increased from 1.25 to 1.45 for bottom trawling and 1.3 to 2.25 for
gillnetting. 61.7 percent of the users of forecast got more catch and searching time has reduced by 30 percent
to 70 percent. An approach for species specific fishery forecast based on the food and feeding habit of tuna
and preferential temperature range, has been developed.
Biodiversity Characterization:
Initiated jointly by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) and DOS, the biodiversity characterization at
landscape level, covers four main biodiversity rich regions of the country - NE Region, Western Himalayas,
Western Ghats and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Study in Andaman and Nicobar islands has been
completed during the year and the data provided to users like DBT, state forest departments, Ministry of
Environment and Forests, subject experts, etc. Under Phase-II, biodiversity characterization in Central India,
Eastern Ghats and Mangroves of east coast has been completed. The digital maps of the vegetation type have
been supplemented by the information collated from the 5,000 sample plots. Number of species in the herb,
shrub, and climber and tree layers have been estimated. The endemic and threatened species are estimated at
145 and 44, respectively. About 374 medicinally important species have been identified. The information is
available on IBIN website, launched in August 2006. The work under Phase-III has been initiated to cover
parts of Deccan Peninsula, the Gangetic Plains, North Western India, Lakshadweep and the Himalayan cold
deserts.
Snow and Glacier Studies:
Using data from IRS satellites, forecast on cumulative seasonal (April-May-June) snowmelt run-off from
Sutlej river basin up to Bhakra reservoir is provided to Bhakra Beas Management Board by the first week of
April every year, based on analysis of daily observed satellite data. The forecast is updated subsequently for
reservoir water scheduling. Snowmelt run-off forecast of inflow into Bhakra reservoir during April-MayHead Office: 502, Bengal Chemicals Compound Veer Savarkar Marg Prabhadevi Mumbai 400 025 India
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June 2006 was estimated at 1,600,000 cusec-days while the actual measured inflows were 15,62,000 cusecdays, indicating a close match.
Glacier retreat for 236 glaciers in Bhaga, Chandra, Parbati and Baspa basins in Himalayas since 1962 has
been estimated and it shows an overall reduction in glacier area from 1,725 sq km to 1,338 sq km, a
deglaciation of 22 percent.
To monitor snow cover and generate daily maps of snow cover in Himalayan region, an algorithm has been
developed. Systematic inventory of the glaciers in the Indus, Ganges and the Brahmaputra basins using IRS
imageries is being carried out. Glacier inventory corresponding to 228 maps on 1:50,000 scale has been
prepared.
Wastelands Inventory and Information System:
Geo-spatial data on 1:50,000 scale generated under phase-II of the wastelands mapping project has been
included under the web-enabled GIS portal, Wasteland Information System for use by planners and decision
makers. At the behest of Ministry of Rural Development, Wasteland mapping phase-III has been taken up.
The project will enable monitoring and evaluation of wasteland reclamation measures taken up by ministries
in course of the time.
Archaeological Applications:
At the request of Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), a study has been undertaken for survey of Nalanda
and its environs towards formulating a conceptual plan for integrated development of this sixth century BC
ancient site. Data of CARTOSAT-1 and collated data from ASI have been interpreted for features like
monasteries, temples, stupas, excavated sites and other land use features. It is found that nine of the ten
monasteries and five of the six temples/stupas with their geometric shape and pattern on ASI map are
distinctly visible on the imagery obtained from satellites.
Watershed Development Projects:
Sujala watershed development program has been taken up by Karnataka Watershed Development
Department and aided by World Bank in 854 micro watersheds in 77 sub-watersheds falling in five districts
(Kolar, Tumkur, Chitradurga, Dharwad and Haveri). Baseline survey has been completed in phase-1 and
phase-2 watersheds and nearing completion in phase-3 watersheds. Concurrent monitoring is being carried
out in all the watersheds. Various software packages have been developed and are being used for effective
monitoring and evaluation. Various thematic reports like soil fertility evaluation, benefits of common
property resources, etc, are being regularly generated. The detailed impact assessment of the developmental
activities carried out has indicated measurable impacts in crop yield, crop diversity, and house hold income,
etc.
At the behest of Ministry of Rural Development, a watershed prioritization project has been taken up for the
states of Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh and Orissa. The project envisages development of criteria for treating
watersheds for drinking water needs, wasteland reclamation and overall improvement in quality of life of
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villagers. Information on drinking water status, SC/ST population, and extent of area under wastelands are
compiled and analyzed in a GIS environment.
Waterlogging and Salinity Mapping in Command Areas:
A project on assessment and monitoring of salinity and waterlogged areas in major and medium commands
in the country has been taken up on behalf of Central Water Commission (CWC). The aim is to generate
geo-spatial database and to assess the latest condition of about 1,626 irrigation commands of the country in
terms of water logging and salt accumulation/manifestation. Subsequent to successful completion of the
project for six states, namely, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Haryana, Bihar, Jharkhand and Goa during 2004-05,
five more states, namely, Punjab, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh have been
completed during year.
Ocean Studies:
Chlorophyll images have been generated for part of Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal using data from
OCEANSAT-1. Ship cruise was conducted in the Arabian Sea during April 2006 to collect optical
measurements along with the data on other biological and chemical parameters. Hyper spectral under water
radiometer was used for the first time for collection of the optical data. Chlorophyll and primary productivity
climatology generation (July 1999-December 2000) using OCEANSAT-1 data has been completed.
Chhattisgarh State Developmental Planning:
At the behest of the Chhattisgarh Infotech and Biotech Promotion Society (CHiPS), a project on state
developmental planning using remote sensing and GIS for 20,379 villages covering 1,35,194 sq km has been
taken up. The objectives include establishment of natural resources database, geo-referencing of village maps
and development of land information system and development of road information system.
After creation of comprehensive database for all 16 districts, the same is being used for generation of land
and water resources action plans, identification of suitable sites for industry development, horticulture, etc.
Many other projects like inputs for preparation of forest management information system, delimitation of
assembly constituencies, etc, have been carried out for Chhattisgarh.
Assessment of Irrigation Potential:
A pilot project has been completed for Upper Krishna Project (UKP) and Teesta as part of the Accelerated
Irrigation Benefit Program (AIBP) of the government, which is aimed at speeding up implementation of ongoing irrigation/multi-purpose projects. DOS has demonstrated the utility of high-resolution satellite data for
monitoring the progress of on going irrigation projects and also to look at the existing irrigation
infrastructure. Based on the study, all 140 irrigation projects across India are being assessed for their
irrigation potential using CARTOSAT-1 data.
Identification of Hazardous Waste Dumpsites:
A pilot study for identification and mapping of waste dumpsites at two sites of Taloja, Thane and Tarapur
industrial area has been carried out using high resolution satellite data.
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Exploring Shallow Gas Zones: Identification of potential zones suitable for occurrence of shallow gas in
Anakaleshwar, Olpad and Kosambiwas has been carried out using satellite data calibrated with ground data.
The ground data samples collected for 34 different locations have revealed mineral abundance of the area.
Hydropower Sites Investigation:
In order to identify potential areas for setting up of hydropower infrastructure at Pinder river catchment (a
tributary of Alkananda located in Chamoli district, Uttaranchal), CARTOSAT-1 data has been processed for
baseline information and digital elevation model. Sixteen prospective locations for hydropower development
have been identified with power potential varying from 1 to 16 MW. These locations have been
recommended for detailed site-specific studies for the geotechnical and sub-surface geological
characteristics.
Natural Resources Repository (NRR): DOS has initiated the generation of natural resources repository for
the country comprising mainly remote sensing based data/information. This repository comprises a spatial
data base of seven key natural resources information land use/land cover, soil, geomorphology, vegetation,
snow/glacier, land degradation and wetlands on 1:50,000 scale and land use/land cover maps (cropping
season wise) on 1:250,000 scale, a spatial database of large scale base information on 1:10,000 scale and a
cadastral referenced database of selected states. The services of NRR is planned to be provided through
NNRMS Portal, which is already operational. The repository will be able to serve the needs of government,
business and citizens at large.
Natural Resources Census:
The Natural Resources (NR) census is aimed to provide a snap-shot of the status of natural resources of the
country. The project uses IRS data to prepare natural resources information at 1:50,000 scale and land
use/land cover both at 1:50,000 and 1:250,000 scale for periodic monitoring of natural resources. Mapping at
1:250,000 scale land use/land cover has been completed for Kharif, Rabi and Zaid seasons of 2004-2005 and
the first land use/land cover map of the country has been generated. Classification and analysis for 20052006 Kharif has been completed.
Large Scale Mapping (LSM):
Bringing out large-scale maps at 1:10,000 using high-resolution satellite remote sensing data has been taken
up. Under the pilot phase, 74 sites covering an area of 12,000 sq km have been taken up. The mapping for 28
sites has been completed and the final product is available in GIS database. For the remaining sites, work is
progressing at different stage. Operational phase of the activity using CARTOSAT1 data is progressing
well.
Cadastral Referencing Database:
Digital cadastral referenced database, which can be used for generating cadastral/village referencing of
spatial information, has been taken up for Karnataka and Gujarat under NNRMS.
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Natural Resources Data Base (NRDB):

NRDB aims at organizing and maintaining standardized database of different themes. It is tied through
common standards and accessible by a common search engine over a secured network. The project will help
create a GIS repository for the country made available through the NNRMS Portal to enable initiation of
national level projects for development. The proto-type version has been completed and the operational
system is under development.
The development of indigenous Geographic Information System (IGIS) has been taken up to cater the needs
of NNRMS Portal and NRDB functions. Some of the tasks planned include development of GIS solutions
for user service through NNRMS Portal, application show-case solutions for Natural Resources
Management, indigenous GIS to meet the core GIS functions, etc. IGIS solution will also enable Web access,
Web browsing, Web applications for Portal and application show-cases to meet the requirements of
developing various land, water and socio-economic development plans in an automated way. Test and
evaluation of core module of GIS developed is under progress.
Portal providing information on NNRMS and metadata of the projects carried out so far has been opened on
the internet for disseminating the information to user community.
CartoDEM:
The Objective of this project is to develop Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Digital Ortho Imagery, which
will provide a level of details and accuracy highly suitable for medium to large-scale mapping and analysis.
Indigenously developed software package is being used for generating DEM and 65 percent of the national
land coverage has been processed so far to generate a 100 m grid DEM and a large number of triangulated
control points.
Satellite Photogrammetry Software:
Satellite Photogrammetry processing software for CARTOSAT-1 to generate digital elevation models and
ortho-images has been developed and beta testing version released to target users.
Aerial Survey
During the year, aerial survey of Maldives Islands was carried out to generate map on 1:40,000 scale and
further, map16 selected islands on 1:6,000 scale.
A primary GPS network on WGS-84 datum for the entire country was established. A remote sensing centre
was also established at Male, the capital and the manpower were trained in remote sensing and
Photogrammetry as follow up.
A total of 166 hours of flying was conducted during the year for aerial surveys over Bhatkal, Abujmad,
Tapovan, Loharinag-pala, Visakhapatnam, East Godavari, Nizamabad, Bodhan, Banswada, Yellareddy,
Armur, Kamareddy, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad. ALTM-DC survey over Garland canal in Karnataka has
been carried out. 3D digital topographic data base was generated for Visakhapatnam and Kolkata Municipal
Corporation areas using aerial photographs.
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Space Transportation
The Indian space program began in the 1960s with the launch of modest Rohini sounding rockets for
scientific investigations over the geo-magnetic equator passing over Thumba near Thiruvananthapuram.
Since then, India has achieved self-reliance in satellite launch vehicle program with the operationalisation of
Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV).
Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV)
The major achievement during the year was the tenth launch of Indias Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
(PSLV-C7) on January 10, 2007, carrying four satellites Indias CARTOSAT-2 and Space capsule
Recovery Experiment (SRE-1), Indonesian LAPAN-TUBSAT and Argentinas PEHUENSAT. All the
satellites were placed precisely in the specified polar orbit of 635 km at an inclination of 97.9 degree with
respect to equator.
PSLV is the workhorse launch vehicle of ISRO with nine consecutively successful flights so far. Since its
first successful launch in 1994, PSLV has launched eight Indian remote sensing satellites, an amateur radio
satellite, HAMSAT, Space capsule Recovery Experiment (SRE-1) and six small satellites for foreign
customers into 600-800 km high polar SSOs. Besides, it has also launched Indias exclusive meteorological
satellite, Kalpana-1, into Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO). PSLV will also be used to launch Indias
first spacecraft mission to moon, Chandrayaan-1, during 2008.
The 44 m tall PSLV has a lift-off mass of 295 ton. It is a four-stage launch vehicle with the first and the third
stages as well as the six strap-ons surrounding the first stage using HTPB based solid propellant. The first
stage is one of the largest solid propellant boosters in the world. Its second and fourth stages use liquid
propellants. PSLVs bulbous payload fairing has a diameter of 3.2 meter. The vehicle has S-band telemetry
and C-band transponder systems for monitoring its health and flight status respectively. It also has
sophisticated auxiliary systems like stage and payload fairing separation systems.
PSLV was originally designed to put 1,000 kg class of Indias remote sensing satellites into a 900 km polar
SSO. The payload capability of PSLV has been successively enhanced and PSLV-C7 launched the four
payloads into a 635 km high polar SSO with an inclination of 97.92 deg with respect to the equator. For the
first time, a Dual Launch Adopter (DLA) was used in PSLV to accommodate the payloads. The 680 kg main
payload, CARTOSAT-2, was mounted over DLA. The 550 kg Space capsule Recovery Experiment (SRE-1)
was mounted inside DLA.
The 56 kg LAPAN-TUBSAT was mounted on the equipment bay while the 6 kg nano-satellite,
PEHUENSAT-1, was mounted on DLA. Some of the modifications incorporated in PSLV-C7 compared to
the previous flight, PSLV-C6, were:
Use of DLA.
Reduction of propellant from 2.5 ton to 2 ton in the fourth liquid propellant stage, PS4.
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Modifications in PSLV fourth stage control electronics.

Incorporation of Video Imaging System to capture payloads and DLA separation events.
Altitude based Day of Launch wind biased steering program during Open Loop Guidance.
Deletion of Secondary Injection Thrust Vector Control (SITVC) systems for one of two strap-ons that is
ignited in the air.
Reduction of PSLV first stage SITVC injectant by 500 kg.
2007 In The News:

PSLV Successfully Launches Four Satellites
January 10, 2007
In its tenth flight conducted from Satish Dhawan Space Center (SDSC)
SHAR, Sriharikota, today (January 10, 2007), ISROs Polar Satellite
Launch Vehicle, PSLV-C7, successfully launched four satellites -Indias CARTOSAT-2 and Space capsule Recovery Experiment (SRE1), Indonesias LAPAN-TUBSAT and Argentinas PEHUENSAT-1 into
a 635 km high polar orbit. For the first time, a Dual Launch Adopter
(DLA) was used in PSLV to accommodate two primary satellites in
tandem.
After the final count down, PSLV-C7 lifted off from the first launch pad
at SDSC SHAR, at 9.23 am with the ignition of the core first stage and
four of the six strap-on motors. The remaining two strap-on motors were
ignited at 25 sec after lift-off. The important flight events included the
separation of the ground-lit strap-on motors, separation of air-lit strap-on
motors and the first stage, ignition of the second stage, separation of the
heatshield at about 121 km altitude after the vehicle had cleared the
dense atmosphere, second stage separation, third stage ignition, third
stage separation, fourth stage ignition and fourth stage cut-off.
The 680 kg main payload, CARTOSAT-2, mounted over DLA, was the first satellite to be injected into orbit
at 981.3 sec after lift-off at an altitude of 639 km. About 45 sec later, DLA with the 6 kg PEHUENSAT-1
mounted on it, was separated. 120 sec later, the 550 kg Space capsule Recovery Experiment (SRE-1)
mounted inside DLA was separated and finally, 190 sec later, the 56 kg LAPAN-TUBSAT, mounted on the
equipment bay of PSLV fourth stage was separated.
The four satellites have been placed in a polar orbit at an altitude of 637 km with an inclination of 97.9 deg
with respect to the equator. The initial signals indicate their normal health.
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PSLV is the workhorse launch vehicle of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) with nine
consecutively successful flights so far. Since its first successful launch in 1994, PSLV has launched seven
Indian remote sensing satellites, an amateur radio satellite, HAMSAT, and four small satellites for foreign
customers into 550-800 km high polar SSOs. Besides, it has also launched Indias exclusive meteorological
satellite, Kalpana-1, into Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO). PSLV will also be used to launch Indias
first spacecraft mission to moon, Chandrayaan-1, during 2008.
The 44 m tall PSLV has a lift-off mass of 295 ton. It is a four-stage launch vehicle with the first and the third
stages as well as the six strap-ons surrounding the first stage using HTPB based solid propellant. PSLVs
first stage is one of the largest solid propellant boosters in the world. Its second and fourth stages use liquid
propellants. PSLVs bulbous payload fairing has a diameter of 3.2 meter. The vehicle has S-band telemetry
and C-band transponder systems for monitoring its health and flight status. It also has sophisticated auxiliary
systems like stage and payload fairing separation systems.
PSLV was originally designed to put 1,000 kg class of Indias remote sensing satellites into a 900 km polar
SSO. The payload capability of PSLV has been successively enhanced and in todays flight, PSLV-C7, it
launched four payloads, in all weighing 1292 kg in addition to the DLA. Some of the modifications
incorporated in PSLV-C7 compared to the previous flight, PSLV-C6, are:
Use of Dual Launch Adopter
Reduction of propellant from 2.5 ton to 2 ton in the fourth liquid propellant stage, PS4 Altitude based Day of
Launch wind biased steering program during Open Loop Guidance CARTOSAT-2, the twelfth in the Indian
Remote Sensing (IRS) satellite series, is an advanced remote sensing satellite capable of providing scenespecific spot imagery. It will join the other six IRS satellites which are in service -- IRS-1C, IRS-1D,
OCEANSAT-1, Technology Experimental Satellite (TES), RESOURCESAT-1 and CARTOSAT-1. It
carries a Panchromatic camera (PAN) to provide imageries with a spatial resolution of better than one meter
and a swath of 9.6 km. The satellite can be steered up to 45 deg along as well as across the track. The data
from the satellite will be used for cartographic applications at cadastral level, urban and rural infrastructure
development and management, as well as applications in Land Information System (LIS) and Geographical
Information System (GIS).
Soon after its separation from the DLA, the two solar arrays of CARTOSAT-2 were automatically deployed
to generate the electrical power for the satellite. The satellite health is being continuously monitored from the
Spacecraft Control Center of ISTRAC at Bangalore with the help of its network of stations at Bangalore,
Lucknow, Mauritius, Bearslake in Russia, Biak in Indonesia, as well as support from Svalbard ground station
in Sweden for the initial phase of the CARTOSAT-2 mission. Further operations on the satellite like orbit
trimming, checking out the various subsystems and, finally, switching on the cameras will be carried out in
the coming days.
With ISRO Satellite Center (ISAC), Bangalore, as the lead Center, CARTOSAT-2 was realized with major
contributions from Space Applications Center (SAC), Ahmedabad, LPSC at Bangalore, and IISU,
Thiruvananthapuram. ISTRAC is responsible for initial and in-orbit operation of CARTOSAT-2. The
National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA), Hyderabad receives and processes the data from CARTOSAT-2.
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Space capsule Recovery Experiment (SRE-1):

Space capsule Recovery Experiment (SRE-1), developed by
ISROs VSSC and ISAC, is a 550 kg capsule, intended to
demonstrate the technology of an orbiting platform for performing
experiments in microgravity conditions.
After the completion of the experiments, the capsule will de-orbit
after a few days and recovered. SRE-1 mission will provide valuable
experience in such important fields like navigation, guidance and
control during the re-entry phase, hypersonic aero-thermodynamics
facilitating the development of reusable thermal protection system
(TPS), recovery through deceleration and floatation besides
acquisition of basic technology for reusable launch vehicles.
SRE-1 carries two experiments, an Isothermal Heating Furnace [IHF]
and a Biomimetic (Biomineralisation of Inorganic materials)
experiment. IHF will be operated to perform metallurgical
experiments while Biomimetic experiment will be operated to
perform Biomimetic synthesis. SRE-1 comprises aero-thermo
structure, spacecraft platform, and deceleration and floatation system
besides the micro-gravity payloads. It has a sphere-cone-flare
configuration with a spherical nose of about 0.5 m radius, base
diameter of 2 m and 1.6 m height.
The capsule is made of mild steel. The parachute, pyro devices, avionics packages of triggering unit and
sequencer, telemetry and tracking system and sensors for measurement of system performance parameters
are placed inside SRE capsule.
Two days before de-orbiting, SRE-1 will be placed in a Repetitive Elliptical Orbit. Subsequently, it will be
reoriented and deboost rocket is fired to make it reenter the earths atmosphere. Close loop guidance system
is employed during deboost and coasting phases leading to its recovery. On re-entry, after initial
aerodynamic braking, a parachute system will reduce the touch down velocity. SRE-1 will splashdown in the
Bay of Bengal, east of Sriharikota coast. A floatation system will keep SRE afloat and enables its recovery.
SRE-1 is being tracked and monitored by ground stations at Bangalore, Lucknow, Mauritius, Biak in
Indonesia, Bearslake in Russia, Saskatoon in Canada and Svalbard in Sweden/ Transo in Norway.
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LAPAN-TUBSAT and PEHUENSAT-1:
LAPAN-TUBSAT and PEHUENSAT-1 were launched under

commercial agreements. LAPAN-TUBSAT is a cooperative venture
between Indonesian Space Agency, LAPAN and Technical University of
Berlin. It is an earth observation satellite besides a technical
demonstrator in control systems. The 56 kg LAPAN-TUBSAT carries
two Charge Coupled Device (CCD) cameras with ground resolutions of
5 m and 200 m respectively. It also carries an experiment for message
store and forward system.
PEHUENSAT-1 is a 6 kg Argentinean nano-satellite meant to serve
educational, technological and scientific fields. PEHUENSAT-1,
developed by University of Comahue of Argentina, AMSAT (Amateur
Satellite Association of Argentina) and Argentina Association for Space
Technology, is intended to provide an experiment platform to perform amateur radio experiments between
colleges and universities of Argentina.
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With its ninth consecutively successful launch today, PSLV has once again proved its reliability and
versatility to orbit multiple satellites and launch satellites in different types of orbit. In todays launch,
several improvements to the vehicle and the Dual Launch Adopter have been proved in flight.
Space Capsule Successfully Recovered

January 22, 2007 http://www.isro.org/pslv-c7/photos/sre01.jpg
The Space capsule Recovery Experiment (SRE-1) launched by Polar Satellite
Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C7) from Satish Dhawan Space Center (SDSC)
SHAR, Sriharikota on January 10, 2007 was successfully recovered today
(January 22, 2007) after being maneuvered to reenter the earths atmosphere
and descend over Bay of Bengal about 140 km East of Sriharikota.
Since its launch, SRE-1 was going round the earth in a circular polar orbit at an altitude of 637 km. In
preparation for its reentry, SRE-1 was put into an elliptical orbit with a perigee (nearest point to earth) of 485
km and an apogee (farthest point to earth) of 639 km by issuing commands from the Spacecraft Control
Center (SCC) of ISTRAC at Bangalore on January 19, 2007. The critical de-boost operations were executed
from SCC, Bangalore supported by a network of ground stations at Bangalore, Lucknow, Mauritius,
Sriharikota, Biak in Indonesia, Saskatoon in Canada, Svalbard in Norway besides shipborne and airborne
terminals.
Today, January 22, 2007, the re-orientation of SRE-1 capsule for de-boost operations commenced at 08:42
am (IST). The deboost started at 09:00 am with the firing of on-board rocket motors and the operations were
completed at 09:10 am. At 09:17 am, SRE-1 capsule was reoriented for its re-entry into the dense
atmosphere. The capsule made its re-entry at 09:37 am at an altitude of 100 km with a velocity of 8 km/sec
(29,000 km per hour). During its reentry, the capsule was protected from the intense heat by carbon phenolic
ablative material and silica tiles on its outer surface. http://www.isro.org/pslv-c7/photos/sre02.jpg
By the time SRE-1 descended to an altitude of 5 km, aerodynamic breaking had
considerably reduced its velocity to 101 m/sec (363 km per hour). Pilot and drogue
parachute deployments helped in further reducing its velocity to 47 m/sec (about
170 km per hour).
The main parachute was deployed at about 2 km altitude and finally, SRE-1
splashed down in the Bay of Bengal with a velocity of 12 m/sec (about 43 km per
hour) at 09:46 am. The flotation system, which immediately got triggered, kept the
capsule floating. Recovery operations were supported and carried out by the Indian
Coast Guard and Indian Navy using ships, aircraft and helicopters.
During its stay in orbit for the last 12 days, the two experiments on board SRE-1
were successfully conducted under micro gravity conditions. One of the experiments was related to study of
metal melting and crystallization under micro gravity conditions. This experiment, jointly designed by the
Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore and Vikram Sarabhai Space Center, Thiruvananthapuram, was
performed in an Isothermal Heating Furnace. The second experiment, designed by National Metallurgical
Laboratory, Jamshedpur, was intended to study the synthesis of nano-crystals under micro gravity
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conditions. This experiment can help in designing better biomaterials having closest proximity with natural
biological products. The experimental results will be analyzed in due course by the principal scientific
investigators of the two experiments.
The successful launch, in-orbit operation of the on board experiments and reentry and recovery of SRE-1 has
demonstrated Indias capability in important technologies like aero-thermo structures, deceleration and
flotation systems, navigation, guidance and control. SRE-1 is an important beginning for providing a low
cost platform for micro-gravity experiments in space science and technology and return specimen from
space.
INSAT-4B Launched Successfully

March 12, 2007
INSAT 4B
ISRO's latest satellite, INSAT-4B, was successfully launched early this morning (March 12, 2007) by the
European Ariane-5 ECA launch vehicle of Arianespace. The 3,025 kg INSAT-4B is the second satellite in
the INSAT-4 series. An identical satellite, INSAT-4A, was launched by Ariane-5 on December 22, 2005.
With 12 high power Ku-band transponders and 12 C-band transponders, INSAT-4B will further augment the
INSAT capacity for Direct-To-Home (DTH) television services and other communication and TV services.
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The 31st flight in Ariane-5 series, carrying ISRO's INSAT-4B and its co-passenger, Skynet-5A of EADS
Astrium, lifted off at 03:33 am Indian Standard Time (IST) from Kourou, French Guyana. About 30 minutes
after lift-off, INSAT-4B was placed in the Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) in 3-axis stabilized mode.
INSAT-4B is now orbiting the earth with a perigee (nearest point to earth) of 243 km and an apogee (farthest
point to earth) of 35,876 km and an inclination of 4.52 deg with respect to the equator. The orbital period is
about 10 hours 34 minutes.
The Master Control Facility (MCF) at Hassan in Karnataka acquired the first signals from INSAT-4B at 4:02
am IST. The initial checks on the satellite have indicated normal health of the satellite. MCF subsequently
issued commands to the satellite to make the earth viewing face to orient towards earth. The calibration of
the gyros on board the satellite was also carried out.
INSAT-4B is being tracked, monitored and controlled from MCF. During the initial phase operations, MCF
also utilizes INMARSAT Organization's Telemetry, Tracking and Command (TTC) ground stations at
Beijing (China), Fucino (Italy) and Lake Cowichan (Canada) besides the ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and
Command (ISTRAC) Network station at Biak in Indonesia. The satellite's orbit is being precisely determined
by continuous ranging from the participating ground stations.
In the coming days, INSAT-4B will be maneuvered to its final geostationary orbit, which is about 36,000 km
above the equator, by firing its 440 Newton Liquid Apogee Motor (LAM). When the satellite reaches near
geosynchronous orbit, deployment of its solar panels and the two antennas will be carried out and the
satellite put in its final 3-axis stabilized mode. This will be followed by trim maneuvers to take the satellite
to its designated orbital slot at 93.5 degree East longitude where it will be co-located with INSAT-3A. The
payloads will be checked out before the commissioning of the satellite.
INSAT-4B carries the following payloads:
12 Ku- band 36 MHz and 27 MHz usable bandwidth Transponders (9 and 3 numbers respectively)
employing 140 W TWTAs to provide an EIRP of 52 dBW over the footprint covering Indian main land.
12 C-band 36 MHz bandwidth transponders employing 63 W TWTA to provide an EIRP 39 dBW with
expanded coverage encompassing Indian geographical boundary, area beyond India in southeast and
northwest regions.
INSAT-4B measures 15.4 meter with its solar arrays are fully deployed in orbit. The satellite will be 3-axis
body stabilized in orbit using earth sensors, momentum and reaction wheels, magnetic torquers and eight 10
Newton and eight 22 Newton Reaction Control Thrusters. The satellite has two solar arrays together
generating 5,860 Watt of electrical power backed up by three 100 Ah Lithium-Ion Batteries.
The satellite has two deployable antennas for various transmit and receive functions.
With ISRO Satellite Center (ISAC), Bangalore, as the lead Center, INSAT-4B was realized with major
contributions from Space Applications Center (SAC), Ahmedabad, Liquid Propulsion Systems Center
(LPSC) at Valiamala and Bangalore, Vikram Sarabhai Space Center (VSSC) and ISRO Inertial Systems Unit
(IISU) at Thiruvananthapuram and Laboratory for Electro Optic Sensors at Bangalore.
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Besides, several industries in both public and private sectors have contributed to the realization of INSAT4B. MCF is responsible for initial phase and in-orbit operation of all geostationary satellites of ISRO.
Established in 1983, the Indian National Satellite (INSAT) is the largest domestic communication satellite
systems in the Asia Pacific Region with nine satellites in operation. It provides services in
telecommunication, television broadcasting, and meteorology including disaster warning, tele-education and
telemedicine. The system has 175 transponders at present for communication services besides meteorological
instruments (Very High Resolution Radiometer and Charged Coupled Device (CCD) cameras) for providing
meteorological data. With the addition of INSAT-4B, the communication capacity will be further increased
to 199 transponders
INSAT-4B is the second satellite in the INSAT-4 series. Weighing 3025 kg at lift-off, INSAT-4B is designed
to augment the communication services in C-band and Ku-band. It carries 24 transponders, 12 each in Cband and Ku-band. INSAT-4B is launched into Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) by Ariane-5 launch
vehicle. The satellite is subsequently maneuvered to 36,000 km high Geosynchronous Orbit (GSO) by using
the Liquid Apogee Motor (LAM) on board the satellite. In GSO, INSAT-4B will be co-located with INSAT3A satellite at 93.5 deg E longitude. INSAT-4B is designed for a mission life of 12 years.
INSAT system, which was established in
1983, is the largest domestic communication
satellite system in the Asia-Pacific region
comprising nine satellites _INSAT-2E,
INSAT-3A, INSAT-3B, INSAT-3C, INSAT3E, KALPANA-1, GSAT-2, EDUSAT and
INSAT-4A _providing 175 transponders
besides meteorological instruments. INSAT4B will further augment the INSAT system
capacity for DTH services.
SALIENT FEATURES (right)
COMMUNICATION PAYLOAD
12 Ku-band transponders with 36 MHz and
27 MHz usable bandwidth (9 and 3 numbers
respectively) employing 140 W TWTAs to
provide an EIRP of 52 dBW at Edge Of
Coverage (EOC) polygon with footprint
covering Indian mainland
12 C-band transponders with 36 MHz
usable bandwidth employing 63 W TWTAs
to provide an EIRP of 39 dBW at EOC with
expanded coverage encompassing Indian geographical boundary, area beyond India in southeast and
northwest regions
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PSLV C8 Successfully Launches Italian Satellite

April 23, 2007
In its eleventh flight, conducted from Satish Dhawan Space Center (SDSC) SHAR, Sriharikota, this
afternoon (April 23, 2007), ISROs Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, PSLV-C8, successfully launched the
352 kg Italian astronomical satellite, AGILE, into a 550 km circular orbit, inclined at an angle of 2.5 deg to
the equator.
PSLV-C8 mission was unique in many respects. In this mission, PSLV was flown, for the first time, without
the six strap-on motors of the first stage. Also, for the first time, PSLV launched a satellite into an
equatorial circular orbit of 550 km. PSLV-C8 was the first major commercial launch the contract for which
was won against stiff international competition.
Along with the Italian satellite, AGILE, an Advanced Avionics Module (AAM), weighing 185 kg, to test
advanced launch vehicle avionics systems like mission computers, navigation and telemetry systems, was
also flown on PSLV-C8. All the operational flights of PSLV so far have been successful and thus PSLV has
emerged as the workhorse launch vehicle of ISRO.
After the final count down, PSLV-C8 lifted off from the Second Launch Pad (SLP) at SDSC SHAR at 3:30
pm with the ignition of the core first stage. The important flight events included the separation of the first
stage, ignition of the second stage, separation of the payload fairing at about 116 km altitude after the vehicle
had cleared the dense atmosphere, second stage separation, third stage ignition and third stage separation,
fourth stage ignition and fourth stage cut-off. AGILE was placed in orbit 1370.7 sec after lift off.
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With a much lighter payload and the low inclination of the orbit in which AGILE was to be placed, PSLVC8 was configured, for the first time, without the six solid propellant strap-on motors of the first stage. Also,
the propellant in the fourth stage had been reduced by about 400 kg compared to the previous PSLV flight.
The core-alone PSLV-C8 had a lift-off mass of 230 ton.
PSLV has emerged as the workhorse launch vehicle of ISRO with ten consecutively successful flights so far.
Since its first successful launch in 1994, PSLV has launched eight Indian remote sensing satellites, an
amateur radio satellite, HAMSAT, a recoverable space capsule, SRE-1, and six small satellites for foreign
customers into 550-800 km high polar Sun Synchronous Orbits (SSO). Besides, it has launched Indias
exclusive meteorological satellite, Kalpana-1, into Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO). PSLV will also
be used to launch Indias first spacecraft mission to moon, Chandrayaan-1, during 2008.
In its standard configuration, the 44 m tall PSLV has a lift-off mass of 295 ton. It is a four-stage launch
vehicle with the first and the third stages as well as the six strap-ons surrounding the first stage using HTPB
based solid propellant. PSLVs first stage is one of the largest solid propellant boosters in the world. Its
second and fourth stages use liquid propellants. PSLVs bulbous payload fairing has a diameter of 3.2 meter.
The vehicle has S-band telemetry and C-band transponder systems for monitoring its health and flight status
respectively. It also has sophisticated auxiliary systems like stage and payload fairing separation systems.
AGILE Italian Astronomical Satellite
AGILE is an X-ray and Gamma ray astronomical satellite of the Italian Space Agency (ASI), Rome. The
design, development and fabrication activities of the satellite were led by Carlo Gavazzi Space, Milan, Italy.
The launch was arranged by Cosmos International through Antrix Corporation. The satellite carries scientific
instruments capable of studying distant celestial objects in X-ray and Gamma ray regions of the
electromagnetic spectrum.
The 49 m tall GSLV, with a lift off mass of 414 ton is a three-stage vehicle with solid, liquid and cryogenic
stages. The first stage of GSLV is one of the largest rocket motors in the world and uses Hydroxyl
Terminated Poly-butadiene (HTPB) base propellant. The second stage as well as the four strap-on motors use
liquid propellant Vikas engine burning UH25 and Nitrogen Tetroxide. The third stage of GSLV is a
cryogenic stage that uses liquid Hydrogen as fuel and liquid Oxygen as oxidizer.
GSLV employs S-band telemetry and C-band transponders for enabling vehicle performance monitoring,
tracking, range safety/flight safety and Preliminary Orbit Determination (POD). The Payload Fairing, which
is 7.8 m long and 3.4 m in diameter, protects the vehicle electronics and the spacecraft during its the ascent
through the atmosphere. It is discarded when the vehicle has reached an altitude of about 115 km. The
Redundant Strap Down Inertial Navigation System (RESINS) / Inertial Guidance System (IGS) housed in
the equipment bay guides the vehicle from lift-off to spacecraft injection. The digital auto-pilot and closedloop guidance scheme ensure the required attitude maneuver and guided injection of the spacecraft to the
specified orbit.
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GSLV employs various separation systems such as Flexible Linear Shaped Charge (FLSC) for the first stage,
pyro actuated collect release mechanism for the second stage and Merman band bolt cutter separation
mechanism for the third stage. Spacecraft separation is by spring thrusters mounted at the separation
interface.
GSLV was declared operational after both its
developmental test flights conducted in April 2001 and
May 2003 were successful. In its first operational flight,
GSLV-F01, successfully launched Indias first exclusive
satellite for educational services, EDUSAT, in September
2004. The vehicle has been improved successively in the
last four flights to increase its payload capability from
1,530 kg in its first test flight to 2,168 kg in the fourth
flight.
During the year, the second operational flight, GSLV-F02,
with INSAT-4C on board, was launched from the Second
Launch Pad (SLP) at Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR
(SDSC SHAR), Sriharihota on July 10, 2006. GSLV-F02
was intended to place INSAT-4C, into a 170 km x 36,000
km GTO with an orbital inclination of 20.7 degree with
respect to equator. However, GSLV-F02 could not
complete the mission. About 55 sec into the flight, GSLVF02 started deviating significantly from its nominal flight
path resulting in the vehicle breaking up at 62 sec after
lift-off. The debris fell into Bay of Bengal.
The Failure Analysis Committee (FAC), constituted for
investigating the failure, has reviewed the performance of
GSLV-F02 from lift-off to the end of flight. FAC has
concluded that the performance of all vehicle subsystems, except one strap-on stage was normal until 56.4
sec. The primary cause for the failure was the sudden loss of thrust in one out of the four liquid propellant
strap-on stages (S4) immediately after lift-off at 0.2 sec. With only three strap-on stages working, there was
significant reduction in the control capability. However the vehicle attitude could be controlled till about 50
sec. At the same time the vehicle reached the transonic regime of flight and the vehicle attitude errors built
up to large values, resulting in aerodynamic loads exceeding the design limits thus leading to break up of the
vehicle.
The thrust of the liquid engines used in the strap-on stages is precisely controlled by a set of regulators.
Detailed analyses have indicated that in S4 engine the thrust control was not effective. Instead of stabilizing
at 5.85 MPa (Mega Pascal) chamber pressure, it reached 7.11 MPa at 2.8 sec after ignition. This was much
beyond the design limits and the engine failed at 0.2 sec after lift-off, which is 5 sec after its ignition.
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Simulations and analyses of flight data and verification through calibration tests have led to the conclusion
that the propellant regulator in the failed engine had much higher discharge coefficient in its closed
condition. The reason for this could be an inadvertent error in manufacturing, which escaped the subsequent
inspection, and acceptance test procedures. This regulator has functioned satisfactorily in all the previous 50
engines manufactured and tested so far.
The larger flow of propellant led to higher operating pressure in the gas generator (4.7 MPa against design
specification of 3.6 MPa). Due to this higher operating pressure of the gas generator, the water flow rate into
it got reduced. The combined effect of larger flow of propellants and reduced flow of water led to a very high
gas temperature of 1823 K against design specification of 900 K and pressure of 4.7 MPa against the design
specification of 3.6 MPa. The very high operating pressure and temperature resulted in the structural failure
of the gas generator. The consequent abrupt stopping of the turbo pumps that feed propellants at very high
pressures to the engines led to loss of thrust of S4 engine. The water calibration tests conducted simulating
the malfunction of the propellant regulator hardware could closely reproduce the flight phenomenon thereby
confirming the larger flow area.
FAC has concluded that the design of GSLV is robust and recommended implementation of strict control on
fabrication, inspection and acceptance procedures. Among others, FAC has recommended fabrication
processes to be critically reviewed and updated. It has recommended for independent inspection of all critical
dimensions of components and subassemblies by in-house agencies. Further, long duration hot test on one
out of every 20 engines fabricated has been recommended to ensure that production process is under control.
In addition, FAC has recommended strengthening the process of clearance of launch during Automatic
Launch Sequence (ALS) phase. FAC conclusions and recommendations have been accepted and necessary
action has been initiated to implement all of them.
Activities related to the follow-on GSLV to launch INSAT-4CR are progressing well for the planned launch
in 2007-08. The work on GSLV-D3 with indigenous cryogenic stage is also progressing well.
Cryogenic Upper Stage Project (CUSP)
The third stage of GSLV which is cryogenic is much more efficient and provides more thrust for every
kilogram of propellant it burns compared to solid and earth-storable liquid propellants. Specific impulse (a
measure of the efficiency) achievable with cryo fluids (liquid Hydrogen and liquid Oxygen) is of the order of
450 sec compared to 300 sec for earth storable and solid fuels, giving a substantial payload advantage; for an
upper stage, with every one second increase in the specific impulse, the payload gain is of the order of 10 kg.
However, cryogenic stage is technically a very complex system compared to solid or earth-storable liquid
propellant stages due to the use of propellants at extremely low temperatures and the associated thermal and
structural problems. Oxygen becomes a liquid at 183 deg C and Hydrogen liquefies at 253 deg C. The
propellants, at these low temperatures, are to be pumped using turbo pumps running at 42,000 rpm. It also
entails complex ground support systems like propellant storage and filling systems, cryo engine and stage
test facilities, transportation and handling of the cryo fluids and related safety aspects.
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Cryogenic Upper Stage Project (CUSP) envisages design and development of the indigenous cryogenic
upper stage to replace the existing stage procured from Russia currently used in GSLV flights. CUSP
envisages the development of cryogenic stage with regenerative cooled engine, which produces a thrust of
69.5 kN in vacuum. As part of this effort, the cryogenic engines have been realized and tested earlier for a
cumulative duration of 6,000 sec. In the stage level hot test, all stage elements like engine, insulated
propellant tanks, booster pumps, fill and drain systems, pressurization systems, gas bottles, igniters, cold gas
orientation and stabilization system, etc, as per flight standards are working in unison.
During the year a major milestone was achieved with the hot test of Cryogenic Upper Stage on October 28,
2006 for a duration of 50 sec. This hot test has demonstrated the design adequacy and performance of the
integrated flight system, further tests for this flight unit are planned to validate robustness of the design.
After completion of the qualification tests, the indigenous cryogenic stage is planned to be flight tested in
GSLV- D3 mission next year.
GSLV-Mk III
GSLV-Mk III is envisaged to launch four ton satellite into geosynchronous transfer orbit. GSLV-Mk III is a
three-stage vehicle with a 110 ton core liquid propellant stage (L-110) and a strap-on stage with two solid
propellant motors, each with 200 ton propellant (S-200). The upper stage will be cryogenic with a propellant
loading of 25 ton (C-25). GSLV Mk-III will have a lift-off weight of about 629 ton and will be 42.4 m tall.
The payload fairing will have a diameter of 5 meter and a payload volume of 100 cubic meters.
During the year, wind tunnel tests were completed and vehicle aero-elastic test activities commenced. The
vehicle configuration update was completed. All major facilities including propellant plant, vehicle assembly
and integration building, mobile launch pedestal and facilities at work centers have reached the final phase of
completion. The L110 engine has been qualified with successful completion of 240 seconds hot tests.
First batch of light alloy structure and motor case segments were realized at work centers. The avionics
system designs have been completed and first batch of packages are being realized for qualification.
Avionics assemblies layout has been finalized and integration trials for package assembly are being carried
out.
The first developmental flight is expected in 2009-10.
Rohini Sounding Rockets
DOS has developed a series of sounding rockets known as Rohini (RH) with diameters ranging from 200 to
560 mm and capable of carrying up to 200 kg payload to 300-400 km altitude for conducting scientific
experiments. During the year (till December 2006), 22 RH-200 sounding rockets were launched including 20
for the Middle Atmosphere Dynamics (MIDAS) program. Two RH-300 Mk-II sounding rockets were
launched for mesospheric airglow emission studies.
Two RH-200 SV rockets were launched to test miniaturized payloads and four rockets were provided to
University of Tromso, Norway for scientific missions.
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During the year, static test of RH-560M motor with increased propellant loading has been conducted. This
new motor is to be used in RH-560M+RH-560M sounding rocket for demonstration of scramjet propulsion.
The configuration of this new rocket has also been finalized.
Space capsule Recovery Experiment (SRE-1)
Space capsule Recovery Experiment (SRE-1) was launched into a 635 km polar orbit along with
CARTOSAT-2 by PSLV-C7 on January 10, 2007. Weighing 550 kg, it was intended to demonstrate the
technology of orbiting platform for performing experiments in microgravity conditions and recover the same
after completion of the experiments. SRE-1 was also intended to provide important technology inputs in
navigation, guidance and control during the
re-entry phase, hypersonic aero-thermodynamics for reusable Thermal Protection System (TPS), recovery
through deceleration and floatation besides acquisition of basic technology for reusable launch vehicles.
SRE-1 carried two experiments, an Isothermal Heating Furnace [IHF] and a Biomimetic (Biomineralisation
of Inorganic materials) experiment.
SRE-1 comprised aero-thermo structure, spacecraft platform, and deceleration and floatation system besides
the micro-gravity payloads. It had a sphere-cone-flare configuration with a spherical nose of about 0.5 m
radius, base diameter of 2 m and 1.6 m height. The parachute, pyro devices, avionics packages of triggering
unit and sequencer, telemetry and tracking system and sensors for measurement of system performance
parameters were placed inside capsule.
SRE-1 was successfully maneuvered to deorbit and reenter the earth atmosphere on January 22, 2007. In
preparation for its reentry, SRE-1 was put into an elliptical orbit with a perigee of 485 km and an apogee of
639 km on January 19, 2007. The critical de-boost operations were executed from ISTRAC, Bangalore
supported by a network of ground stations at Bangalore, Lucknow, Mauritius, Sriharikota, Biak in Indonesia,
Saskatoon in Canada, Svalbard in Norway besides shipborne and airborne terminals.
The de-boost started with the firing of on-board rocket motors and SRE-1 was reoriented for its re-entry into
the dense atmosphere. The capsule made its re-entry at an altitude of 100 km with a velocity of 8 km/sec. By
the time SRE-1 descended to an altitude of 5 km, aerodynamic breaking had considerably reduced its
velocity to 101 m/sec. Pilot and drogue parachute deployments helped in further reducing its velocity to 47
m/sec. The main parachute was deployed at about 2 km altitude and finally, SRE-1 splashed down in the Bay
of Bengal with a velocity of 12 m/sec. Immediately after SRE-1 splashing into sea, the flotation system got
triggered and kept the capsule floating. Recovery operations were supported and carried out by the Indian
Coast Guard and Indian Navy using ships, aircraft and helicopters.
During its stay in orbit for 12 days, the two experiments on board SRE-1 were successfully conducted under
micro gravity conditions. One of the experiments was related to study of metal melting and crystallization
under micro gravity conditions. This experiment, jointly designed by the Indian Institute of Science,
Bangalore and Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, was performed in an Isothermal
Heating Furnace. The second experiment, designed by National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur, was
intended to study the synthesis of nano-crystals under micro gravity conditions.
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This experiment can help in designing better biomaterials having closest proximity with natural biological
products. The experimental results will be analyzed in due course by the principal scientific investigators of
the two experiments.
Technologies for Advanced Space Transportation
During the year activities towards the first flight of a Dual Mode Ramjet Flight Test Demonstrator (DMRJFTD) has made substantial progress. The static test of RH-560 sounding rocket solid propellant motor for
DMRJ-FTD has been conducted qualifying the pyrogen ignitor. Wind tunnel models have been realized and
tested up to Mach-4 and Mach-7. Detailed mission Monte-Carlo analysis has been carried out to obtain
required dwell time within the Mach number dynamic pressure window.
Supersonic Combustion Test using gaseous hydrogen and kerosene as fuels have continued during the year.
Air hydrogen combustion modeling has been incorporated in the in-house computational fluid dynamics
software PARAS-3D as a major step towards simulation of full SCRAMJET engine under flight
conditions.
Aerodynamics characterization, mission design and simulation, structural design, subsystem definitions and
Thermal Protection System (TPS) design for reusable launch vehicle technology demonstration have been
carried out during the year.
Launch Infrastructure
SDSC SHAR supported two launches PSLV-C7 on January 10, 2007 and earlier GSLV-F02 (shown
above) on July 10, 2006 during the year. SDSC also supported the Space Capsule Recovery operations.
Works related to S-200 solid propellant motor plant for GSLV-Mk III is in advanced stage of completion.
Vehicle assembly and test facility, range instrumentation and computer system facilities as well as propellant
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servicing facilities required for GSLV-Mk III have also made substantial progress during the year. Second
satellite preparation facility was commissioned at SDSC SHAR during the year.
Precision Coherent Monopulse C-band (PCMC) Radar-1 and PCMC Radar-2 have been commissioned in
permanent buildings.
Space Sciences
Under DOS, research in space sciences is mainly carried out at Physical Research Laboratory (PRL),
Ahmedabad, Space Physics Laboratory (SPL), Thiruvananthapuram, Space Astronomy and Instrumentation
Division (SAID) of ISRO Satellite Centre, Bangalore and National Atmospheric Research Laboratory
(NARL), Gadanki. Balloons, sounding rockets and satellite platforms as well as ground based facilities are
used for conducting the research activities. DOS also supports space science research in universities and
research institutions outside ISRO/DOS on the recommendations of the Advisory Committee for Space
Science (ADCOS). At national level DOS/ISRO sponsors as well as actively participates in internationally
coordinated scientific campaigns such as IGBP, CAWSES, IHY, etc.
Space Science Missions
Chandrayaan-1
Chandrayaan-1, scheduled during 2007-2008, is Indias first unmanned scientific mission to moon. The main
objective is the investigation of the distribution of various minerals and chemical elements and highresolution three-dimensional mapping of the entire lunar surface. ISROs Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle,
PSLV, will launch Chandrayaan-1 into a 240 km X 24,000 km earth orbit. Subsequently, the spacecrafts
own propulsion system would be used to place it in a 100 km polar orbit around the moon.
Indian payloads on board Chandrayaan-1:
A Terrain Mapping Camera (TMC), a Hyper Spectral Imager, a High-Energy X-ray spectrometer (HEX), a
Lunar Laser Ranging Instrument (LLRI) and a Moon Impact Probe (MIP).
Terrain Mapping Camera

and Hyper Spectral Imager
payload models for
Chandrayaan-1
ISRO and the National

Aeronautics
and
Space
Administration (NASA) of
USA have signed Memoranda
of Understanding (MOU)
during the year on inclusion of
two US scientific instruments
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on board Indias first mission to Moon, Chandrayaan-1. These instruments are - Mini Synthetic Aperture
Radar (Mini SAR) developed by Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University and funded by
NASA and Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3), jointly built by Brown University and Jet Propulsion
Laboratory of NASA. The two US instruments, Mini SAR and M3, were selected on the basis of merit out of
16 firm proposals from all over the world received in response to ISROs announcement of opportunity.
The main objective of Mini SAR is to detect water in the permanently shadowed areas of lunar polar regions.
The objective of M3 is the characterization and mapping of minerals on the lunar surface.
Scientific Instruments selected from ESA:
Chandrayaan-1 Imaging X-Ray Spectrometer (CIXS) from
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK, developed with
contribution from ISRO Satellite Centre; Near Infra-Red
Spectrometer (SIR-2) from Max Planck Institute,
Germany; and Sub keV Atom Reflecting Analyzer
(SARA) from Swedish Institute of Space Physics
developed in collaboration with ISROs Vikram Sarabhai
Space Centre. A RAdiation DOse Monitor (RADOM)
from the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences has also been
included.
During the year, spacecraft emulators developed by ISRO
have been delivered to NASA and ESA for interface
simulation with the scientific instruments. The interface
test with electrical models of M3, miniSAR, SIR-2 and
SARA Data Processing Units have been completed and
electrical equivalent models of M3 miniSAR, RADOM
and SARA have been received.
18 m diameter antenna set up for Chandrayaan-1 at
IDSN (right)
Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN):
Land has been acquired at Byalalu village near Bangalore for the establishment of IDSN, which will have an
18 m diameter antenna for tracking Chandrayaan-1, a 32 m diameter antenna for supporting Indias deep
space missions and an 11 m antenna for supporting the tracking requirements of ASTROSAT mission.
During the year installation of 18 m diameter antenna has been completed and installation of 32 m diameter
antenna is in progress. Augmentation of 64 m antenna at Bearslake, Russia for supporting Chandrayaan-1
mission is also under progress.
Indian Space Science Data Centre is being established by ISTRAC at the IDSN and at SCC complexes,
which will facilitate scientists to access the science data received from the scientific satellite missions.
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ASTROSAT
ASTROSAT project is aimed at design, development, fabrication and launch of an astronomical observatory
for studies of cosmic sources.
Scientific Objectives of ASTROSAT are:
Broad-band spectroscopic studies of X-ray binaries, supernova remnants, active galactic nuclei, galaxy
clusters etc.
Time variability studies of galactic and extra galactic sources including period sources such as pulsars
across optical/UV/X-ray wavelengths.
Highest angular resolution UV sky survey and study of UV sources.
Monitoring of the X-ray sky to study long-term behavior and for rapid detection of transient sources.
Complement of Instruments Carried by ASTROSAT:
Soft X-Ray Telescope (SXT) in the energy range of 0.3-10 keV
Cadmium Zinc Telluride imager for Hard
X-rays in the energy range of 10-100 keV
Large Area Xenon Proportional Counter (LAXPC) for X-rays in the energy range of 3-100 keV
Scanning Sky Monitor (SSM) for survey of sky in the energy range of 2-10 keV
Ultra Violet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) consisting of two telescopes one covering Far UV band and the
second sensitive in Near UV band and the Visible band wavelengths.
Charge Particle Monitor (CPM) as a part of the payload to control the operation of the LAXPC, SXT and
SSM.
ASTROSAT will be a national space observatory which will be available for astronomical observations to
researchers and to international astronomical community. All the data from ASTROSAT will be received by
a dedicated data reception station located at Bangalore. The science data, after processing, will be made
available to the different observers.
During the year, Mechanical configuration of ASTROSAT meeting the Field Of View (FOV) requirements
of all the payloads and bus elements has been completed. The preliminary structural analyses of all the
payloads have also been completed. The preliminary thermal analysis of the payloads has been completed.
Electronic Design and Mechanical Design Reviews of all the payload elements have been completed. The
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Preliminary Design Review of UVIT Detectors was completed. Preliminary design reviews for major
payloads LAXPC, CZT, SXT, and UVIT were completed.
ASTROSAT is planned to be launched by PSLV into an orbit of 650 km altitude in the year 2008-09.
Megha-Tropiques
Megha-Tropiques (Megha meaning cloud in Sanskrit and Tropiques meaning tropics in French) is aimed at
understanding the life cycle of convective systems and to understand their role in the associated energy and
moisture budget of the atmosphere in the tropical regions. ISRO and French National Space Centre (CNES)
signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) in 2004-05 to proceed with the development and
implementation of Megha-Tropiques. The satellite will carry the following scientific instruments:
Microwave Analysis and Detection of Rain and Atmospheric Structures (MADRAS), an Imaging
Radiometer to be developed jointly with ISRO.
SAPHIR, a six channel Humidity Sounder.
SCARAB, a four channel Scanner for Radiation Budget Measurement.
GPS-ROS - GPS Radio Occultation System to provide vertical profiles of temperatures and humidity of the
earths atmosphere.
ISRO will build the Megha-Tropiques spacecraft using IRS platform and launch it using PSLV into 867 km
high orbit at an inclination of 20 degrees with respect to the equatorial plane. ISRO will control the satellite
in orbit and also receive process and distribute the scientific data obtained from the satellite.
The launch of Megha-Tropiques is planned by 2009-2010.
During the year preliminary design review of SAPHIR and SCARAB, have been completed at CNES, France
and MADRAS has been completed. ISRO-CNES technical interface meeting was also held during the year.
Space Science Activities at Physical Research Laboratory (PRL)
PRL at Ahmedabad carries out research programs in astronomy and astrophysics, earth, planetary and space
sciences and basic sciences including high energy physics, nuclear physics, atomic and molecular physics,
quantum optics and quantum information.
Astronomy and Astrophysics:
The outburst of the eruptive variable V838 Monocerotis (V838 Mon) in early 2002 was unusual and
displayed an expanding spectacular light echo resulting from the scattering of the outward-propagating
radiation. The origin of light echo material is a subject of intense debate with two competing models
attributing it to circum-stellar material and alternatively to inter-stellar molecular clouds.
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Observations from space telescope have been used to study far-infrared wavelengths. A striking infrared
echo has been seen around V838 Mon. The comparison of far IR extended emission with optical light echo
pictures obtained by
Hubble Space Telescope (HST) shows strong spatial correlation. It is inferred that the diffuse nebulosity seen
in telescope images arises from the reprocessed thermal emission from the dust heated by the radiation from
the 2002 outburst of V838 Mon.
Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB) are intense flashes of high energy photons that occur randomly in the sky and
release high energy. Most of the energy is emitted in the photon energy range of 100 KeV to 1 MeV. The
visible and IR emission from GRBs results when the relativistically expanding fireball interacts with the
circum-burst medium giving rise to an afterglow. Most of the afterglows are faint and fade rapidly within a
day following a power law decay. On March 19, 2005 a bright near infrared flash was detected from the
afterglow of GRB 050319. The observations were made from 1.2 m Mt. Abu Infrared telescope and the flash
was found to fade rapidly in a very short time of four minutes. Presence of angular structure in the GRB
ejection or in the circumburst material or dust echoes around the progenitor have been suggested as
possibilities for the infrared flash.
V 1647 Orionis is a low mass young stellar object that had undergone an outburst in January 2004 releasing a
large reflection nebular matter named as Mc Neils nebula. Near-infrared photometric behavior since
February 2004 shows clearly that the object had faded away reaching nearly its pre-eruptive luminosities.
A comprehensive multi-wavelength study of a large field in the disk of the Milky Way has been carried out
and a 12 band catalog of stars towards a direction tangential to the spiral arms towards the inner Milky Way
generated. Distance and extinction have been estimated for a large fraction of the sources detected. Number
density as a function of distance has been derived and compared with existing CO spectral information.
Good correspondence is found between the spectrum and the stellar number density as a function of distance.
Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) is a large outburst of magnetized plasma from solar corona. CME event of
November 4, 2001 from its solar origin to terrestrial effects has been investigated. CME was associated with
a strong X-ray flare and a prominence eruption.
Udaipur Solar Observatory:
The first vector magnetograms measured with the prototype vector magnetograph instrument have been used
to find sensitivity of acoustic power to the inclination of the magnetic vector to the line-of-sight. A study of
the interplanetary properties of CME shows that the magnitude of a geomagnetic storm is strongly influenced
by the time for which the interplanetary-magnetopsheric coupling parameter is active and the magnetic
orientation of the cloud on the sun.
Polarization maps of the emission line corona during the total solar eclipse on March 29, 2006 from Southern
Turkey have been obtained.
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Solar X-ray Astronomy:

Investigation of unusual solar flares showing remote brightenings that occurred during August 2004 in a very
complex active region has revealed that interaction of loops is a possible mechanism for triggering of such
flares. Study of a large number of micro-flares has revealed Fe line feature at 6.7 keV. The X-ray spectra
show both thermal and non-thermal hybrid nature indicating micro-flares as potential candidates for coronal
heating.
Space and Atmospheric Sciences:

Observations of plasma depletions in 557.7 nm nightglow were made during solar maximum year (2002).
This was a new observation since 557.7 nm emission comes from the mesosphere and is not expected to
show plasma depletions which exist in the F-region. Numerical simulation shows that during the solar
maximum period, the thermospheric contribution to the integrated intensity of 557.7 nm at ground far
exceeds the mesospheric contribution after midnight.
An Equatorial Spread-F (ESF) event was observed on January 7, 2005 from Gadanki. It is found that the ESF
event got triggered during the pre-midnight hours by the rapid ascent of the equatorial F-layer brought forth
by the southward turning of the Z-component (Bz) of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field. The role of the
penetration of interplanetary electric field into the low latitude ionosphere during the space weather event
and its connection with this ESF event are being investigated.
Peak electron density and peak altitude at different east longitudes in the dayside ionosphere of Mars have
been calculated.
Planetary and Geosciences:
Li-Be isotope studies indicate that a stellar origin remains the most probable source of the now-extinct shortlived nuclides present in the early solar system. It has been shown that isotopic composition of N in
chondrules is different from their host meteorites for Ordinary Chondrites (OC) and Carbonaceous
Chondrites (CC), but similar for Enstatite Chondrites (EC). This result implies that precursors of chondrules
and host chondrite are different for OC and CC, while they are similar for EC. It also implies that nebular
process is more probable for the formation mechanism of OC and CC chondrules, while parent body process
will be more consistent for EC chondrules.
Trapped noble gas components have been delineated in carbonatites from Ambadongar, Sung Valley,
Hogenekal, Khambamettu and Sivattur. They reveal a mixture of mantle and enriched lithosphere, the later
introduced during melting by uprising magma and subsequent entrapment. Detailed tectonogeomorphic
evolution of the Kachchh region, Gujarat, has been established using field studies, remote sensing, digital
elevation models and luminescence dating. The study suggests an eastwards propagation of the Kachchh
mainland fault. In dry lands and deserts, Gypsum is a climate event marker that indicates the phases of
extreme desiccation. A method has been developed to date these deposits using electron spin resonance of
Gypsum and optically stimulated luminescence of quartz grains trapped in these deposits.
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Physical erosion rates over the Himalayan drainage of the Ganges have been determined and they range
between 1 to 6 mm per year. Highest erosion of 6 mm per year is in the Gandak basin resulting from high
stream power. High erosion in this drainage seems to be responsible for the high peaks situated on either side
of the gorge.
Studies of dissolved strontium in samples of Deccan and the Brahmaputra has been completed which show
that Deccan basalts can be an important contributor to the decline of strontium.
A gravity core from the equatorial Arabian Sea has been analyzed for paleo-monsoon proxies such as stable
oxygen, carbon and nitrogen isotopes, organic and inorganic carbon content. Results reveal that whenever
the north polar regions were cool, as seen in the Greenland ice cores, the Indian south west monsoon was
weak, and vice versa. It has been shown that the north-east monsoon did not intensify during the last glacial
maximum (21,000 years ago) as believed earlier but it intensified during the early deglacial period (17,00019,000 years ago).
Concentrations of water-soluble inorganic constituents, organic compounds and black carbon were
determined in bulk-aerosol samples collected on daily basis during wintertime from urban sites in north India
which has provided quantitative information on the physical and chemical state of dust and pollution
aerosols. This has implications on present-day understanding of the direct and indirect effects of aerosol
radiative forcing.
Theoretical Physics and Complex Systems:
Oscillations of atmospheric neutrinos have proved that the muon and tau neutrinos mix strongly with each
other. This implies that the basic interaction could be invariant under the mu and tau interchange symmetry.
The implications of this symmetry have been studied and it is proposed that this symmetry can be realized in
the case of quasi-degenerate neutrinos.
Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe measures variations in the temperature of the cosmic background
radiation across the sky. Temperature variations in the sky can be deduced from the quantum fluctuations
during inflation in the early universe. The connection between inflation and the cosmic background radiation
has been explored and shown that inflation must have lasted 10 percent longer than what was earlier
believed.
A novel mechanism to explain the origin of the observed baryon asymmetry in nature has been proposed. It
is pointed out that background gravitational field provides a medium which when coupled with the lepton
number violation can generate the baryon asymmetry in the universe.
An embedded random matrix ensemble has been developed for spinless fermion systems that model manybody chaos in nuclei. This forms the basis for statistical nuclear spectroscopy and also helps us in the study
of the structure of nuclei near the proton drip line.
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Quantum Optics and Quantum Information:

Nonlinear equations with variable coefficients describe a variety of physical systems. A general procedure to
solve them has been developed and applied to study the behavior of solutions in Bose-Einstein condensates
in the presence of time-dependent coupling and oscillator traps. General solutions of nonlinear Schrdinger
equation with source have been obtained. A wavelet based method is formulated and applied to random
matrix and atomic energy level data to find and characterize their multi-fractal behavior.
When rotational and vibrational motions are considered simultaneously, the revival dynamics of diatomic
molecular wave packets become more involved. It has been shown that for heavy molecules the rovibrational coupling can be ignored and the two types of motion can be decoupled whereas for a light
molecule they are strongly coupled.
A polychromatic vortex has an added advantage over its monochromatic counterpart in optical
communication as it has more capacity to carry information. A vortex in the laboratory has been generated
by using a spatially coherent light from a Quartz Tungsten Halogen lamp and diffracting it through a forked
holographic grating. The vortex was made to interfere with a tilted plane wave obtained from the same
source. The recorded fringes in the figure show a vortex of charge one. The visibility of fringes reveals that it
has a high degree of coherence for all the colors.
Space Science Activities at National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL)

A recent study using seven years of disdrometer data at NARL, Gadanki has shown significant differences in
microphysical characteristics of precipitation during southwest and northeast monsoon season. The number
of smaller (medium to bigger) drops is larger (smaller) in NE monsoon than in SW monsoon. This result has
an important implication on rainfall estimation of scanning weather radars and space-borne radar.
A large dust storm occurred over the Indus Valley on June 2006. Using ARIES-NARL lidar, an aerosol
analysis was conducted over the Manora peak, Nainital. This analysis found that 500 nm daily average
Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) values as high as 1.6 AOD consisted primarily of fine mode particles during
the dry monsoon phase, while the wet monsoon phase produced much lower 500 nm daily average values
near 0.1 AOD with coarse mode.
Recent studies with MST radar has revealed that during convection, in addition to the direct intrusion of
mass and other trace constituents across the tropopause, gravity wave activity would enhance the fluxes of
mass, energy and other trace constituents. The phase profiles of convectively generated gravity waves
obtained from three case studies show a constant phase in the middle troposphere indicating the possibility of
source in that region.
The vertical wind data obtained with MST radar have been used to retrieve the horizontal divergence profile,
which in turn is used to identify the convective outflow level. The level of convective outflows has been
compared with the lapse rate tropopause height, cold point tropopause height and the level of minimum
potential temperature gradient on a day-to-day basis to better understand the tropical tropopause
characteristics.
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Long-term MST radar observations have been used to study the variation of Hadley circulation in normal
years from that of in El-Nino year. It is evident that during 1997-98 El Nino event, anomalous pattern of
winds was seen and the Hadley circulation seemed to have weakened.
Sporadic Sodium layers (SSL) have been observed over NARL, Gadanki. Most of the SSLs at Gadanki were
seen in the height range of 91-98 Km with a maximum occurrence at 93 Km.
Continuous measurements of temperature at 50 km altitude, taken using Rayleigh Scatter Lidar during
November 1998 to March 1999, show substantial cooling in the upper stratosphere on December 23, 1998
and February 28, 1999. Correspondingly, it has been observed that during this period, a strong midwinter
warming occurred in the northern high latitude (65-90 N) stratosphere.
Using co-ordinate experimental observations during November 2002- June 2005, under ISROs Middle
Atmospheric Dynamics (MIDAS) program, an extensive study has been carried out to quantify the role of
gravity waves in driving the tropical Stratospheric Semiannual Oscillation (SSAO). Rayleigh Lidar
observations of middle atmospheric temperature over Gadanki is used for gravity wave studies and rocket
sonde wind measurements over Thiruvananthapuram is used for deriving the mean flow acceleration in the
30-60 km altitude region. Semi annual variation with maximum around equinoxes and minimum around
solstices is observed in the momentum fluxes of gravity waves. It is also seen that the gravity wave forcing
towards the mean flow acceleration varies significantly from cycle to cycle, which is attributed to the
seasonal variations in the strength of gravity wave sources.
Coordinated measurement of mesospheric electron density fluctuations on board sounding rocket from
Sriharikota and radar observations of mesospheric echoes from Gadanki have been made. The rocket-borne
Longmuir probe detected a spectrum of electron density irregularities over Sriharikota while MST radar
detected the presence of strong scattering layer. It is inferred that the observed irregularities were produced
through the neutral turbulence mechanism.
Vertical velocities of the 150 km echoes are found to be similar to the daytime F-region plasma drifts,
suggesting the potential of these echoes to estimate zonal electric field.
Quasi-Periodic (QP) echoes with periods less than five minutes continue to be a subject of intense
investigation worldwide due to the inherent problems explaining the periods in terms of their source. Recent
observations from NARL has revealed several important new aspects.
Space Science Activities at Space Astronomy and Instrumentation Division, ISAC, Bangalore
During the year, inputs were provided for a solar astronomy mission, Aditya-1, in conjunction with inputs
from scientists at Indian Institute of Astrophysics and Udaipur Solar Observatory. Development of a spectropolarimeter that can be used to study solar magnetic fields has been undertaken.
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Research activities using archived X-ray data from observatories around the world is continuing with focus
on using data from RXTE satellite to study spectral variability of X-ray source SWIFT J1753.5-0127. A
large data set containing the source outburst was analysed from RXTE satellite to address spectral variability
and come to conclusions on the nature of the compact object in this binary.
Under Naini Tal Cape Survey, a joint research activity between ISAC, State Observatory, Naini Tal and the
South African Observatory, identification of new rapidly oscillating Ap (roAp) stars in the northern
hemisphere is continuing. Optical observations for new roAp candidates have been made during September
and November at Kavalur and Naini Tal respectively.
ISRO Geosphere Biosphere Program (ISRO-GBP)
Ozone high in northern Bay
of Bengal (right)
Several new projects have
been evolved in the last five
years as part of phase-II
activities under ISRO-GBP.
These projects involve large
scale experimental campaigns
to study the regional scale
phenomena. During the year,
two major land aerosol
campaigns (March and May)
have been carried out. These
are some of the worlds
largest Integrated Campaign
for Aerosols, gases and
Radiation Budget (ICARB)
covering both land and
oceans.
ICARB, conducted using the Sagar Kanya Research Vessel (ORV-SK) of Department of Earth Sciences, for
a period of 55 days covering 25,000 km, involved about 130 scientists from 30 national institutions.
This experiment was supported by multi-platform studies involving 100 hrs of observations using NRSAs
aircraft at various altitudes from 500 m to 5 km synchronizing with the ship-based observations. The ship
carried about 30 instruments for studying the atmospheric composition with respect to physical and optical
properties of atmospheric aerosols, chemical properties and composition of aerosols, atmospheric trace gases
composition and transport, vertical distribution of ozone, atmospheric composition of black carbon and
boundary layer distribution.
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The preliminary results from the studies indicate a specific region of atmospheric aerosol high in the
northern Bay of Bengal predominantly of accumulation mode aerosol particles. This region, termed as Bay
of Bengal High, indicates a specific region being formed through atmospheric processes and transport from
the marine and continental sources of atmospheric aerosols. The persistence of such Bay of Bengal High
region is also confirmed from the satellite based observations. The region is also found to be high in respect
of surface ozone. Further investigations are continuing.
In the coming years, it is proposed to converge the presently ongoing 85 projects under ISRO-GBP into 12
specific major project themes, namely, aerosol radiative forcing over India; atmospheric trace gases and
transport over India; atmospheric dust, composition and transport modeling; atmospheric boundary layer
characterization; energy and mass exchange in vegetative systems; vegetation and soil flux measurements;
land use land cover dynamics and impact of human dimensions in the Indian river basins; multi proxy
quantitative paleo monsoon reconstruction for past 21,000 years bp; regional climate modeling and impact
on agriculture and hydrology; vegetation carbon pool assessment; soil carbon pool assessment and; small
satellite mission proposal and utilization.
Atmospheric Science Program
Atmospheric Science Program has been initiated to use the potential of space systems to provide
observations of the atmospheric system. The objective is to maximize use of satellite data in projects related
to atmospheric sciences leading to operational applications and generation of products and services.
In order to meet the requirement of reliable and accurate weather predictions in time scales of few hours to
few days for supporting satellite launches from SDSC SHAR, a project, Prediction of Regional Weather
using Observational Network and Modeling (PRWONOM) has been initiated. A mesoscale network for
region covering SHAR-Kalpakkam-Bangalore is being established using Automatic Weather Stations
(AWS), Met Towers and Doppler Weather Radars (DWR) at Chennai and SDSC SHAR. Mesoscale data
assimilation on real time basis using conventional and non-conventional data has been undertaken at SDSC
SHAR, Kalpakkam, Bangalore and SAC. Two campaigns have been carried out and forecast issued.
Indigenous development of AWS with sensors for pressure, temperature, humidity, wind, radiation and
rainfall is progressing well. Over 100 AWS have been installed so far under ISRO Geosphere Biosphere
Program, Disaster Management Support, PRWONAM, Radar calibration, etc. Indigenous development of
GPS Sonde has progressed well with a few demonstrative flights along with low cost receiver showing
encouraging results. A prototype version of indigenous Agromet tower has been made through industry
interface and the same is undergoing tests. Algorithms and software package have been developed for
retrieval of various parameters from INSAT/Kalpana-1 data such as cloud top temperature, cloud motion
vectors, outgoing long wave radiation, rainfall, etc, and the package has been installed at IMD for
operational use. Work has been initiated for geophysical parameter retrieval from INSAT 3D imager and
sounder payload. Several application projects are in progress using data from INSAT/Kalpana-1 and other
satellites. Multi-agency Application Projects has been initiated for improved forecast of severe weather
events, atmospheric correction models, GPS retrieval of atmospheric parameters, weather, Ocean-landatmosphere interactions.
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DWR development has been streamlined with a full-fledged calibration exercise jointly with IMD. GPS
Occultation activities, which have wide applications in climate, space weather and atmospheric modeling,
have been taken up in a project mode.
Space Science Program

In addition to space science research activities being pursued at PRL, SPL, NARL and SAID/ISAC, specific
individual, nationally coordinated, multi-institutional, science payload instrumentation and science mission
development projects in atmospheric and space science areas are supported and implemented by ISRO
through the recommendations of ISROs Advisory Committee for Space Sciences (ADCOS).
Some of the main activities carried out in space science research projects / programs through ADCOS are
summarized below:
Planetary Science and Exploration (PLANEX) Program:

The Planetary Science and Exploration (PLANEX) program was initiated during October 2001 with PRL as
nodal institution, to catalyze and nucleate research groups in planetary sciences in universities and research
institutions in the country to develop human resources in the area of planetary research particularly towards
the realization of the scientific goals of Chandrayaan-1 and future planetary missions/exploration. The main
elements of PLANEX include: (a) Selection and financial support to research projects in national
institutes/universities: fifteen research projects are at various stages of completion at IITs, national
laboratories and universities; (b) Analysis of soil samples from moon, comets, meteorites, etc, State-of-theart instruments for preparation of the samples and their characterization are being established at PRL in a
phased manner. X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, plasma mass spectrometer, electron probe micro-analyzer,
noble gas mass spectrometer will be ready for use by 2007; (c) Conduct of national training workshops
including hands on experience in data processing and analysis.
ASTROSAT:
Multi-wavelength Observations of Stellar Sources
TAUVEX Data Processing:
Tel Aviv University Ultraviolet Experiment (TAUVEX) payload developed by the Israel Space Agency
(ISA) will be carried on board GSAT-4. The payload will provide an opportunity to survey the sky in 3
bands in the UV wavelength as part of scientific mission for the observation of stellar and galactic objects.
The Indian scientific group at the Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore has developed the TAUVEX
data processing pipeline system for generating high level data products, associated software development,
short term/long term data storage and data dissemination activities.
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Indian RT-2 Experiment on-board Russian CORONOS-PHOTON satellite: The technology/engineering

model of phoswich / CZT detector payload system developed jointly at TIFR, Mumbai, Centre for Space
Physics (CSP), Kolkata and ISRO for the Russian Satellite mission was delivered to the Russian side. The
Indian team participated and successfully completed the satellite interface test and evaluation activities in
Russia.
The fabrication of qualification model of RT-2 payload is in an advanced stage of completion. A science
utilization meeting was held by a committee constituted by Tata Institute of Fundamental Research.
CAWSES INDIA Program:
Climate and Weather of Sun-Earth System (CAWSES) is an ongoing international scientific program
launched by Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP) during 2004-2008 with a view to
link the worlds scientists in a cooperative effort to study the Sun-Earth interactive phenomena covering all
salient aspects. ISRO has approved the CAWSES-India program for the participation of Indian scientific
community in the field of solar-terrestrial science.
A total of 23 individual projects have been selected from large number of participating
institutions/universities and supported under the Indian CAWSES program. In addition two multiinstitutional and multi-technique campaign experiments on (a) short term variability of Mesosphere-Lower
Thermosphere (MLT) system and (b) characterization of tidal and gravity waves have been completed and
data analysis workshops held. The overall coordination of the nation wide program is being carried out by
the Steering Committee and four Working Groups headed by leading scientists in the fields.
Microgravity Science/Experiment:
A Program Office for coordinating the National Microgravity Research Program (NMRP) is functioning at
the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore under the directions of the National Coordinator from IISc
identified by ISRO. The elements of the coordinated program include identification of long term
requirements for specialized laboratory facilities to undertake simulation studies and space payload
instrumentation development to conduct experiment in microgravity environment, organization of awareness
program including training workshops, short term schools etc., organize brain storming sessions for
generating novel proposals for microgravity experiments. With NMRP initiatives, two experiments from
National Metallurgical Laboratory (NML), Jamshedpur and Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore were
selected and supported for development. Both the experiment/payloads have been successfully launched and
operated on board SRE-1. Under another project the levitation facility is being set up at IIT, Chennai which
would be operated as a national facility under NMRP.
Middle and Upper Atmospheric Studies (MIDAS):

MIDAS program was initiated during November 2002 with SPL as the nodal institution and with the
participation of PRL, IMD, NARL, Cochin University, etc. The program involves launching of fortnightly
RH-200 meteorological rockets from TERLS for a period of five years (2002-2007) along with ground-based
observations using LIDAR, MST radar and Partial Reflection Radar facilities. So far, 139 RH-200 rockets
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and high altitude balloons have been launched and ground based observations carried out from different
locations over the equatorial region.
A 15 day long campaign mode of coordinated observations was carried out for the first time from various
Indian stations during January 20 to February 8, 2006, to understand the tropical response of Sudden
Stratospheric Warming (SSW) phenomenon and associated evolution of the temperature and circulation
changes in the middle atmosphere over the Indian region. After four days of peak of SSW an increase in
temperature has been observed using Lidar in the 50-55km height region over Gadanki. Analysis of data
collected from various experiments and detailed study on this topic is in progress.
Coherent Radio Beacon Experiment (CRABEX):
CRABEX is a national project initiated during 2001-2002, with the involvement of various National
Institutes and Universities, for the study of low latitude ionosphere through the technique of tomography.
CRABEX network for tomography is operational at six ground stations covering the latitudinal range
8.5 degree N to 29 degree N along the 77 degree E to 79 degree E meridian. This chain constitutes
topographic network of stations covering the trough region and going well beyond the crest of Equatorial
Ionization Anomaly (EIA). Another ground station has also been made operational at Waltair in Andhra
Pradesh. The data obtained using the low earth orbit satellites so far have been used to study the seasonal
variability in the strength as well as latitudinal asymmetry of EIA over India.
Measurements using the new receiver system developed for receiving the 150 MHz, 149 MHz, 400MHz and
399 MHz beacon transmissions on board GSAT-2 has been used to determine the temporal variation of TEC
and Faraday rotation.
Space Science Research in Universities:

S.K. Mitra Centre for Research in Space Environment:
The first phase of ISRO sponsored four research projects at S.K. Mitra Centre for Research in Space
Environment have been completed at Calcutta University. The topics of study covered emission of
greenhouse gases from agricultural fields, aerosol and other trace gases from urban and remote areas of West
Bengal, Radio Remote Sensing of Tropical Atmosphere, Atmospheric Electricity, and Space Weather. In all
16 papers have been published and 47 papers presented at various conferences and symposia.
Study of air space pollutants at S.K. University, Anantpur:
The specialized chemical analysis laboratory, established with state-of-the-art equipments like Gas analyzers,
Quartz Crystal Microbalance for air particle analysis, High Volume Sampler for measuring suspended
particulates and with field instruments such as Automatic Weather Station, Multi-wavelength Radiometer
has been carrying out observations on various atmospheric pollutants, aerosol etc, along with measurement
of meteorological parameter at S.K. University, Anantapur. The study results have been presented in
conferences and a few scientific papers have been published in journals.
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M.N. Saha Centre for Space Studies, Allahabad University:

Four research projects are supported at the Centre for carrying out research in space science, technology and
applications. Studies using Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) spectra have been shown as good indicators for
early detection of different kinds of stress exhibited by vegetation. Utilizing MST radar observations for the
estimation of flux through the tropopause using vertical velocity profiles and estimation of the momentum
flux between Stratosphere-Troposphere estimated with the atmospheric waves of different periods have a lot
of importance to middle atmosphere studies. Several quantum mechanical properties of the radiation have
been investigated and scientific results were presented in conferences and published in journals.
Astronomy Olympiad:
As part of space science popularization program, the Eleventh International Astronomy Olympiad was
organized jointly with DAE for the first time in India at Mumbai during November 2006. On a regular basis,
the National Astronomy Olympiad for senior school children was supported by ISRO and DAE and
conducted through Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education, Mumbai.
National Space Science Symposium (NSSS-06):
The XIV NSSS-06 was organized at Andhra University in February, 2006.
Sponsored Research
Under the Sponsored Research Program (RESPOND), DOS supports research and developmental projects,
educational programs and other scientific activities at the academic institutions and autonomous R and D
laboratories in the country. The focus is in space technology, science and applications which are directly
relevant to Indian space program. RESPOND also supports basic research, which will have futuristic
linkages with Indian space program. Advanced technology research in the areas of space technology and
science is also carried out in five Space Technology Cells (STC) established at premiere institutions like
Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT) at Mumbai, Kanpur, Kharagpur and Chennai and Indian Institute of
Science (IISc).
Joint research is also being undertaken with University of Pune in areas of core competence of the University
which are of relevance to Indian space program. RESPOND also supports educational promotion programs
to enthuse youngsters to pursue space science and technology. The prime objective is to strengthen the
space-academia interaction for generation of a wider infrastructure and research base and developing quality
scientific/technical human resources.
During the year, ten sponsored projects have culminated with meaningful conclusions. They are
related to:
(1) magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling
(2) structural optimization of launch vehicle components,
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(3) study of vector plasma drift at the equatorial ionosphere

(4) development of ultra high temperature sensor,
(5) study of faunal bio-diversity at Sriharikota island and its surroundings,
(6) urban environmental issues,
(7) improvement in image quality and classification,
(8) cadastral level information for natural assessment using remote sensing data,
(9) soft computing approaches to image analysis and
(10) integrating remote sensing data, GIS and hydrological modeling for assessment of rural water supplies.
Forty new projects at 35 academic institutions were initiated during the year. The projects initiated in
space science are related to:
(1) advanced studies in atmospheric sciences,
(2) temperature anomaly and midnight temperature maximum in low latitude thermosphere,
(3) development of artificial neural network scheme to TAUVEX,
(4) study on the variability of total electron content near the crest of the equatorial anomaly in the Indian
zone,
(5) analytical modeling and numerical simulations of the quasi periodic oscillations of black hole candidates,
(6) study of grain chemistry in relation to the formation of complex molecules in collapsing molecular
clouds,
(7) anomalous phenomena C3H and C3D cyclic molecules and
(8) spectral and temporal analysis of the observed data from to black hole candidates.
The projects in space technology are related to:
(1) fabrication and characterization of organic solar cells,
(2) elastomer-based polymer nano composites for control system bladders,
(3) development of multi-frequency solar temperature profile measurement,
(4) numerical and experimental analysis of carbon phenollic composite shells under impact,
(5) finite element model updating based on experimental test results,
(6) development radiation resistance polyamides,
(7) stress corrosion studies on A1-alloys,
(8) development of emulsion polymerization process for aerylonitrile-methyl acrylate iraconic acid
terpolymers,
(9) conversion of light to electricity by the photosensitization of nano-crystalline TiO2 by light harvesting
metallodendritic supramolecular assemblies,
(10) theoretical and experimental investigation of thermal contact resistance at the interfaces of thermal
insulation systems and structural assemblies,
(11) Laser Assisted Disposition (LAD) of thermal barrier coatings for space shuttle applications,
(12) toughening studies of epoxy resins,
(13) development of polymer wovenglass based low permittivity and low weight microwave substrate,
(14) segmented polyurethane based nano-composites from functionalized nano-clays with special reference
to fire and flammability properties,
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(15) safe and effective water harvesting site selection model based on critical slope analysis using remote
sensing,
(16) development of EMI shielding/static charge dissipating materials from electrically conducting
PANICNs for space applications,
(17) inverse heat conduction,
(18) effect of processing on properties of polymer composites by microwave curing,
(19) synthesis and characterization of organophilic nano clays,
(20) development of nano-linear membrane elements with wrinkles and slack regions for design/analysis of
inflatable structures and
(21) development of plus tube cryocooler.
The projects supported in space applications are:
(1) monitoring of post tsunami malariogenic conditions in Car-Nicobar Island using satellite remote sensing,
(2) development of a simulator for airborne altimetric LIDAR,
(3) precision farming techniques in sugarcane cultivation,
(4) mapping and exploration of low-grade iron ore deposits in the northern districts of Tamil Nadu,
(5) cost effective smart antenna for mobile broadband applications,
(6) analysis of errors made by operators during digital mapping from cognitive style perspective,
(7) bioremediation of water contaminated with industrial effluents,
(8) development of photocol for vector borne schistosimiasis using remote sensing and GIS,
(9) control or flexible and reconfigurable parabolic antenna using smart actuations and
(10) quantitative study of evolution of mesoscale convective system by Doppler weather radar and its
application.
ISRO has established six Space Technology Cells at IISc, Bangalore, IIT, Madras, IIT, Bombay, IIT, Kanpur
and IIT, Kharagpur to carry out advanced research and development activities in selected space technology
areas of direct relevance to space program. The projects are guided jointly by academicians and DOS experts
in the filed and are periodically reviewed by joint policy committees consisting of DOS experts and
Academicians.
The projects initiated at STC, IISc, Bangalore are related to:
(1) study on optimization of friction stir welding parameters for welding aluminum alloy,
(2) robust optimization approaches for two-class classification problem when data has missing values,
(3) measurement of convective surface heat transfer rates in the base region of a re-entry capsule at
hypersonic mach number,
(4) an exploratory study on micro-machined micro-strip patch antennas on semiconductor substrates,
(5) active clamped DC to DC converters for high efficiency,
(6) studies on high energy density super-capacitors,
(7) finite element-based techniques for nonlinear analyses of membranes with wrinkles under dynamic
conditions,
(8) studies on damage mechanics and residual strength evaluation of composite structures for reuse,
(9) effect of inertia on macroscopic response of layered composites,
(10) optimal design of axially symmetrical stiffened thin shell structures under buckling criteria,
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(11) analysis and design of Stewart platform based force-torque sensor,

(12) trajectory optimization with path constrained high index differential algebraic equations and application
to reusable launch vehicle.
The projects initiated at IIT, Kharagpur are:
(1) lunar gravity model and topography determination using ground based observations and laser altimetry
data,
(2) design and fabrication of high sensitivity micro-machined silicon tunneling accelerometer with micro-g
resolution,
(3) design development of integrated porous silicon based pressure sensor,
(4) design of an optimal control strategy for GSLV-MK III,
(5) development of advanced electromagnetic interference shielding materials from carbon nanotube filled
polymer composites,
(6) design and development of analog to digital and digital to analog converter,
(7) design of hardware accelerator for Gabor filter bank based image processor and its implementation,
(8) antenna patterns on satellite in orbit model and
(9) development and characterization of A-D converters and application of chaos in dcdc converters for
reduction of EMI.
The projects initiated at STC, IIT, Madras are:
(1) impedance tube technique for the measurement of driving provided by solid propellants during
combustion instabilities,
(2) stability analysis of large solid rocket motors,
(3) development of high strength ultra fine grain aluminum alloys through cryo-rolling,
(4) investigation of microstructure and mechanical properties of beta titanium alloys (15-3) weldments,
(5) development of MEMS based micro valves,
(6) modeling of kerosene combustion in a strut based SCRAMJET combustor and study of cavity assisted
mixing combustion,
(7) software libraries for planners and schedulers,
(8) turbulent mixing of multiple round jets,
(9) development of an efficient global swe model coupled with a short wave model,
(10) water energy dynamics of a space capsule,
(11) design of knowledge management system architecture,
(12) micro-lidar studies on tropospheric aerosols and clouds.
The projects initiated at STC, IIT, Bombay are:
(1) identification and control of slosh phenomenon,
(2) nonlinear control strategies for launch vehicles,
(3) processing, fracture toughness and damage mechanics studies on metal matrix composites for space and
launch vehicle applications,
(4) analytical and experimental investigation of boiling heat transfer in micro-channels and microtubes,
(5) development of a plasma atomic layer deposition system for growing high-k metal oxide nanolaminates
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(6) content based image retrieval, remote sensing, image matching pyramidal and tiled data structures, multiresolution search.
The project initiated at STC, IIT, Kanpur are:
(a) electromagnetic modeling of beam forming network for high power application,
(b) design and fabrication of organic semi conductors and potential application in solar cells,
(c) a computational investigation into the enhanced damping behavior of polymer nano tube and nano
particle composites,
(d) of transitional and turbulent flow over cone cylinder configuration,
(e) fabrication characterization and damage tolerance of thermoplastic nano composites blades for structural
applications at adverse atmosphere,
(f) droplet flow interaction in recirculating turbulent flow,
(g) development of a hybrid pulsed plasma jet micro thruster and
(h) nonlinear optimal guidance and control of a lifting re-entry vehicle.
The projects initiated by STC at University of Pune are:
(1) nano-particle polymer resistive composites,
(2) plasma sprayed stabilized zirconia functionally graded thermal barrier coatings,
(3) nano-particles as sensors for pollutant gases,
(4) simulation of optical properties of metal nano-particles polymer composites,
(5) theoretical and experimental investigations on residual stress in aerospace structures induced due to
various manufacturing processes like welding case hardening etc,
(6) feasibility study for fabrication of sensitive hand held magnetometer and its use for surveying near Pune
geomagnetic rock system,
(7) development of teaching learning material for computer programming, integrated with its mathematical
and linguistic foundations,
(8) application of artificial neural networks for non-destructive fault detection and
(9) prototyping microwave network analyzer attachment for the non-destructive microwave complex
permitivity measurement of materials.
In addition to the research and development, DOS has supported five Chairs at: Indian Institute of Science,
Bangalore National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bangalore, IIT Kharagpur, Pune University and
Bangalore University. During the year, DOS has supported 107 scientific activities, which included
conferences, symposia, educational and promotional activities in space science, and application and
technology areas of importance to space.
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Space Industry Partnership

Introduction
Over the past several years, the Indian space industry has made significant forays, notable amongst which are
space based services in the fields of telecommunications and broadcasting and application of space
technology in the areas of telemedicine and tele-education. The policies adopted by DOS have been
instrumental in commercializing the space program for national development. It is envisaged that this
buoyant space market would provide opportunities for DOS to participate in the global market for spacecraft
and related launch service technology.
Association of more than 500 small, medium and large scale industries with DOS which has been a key
feature of space industry partnership and this is a result of gradual nurturing of the symbiotic relationship
over the past years. Active co-operation in the form of procurement control, know-how transfers and
provision of technical consultancy has enabled DOS to meet the increasing challenge of advanced
technology and handling complex manufacturing jobs.
With the increasing demand in space products and services internationally, DOS is striving to build on
partnership between its commercial arm, ANTRIX Corporation and the industries. So far, 279 technologies
have been transferred to industries for commercialization and 270 technical consultancies have been
undertaken by DOS in various fields.
Technology Transfer
During the year, know-how for seven technologies were licensed to Indian industries for commercialization,
bringing the total to 279 technologies transferred to industries in small, medium and large scale sectors. The
technologies span a wide spectrum ranging from electro-mechanical, chemical and optics, hardware to
specialized software and find applications for industrial and societal purposes including several spin- offs.
The technologies transferred during the year include: high temperature resin, manufacturing various types of
vibration isolators and adhesive systems for use as sealants and potting compounds, Vinyl Terminated Poly
Dimethyl Siloxane (VT-PDMS), Bismaleimide resin (BIM-1000), Thermal Pads and Acramid (a dental
composite).
Product ionization of breach system pyro devices has been taken up. Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)
for the development and scale up of polyimide foam was signed during the year. MOU for silica tiles
processing facility was finalized. OLFEX, the fire extinguishing powder is being widely used by the
petroleum and gas industry. PARAS software is well accepted as a powerful simulation tool in aerospace
industry. Slip-ring components were supplied to the licensee as handholding during the technology
adaptation phase. An MOU was entered into for development of satellite based internet protocol interactive
system. A technical presentation on sparse area communication system was organized for the benefit of
prospective licensees. The educational version of FEAST software was provided to engineering student
community in colleges.
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Indigenous development of Automatic Weather Station (AWS) with sensors for pressure, temperature,
humidity, wind, radiation and rainfall is progressing well. Over 100 AWS have been installed so far with the
objective of maximizing use of satellite data in projects related to atmospheric sciences and leading to
operational applications and generation of products and services. AWS data is being used for various user
applications for ISRO Geosphere Biosphere Program, Disaster Management Support, PRWONAM, Radar
calibration, etc.
Several new technologies were identified as potential candidates for transfer. Among them are: device for
inspection of flat honeycomb sandwich panels, remote operated fastening system, vacuum bagging, pollution
tester, holography testing apparatus, Satellite based Internet Protocol Interactive System, Sparse Area
Communication System, PC Add-on Software for Interactive Distance Education System, Burst Modulator
for Hub station, Automatic abrading machine, etc.
Patents and Copyrights
Changes in the Intellectual Property Right (IPR) regime in the international scenario have impact on the
Indian space program. Against this backdrop of international scenario, DOS has taken steps to safeguard the
innovations across its various centers and to initiate relevant measures to increase patent productivity
amongst its scientists and engineers. With emphasis being given towards patent literacy amongst DOS
scientific community, there is an increase in the patent registrations across DOS centers. Workshops, training
programs, tutorials and lectures have been organized during the year. Concerted efforts are being made for
monitoring patent applications and patent alerts are being circulated amongst DOS centers. Initiatives are
undertaken for identifying and processing various technologies developed in-house for their intellectual
property registration. Thrust is being accorded to commercial licensing of IPRs through appropriate licensing
agreements.
The patent portfolio now consists of 190 patents, 10 trademarks and 21 copyrights. Twenty patent
applications have been filed during the year, in coatings technology, opto-mechanical, electronics, etc.
Significant among the national patents granted during the year include those related to synthetic aperture
radar signal for extended azimuth coverage and anodizing of aluminum alloys with impurities of iron bearing
inter-metalics. Patent applications related to silica composite, wind profile studies and mechatronic test rigs,
etc, and are being processed. Besides patent filings, DOS scientists are being urged to obtain appropriate
copyright protection for the software developed and being utilized for various applications. During the year,
one copyright application was registered and four applications were filed.
Market Survey and System Studies
Summer assignments are undertaken as an initiative to gather market information on technologies/products
developed by DOS. Preliminary market studies, study projects and short term assignments pertaining to
various technologies and areas of interest to DOS have continued. During the year, eleven new summer
assignments were taken up. Market survey of ceramic substrate and Doppler Weather Radar (DWR) systems
were carried out. Studies related to cost-benefit analysis, costing methodology and strategy for international
marketing were also conducted.
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Technology Consultancy
DOS continues to provide technical consultancy to industries and institutions in diverse areas of its expertise.
So far, more than 270 consultancy assignments have been undertaken benefiting a number of industries in
the small, medium and large scale sectors. DOS expertise in niche areas such as DWR has been utilized by
industries. Assignments involving the use of remote sensing applications for the preparation of survey of
land for wind farms, land use/land cover change detection studies, etc, were undertaken during the year.
Consultancy and training programs on high reliability microwave integrated circuits assembly and quality
control for fabricators and inspectors were conducted during the year. In order to extend DOS facilities for
external requirements, several assignments on testing and qualification of hardware and subsystems from
aerospace and R and D institutions and other industries were supported, using special test facilities of DOS
like vibration, thermo-vacuum and compact antenna test facility. Consultancy support was also extended to
public sector undertakings in specialized areas such as failure analysis.
Technology Utilization/Vendor Development
In line with DOS policy of striving for a close partnership with the Indian industries, the level of industry
involvement has been steadily increasing over the years, especially in important projects like INSAT, GSAT,
RISAT, SRE and CARTOSAT-2. New industries are being identified for taking up work related to ground as
well space segments. DOS industry policy continues to be driven by the need to encourage greater
participation by industries, thereby allowing itself to concentrate on core areas of research and development.
In the spacecraft segment, efforts continue to be devoted towards maximizing industry participation to
realize cost effective and reliable spacecraft hardware elements.
Some of the major spacecraft elements that are being realized through qualified vendors include solar panel
and batteries, pulsating heat pipes for thermal control and radiation coolers for meteorological imaging
instruments. Thermal analysis of spacecraft is being outsourced to industries. Some of the spacecraft
hardware such as optical solar reflectors, spacecraft mechanism elements for solar panel hinge assemblies,
precision components for array deployment, solar array wing deployment mechanism sub-assemblies,
bonded film lubrication for spacecraft mechanism components and development of cryo-refrigerator for
cooling thermal infrared detectors are the significant areas where industries are associated. Facilities have
been established at an aerospace industry for electroless nickel plating and electroplating of nickel for large
size panels.
Industry contribution continues in spacecraft power systems and assembly and integration of spacecraft.
Batteries for INSAT program and solar panels with multi junction solar cells are being produced by industry.
They are also involved in the development of electro-optical payloads. Development of Carbon Fiber
Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) components for sat-com antennas and feeds has been taken up by a few
industries.
In the electronics area, a number of flight hardware packages are being fabricated through industries. Good
progress was made on realization and supplies of space-quality multilayer PCBs, electronic power
conditioner units for TWTA, high power connectors, S-band switch matrix, Ku-band receivers and C-band
driver amplifiers. Vendors have been qualified for work on assembly line and workmanship for PCB
assembly with Surface Mount Devices (SMD) and through-hole components. Fabrication of a variety
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communication systems such as transponders, Transmit Receive Module (TRM), Power Conditioning and
Processing Unit (PCPU), Double sided PCBs, Transmitters, TMTC hardware, DC-DC Converters,
Indigenous crystal oscillators, Hybrid Micro circuits, etc are being carried out in industry. Development of
miniaturized electronics in the form of multilayer boards, hybrid microcircuits and Application Specific
Integrated Circuits (ASIC) are also undertaken in industry. Vendor development activities were carried out in
a number of areas pertaining to specialized coatings on PCBs, assembly and fabrication of electronic
packages, package level audit, composite components and bonded film lubrication of spacecraft components.
In the liquid propulsion area, the magnitude of industry contributions has grown in tune with the needs of
operational flights of both PSLV and GSLV. Liquid stage control system modules have been contracted to
industries for regular production and supply. Liquid stage engines continue to be realized through industry.
Industry has also been identified for the fabrication of control thruster valves for spacecraft.
Export Promotion
Antrix Corporation of DOS is marketing space products and services in the global market. Marketing efforts
has resulted in sufficient inroads being made in the international market for Indian remote sensing satellite
data and services area. Twenty four stations including USA (10) and Russia (4), across the globe now receive
IRS data. In addition to RESOURCESAT-1 and CARTOSAT-1 and the latest satellite, CARTOSAT-2, have
further enhanced the scope and continuity of Indian earth observation satellite data services. The world
archive of satellite data is being created through the archive station at Svalbard, Norway, which has been
used as a virtual ground station for processing of CARTOSAT-1 data. A number of resellers have been
appointed for data sale to countries including Canada, Greece and Turkey.
RESOURCESAT-1 data has been supplied to US Department of Agriculture for global crop acreage
program. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has cleared Antrix participation
in the Eagle Eye program.
Significant progress has been achieved in the marketing of transponder capacity of INSATs for applications
encompassing TV broadcasting, VSAT, DSNG applications, etc. New services such as DTH are attracting
Indian service providers. The Solar Sail and boom mechanism supplied to a Japanese satellite program has
successfully functioned. The teaming agreement entered into with EADS Astrium for joint manufacture of I2000 and I-3000 based satellite platforms for the telecommunications market has fructified into two
commercial satellite contracts, W2M for Eutelsat and Highly Adaptable Satellite (HYLAS) for a European
customer.
Mission support services were provided to satellites belonging to World Space and World Sat of USA.
Launch and Early Orbit Operations (LEOP) support was also provided. Along with CARTOSAT-2, LAPANTUBSAT from Indonesia and PEHUENSAT-1 from Argentina were also launched under commercial
agreements. AGILE spacecraft from Italy is slated for launch by PSLV in 2007. Another launch service
agreement has been entered into with University of Toronto for launch of a cluster of six nano satellites as
piggyback payloads.
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In recognition of its outstanding export performance, Antrix Corporation was awarded Star Performer
small enterprises for the year 2004-2005 by the Engineering Export Promotion Council (EEPC), Southern
Region.
Important Agreements Signed During the Year
DOS continues to forge bilateral and multilateral relations with space agencies and space related bodies with
the aim of taking up new scientific and technological challenges, defining international frameworks for
exploitation and utilization of outer space for peaceful purposes, refining space policies and building and
strengthening existing ties with other countries. DOS also takes interest in providing expertise and services
for helping other developing countries in the applications of space technology.
Formal Memoranda of Understanding (MOU) or Agreements are in place with Australia, Brazil, Brunei
Darussalam, Canada, China, EUMETSAT, European Space Agency (ESA), France, Germany, Hungary,
Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mauritius, Mongolia, Myanmar, the Netherlands, Norway, Peru, Russia,
Sweden, Thailand, U.K., Ukraine, U.S.A and Venezuela.
During the year, two memoranda of understanding (MOUs) between ISRO and National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA) of United States were signed on cooperation concerning NASAs Miniature
Synthetic Aperture Radar Instrument and Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) Instrument on board ISROs
Chandrayaan-1 mission. The second Joint Working Group on space cooperation between India and USA is
proposed to be held in 2007 towards renewing and strengthening the process set in motion by the Prime
Minister of India and the President of USA in 2001.
Other Important Agreements Signed During the Year:
Agreement between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the Russian
Federation on the Indian access to navigation signals of the Russian Global Navigation Satellite System
GLONASS for peaceful purposes.
Agreement between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the Russian
Federation on Indian access to a part of the Russian Global Navigation Satellite System GLONASS Radio
Frequency Spectrum.
India and Russia have made progress in their cooperation in the development and use of the Russian
GLONASS navigation satellite program. Two agreements have been signed with Russia on Indias access to
GLONASS navigation signals and the use of a part of the GLONASS spectrum for wide area augmentation.
ISRO and the Federal Space Agency, Russia have also agreed to develop an experimental satellite called
YOUTHSAT in which students from universities on both sides will be involved in developing scientific
instruments and analyzing the data.
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The Indo-French joint satellite mission, Megha-Tropiques for the study of the tropical atmosphere and
climate related to aspects such as monsoons, cyclones, etc, is making progress. The major instrument on the
satellite called MADRAS will be jointly developed by ISRO and CNES, and two other instruments called
SCARAB and SAPHIR will be provided by CNES. Indian Space Research Organization will use the wellproven IRS satellite bus, provide a PSLV launch, operate the satellite, collect and distribute the data.
There will also be scientific cooperation in validating and calibrating the instruments and analyzing the data.
ISRO and CNES are studying a joint satellite mission called SARAL for which CNES will provide a radar
altimeter instrument called ALTIKA and an onboard relay instrument for the international ARGOS data
collection system. ISRO will provide the satellite platform, launch and operations.
ISROs OCEANSAT-2 satellite will also carry an atmospheric sounder called ROSA from Italy apart from
the main Indian payloads, namely, OCM and imaging scatterometer.
ISRO and the Israel Space Agency (ISA) continued with the development of scientific and technical
interfaces for flying an ultraviolet astronomy telescope from Israel called TAUVEX on ISROs GSAT-4
experimental geostationary satellite.
ISRO and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) are working on the development of the Ultraviolet Imaging
Telescope (UVIT) planned on ISROs multi wavelength astronomy satellite Astrosat.
ISRO organized a seminar on space technology applications as a part of Technology Summit by the
Government in New Delhi in which the technology partner was ASEAN.
India plays an active role in several international bodies such as the United Nations Committee on the
Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UN-COPUOS), United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia
and the Pacific (UN-ESCAP), the international COSPAS-SARSAT system for search and rescue operations,
the International Astronautical Federation (IAF), the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS), the
Committee on Space Research (COSPAR), the Inter Agency Debris Coordination Committee (IADC), the
Space Frequency Coordination Group (SFCG), the Coordinating Group on Meteorological Satellites
(CGMS), the International Global Observing Strategy (IGOS), the International Space University (ISU), the
Asian Association for Remote Sensing (AARS), the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote
Sensing (ISPRS), etc.
After becoming a partner in the International Charter for Space and Major Disasters along with CNES, ESA,
the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and NOAA, ISRO is working together with the other partners in planning
to provide satellite data for the management of natural disasters.
India has been selected by the International Astronautical Federation to host the International Astronautical
Congress 2007 (IAC 2007). The event, organized by the International Astronautical Federation in
cooperation with the International Academy of Astronautics and International Institute of Space Law, is an
annual event at which leading Astronautical Engineers and Scientists meet. With major sponsorship from
DOS, Astronautical Society of India will organize IAC 2007 during September 23-28, 2007 at Hyderabad.
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Sharing of Experience in Space (SHARES) is a scheme ISRO has set up under which training in different
applications of space technology is being provided to scientists from other developing countries. According
to the general arrangement under this scheme, selected candidates will be provided with living expenditure
and allowances by DOS, while the international travel will have to be borne by the sponsoring country.
The Centre for Space Science and Technology Education for Asia and the Pacific (CSSTE-AP) has been set
up in Dehra Dun, India, under the initiative of the UN Office for Outer Space Affairs (UN OOSA) and offers
ten month post graduate diploma courses in Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems (every
year starting in October), Satellite Communication (every alternate year starting in July), Satellite
Meteorology and Global Climate (every alternate year starting in July) and Space and Atmospheric Studies
(every alternate year starting in July). Following the course, candidates have the opportunity to carry out
research in their own country for one year leading finally to the award of a Masters Degree from the Andhra
University. There are several international agencies apart from the Government of India providing support
for candidates participating in the CSSTE-AP courses.
Space Program Publicity

Out-door broadcast vans of electronic media for
live coverage of GSLV-F02 launch.
OS makes efforts to create awareness among the
general public about the progress made under the
Indian space program including the benefits that
have accrued from the program to the society.
Media campaigns on important events, organization
of exhibitions, publications, educational activities
like lectures, interactive sessions with students and
quiz programs, etc, have helped in not only keeping
the public abreast of the space program but also to
evoke interest in them on the nuances of space
science and technology.
Publicity Through Media
On the eve of GSLV-F02/INSAT-4C mission on July 10, 2006, the media from Chennai, Nellore and
Tirupati as well as Sullurpetta in Nellore district were taken to Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, to
witness the launch. The electronic media were provided with video feed of the final countdown and launch
events. Doordarshan as well as major national and regional private TV channels carried the event live.
Background material was provided to the press and post launch press conference was held to brief the media
on the GSLV-F02 mission.
All the leading newspapers covered the event and many newspapers carried encouraging editorials on the
launch in spite of the unsuccessful mission.
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Similar arrangements were made for PSLV-C7 mission carrying four satellites on board Indias
CARTOSAT-2 and SRE-1, Indonesias LAPAN-TUBSAT and Argentinas PEHUENSAT-1 in January
2007. The event was covered well by electronic and print media. The event was telecast live by Doordarshan
and several private television agencies used the live feed in their newscasts. A special video capsule was
produced on SRE-1 which was telecast by Doordarshan on the day of its reentry.
Besides media coverage on specific events of importance, several articles have appeared in various national
newspapers and magazines about the Indian space program. This apart, many news agencies, newspapers and
TV channels from abroad including those from Japan, Germany and Korea made and telecast programs
highlighting the success of the Indian Space Program. Additionally, twelve 15 minute video capsules in
Hindi highlighting mainly on the societal aspects of the Indian Space Program were made and telecast in
Doordarshan. Video capsules in English and vernacular were also made on special commemorative
occasions like anniversaries.
As part of familiarizing the media on nuances of space technology, media teams from Bangalore and
Thiruvananthapuram were taken to SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota to see the preparations for launch of GSLVF02 and PSLV-C7 respectively.
Exhibitions
During the year, DOS organized 23 exhibitions at important public congregations like cultural festivals,
national and international conferences and trade fairs and events at academic institutions. Exhibitions were
also organized in association with NGOs
like Rotary Club in various places. Along
with these exhibitions, events like space
quiz and space seminars were organized in
Gwalior and Kolkota.
Students exhibiting ISRO models at a
school exhibition
An exhibition India in Space was a
major attraction at the 57th International
Astronautical Congress at Valencia, Spain
in October 2006. DOS pavilion at the
Hanover Trade Fair was adjudged as the
best among the Indian Public Sector and
Governmental pavilions. DOS also
participated in 36th COSPAR Exhibition at
Beijing, China.
The permanent exhibitions at VSSC, SAC
and ISAC continued to attract a number of visitors. The Space Museum at VSSC has been refurbished to
make it more attractive and educative for the visiting public.
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Models of spacecraft and launch vehicles as well as displays were provided to various schools and colleges
on loan basis for display during science exhibitions organized by these institutions. Besides, models and
displays on Indian space program have been donated to a few exhibitions and museums.
Publications
Publication of the quarterly journal Space India both in Hindi and English has continued to keep the public
aware of the progress on the Indian space program. Private authors are also being encouraged to publish
books on space program. Publicity materials such as posters, stickers, paper models, etc., have been brought
out during the year on important events.
General
ISRO pavilion at Aero-India February,

2007
The World Space Week was celebrated with

great enthusiasm in DOS Centers during
October 4-10, 2006. The programs at VSSC,
Thiruvananthapuram, included space quiz,
debates, special lectures, video shows and
media workshops. A special exhibition
India in Space was organized at Kochi in
Kerala. At ISAC, Bangalore special lectures
were organized. Essay competition for
college students and space model making for
school students and special public lectures
were also part of the World Space Week at
SAC. SDSC SHAR had organized meetings between technologists and the employees, student programs like
essay writing, debate and painting and a panel discussion on space program for a television channel. MCF,
Hassan arranged public lectures, Face-to-Face programs, model-making and elocution competitions for
students and special lectures.
On the National Science Day on February 28, DOS Centers observed open house wherein the visitors were
allowed to see the Centers. Several competitions like essay writing, painting, quiz, model making, etc., were
also organized.
The information on the Indian space program is available to public through ISRO website www.isro.gov.in.
The Website also provides the contents of the DOS Annual Report, Space India, Press releases, etc.
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Right to Information
The Department of Space has taken necessary action for implementing Right to Information Act 2005.
Central Public Information Officers, Assistant Public Information Officers and Appellate Authority for stage
one appeals have been appointed and notified in the Gazette. Officials of DOS have participated in the
training under RTI and meeting of all the PIOs and APIOs of DOS along with the Appellate Authority for
stage one have been held to appraise them about the implementation of RTI.
As required under the Act, DOS has published the requisite information on the web www.isro.gov.in /Right
to Information.
The following information is available on the website:

* Organisation, functions and duties
* Power and duties of the Officers and Employees
* Procedure followed in the decision making process, including channels of supervision and accountability
* Norms set by the Department of Space for the discharge of its functions
* Rules, regulations, instructions, manuals and records of the Department of Space used by its employees
for discharging their functions
* Statement of the categories of documents held by the Department of Space or under its control
* Particulars of arrangements for consultation with or representation by the public in relation to the
formulation of policies and implementation thereof by the Department of Space
* Statement of boards, councils, committees and other bodies, and as to whether meetings of such boards,
etc., are open to public, or the minutes of such meetings are accessible to public
* Directory of officers holding functional designations
* Number of Officers/Employees and structure of emoluments
* Budget 2005-2006 of the Department of Space
* Manner of execution of subsidy programs and details of beneficiaries of such programs
* Particulars of recipients of concessions, permits or authorizations granted by the Department of Space
* Details of Information available to or held by the Department of Space, reduced in an electronic form
* Names, designations and other particulars of the Public Information Officers, Assistant Public
Information Officers and Appellate Authority (to decide 1st stage appeals)
* Achievements of the Department of Space/Indian Space Research Organisation
During the year, 65 applications were received under RTI on which appropriate responses have been
given.
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Human Resources
Introduction
The commitment, dedication, knowledge and
skills of DOS personnel have played a key role in
the achievements of Indian space program. DOS
attaches great importance to the recruitment,
training and development of its manpower to meet
the stringent requirements of space program.
The approved strength of the department is 16,192
of which 11,057 are in scientific and technical
categories and 5,135 in administrative categories.
The personnel are provided with facilities such as
housing, medical, canteen, schooling for children,
etc, towards their welfare.
Centralized recruitment of scientists and engineers with BE and ME background has been continued during
the year. The applications were received on ISRO Website and inductions of engineers have been completed.
Centralized recruitment actions have also been completed for Office Clerks-B and Jr. Stenographers during
the year.
The scheme of induction training program for newly recruited scientists/engineers, which was introduced in
2002, has continued during the year. The scheme is useful for youngsters to understand and appreciate the
challenges of the space program. A permanent training school, ISRO Training School, is being formed to
meet the overall training requirements of ISRO.
Several training programs in various areas of technology, management, computer, safety, administrative
systems, etc, have been organized during the year. Customized and exclusive training programs for middle
level scientific, technical and administrative officers have been organized with tie-ups with reputed
management institutes. In-house training program for administrative staff has also been initiated.
New hospital at SDSC SHAR
Housing
DOS has the policy of improving the level of satisfaction in respect of housing in a phased manner for its
employees at Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Hassan, Thiruvananthapuram, Mahendragiri, Sriharikota, Sullurpeta,
Nagercoil, Valliyoor, Valiamala, Aluva, Lucknow, Kharagpur and Port Blair particularly. A total of 7,042
quarters (including those allotted to CISF and other agencies) are available. The overall level of satisfaction
achieved so far for the employees of DOS is 46 percent (excluding PRL, NARL, NRSA and IIRS).
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Joint Consultative Machinery (JCM)

The scheme of JCM of the Department continued to function satisfactorily. The 32nd meeting of the
Department Council of JCM was held in March 2006.
Apprentice Training
Under training of apprentices in the
Technical and Commercial Trades, in the
Centers / Units of the Department, 1940
apprentices were trained.
Reservation in Services:
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes:
The Department has been observing the
guidelines for recruitment, promotion and
the welfare of Scheduled Castes and
Scheduled Tribes. Table-I (previous page)
indicates the status of representations of
persons belonging to Scheduled Castes and
Scheduled Tribes.
Physically Challenged:
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Ex-Servicemen
The status of representation of ex-servicemen is given in Table-III
Other Backward Classes (OBCs)

So far 935 persons belonging to Other Backward Classes have been appointed by the Department. Among
this, 118 belonging to OBC were appointed during the year.
Vigilance
The details of disciplinary (non-vigilance) and vigilance cases dealt with during the year are as follows:
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DOS is constantly reviewing the cases with a view to dispose them within the shortest possible time.
Vigilance Awareness Week was observed commencing with administering of pledge to the employees on
November 6, 2006.
Women Employees
There are 1163 women employees belonging to Scientific and Technical categories and 1259 women
employees belonging to administrative categories, in the Department as per details in table below. They
represent 17.64 percent of personnel in DOS.
Progressive Use of Hindi

Implementation of Hindi in DOS Centers has continued with vigor during the year. The Official Language
Implementation Committee (OLIC) of DOS held quarterly meetings to review the progress in the use of
Hindi. The meetings of the Official Language Implementation Committee were held in each Centre/Unit of
DOS to review the implementation and progressive use of Hindi. DOS/ISRO and its Centers and Units have
also participated in the meetings of Town OLICs constituted in their respective towns. During the year, the
2nd Sub Committee of Committee of Parliament on Official Language inspected NRSA, Hyderabad and
ISAC, Bangalore to review the implementation of Official Language Policy. An annual inspection program
has been drawn up to implement Hindi in more meaningful and effective manner.
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The Hindi teaching scheme and other arrangements have been strengthened. The percentage of employees
possessing working knowledge of Hindi in all DOS centers has increased to more than 80 percent. Action
plans for imparting training to the remaining employees have been drawn up. Hindi stenography classes are
being conducted through video conference mode. Arrangements have been made for imparting training in
Hindi typing in all DOS centers.
Four out of eight trainees in VSSC secured 2nd position at all India level Prabodh / Praveen exam held
during the year. An Official Language Orientation Program was organized in May, 2006 at NRSA in which
all the official language staff of DOS participated.
As in previous years, Hindi Day, Hindi Week and Hindi Workshops have been organized, in all DOS/ISRO
Centers / Units, during which competitions in essay, noting and drafting, typewriting, quiz, poetry recitation,
debate, etc, have been held. The prizes are awarded separately for Hindi speaking and non-Hindi speaking
employees.
As an incentive for use of Hindi in scientific and technical areas, existing cash prizes have been revised for
articles in Hindi contributed to Inter-Centre Technical Seminar as well as for in-house journals. In order to
encourage the officers/employees to carry out day-to-day work in Hindi, the incentive for original work has
also been revised and Rs.2,000/-, Rs.1,200/- and Rs.800/- is given as first, second and third prize for writing
at least 10,000 words in Hindi pertaining to their work.
The DOS Annual Report, Performance Budget, Outcome Budget and the Detailed Demand for Grants were
brought out in Hindi and English. The Annual Reports and the Audited Statements of Accounts of Antrix
Corporation Limited, NARL, PRL, NRSA, SCL and NE-SAC have been brought out in bilingual form.
Arrangements have been made to send Parliament answers through e-mail. Publicity material on Indian
space program like Glimpses of Indian Space Program, CARTOSAT-2/SRE-1 mission and VRCs have been
brought out in Hindi. Antariksh Bharat a quarterly technical magazine is also brought out in Hindi. Inhouse Hindi magazines are brought out by various DOS centers. During the year, Hindi books on selected
topics were procured by DOS centre libraries.
As a part of computerization program in Hindi, Leap-Office Hindi software has been installed in computers
in DOS centers. Hindi software training was also imparted to the employees.
Technical Seminars Held During the Year included:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Bharatiya Antariksh Karyakram mein Nayee Chunautiyan (New Challenges in the India
Space Program) at SAC.
Tsunami Peediton Ke Liye Upagrah Ki Upayogita (Sending basic goods for Tsunami
victims) at DOS Headquarters.
CARTOSAT at NRSA. Upgraha: Udbhava, Upayogita at ISAC. An Inter Centre Technical
Seminar at NRSA and Sath Varshon mein PRL Ka Yogdaan (PRLs aid in the last seven
years) at PRL, Ahmedabad.
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DOS personnel have also participated in the activities on progressive use of Hindi organized by various
voluntary organizations like Kendriya Sachivalya Hindi Parishad, New Delhi and Mysore Hindi Prachar
Parishad and also by Town OLIC. ISTRAC was awarded third place for best performance in Official
Language Implementation by TOLIC, Bangalore consisting of 130 Central Government Offices. VSSC got
maximum number of prizes in competitions organized by Town Official Language Implementation
Committee.
LPSC, ISAC, ISTRAC have also sponsored some of the programs organized by Town OLICs. MCF, Hassan
has taken the responsibility of Town Official Language Implementation Committee.
The meeting of the Joint Hindi Advisory Committee for Department of Space and Department of Atomic
Energy was held in April, 2006 at New Delhi.
Technical Services
Systems Reliability
Activities related to ensuring reliability of space systems through rigorous quality control, quality assurance
and test and evaluation activities continued at all DOS centers. In order to give further thrust to systems
reliability activities, a Directorate of Quality and Reliability (DOQR) has been set up at ISRO Headquarters
to provide direction for the realization of quality systems. Audit of work centers involved in space activities
are being conducted to ensure adherence by work centers and industries to stringent quality norms.
The assembly, integration and check out of spacecraft subsystems for INSAT-4C and CARTOSAT-2 were
carried out during the year. The activities covered test and evaluation of space hardware, ground support
equipment, review of test procedures and methods, test data analysis and non-conformance management.
Integrated spacecraft thermovac test for the satellites were also carried out during the year.
Quality Assurance support for various subsystems of GSLV-F-02 and PSLV-C7 missions were carried out.
Uniform stage clearance practices were adopted for process/product realization at different work centers.
Reliability estimates and trend analysis of all systems/sub systems of PSLV-C7 and GSLV-F-02 were carried
out.
The Failure Analysis Committee (FAC), which reviewed the performance of GSLV-F-02 that could not
accomplish the mission, has identified the causes and steps to implement the recommendations of FAC have
been initiated.
Active and passive electronic components were screened before use in the subsystems. Necessary software
and hardware were developed to screen special and non-standard devices. Performance analysis of Hybrid
Micro Circuits and other devices were also carried out.
A high-level Assurance Board for ISRO projects has been constituted and the recommendations of the board
are being duly implemented.
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Maintenance of certification to ISO-9000 quality systems were continued through close interaction with
various divisions and groups at DOS centers. Activities were also initiated by other centers/units, which are
yet to obtain ISO-9000 certification. Upgradation of ISO-9000 for 2000 version was carried out.
Under the indigenization of space components and materials, several electronic components and advanced
materials were qualified during the year and are being used progressively in the ongoing projects. Significant
progress was achieved in the indigenous development of C-band Traveling Wave Tubes. Efforts to qualify
several critical components for indigenization were also initiated during the year.
Safety Services
The space program continued to be free from any major accidents during the year. The launch of GSLV-F02
from the Second Launch Pad at SDSC SHAR was carried out without any safety related incidents. The
emergency preparedness plan was executed flawlessly resulting in no damage to personnel. Launch
campaign activities involved handling of solid rocket motors, pyrotechnic materials, earth storable and
cryogenic propellants and high-pressure gas servicing of GSLV-F02 stages as well as INSAT-4C. The
transportation of propellants, liquid propulsion stages, rocket hardware was carried out under the umbrella of
a well-coordinated safety net, all along the route.
Use of fire-proof dress during propellant
segment preparation
The successful functioning of the safety
systems during integrated filling of liquid
oxygen and liquid hydrogen in auto mode,
expulsion trials and short duration hot test of
indigenously developed cryogenic upper stage
(CUSP) was a significant achievement during
the year. The other major safety activities like
qualification trial of SRE-1 passivation system,
structural test of cryogenic stage with LN2,
testing of gas generator of C-20 cryogenic
engine, vertical static test of one-meter
diameter subscale motor for slag accumulation
studies in connection with S-200 Motor,
disposal of life expired rocket motors,
recovery of L-40 stages from Bay of Bengal
after the failure of GSLV-F02, qualification
tests of AOCS, LAM and RCS were conducted
under rigorous safety surveillance.
Safety surveillance was in place during fabrication, integration, thermo-vac test, vibration tests, and highpressure tests of INSAT-4C, SRE-1 and CARTOSAT-2.Safety reviews and clearance were accorded for
Deep Space Network Station, static test of RH-560 motor for dual mode RAMJET, assembly of PS-1
hardware for proof pressure test and gas generator exhaust disposal during hot test of cryogenic stage. Safety
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committees at DOS establishments reviewed and cleared locations, construction and commissioning of new
facilities. Rigorous safety inspections and audits, surprise checks, drills at various hazardous areas,
preparations of safety manuals and emergency preparedness plan and review of facilities before critical
operations were undertaken by safety groups. The high-level Board of Safety met regularly and
recommendations duly implemented.
Safety awareness and promotional activities have continued through celebration of national safety day, fire
service day, issuing safety posters, organizing safety training program, etc. In view of increased complexity
and magnitude of space activities, inter-centre workshops on safety were also organized to share experiences
within safety professionals. Liaison with statutory authorities such as Chief Controller of Explosives,
Nagpur, State pollution control boards and Centre for Fire, Explosive and Environment Safety, Delhi was
continued during the year in order to meet the statutory requirements for various hazardous installations.
Civil Engineering
The Civil Engineering Division (CED) of DOS carries out planning, designing and construction of all
buildings and auxiliary facilities required for various centers and projects of DOS. During the year the major
civil works that were completed include: Thermovac facility for ISRO Satellite Centre, Horizonal Integration
Building for GSLV-Mk III, L-110 and C-25 stages for LPSC at Mahendragiri, Building for ISRO Training
Complex at VSSC, Propellant mixing station, Magazine, NDT, Inhibition and Tilting facility, Propellant
Trimming Facility, Curing facility and Hardware Insulation and Lining facility at SDSC SHAR. A hospital
has been constructed for SDSC employees at Sullurpeta. Phase-II housing for DOS employees at Jalahalli in
Bangalore was also completed.
Some Big Players in Indias Space Program:

Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)
Established:
Administrator:
Budget:
Address:
1969
G. Madhavan Nair
815 million USD
ISRO Headquarters
Department of Space
Govt. of India
Antariksh Bhavan,
New BEL Road
BANGALORE - 560 094,
Karnataka
India
119
Telephone:
Fax:
E-Mail:
Website:
+91-80-2341-5474
+91-80-2341-5229 / 2253
info@isro.gov.in
www.isro.gov.in
Contact:
E-Mail:
Ms. Shobha Deputy Director - ISRO

Shobha@isro.gov.in
Contact:
E-Mail:
Mr. Ananth Contact of RESPOND, which is Research Sponsored ISRO (see brief)
ananth@isro.org
Contact:
Mr. K.R. Sridharmurthy - Executive Director, Antrix Corporation Limited, ISRO
Address:
Antrix Complex
New BEL Road,
Bangalore - 560 094
Karnataka
India
Telephone:
Fax:
E-Mail:
Website:
+91-80-2341-6273 / 2341-6274 / 2341-5474

+91-80-2341-8981
murthy@antrix.gov.in
www.antrix.gov.in
The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is India's national space agency. With its headquarters in
Bangalore, the ISRO employs approximately 20,000 people, with a budget around 815 million USD at
current exchange rates. Its mandate is the development of technologies related to space and their application
to India's development. The current Chairman of ISRO is G. Madhavan Nair. In addition to domestic
payloads, it offers international launch services.
India's experience in rocketry began in ancient times when fireworks were first used in the country, a
technology invented in neighboring China, and which had an extensive two-way exchange of ideas and
goods with India, connected by the Silk Road. Military use of rockets by Indians during the Mysore War
against the British inspired William Congreve to invent the Congreve rocket, predecessor of modern artillery
rockets, in 1804. After India gained independence from British occupation in 1947, Indian scientists and
politicians recognized the potential of rocket technology in both defense applications, and for research and
development. Recognizing that a country as demographically large as India would require its own
independent space capabilities and recognizing the early potential of satellites in the fields of remote sensing
and communication, these visionaries set about establishing a space research organization.
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1960-1970
Dr. Vikram Sarabhai (right), was the founding father of the Indian space
program, and is considered a scientific visionary by many, as well as a
national hero. After the launch of Sputnik in 1957, he recognized the
potential that satellites provided. India's first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal
Nehru, who saw scientific development as an essential part of India's
future, placed space research under the jurisdiction of the Department of
Atomic Energy in 1961. The DAE director Homi Bhabha, who was father
of India's atomic program, then, established the Indian National Committee
for Space Research (INCOSPAR) with Sarabhai as director in 1962.
Unlike every other major space program with the exception of Japan and
Europe, India's capabilities were not born out of an existing military
ballistic missile program, but instead out of the practical goal of eventually
having satellite launch capabilities. From its establishment in 1962, the
Indian space program began establishing itself with the launch of sounding
rockets, which was complimented by India's geographical proximity to the equator. These were launched
from the newly-established Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS), built near
Thiruvananthapuram in southern Kerala. Initially, American sounding rockets like the Nike-Apache, and
French sounding rockets like the Centaure, were fired and used for studying the upper atmospheric electrojet,
which until then had only been studied from ship-based sounding rocket launches in the Pacific Ocean.
These were soon followed by British and Russian rockets. However, since day one, the space program had
grand ambitions of developing indigenous technology and India soon began developing its own sounding
rockets, using solid propellants - these were called the Rohini family of sounding rockets.
Recognizing the need for indigenous technology, and the possibility of future instability in the supply of
parts and technology, the Indian space program endeavored to indigenize every material supply route,
mechanism and technology. As the Indian Rohini program continued to launch sounding rockets of greater
size and complexity, the space program was expanded and eventually given its own government department,
separate from the Department of Atomic Energy. In 1969 the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)
was created from the INCOSPAR program under the DAE, continued under the Space Commission and
finally the Department of Space, created in June of 1972.
1970-1980
In the 1960s, Sarabhai had taken part in an early study with NASA regarding the feasibility of using satellites
for applications as wide as direct television broadcasting, and this study had found that it was the most
economical way of transmitting such broadcasts. Having recognized the benefits those satellites could bring
to India from the very start, Sarabhai and the ISRO set about designing and creating an independent launch
vehicle, capable of launching into orbit, and providing the valuable experience needed for the construction of
larger launch vehicles in future. Recognizing the advanced capability India had in building solid motors with
the Rohini series, and that other nations had favored solid rockets for similar projects, the ISRO set about
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building the technology and infrastructure for the Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV). Inspired by the American
Scout rocket, the vehicle would be a four-stage all-solid vehicle.
Meanwhile, India also began developing satellite technology, anticipating the remote sensing and
communication needs of the future. India's first foray into space began with the launch of its satellite
Aryabhata in 1975 by a Soviet booster. By 1979, the SLV was ready to be launched from a newlyestablished second launch site, the Shriharikota Rocket Launching Station (SRLS). The first launch in 1979
was a failure, attributed to a control failure in the second stage. By 1980 this problem had been worked out.
The first indigenous satellite launched by India was called Rohini-1.
1980-1990
Following the success of the SLV, ISRO was keen to begin construction of a satellite launch vehicle that
would be able to put truly useful satellites into polar orbits. Design of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
(PSLV) was soon underway. This vehicle would be designed as India's workhorse launch system, taking
advantage of both old technology with large reliable solid-stages, and new liquid engines. At the same time,
it was decided by the ISRO management that it would be prudent to develop a smaller rocket, based on the
SLV, which would serve as a testbed for many of the new technologies that would be used on the PSLV. The
Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV) would test technologies like strap-on boosters and new
guidance systems; so that experience could be gained before the PSLV went into full production. This was in
line with advice that Wernher von Braun had given when paying a visit to ISRO: "If you have to do anything
in rocketry do it yourself, SLV-3 is a genuine Indian design and you may be having your own troubles. But
you should always remember that we do not just build on success, we also build on failure".
Rather than indigenously develop liquid engines for the PSLV, the ISRO managed to strike a deal which
would cut a couple of years from the development of a new engine. In exchange for a modest sum of money,
and some Indian help with minor aspects of the production of the engine, France agreed to transfer
technology for the Viking liquid engine to India. The deal was probably motivated in part by goodwill, but
also by the fact that the French were at the time receiving little interest from the European community in the
development of the Ariane launcher, forcing them to look elsewhere for support. The Indian version of this
engine would be called Vikas.
Eventually, the ASLV was flight tested in 1987, but this launch was a failure. After minor corrections,
another launch was attempted in 1988, this launch again failed, and this time a full investigation was
launched into the cause, providing valuable experience, specifically because the ASLV's failure had been one
of control - the vehicle could not be adequately controlled on removal of the stabilizing fins that were present
on the SLV, so extra measures like improved maneuvering thrusters and flight control system upgrades were
added. The ASLV development had also proven useful in the development of strap-on motor technology.
1990-2000
It was not until 1992 that the first successful launch of the ASLV took place. At this point the launch vehicle,
which could only put very small payloads into orbit, had achieved its objective. In 1993, the time had come
for the maiden flight of the PSLV. The first launch was a failure. The first successful launch took place in
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1994, and since then, the PSLV has become the workhorse launch vehicle - placing both remote sensing and
communications satellites into orbit, creating the largest cluster in the world, and providing unique data to
Indian industry and agriculture. Continual performance upgrades have increased the payload capacity of the
rocket significantly since then.
By this time, with the launch of the PSLV not far away, it had been decided that work should begin on the
next class of launch vehicles, intended to place larger satellites into geostationary transfer orbit (GTO), and
thus a launcher partly derived from the PSLV design, but featuring large liquid strap-on motors and a
cryogenic upper-stage motor, was devised - the Geostationary Satellite Launch Vehicle. Following the
success of the Viking engine acquisition, ISRO had planned to acquire booster technology from the Russian
space organization Glavkosmos. The United States, which had begun imposing restrictions on the Indian
Space program when India moved closer to the Soviet Union in the 1970s, opposed the technology transfer
on non-proliferation grounds and imposed sanctions against ISRO in May, 1992. It is debatable as to whether
this action by the US was relevant in terms of preventing proliferation, as cryogenic engines are never used
in the construction of ballistic missiles, and India had plenty of technical capability to construct rockets
anyway - some cite the incident as an example of rules being followed without reason.
Under pressure, Glavkomos halted the transfer of the associated manufacturing and design technology to
India. Until then, ISRO had not been affected by technology transfer restrictions thanks to the political
foresight of Sarabhai in indigenizing technology. However, when elements of the ISRO management
cancelled indigenous cryogenic projects in anticipation of the Russian deal. Instead of canceling the deal,
Russia agreed to provide fully built engines instead, and India began developing an indigenous cryogenic
engine to replace them, in the GSLV-II. There is still some controversy over the issue of the cryogenic
engine acquisition, with many pointing to the decision to cancel indigenous projects as being a grave mistake
- India would have likely had a fully indigenous engine operating by the time
the GSLV launched if indigenous development had started from day one.
Despite this one uncharacteristic slip in an otherwise extremely successful
program, and the loss of potential payload capacity over the decade that
occurred as a result, ISRO pressed on.
2000-2010
In 2001, the first development flight of the GSLV took place. Despite this, the
GSLV has had to suffer payload cutbacks, and has been delayed, leading
some to question its usefulness as a launch vehicle. The indigenous cryogenic
engine for the GSLV's upper stage will be flown in 2007. It is currently the
most powerful Indian launch vehicle in operation. Due to the questionable
effectiveness of the GSLV for the needs of the current decade, ISRO began
development of a new launch vehicle, the GSLV Mark III (gsLVM3), which
despite its name, is not at all related to the GSLV-I/II, but is in fact a new
heavy launch vehicle, that will incorporate larger versions of proven
technology, and be indigenously built. Based around the proven format of
liquid main stages and two solid strap-on boosters, the GSLV Mark III
(gsLVM3) will resemble the Ariane-5 and several other modern launchers.
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The first flight is scheduled for 2008. Although India has expressed the opinion that it can fulfill space
interests without the need for manned missions, the gsLVM3 would provide more than enough payload
capacity for manned spaceflight. The GSLV at Sriharikota, just before lift off (right).
India is developing a project to send an unmanned probe to the moon in 2007/08, as a first attempt at
exploration of the solar system. This project, called Chandrayaan, will use a modified PSLV rocket to send a
small probe into lunar orbit, from where it will survey the surface of the moon in greater detail than ever
before, in an attempt to locate resources - other countries including the US have expressed interest in
attaching their own payloads to the mission. Recently, during the visit of NASA Chief Mike Griffin to India,
ISRO and NASA entered into an agreement for carrying two NASA probes as a payload. Another more
long-term project that has been underway is the effort to develop a reusable launch vehicle (RLV) called
avatar, similar to many other countries, but only for the launch of satellites. Theoretically such a vehicle,
designed on the basis of scramjet technology, would be able to launch small satellites into orbit for a fraction
of the cost of current launches, opening up many potential commercial avenues, and making certain satellite
technologies feasible for the first time. A scaled-down technology demonstrator is scheduled to fly around
2008. Recently ISRO tested a scramjet air breathing engine which produced Mach 6 for seven seconds and it
was successful. ISRO is continuing research related to using scramjets in RLVs after 2010.
ISRO has also entered the lucrative market of launching payloads of other nations upon its rockets from
Indian soil. The upcoming launches of a spy satellite of Israel in mid 2007, and of the Israeli Tauvex-II
satellite, scheduled for launch in mid-2007. The CARTOSAT-II, launched on the July 2006, carries a small
Indonesian payload of 56 kg.
ISRO centers
These centers are related to the ISRO:
* Vikram Sarabhai Space Center (VSSC)
* ISRO Satellite Center (ISAC)
* Satish Dhawan Space Center (SHAR)
* Liquid Propulsion Systems Center (LPSC)
* Space Applications Center (SAC)
* Development and Educational Communication Unit (DECU)
* ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC)
* INSAT Master Control Facility (MCF)
* ISRO Inertial Systems Unit (IISU)
* National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA)
* Regional Remote Sensing Service Centers (RRSSC)
* Physical Research Laboratory (PRL)
* National Mesosphere/Stratosphere Troposphere Radar Facility (NMRF)
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Major achievements
Yearly
* 1962: Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR); formed by the Department of
Atomic Energy, and work on establishing Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS)
near Trivandrum began.
* 1963: First sounding rocket launched from TERLS on November 21, 1963.
* 1965: Space Science & Technology Center (SSTC) established in Thumba.
* 1967: Satellite Telecommunication Earth Station set up at Ahmedabad.
* 1972: Space Commission and Department of Space set up.
* 1975: First Indian Satellite, Aryabhata, launched (April 19, 1975).
* 1976: Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) conducted.
* 1979: Bhaskara-1, an experimental satellite launched. First experimental launch of SLV-3 with Rohini
Satellite on board failed.
* 1980: Second experimental launch of SLV-3 Rohini satellite successfully placed in orbit.
* 1981: APPLE, an experimental geostationary communication satellite successfully launched on June 19.
* 1981: Bhaskara-II launched on November 20.
* 1982: INSAT-1A launched (April); deactivated in September.
* 1983: Second launch of SLV-3. RS-D2 placed in orbit. INSAT-1B launched.
* 1984: Indo-Soviet manned space mission (April). Rakesh Sharma became the first Indian to reach space.
* 1987: ASLV with SROSS-1 satellite on board launched.
* 1988: First Indian remote sensing satellite, IRS-1A launched. INSAT-1C launched (July). Abandoned in
November.
* 1990: INSAT-1D launched successfully.
* 1991: Launch of second operational Remote Sensing satellite, IRS-1B (August).

* 1992: Third developmental launch of ASLV with SROCC-C on board (May). Satellite placed in orbit.
First indigenously built satellite INSAT-2A launched successfully.
* 1993: INSAT-2B launched in July successfully. First developmental launch of PSLV with IRS-1E on
board fails.
* 1994: Fourth developmental launch of ASLV successful (May). Second developmental launch of Polar
Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) with IRS-P2 successfully (October).
* 1995: INSAT-2C launched in December. Third operational IRS (IRS) launched.
* 1996: Third developmental launch of PSLV with IRS-P3 successful (March).
* 1997: INSAT-2D launched in June became in-operational in October. Arabsat1C, since renamed
INSAT- 2DT, acquired in November. First operational launch of PSLV with IRS-1D successful
(September).
* 1998: INSAT system capacity augmented with the readiness of INSAT-2DT acquired from Arabsat
(January)
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* 1999: INSAT-2E the last satellite in the multi-purpose INSAT-2 series, launched by Ariane from
Kourou French Guyana (April 3, 1999). IRS-P4 (OCEANSAT), launched by Polar Satellite
launch vehicle (PSLV-C2) along with Korean KITSAT-3 and German DLR-TUBSAT from
Sriharikota (26 May 1999).
* 2000: INSAT-3B was launched on 22 March 2000.
* 2001: Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle-D1 (GDLV-D1), the first developmental launch of
GSLV with GSAT-1 onboard partially successful.
* 2002: INSAT-3C launched successfully by Arianespace (January), PSLV-C4 launches KALPANA-1
(September).
* 2003: GSLV-D2, the second developmental launch of GSLV with GSAT-2 successful (May).
* 2004: First operational flight of GSLV (F01) successfully launches EDUSAT (September).
* 2005: Launch of CARTOSAT and HAMSAT by PSLV-C6 from the second launch pad (Universal
Launch Pad) (May). INSAT 4A Launched successfully by the European Ariane-5G.
* 2006: Second operational flight of GSLV (F02) unsuccessful July 10, 2006. GSLV-F02 was carrying
INSAT-4C.
* 2007: Successful launch of CARTOSAT-2, SRE-1, LAPAN-TUBSAT and PEHUENSAT-1 on PSLV
C7 on January 10, 2007.
* 2007: SRE-1 splashed down in the Bay of Bengal on January 22, 2007 and was successfully recovered
by the Indian Coast Guard and Indian Navy, making India one of the few countries to have reentry technology.
* 2007: INSAT-4B successfully launched by Arianespace on March 12.
Satellites
Since its formation, ISRO has launched numerous satellites; they include
the IRS (Indian Remote Sensing) satellite series, the INSAT (Indian
National Satellite) series (in Geo-Stationary orbit), the GSAT series
(launched using GSLV) and METSAT 1 (launched by PSLV). As of 2007,
the total number of satellites of all varieties built by ISRO is 45.
INSAT series
INSAT 1B: (right)
Indian National Satellite System
The INSAT series of satellites includes the 1 (A, B, C, D), 2 (A, B, C, D), 3 (A, B, C, E) and 4 (A, B, C)
series. They provide Communication and Television relay services all over India. Most of these satellites
were launched by the Arianespace for ISRO.
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IRS series
The IRS series provide remote sensing services and are composed of the 1 (A, B, C, D). The future versions
are named based on their area of application including OceanSat, CartoSat, ResourceSat. Some of the
satellites have alternate designations based on the launch number and vehicle.
METSAT / Kalpana series
METSAT or Meteorological Satellite is the first satellite built by ISRO to provide meteorological
information and data. In 2003, METSAT was renamed as Kalpana in honor of the late astronaut
Kalpana Chawla. METSAT 2 / Kalpana 2 is expected to be launched by 2007.
As the name suggests, Technology Experiment Satellite is an experimental satellite aimed primarily at
fulfilling the role of spy satellite. The satellite has an image resolution of 1m or less, making India the only
country after US to offer such high-resolution images commercially. The Kargil War prompted the rapid
inclusion of a dedicated espionage satellite. It was first used to produce images of Iraqi military installations
that were destroyed after US invasion in 2003.
Future plans
ISRO has begun the development of a mission to the Moon, named Chandrayaan-1. It will be India's first
step towards exploration of deep space. In 2005, the Indian government approved 65.75 million for the
planned moon mission expected to be launched by 2008. It is interesting to note that apart from ISRO made
instruments, Chandrayaan carries science instruments from NASA and ESA as opportunity payloads free of
cost and with the understanding of sharing the data from the instruments. If the mission goes as planned,
ISRO would be the sixth space agency in the world, after the Soviet Union, NASA, Japan, European Space
Agency and China, to have sent an unmanned mission to the Moon. ISRO also plans to undertake a totally
indigenous manned space exploration in the next decade by planning to send a person to space by 2014.
ISRO has started the development of the next launch vehicle version, known as the GSLV Mark-III, with an
indigenous cryogenic engine capable of launching satellites weighing up to 6 tons in the final configuration.
ISRO will be launching various satellites for European and Russian space programs including Agile and the
GLONASS series of navigation satellites. In December 2005, during the annual Indo-Russian summit in
Moscow, the two states agreed on joint development of the GLONASS-K series, which will be launched by
Indian launchers. ISRO also plans to launch payloads SRE-1, RISAT-1, ASTROSAT, OCEANSAT series,
INSAT series, CARTOSAT series, and GSAT series over the next couple of years. The RLV-TD, a
technology demonstrator of possible scramjet launch technology, will fly around 2008.
The ISRO decade plan includes the following launch schedule:
2006-2007 - One PSLV launch, (PSLV-C8), and three GSLV launches, (GSLV-D3, F2, F3). Launch
of OCEANSAT-2, GSAT-4, INSAT-4D.
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2007-2008 - Three PSLV launches, (PSLV-C9, C10, C11), two GSLV launches (GSLV-F4, F5), and
one GSLV-III launch (GSLV-III-D1). Launch of CHANDRAYAAN, ASTROSAT,
RISAT-1, GSAT (MK III), INSAT-3D and INSAT-4E.
Launch vehicles
The Satellite Launch Vehicle was mainly used for the launching of experimental Rohini Satellites, and was a
technology bridge. The Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle was mainly used for the launching of Stretched
Rohini Satellite Series (SROSS) satellites, and also served as a technology bridge. The Polar Satellite Launch
Vehicle serves as a small-medium satellite launching workhorse for the ISRO. The Geosynchronous Satellite
Launch Vehicle serves as a medium lifter. The Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III will be a
medium-heavy lifter. The Reusable Launch Vehicle project is intended as a cheap way of launching small
satellites.
Past
* Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV) - an all-solid four-stage satellite launch vehicle. The SLV can place 40
kg into low earth orbit.
* Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV) - an all-solid five-stage satellite launch vehicle. The
ASLV can place 150 kg into low earth orbit.
Present
* Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) - a four-stage rocket with liquid and solid stages. The PSLV can
place 1600 kg into polar sun synchronous orbit.
* Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark I/II (GSLV-I/II) - a three-stage rocket with solid, liquid
and cryo stages. The GSLV can place 2200 kg into geostationary transfer orbit.
Future
* Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III (GSLV-III) - a three-stage rocket with solid, liquid
and cryo stages. The GSLV can place 4000-6000 kg into geostationary transfer orbit.
* Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) - a small remote-piloted scramjet vehicle called Avatar. The RLV will
place small satellites into LEO and can be reused for at least 100 launches reducing the cost of launching
satellites.
Launch facilities
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ISRO operates 3 launch stations:

* Thumba (TERLS - Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station/Vikram Sarabhai Space Center,
Kerala),
* Shriharikota (SRLS - Shriharikota Rocket Launching Station/Satish Dhawan Space Center, Andhra
Pradesh).
* Balasore (BRLS - Balasore Rocket Launching Station, Orissa).
The Shriharikota range is used for launch of satellites and multi-stage rockets. The launch station has two
launch pads including the newest Universal Launch Pad. The two launch pads allow the station to hold up to
6 launches per year. The other two launch facilities are capable of launching sounding rockets, and other
small rockets that don't produce spent stages.
Opinions and Analysis
Historical Budget
Year
2001
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
Indian Rupee
~25bn
31.48bn
29.97bn
38.60bn
US dollar
~505m
~722m
~800m
~1000m
Common with other national space programs, the ISRO attracts comparison, criticism, and praise.
Comparison with other space agencies
The ISRO and the Russian Space Agency ("Roskosmos") currently enjoy similar levels of funding, although
Roskosmos has inherited the experience of the Soviet space program. The ISRO's budget, however, is likely
to expand as India's economic growth continues. At the same time, the continued development of reliable
and cost-effective launch platforms are expected to see the commercial costs of launching payloads on Indian
rockets fall, perhaps by as much as a half. When established, the Indian GSLV-III should be able to place
4000 to 6000 kg payloads into GTO.
The technological expertise and experience of the ISRO seems to be similar to the other major Asian space
powers, especially China and in some respects to Japan, the latter having experienced some setbacks in
recent years. In terms of budgetary comparison, United States of America spends $16bn, ESA spends $3.5bn
(combined with other European space agencies it is about $7bn), Japan spends $1.6bn, China spends $1.2bn,
Russia spends $800mn, India spends $700mn, Canada spends $300mn, and Brazil spends $35mn. However,
some people have pointed out that the budget figure is much higher for India and China when accounting for
purchasing power parity (PPP), due to lower living standards in these countries the amount of capital
invested upon wages, and employment, are much lower, say, than in The USA, where more than a third of
the budget goes into wages and such services. Considering India's modest space budget when compared to
NASA, Indians have achieved reasonable success in their space programs.
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India is counted amongst the six major space powers of the world, and is sometimes counted amongst the top
three nations in Asia in terms of success and future potential. Indian launch vehicles have the capacity for
human spaceflight, however, the ISRO has stated that it can achieve all India's commercial and scientific
needs through unmanned spaceflight alone, raising the question of whether a crewed spaceflight will occur.
Criticism
Some critical opinion is sometimes aired questioning the relevance of the ISRO in light of the low per capita
income of the average Indian citizen. In response to this, defenders of the Indian space program point to the
fact that the ISRO, unlike other space agencies, focuses on developmental applications such as educational
broadcasting and remote sensing. According to former ISRO chairman, Udipi Ramachandra Rao, the
manned mission gives ISRO a new goal and its spin-off would benefit people and the industry in the long
run. In addition, the ISRO is arguably the most financially successful space program, with very cheap
development and launch capabilities, and a budget of which 45% spent goes to Indian industry. According to
ISRO, its project leading to a first manned flight will cost a mere US$2.5 billion to US$3 billion a year.
Ballistic missile technology
A criticism of the Indian space program from foreign governments and military analysts has been the
question of how ISRO technology has benefited India's defense program, even leading to the alteration of
India's cryogenic engine deal with the former Soviet Union and later Russia. Since most space programs in
the world were extensions of ballistic missile programs anyway, and the ISRO is capable of developing the
advanced technology indigenously, it is questionable how legitimate this criticism is. In the instance of the
cryogenic engine deal, it was argued that the engine would have been of almost no use in the construction of
ballistic missiles, and India could develop the engine very shortly anyway. It is also argued that apart from
any non-proliferation action being almost pointless, India is a responsible nuclear power. In the wake of
recent political shifts, with India and the USA discarding old Cold War era political stances, it is unlikely
that future criticism of ISRO from this angle will occur.
Question of crewed missions

Indian Human Spaceflight Program
The still unnamed Indian human spaceflight program of the Indian Space
Research Organization was proposed in November 2006. Its goal would be to
design, develop and launch an Indian human spacecraft, a two-seat space
capsule, which would be used to send an Indian into space by 2015. The
vehicle would be launched by Indias Geosynchronous Satellite Launch
Vehicle (GSLV-Mk II).
Indian Navy Frogmen recovering the SRE-1 Capsule after splashdown in
the Bay of Bengal (right).
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The Government has approved the project and allocated 9.06 million for pre-project initiatives for 2007-08.
A manned mission into space would require about 1.81 billion ($3 billion) over an eight-year period.
ISRO sources said the flight is likely to be in 2015, followed by an Indian stepping on the Moon in 2020. An
unmanned orbiter to Mars in 2014 is also among the ISRO's initiatives during the 11th five-year plan.
ISRO plans to send a GSLV-MK II (Mark two with an indigenous cryogenic engine) rocket from the Satish
Dhawan Space Center, Sriharikota, with a three-ton space capsule with two people onboard and complete
with life support systems etc. Development of fully autonomous orbital vehicle to carry a two-member crew
into a low Earth orbit has already begun.
About 16 minutes after lift-off, the rocket will inject the capsule weighing 3 tons into an orbit, 300 km-400
km from the earth. The capsule would orbit the earth and return for a splashdown in the Bay of Bengal.
The trials for the manned space missions began with the 600-kg Space Capsule Recovery Experiment (SRE),
launched using the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) rocket, and safely returned to earth 12 days later.
This demonstrates Indias capability to develop heat resistant materials necessary for re-entry technology.
In 1984, Rakesh Sharma became the first Indian citizen to go into space, flying aboard a Soviet mission.
Sharma was one of the scientists who endorsed the 2006 proposal for an Indian manned space program.
The Indian space program, having the objective of providing space-based services to the nation in a selfreliant manner, has always made an effort to source and develop the resources it requires via the industries
based in the country.
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Some of the major firms involved in supplying equipment to the Indian Space Program:
Company
Supplier of:
Bharat Electronics
Limited
Telemetry Systems, UHF tone range receivers, command decoders, S-band

transmitters, C-band transponders for sounding rockets & launchers,
satellite communication equipment which include - antenna servo systems,
tracking receivers & PCM receivers (utilized in the PSLV project). C-band
and extended C-band uplink stations, transportable C-band TV terminals
(TRACT), precision coherent monopilse radar for launcher tracking.
Anup Engineering
Private Limited
Fabricator of SLV, PSLV & ASLV launchers' solid rocket motor cases.
Development
Consultants Pvt. Ltd.
Godrej & Boyce
Manufacturing Company
Private Limited.
Hindustan Aeronautics
Ltd.
Design and fabrication consultancy for the PSLV service structure.

Fabrication of base shroud and fin assemblies for SLV launcher.
A major contributor to the Indian Space Program. Primary involvements:
Manufacture & Assembly of advanced components and structures for
satellites and launchers for the space program and missiles. Current
projects, include producing structures for the PSLV and GSLV vehicles,
INSAT, IRS.
Hyderabad Batteries Ltd.
Contractor & manufacturer for space-qualified nickel cadmium cells, backup

silver zinc launch vehicle batteries and lithium supplies for rescue beacons.
Electronics Corp of India

Ltd.
Satellite Earth station equipment & antennas, real time computer systems,
S-band direct reception system for satellite TV.
Helios Antennas &

Electronics
Satellite Antenna systems.
Karthik Engineering
Satellite ground station antennas manufacturing.
Prabhakar Products
Manufacturers of satellite ground station antennas and handling fixtures. 214m antenna for Satellite Instructional Television, including fully steerable
servo tracking antennas for telemetry, TT&C and communications antennas
for ISRO.
INDIA'S SPACE PROGRAM

The policy of the Indian Government in space activity is under the overall responsibility of the Space
Commission. The Space Commission formulates guidelines and policies to promote the development and
application of space science and technology.
In this activity the Space Commission is supported by other national level committees, such as INSAT
Coordination Committee (ICC), the Planning Committee on Natural Resources Management System
(PCNNRMS) and the Advisory Committee on Space Sciences (ADCOS).
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The Department of Space (DOS), created in 1972, acts as the implementing arm of the Space Commission's
policies and the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), under the guidance of DOS, is the main spacededicated body to implement the national space program and meet the national developmental needs.
ISRO coordinates the space programs related to different activities such as the development of satellite
communication, earth observation, launch vehicles, space science, space-industry development and support
to disaster management. ISRO is also active in international cooperation and other tasks related to the
implementation and coordination of the national space program.
Another key actor in space activity in India is the Antrix Corporation Limited. This company is the
commercial arm of DOS and is responsible for the marketing and international promotion and exploitation of
products and services related to the Indian space program. In particular, Antrix markets subsystems and
components for satellites, undertakes contracts for satellites to user specifications, provides launch services
and tracking facilities and other related services and activities.
In close collaboration with ISRO, several specialized establishments operate under the responsibility of
DOS. These establishments, located in various places all over the country, have responsibility in different
fields of the space activity. The main space centers are:
Vikram Sarabhai Space Center (VSSC) - specialized in the development of satellite launch vehicles
and sounding rockets
ISRO Satellite Center (ISAC) - the lead center for satellite development, covering structures, thermal
systems, spacecraft mechanisms, power systems and satellite integration
Satish Dhawan Space Center (SDSC) - SHAR- Sriharikota Space Center - India's prime launching
pad facility, providing the launch infrastructure as well as solid propellant processing and their
testing. A second launch pad has been recently built at SDSC SHAR
Liquid Propulsion Systems Center (LPSC) - the lead center in the area of liquid and cryogenic
propulsion for launch vehicles and satellites
Space Applications Center (SAC) - specialized in the development of payloads for communication,
meteorological and remote sensing satellites; it conducts space applications research and
development
ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) - it provides mission support to lowEarth orbit satellites and to launch vehicle missions
Master Control Facility (MCF) - the monitoring and control center for the geo-stationary satellites
ISRO Inertial Systems Unit (IISU) - carries out research and development in inertial sensors and
systems and allied satellite elements
National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA) - an autonomous institution supported by DOS, it is
responsible for acquisition, processing and distribution of data from remote sensing satellites, based
in Hyderabad.
India has developed several national space applications: in the area of telecommunication and meteorological
satellites the Indian National Satellite (INSAT) is the organization responsible for the management and
operation of the fleet of in orbit satellites. INSAT is a joint venture between DOS, the Department of
Telecommunications (DOT), India Meteorological Department (IMD), All India Radio (AIR) and
Doordarshan.
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INSAT currently operates nine satellites (INSAT 2 and 3 series, Kalpana-1, and the most recent one, INSAT
4A, launched in December 2005). Several satellites are planned for launch in the time frame of 2006-2008,
including INSAT-3D, INSAT 4B and C, GSAT-4 and 5.
In the area of Earth Observation, the Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellite system is the world's largest
constellation of satellites in operation. It consists of seven satellites in total, IRS-1C and D, Resourcesat-1,
IRS-P3, Oceansat-1, TES and the latest Cartosat-1, the advanced mapping applications satellite (launched in
May 2005). Other earth observation satellites are planned to be launched in the 2006-2008 timeframe:
Cartosat-2, Oceansat-2 and the Radar Imaging Satellite (RISAT).
Space applications satellites are used for development activities covering the entire Indian Territory. In the
educational field, some pilot projects under the EDUSAT Program have been started in favor of schools,
colleges and other levels of education. Primary school children are covered by the Educational TV (ETV) as
well. GRAMSAT is an initiative to provide communications network for computer connectivity, data
broadcasting, TV broadcasting and e-governance. Telemedicine is a further application of satellite
communications in remote hospitals and health centers in distant villages.
In the field of search and rescue, India is a member of the international COSPAS-SARSAT program for
providing distress alert and position location service through LEOSAR (Low Earth Orbit Search and Rescue)
satellite system. In satellite Navigation, India decided to implement an indigenous Satellite-Based Regional
GPS Augmentation System also known as Space-Based Augmentation System (SBAS). The Indian SBAS
system has been given an acronym - GPS and GEO Augmented Navigation (GAGAN); the first navigation
payload is expected to be flown on the GSAT-4 satellite in 2006-07.
The National Natural Resources Management System (NNRMS), under the aegis of DOS, carries out
projects of data utilization of RESOURCESAT-1, launched in October 2003, for remote sensing and
applications such as snow cover discrimination, multiple crop discrimination, crop condition assessment,
surface wetness, delineation of soil mapping and salinity, discrimination of different forest types and crown
densities, regional level land use/land cover information and updating of regional geologic mapping.
In space transportation activity, India made rapid progress in the design, development, manufacture and
operation of two launch vehicle systems:
the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV), with a payload capability of 2000 kg, for
launching communication satellites into GTO and
the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), with a payload capability of 1600 kg, for launching
remote sensing satellites into polar orbits.
Three successful flights of GSLV have been made to date and progress is being made in the national
development of Cryogenic Upper Stage (CUS) to replace the Russian-procured cryogenic stage on GSLV.
The development of GSLV-Mk III is also on a positive path: it is a three-stage vehicle with a capability to
launch 4 ton satellites into GTO and its first launch is expected to take place in 2007-08 timeframe.
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Six successful flights of the PSLV have already taken place which has demonstrated the Indian significant
acquired capability in independent access to space. PSLV-C7 will place in orbit the Cartosat-2 remote
sensing satellite and the Space capsule Recovery Experiment (SRE) in 2006-07. PSLV-C8 is planned as a
commercial flight to launch the Italian manufactured AGILE satellite.
In Space Science, India is preparing for two important scientific missions to take place in the 2007-08
timeframe:
Chandrayaan-1 and Astrosat:
Chandrayaan-1 is India's first scientific mission to the Moon, it will carry payloads designed and developed
nationally: a Terrain Mapping Camera, a Hyper-Spectral Imager, a Lunar Laser Ranging Instrument, a Low
Energy X-ray spectrometer and a High Energy X-ray spectrometer and other instruments.
The Astrosat scientific mission will enable multi-wavelength studies of a variety of celestial sources and
phenomena using a cluster of X-ray astronomy instruments and Ultraviolet (UV) imaging telescope. The
nationally developed scientific instruments include three X-ray instruments, an Ultra Violet Imaging
Telescope and an X-ray Scanning Sky Monitor.
A significant result of the space program is the development of national industrial capabilities in several
areas of activity. The space industry partnership has allowed the participation of some 500 industries in
small, medium and large-scale sectors either through procurement contracts, know-how transfers or
provision of technical consultancy. Through its association with the space program, Indian industry is able to
develop advanced technology and to handle complex manufacturing of space systems and components.
Considering the world potential for space markets and the role played by Antrix Corporation in the
international marketing of space products and services, the activity of Indian space industries is expected to
grow further.
A scaled-down technology demonstrator is scheduled to fly around 2008.
Recently ISRO tested a scramjet air-breathing engine which produced Mach 6 for seven seconds.
ISRO is continuing research related to using scramjets in RLVs after 2010.
Space Program
The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), under the Department of Space (DOS), is responsible for
research, development and operationalization of space systems in the areas of satellite communications,
remote sensing for resource survey, environmental monitoring, meteorological services, etc. DOS is also the
nodal agency for the Physical Research Laboratory, which conducts research in the areas of space science,
and the National Remote Sensing Agency, which deploys modern remote-sensing techniques for natural
resource surveys and provides operational services to user agencies. India is the only Third World Country to
develop its own remote-sensing satellite.
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The Indian achievement in the application of space-based remote sensing technology has led a US company
to enter into an agreement for marketing the data from Indian satellites globally.
India's progress in space technology has attracted worldwide attention and demand, with leasing agreements
for marketing of IRS data and supply of space hardware and services. India also believes in co-operation in
space with agencies all over the world. A high-level UN team selected India for setting up a UN Center for
Space Science and Technology Education.
Antrix Corporation, the commercial arm of ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization), has proved to be a
rival of France and the US in the global market for space images. It sells images gathered by ISRO's five
satellites. The images are shot by cameras on ISRO's TES (Technological Experiment Satellite), which is a
state of the art eye in the sky. It provides images with a resolution as high as 1 meter. This means that it can
actually pick up an umbrella from up there in space. Antrix will earn US$ 93.58 million in 2006-07 through
launching satellites for other countries and selling space products.
Antrix's clientele includes the European Commission (for agriculture and forestry), Japan (volcanic activity),
US (telephone network mapping, rail alignments, Wal-Mart, airlines) and Thailand (information). Its images
are distributed by Space Imaging Inc and Euromap.
MAJOR EVENTS:
2004
The year 2004 was quite eventful for the Indian space program. The successful launch of EDUSAT by
India's own launch vehicle, GSLV, on September 20, 2004, was an important landmark. It was the first
operational flight of GSLV and its success demonstrated the reliability of the vehicle. The launch of
EDUSAT, India's first thematic satellite dedicated for educational services, the inauguration of the first
cluster of Village Resource Centers and further expansion of Telemedicine network reiterated India's
commitment to use space technology for societal applications. The India-US Conference on Space Science,
Applications and Commerce marked a new beginning in the India US space cooperation.
The following were the important events of the Space Program during 2004.
1. January 28, 2004: Inauguration of EDUSAT Pilot Project:
ISRO launched the EDUSAT pilot project in Karnataka as part of the first phase of EUSAT program. Under
the pilot project, Visveswaraya Technological Institute has networked about 100 engineering colleges for
conducting technological courses.
2. February 1, 2004: Atmospheric Aerosol Campaign Begins:
ISRO launched a month-long campaign on atmospheric aerosols. During the campaign, vehicle equipped
with sophisticated instruments traveled 6,000 km in south India to measure physical, chemical and optical
properties of aerosols and trace gases along the road corridors.
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The campaign, carried out as part of Geospher-Biosphere Program, was to obtain a better insight of
properties and composition of aerosols and their distribution across various latitudes.
3. June 21-25, 2004: India-US Conference:
The India-US Conference on Space Science, Applications and Commerce was held at Bangalore during with
the objective of strengthening and expanding the cooperation between India and the US in the field of space
science and applications as well as related commercial activity. About 550 delegates including 200 from US
attended the conference, which culminated with the issue of a Vision Statement for enhanced cooperation
between the two countries.
4. August 19, 2004: Airdrop Test of Space-capsule Recovery Experiment:
The airdrop test of the Space-capsule Recovery Experiment (SRE) was successfully conducted on from
Satish Dhawan Space Center (SDSC) SHAR, Sriharikota. SRE is intended for demonstrating the technology
to recover a 500 kg orbiting space capsule that will be launched by Polar Satellite Launch vehicle (PSLV)
during the second half of 2005.
5. September 20, 2004: GSLV Launches EDUSAT:
In its first operational flight, India's Geo-synchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle, GSLV, successfully
launched from Satish Dhawan Space Center SHAR, Sriharikota, the country's first thematic satellite
dedicated to educational services, the 1950 kg EDUSAT, into a precise predetermined Geo-synchronous
Transfer Orbit (GTO). EDUSAT has since been positioned in its designated orbital slot at 74 degree East
longitude in the 36,000 km high Geo-synchronous orbit.
6. October 18, 2004: Satellite-based Village Resource Centers Inaugurated:
The Prime Minister inaugurated the first cluster of four Village Resource Centers (VRC) in Tamil Nadu,
established jointly by ISRO and the M S Swaminathan Research Foundation. VRC is a totally interactive
VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) based network to provide space enabled information and a variety of
services like tele-education, telemedicine, online decision support, interactive farmers' advisory services,
tele-fishery, e-governance services, weather services and water management. VRCs will also provide
connectivity to specialty hospitals thus bringing the services of expert doctors closer to the villages.
7. November 12, 2004: MOU Signed for Indo-French Satellite Mission--Megha-Tropiques:
ISRO signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the French Space agency, CNES, for the development
and launch of an atmospheric satellite, Megha-Tropiques for investigating the contribution of the water cycle
in the tropical atmosphere to climate dynamics. India will build the Megha-Tropiques spacecraft and will
also launch the satellite using its PSLV as well as maintain the satellite in orbit, receive, process and
distribute the scientific data from the satellite. While two of the scientific instruments for the satellite will be
designed and built by CNES, the third will be jointly built by ISRO and CNES. The launch is planned by
2008-2009.
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8. November 22-26, 2004: International Lunar Conference:

The Sixth International Lunar Conference was organized at Udaipur to discuss current results on lunar
science, including questions regarding its origin and resources, the future prospects of creating a lunar base
for planetary exploration and possible human settlement. India's Chandrayaan-1 mission slated for 2007-08
drew international attention during the conference.
2005
The year 2005 ended for ISRO with the successful launch of INSAT-4A, the most advanced satellite
intended for Direct-to-Home television broadcasting services. The launch of the most sophisticated remote
sensing satellite, CARTOSAT-1, along with a micro-satellite, HAMSAT, by PSLV and commissioning of
the state-of-art Second Launch Pad at Satish Dhawan Space Center SHAR, Sriharikota were other major
events during the year. The space application program continued to make forays with the initiation of several
programs using EDUSAT and further expansion in Telemedicine network and establishment of Village
Resource Centers. Design completion and initiation of the construction of Deep Space Tracking Network
Station near Bangalore and finalization of three instruments from European Space Agency, one instrument
from Bulgaria and another two instruments from the US were important milestones during the year towards
moon mission Chandrayaan-1.
Some of the important events of ISRO during 2005 are as follows:
1. March 17-19, 2005: International Telemedicine Conference

ISRO, along with Astronautical Society of India and other agencies organized an International Telemedicine
Conference that brought out several recommendations for implementing telemedicine, particularly in
developing countries.
2. March 18, 2005: ISRO Signs Agreement for the production of Automatic Weather Station
ISRO has designed, developed and productionised an Automatic Weather Station (AWS) along with a
private company (M/s Astra Microwave Products Limited). The low cost and compact AWS record weather
data and transmits the same through the data relay transponder on board INSATs in real time.
3. May 4, 2005: Second Launch Pad Dedicated to the Nation
The President of India, Dr A. P. J. Abdul Kalam dedicated to the nation the state-of-the-art Second Launch
Pad at SDSC-SHAR, Sriharikota and maiden launch of PSLV took place from the new pad on May 5, 2005.
4. May 5, 2005: PSLV Successfully Launches CARTOSAT-1 and HAMSAT
In its ninth flight conducted from Satish Dhawan Space Center (SDSC) SHAR, Sriharikota, ISRO's Polar
Satellite Launch Vehicle, PSLV-C6, successfully launched on May 5, 2005 the 1560 kg Indian Remote
138
Sensing Satellite, CARTOSAT-1, and a micro-satellite of ISRO, HAMSAT. CARTOSAT-1 is intended for
cartographic applications while HAMSAT is India's contribution to Amateur Radio Services.
5. June 20, 2005: Antrix-EADS Astrium, Sign Cooperation Agreement
Antrix Corporation of the Department of Space and EADS Astrium, France, signed a Memorandum of
Agreement to jointly address the commercial market for communication satellites in the mass range of 2 to 3
tons. The agreement envisages optimizing ISRO's INSAT platform along with EADS Astrium
communication payloads.
6. June 27, 2005: ISRO and European Space Agency, ESA, Sign Agreement on Chandrayaan-1
ISRO signed an agreement with European Space Agency, ESA, according to which ISRO will include three
instruments of ESA on board India's first scientific mission to Moon, Chandrayaan-1. The instruments are: a
low energy X-ray spectrometer, Near Infra-Red Spectrometer and Sub keV Atom Reflecting Analyzer.
7. December 22, 2005: INSAT-4A Launched
ISRO's latest satellite, INSAT-4A, carrying 12 high power Ku-band transponders and 12 C-band
transponders for providing Direct-To-Home television services was launched by European Ariane-5 launch
vehicle from Kourou, French Guyana on December 22, 2005. The orbit raising operations to take the satellite
from 620 km X 36,000 km geosynchronous transfer orbit to 36,000 km circular geosynchronous orbit and
deployment of the solar panels and antennas were completed by December 26, 2005. The satellite is slated
for commissioning in January 2006.
2006
The Indian space program continued to make forays in the development of new technologies during the year
2006 with the successful ground testing of indigenous cryogenic stage for GSLV, good progress made in the
GSLV-Mk III project and demonstration of Supersonic Combustion Ramjet (SCRAMJET). The Commercial
activities picked up momentum with the winning of two contracts for building communication satellites for
European customers jointly with EADS, France. Space exploration mission got further fillip with
Chandrayaan-1 mission making substantial progress and ISRO agreeing to carry two US-NASA instruments
on board the spacecraft in addition to its own five primary instruments and three instruments of European
Space Agency and one from Bulgaria. As an important strategy for establishing an indigenous and
independent satellite navigation system, the government approved in May 2006, the establishment of Indian
Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS).
Space applications continued to expand reaching the benefits of space technology to a wider cross section of
the society. The EDUSAT network has expanded to 33 nodes connecting about 10.000 classrooms. ISROs
satellite based telemedicine network has expanded to connect 182 hospitals 148 remote and rural hospitals
including those in J & K, NE region and Andaman and Nicobar Islands and 34 super specialty hospitals in
major cities. So far, 130 Village Resource Centers (VRCs) have been established to facilitate access to
spatial information on important aspects like land use/land cover, soil and ground water prospects and enable
the farmers in taking important decisions based on their query.
139
The year 2006 also saw a setback when GSLV-F02 mission did not succeed. However, the space program
continued to look towards even more challenging missions and the studies conducted by ISRO for a manned
space mission were discussed by scientists in November 2006. Some of the important events during 2005 are
as follows:
1. January, 2006: ISRO Achieves Breakthrough in Supersonic Combustion Technology:
As part of advanced technology initiatives, ISRO demonstrated Supersonic Combustion Ramjet
(SCRAMJET) through a series of ground tests achieving a stable supersonic combustion for nearly 7 seconds
with an inlet Mach number of 6 (i.e., six times the speed of sound).
2. February 2006: Contract Won to Build Communication Satellites for European Customers:
Antrix/ISRO and EADS Astrium, Paris, Memorandum of Agreement, signed in June 2005 to jointly address
the commercial market for communications satellites, achieved the first success with the award of W2M
satellite contract by Eutelsat Communications. One more contract was won during the year under this MOA
to build Highly Adoptable Satellite, HYLAS, for Avanti Screen Media. The satellites will be built by ISRO
while EADS, Astrium, will build the communication payloads.
3. May 9, 2006: ISRO-NASA MOU on Chandrayaan-1:
ISRO and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) of USA signed Memoranda of
Understanding (MOU) according to which India will include two US Scientific instruments on board
Chandrayaan-1. These are in addition to three instruments from European Space Agency and one from
Bulgaria. The primary Indian scientific instruments on board Chandrayaan-1 include: Terrain Mapping
Camera (TMC), Hyper Spectral Imager (HySI), High-Energy X-ray spectrometer (HEX), Lunar Laser
Ranging Instrument (LLRI) and Moon Impact Probe (MIP). Chandrayaan-1 is Indias first mission to moon,
planned in early 2008.
4. May 2006: Government Approves Establishment of Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System
(IRNSS):
The Government approved the establishment of an Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS)
with a constellation of seven satellites to be realized over 6-7 years to provide navigation and timing services
over the Indian subcontinent. The satellites are to be launched using Indian launch vehicles. IRNSS is an
important component of the Indian strategy for establishing an indigenous and independent satellite
navigation system.
5. July 10, 2006: GSLV- F02/ INSAT 4C Mission:
INSAT 4A Satellite Launch Unsuccessful:

July 10, 2006
INSAT-4C was to be India's most advanced communications satellite, and was the second satellite in the
INSAT 4 series. The heaviest satellite to be launched from the Indian soil, INSAT-4C weighed 2168 kg, and
140
was designed to last for 10 years. The satellite would have given a boost to Direct-to-Home television
services, video picture transmission and digital satellite news gathering, and would have also provided space
for National Informatics Centers VSAT connectivity.
After the failure of the Agni III missile, India's space program received a major setback on Monday when the
Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV-F02) carrying the INSAT-4C communication satellite
veered from its projected path and came crashing down.
Indian Space Research Organization Chairman G. Madhavan Nair, admitting the failure of the mission, said,
"Things have gone wrong in the stage of separation (of the booster from the launch vehicle). We have to
analyze the data why it went wrong."
The launch vehicle, carrying the 2,168 kg satellite to boost Direct-to-Home television service and digital
news gathering, deviated from its chartered path soon after lift-off from Satish Dhawan Space Center in
Sriharikota at 1738 hours and disintegrated into a ball of fire.
Soon after the failure of the mission, ISRO officials put the entire system on "emergency condition".
The jubilation among the scientists at the control station of the space center immediately after the launch
soon turned into despair as the launch vehicle hurtled down into the Bay of Bengal.
The INSAT-42 launch debacle came a day after the Agni-III nuclear-capable ballistic missile with a range
upto 3,500 km, failed to hit its target off the coast of Orissa and splashed into the sea.
The INSAT-4C satellite was the heaviest in its class. This was the first launch of GSLV from the Rs. 350crore sophisticated launch pad, commissioned in May 2005.
The 49-meter-tall, 414 ton GSLV was a three-stage vehicle. The first stage, GS1, comprised a core motor
with 138 ton of solid propellants and four strap-on motors, each with 42 tons of hypergolic liquid propellant.
The second stage had 39 ton of the same hypergolic liquid propellant.
The third (GS3) was a cryogenic stage with 12.6 ton of liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen.
The INSAT 4C, the second satellite in the INSAT 4 series, was aimed at strengthening video picture
transmission besides providing space for National Informatics Centers VSAT connectivity.
The lifespan of the satellite was expected to be 10 years. Sources in Bangalore-based ISRO said the cost of
building INSAT-4C, which was equipped with 12 ku-band transponders, was in the region of 18.11
million, while another 27.17 million was spent on GSLV.
However, an ISRO official has estimated the cost of the mission at 289.765 million.
Monday's launch was the second operational flight of GSLV, the first being orbiting of EDUSAT in
September 2004.
141
Monday's was the first ever launch of an INSAT-class satellite for commercial gains from home soil. It was
also for the first time that India's space agency attempted to put into space a two-ton class satellite.
After the launch vehicle exploded, the debris fell into the Bay of Bengal, Nair said in his post-launch press
conference.
Asked what would be the fate of those who had booked transponders in the ill-fated satellite, he said, "We
will negotiate with them and also find other capacities."
Admitting that Monday's mission had been a failure, Nair said, "It is a setback. But we had continuous
success 11 times. Our boys did an excellent job for this mission. We have to see why it has happened."
Nair said, "It is a very rare phenomena. We will address the issue and find a solution and have a successful
launch within a year."
Asked whether Monday's mishap would have an effect on ISRO's marketing plans of satellite launches, he
said, "Once we analyze the data and find a solution, our market will come back to us."
The setback would not affect the Mark III GSLV launch, he added.
Narrating the sequence of events, Nair said the lift off was normal and was following the trajectory, but it
suddenly deviated at about 60 seconds after lift off.
Some parts of the launch vehicle also broke up, he said.
"Out of four strap-on motors, the pressure in one dropped to zero. It did not have the required thrust beyond
40-45 seconds. We noticed divergence of angle. Normally, a four degree deviation is okay but it deviated by
10 degrees. In any case, we have a huge volume of video data which we will analyze. We have already
initiated this," he said.
"When the flight deviated beyond permissible limits, we gave a destruct command for safety," he said.
On Agni III's failure on Sunday, he said, "I am not aware of the reasons for Agni III's failure. Unless I
analyze the data, I can't say anything."
On ISRO's future plans, he said "We are building another satellite to be launched in early 2007 (INSAT-4B).
It is a heavier satellite and would be launched from Kouvarv."
Meanwhile, the failure of INSAT 4C meant that plans on Direct-To-Home television services and digital
satellite news gathering of some channels which had booked transponder space, particularly Sun TV, have
been hit.
Sun TV had booked seven high-powered ku-band transponders -- six for DTH, and one for DSNG -- of the
total 12 carried by INSAT-4C, the second satellite in the INSAT-4 series.
142
CNBC, Times TV and Kairali were among those who had booked space for DSNG operations on two
transponders while the National Informatics Center had leased three for its VSAT connectivity.
Sri Lankan broadcaster Rupavahini is also said have booked space. The transponders were designed to
provide DTH television services, facilitate video picture transmission and DSNG.
6. October 28, 2006: Testing of Indigenous Cryogenic Stage:
ISRO achieved a major milestone in the development of indigenous Cryogenic Upper Stage for GSLV when
the stage was tested for duration of 50 sec. The indigenous cryogenic stage is planned to be flight tested in
GSLV- D3 mission in 2007-08.
7. November 7, 2006: Scientists Discuss Indian Manned Space Mission:
8. About 80 senior scientists from across the country discussed the studies conducted by ISRO related to
Indian Manned Space Mission at Bangalore. The scientists were unanimous in suggesting that the time
is appropriate for India to undertake a manned mission.
ISRO Launch Vehicles:
SLV - 3
Weight (t): 17
Payload (kg): 40
Height (m): 22
Orbit: Low - earth orbit
143
ASLV
ASLV is a five-stage vehicle employing solid propellant capable of placing 150

Kg class satellites in near-circular orbit. It was successfully launched in May
1992 and May 1994, placing SROSS Scientific Satellites in orbit.
Weight (t): 39
Payload (kg): 150
Height (m): 23.5
Orbit: Low - earth orbit
Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV)- below
Developmental flights completed with successful third developmental launch in March 1996.
IRS-1D launched by PSLV-C1 on September 29, 1997.
Now available for launching 1,000-1,200 kg class of remote
sensing satellites into polar sun-synchronous orbit.
IRS-P4 (OCEANSAT) and two piggy back small satellites Korean KITSAT and German TUBSAT launched by PSLV-C2
on May 26, 1999.
Technology Experiment Satellite (TES) of ISRO, BIRD of
Germany and PROBA of Belgium - into their intended orbits
launched by PSLV-C3 on October 22, 2001.
The 1060 kg KALPANA-1 satellite - into a Geosynchronous
Transfer Orbit (GTO) launched by PSLV-C4 on September 12,
2002.
RESOURCESAT-1 (IRS-P6) satellite launched by PSLV-C5 on
October 17, 2003.
CARTOSAT-1 and HAMSAT satellites launched by PSLV-C6
on May 5, 2005.
Weight (t): 294

Payload (kg): 1000-1200
Height (m): 44.43
Orbit: Polar orbit
144
Stage-1
Stage-2
Stage-3
Stage-4
Core PSI + Strap-on

PSOM 6Nos.
PS2
PS3
PS4
Propellant
Solid HTPB Based
Liquid UDMH+
N2O4
Solid HTPB
Based
Bi-Prop MMH
+ N2O4
Propellant Mass (tons)
138.0 + 6X9.0
40.6
7.2
2.0
Stage Mass (tons)
229
46
8.4
2.89
Max Thrust (kN)
4628 + 662 x 6
725
340
7.4 x 2
Burn time (sec)
107.4
45
163
76
415
Stage Dia (m)
2.8
1.0
2.8
2.0
1.3
Stage Length(m)
20
10
12.5
3.6
2.1
SITVC for Pitch & Yaw,

Reaction control
Thrusters for roll. SITVC
in 2 PSOMs for roll
control augmentation
Engine Gimbal for

Pitch & Yaw, Hot
Gas Reaction
Control Motor for
roll control
Flex Nozzle for

Pitch & Yaw,
PS4 RCS for
roll control
Engine Gimbal
for Pitch, Yaw
and roll On off RCS for
coast phase
control
Nomenclature
Control
GSLV has been developed to launch the 2500 kg INSAT class of satellites into
geosynchronous transfer orbit. While the initial flights had cryogenic upper stage
supplied by Russia, ISRO has developed indigenous cryogenic stage for use in
subsequent flights.
Lift-off mass (t): 401t
Height (m): 49m
Heat-shield: Diameter: 3.40m,
Length: 7.8m, Dynamic envelope: 3.05m
145
MAJOR INDIAN SPACE MISSIONS 2005 - 2008
Mission
IRS
INSAT
2005-
2006-
2007-
2006
2007
2008
CARTOSAT2
4A
OCEANSAT2
4C
RISAT-1
4B
4D
METSAT
Expt/
4E
INSAT-3D
SRE-1
GSAT-4
GSAT(MK III)
Tech
Payloads
SPACE SCIENCE
CHANDRAYAAN
ASTROSAT
PSLV
C7
C8
C9
C10
C11
GSLV-MK I & II
F2
F4
D3
F5
F3
GSLV-MK III
D1
The Society of Indian Aerospace Technologies & Industries (SIATI)

Address:
AeSI Building, Suranjandas Road,

Off Old Madras Road,
Bangalore 560 075
Karnataka
India
Contact:
Air Commander (Retired) J. Varkey Honorary Secretary General
Telephone:
Fax:
E-Mail:
Website:
+91--80-2527-5262 / 2521-9951
+91-80-2529-2440
siati@dataone.in
www.siatiaero.com
146
Profile:
Society of Indian Aerospace Technologies & Industries (SIATI) was founded in the year 1991 with the basic
objective to bring together various industries, R & D and other organizations in the country engaged in the
field of Aerospace on a common platform to provide interaction among themselves as well as with overseas
industries / organizations to enhance growth opportunities for all. The formation of the SIATI was the
initiative of Dr. C.G.Krishnadas Nair, former Chairman, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Bangalore on
receiving the National Aeronautical Prize (1990), from the Aeronautical Society of India instituted by
Aeronautics Research & Development Board, Ministry of Defense for his outstanding fundamental and
applied work in Aeronautical Technology.
The council of trustee of SIATI consists of eminent persons drawn from Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd., Indian
Space Research Organization, Aeronautical Development Agency, Directorate of Aeronautics, Directorate
General of Civil Aviation and Private Entrepreneurs. The Society as of today has about 300 Small/Medium
Scale Industries as its members enjoy the patronage of lead Aerospace organizations including R & D in the
country. SIATI conducts Seminars and Workshops of tropical interest in Aerospace Technologies. R & D
Managements, Production, Quality etc. It leads delegations to participate in National / International Air
shows, Exhibitions and Interactive workshops with overseas Aerospace organizations and Societies and
encourages entrepreneurs for Joint Venture, Co-Development and Co-production in Aerospace.
SIATI has instituted several awards for recognizing outstanding achievements in aerospace technology
development and indigenization.
Product List:
Aircraft, Helicopter, Satellite Structures/Launch Vehicle, Balloon Manufacturer

Airline Operators, Charter Operators, Aerial Services
Avionics/Radars
Castings And Forgings
Consumables
Design Agency-Aircraft / Aero-engine / Systems
Electrical / Electronics Components/Systems
Government Organizations, Associations, Professional bodies
Ground Support Equipments, Measuring & Test Equipment
Jigs, Fixtures, Gauges & Tools
Machines / SPMs
Maintenance/Overhaul Engineering Services
Marketing, Consulting, Technology transfer, Business support
Materials(Metallic & Non-Metallic)-Raw or Shaped
Power Plants, APU, Starters Manufacturers
147
Software & Systems, Product Life Cycle Management, Knowledge Engineering

Standard Parts/Fasteners
Stocking, Distribution-Aircraft Spares & Rotables
Air Commander (Retired) J. Varkey was formerly Chief Resident Engineer - (Aircraft),
Research and Development Organization, Ministry of Defense. He was heading this
organization for ten years till his retirement in January 1993. He has been Hony. Secretary
General since the inception of SIATI in 1990. Air Cmde J. Varkey is also the Chief
Executive of M/s J.K. Consultants, a company engaged in the Airworthiness and
Certification activities. He advises the member industries on Airworthiness and
Certification.
Air Cmde J. Varkey is a graduate in Engineering and was commissioned in the Indian Air force in 1961. He
had done the Advance Air Armament course and awarded the symbol p.t.s.c. His service was seconded to
Research and Development Organization, Ministry of Defense, in September 1970 until he retired. He has to
his credit the certification of Air Armament System, Ejection and Escape Aid System of HF-24 (Marut) A/c,
HJT-16 (Kiran) Aircraft, Ajeet A/c,
He is the fellow of Aeronautical Society of India, and Institution of Engineers.
SIATI has the largest number of members from the Indian Aerospace / Aero-engineering and Aeronautical
Industries and they co-ordinate a lot of industrial related work through them, while they also manufacture
Aero- products on their own.
Larsen & Toubro Ltd. (L &T) Its All About Imagineering

- Heavy Engineering Division
Address:
D Building Ground Floor,

Powai (West),
Larsen & Toubro Limited,
Mumbai 400 072
Maharashtra
India
Contact:
Mr. T. J. Ravindran
Joint General Manager (JGM) Special Products, Heavy Engineering Division,
Telephone:
Mobile:
Fax:
Residence:
+91-22-6705-3117
+91-98212-37824
+91-22-6705-1480
+91-22-2789-9884
148
E-Mail:
Web site:
tj.ravindran@hed.ltindia.com
www.lnthed.com
Profile :
Larsen & Toubro Limited (L&T) is a technology-driven engineering and construction organization, and one
of the largest companies in Indias private sector. It has additional interests in manufacturing, services and
Information Technology.
L&T was founded by two Danish engineers, Henning Holck-Larsen and Soren Kristian Toubro in Mumbai
(Bombay) in 1938- both of whom were strongly committed to developing India's engineering talent and
enabling it to meet the demands of industry. Beginning with the import of machinery from Europe, L&T
rapidly took on engineering and construction assignments of increasing sophistication. Today, the company
sets engineering benchmarks in terms of scale and complexity. It now has a major presence in key sectors of
the economy. The evolution of L&T into the country's largest engineering and construction organizations is
among the more remarkable success stories in Indian industry.
A strong, customer-focused approach and the constant quest for top-class quality have enabled the Company
to attain and sustain leadership in its major lines of business across seven decades.
With factories and offices located around the country, further supplemented by a comprehensive marketing
and distribution network, L&T enjoys an image and equity in virtually every district of India.
The Company has an international presence, with a global spread of offices and joint ventures with world
leaders. L&Ts large technology base and pool of experienced personnel enable it to offer integrated services
in world markets.
L&T is Indias largest builder of world-class, custom-made engineering equipment with logistics capabilities
of supplying it to a tight delivery schedule worldwide. It has globally-benchmarked workshops at Powai in
Mumbai, Hazira and Baroda in Gujarat, and Kansbahal in Orissa.
L&T is consistently expanding the magnitude, scope and range of its operations to offer value-addition to
client and shareholder alike. With its unique strengths technological sophistication, quality consciousness,
top-class manpower L&T strides into the future, confident of conquering the challenges ahead.
L&T Business Portfolio
The L&T Group comprises six operating Divisions - Engineering & Construction Projects
- Construction
- Heavy Engineering
- Electrical & Electronics
- Information Technology
- Machinery & Industrial Projects
149
Each Division comprises sectors, which in turn are made up of Strategic Business Units (SBUs).
L&T has an international presence, with a global spread of offices. A thrust on international business over
the last few years has seen overseas earnings growing to 18 per cent of total revenue. With factories and
offices located around the country, further supplemented by a wide marketing and distribution network,
L&T's image and equity extends to virtually every district of India.
L&T believes that progress must necessarily be achieved in harmony with the environment. A commitment
to community welfare and environmental protection constitute an integral part of the corporate vision.
Record of Achievements
L&T's signature of excellence is evident on:
India's first indigenous hydro-cracker reactor

Oil and gas platform projects executed to global benchmarks
The world's largest continuous catalyst regeneration reactor
The simultaneous execution of clean fuel projects at eight refineries around India
The world's biggest fluid catalytic cracking regenerator
The world's longest product splitter
Asia's highest viaduct - built for the Konkan Railway
The world's longest LPG pipeline
The world's longest cross country conveyor
Building an international class football stadium in 260 days
Heavy Engineering
L&T is acknowledged as one of the top five fabrication companies in the world, with engineering and
manufacturing capabilities that are among the most sought after in industry.
Operating at the high end of the technological spectrum, L&T has led Indian
industry in introducing new processes, products and materials in
manufacturing. L&T also has the logistics capabilities of fabricating and
supplying over-dimensional equipment to tight delivery schedules. L&T's
globally-benchmarked workshops are located in Mumbai, Hazira, Baroda
and Kansbahal.
L & T have had a long and close association with the Indian Space
Research Organization (ISRO). From small steps to giant leaps, from the
tentative probes made by the early satellite launch vehicles to the preliminary efforts for second generation
launchers, with ISRO we have developed a special professional relationship that is best described as synergy
in space.
150
L & T draws on their rich reservoir of technological expertise and proven capability for high-precision
fabrication to answer the unique challenges of space. Most of all, they draw on an entity almost as limitless
as space itself - the power of the human mind.
L & T is strongly committed to extending and enhancing their capabilities in aerospace engineering, for they
believe that space is neither the first nor the final frontier. It is the threshold.
Research & Development - key to the future

It takes a Company empowered with a unique vision to take to a road where
the signposts are few. L&T Heavy Engineering Division has been moving
along its chosen path for over five decades. Their investments in extending
resources and upgrading facilities have powered our foray into areas that few
companies touched. The results are obvious: an R&D base on par with global
standards. And yes, the signposts have been set up in their wake.
R&D activities include process engineering, product development, mechanical design and analysis, process
evaluation, computer aided design and simulation, technology absorption and adaptation, commissioning,
troubleshooting and failure analysis.
High-tech Fabrication - from mega-tons to microns
Action must follow vision, and the power to do must complement the power
to dream. L & Ts manufacturing facilities their workforce and their
machines - are geared to meet the exacting demands. A range of state-of-theart facilities gives L & T the capability to aim for and achieve accuracy
levels up to 1 micron.
Project Management - the orchestration of expertise

L & T has been orchestrating projects of unprecedented
sophistication and scale for decades. Many of India's biggest
projects and its most high-tech plant and systems carry their
insignia of excellence. They have set up projects in sectors
that meet vital needs - power, oil & gas, cement, steel.... Space is no exception.
151
Strategic Capabilities
It is the ability to use high-tech skills and facilities as a strategic resource that distinguishes companies with
capabilities in aerospace engineering from the rest. We have developed these capabilities through the fusion
of decades of expertise and a high order of technical expertise.
L & T have developed expertise in the following areas:
System design and engineering

Performance simulation
Precision manufacturing
Integration
Testing and evaluation
Upgradation of system
Project management
Specific technologies include development of:
High - performance servo drives (hydraulic as well a all-electric

for tracking, positioning and velocity controlled applications)
Complex structures of high stability
Digital electronic controllers and man-machine interfaces
Leveling and stabilization systems of exceptional performance
Errors analysis
Predicting systems performance through dynamic simulation
Track Record
Motor casing for stage I and stage II with canted convergent / divergent nozzles for SLV-3 and
ASLV (Low Earth Orbit Satellite)
Motor casing for boosters with convergent / divergent nozzles
Titanium gas bottles for liquid stages
Titanium dynamic mock-up tank for liquid upper stages
SS spiral heat exchangers
Mixing bowls
Jigs and fixtures for critical applications
L & T have also carried out in-house development of weeding procedures for exotic materials and special
machining processes for materials required specially for space application, such as maraging steel, 15CDV 6,
titanium, silicon steel and special alloy steel.
152
Additional Contacts:
International Business
Contact:
Tel:
Fax:
Aerospace and Aviation Business:
Contact:
Tel:
Fax:
Mr. R P Saxena / Mr. A S Pathak

+91-22-5505-2754 / 3485
+91-22-5505-1611
Nuclear Equipment Business:
Contact:
Tel:
Fax:
Mr. T J Ravindran / Mr. A W Rego / Mr. H M Vedant

+91- 22-5505-3117 / 2972 / 3551
+91-22-5505-1611
Marine Business:
Contact:
Tel:
Fax:
Mr. R S Bhatia / Mr. Kaushik Banerjee

+91-22-5505-3971
+91-22-5505-1611 / 1076
Mr. A V Parab
+91-22-5505-2431 / 4136 / 2968
+91-22-5505-1611
Weapon Systems & Sensors Business:
Contact:
Tel:
Fax:
Mr. J D Patil / Mr. S Ranganathan / Mr. D Brahmachari / Mr. N M Athawale

+91-22-5505-2021 / 2010 / 2969
+91-22-5505-1076
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)
Address:
HAL Corporate Office

15 / 1 Cubbon Road,
Bangalore 560 001
Karnataka
India
153
Chief Executive Officer:
Mr. Ashok K. Baweja
Contact:
Mr. M. Balaraman
Telephone:
Fax:
91-80-2286-5197
91-80-2286-7140
E-Mail:
Website:
marketing@hal-india.com
www.hal-india.com
Corporate Communications
Address:
Chief of Media Communications & Official Spokesperson

15/1 Cubbon Road
Bangalore 560 001,
India
Telephone:
Fax:
E-Mail:
91 -80 2286-4934
91 -80-2286-2334
cmc@hal-india.com
Marketing
Address:
GM (Marketing)
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
15/1 Cubbon Road
Bangalore 560 001,
India
Telephone:
Fax:
E-Mail:
91 - 80 - 22865197
91 - 80 - 22867140
marketing@hal-india.com
SUPPLIERS:
GM (Integrated Material Management)
Address:
15/1 Cubbon Road

Bangalore 560 001,
India
Telephone:
Fax:
91 - 80 - 22860292
91 - 80 - 22867234
154
E-mail:
imm@hal-india.com
The Early Years

Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) came into existence on 1st October 1964. The Company was
formed by the merger of Hindustan Aircraft Limited with Aeronautics India Limited and Aircraft
Manufacturing Depot, Kanpur.
The Company traces its roots to the pioneering efforts of an industrialist with extraordinary vision, the late
Seth Walchand Hirachand, who set up Hindustan Aircraft Limited at Bangalore in association with the
erstwhile princely State of Mysore in December 1940. The Government of India became a shareholder in
March 1941 and took over the Management in 1942.
Today, HAL has 16 Production Units and 9 Research and Design Centers in 7 locations in India. The
Company has an impressive product track record - 12 types of aircraft manufactured with in-house R & D
and 14 types produced under license. HAL has manufactured 3550 aircraft (which includes 11 types
designed indigenously), 3600 engines and overhauled over 8150 aircraft and 27300 engines.
HAL has been successful in numerous R & D programs developed for both Defense and Civil Aviation
sectors. HAL has made substantial progress in its current projects:
Dhruv, which is Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH)

Tejas - Light Combat Aircraft (LCA)
Intermediate Jet Trainer (IJT)
Various military and civil upgrades.
Dhruv was delivered to the Indian Army, Navy, Air Force and the Coast Guard in March 2002, in the
very first year of its production, a unique achievement.
HAL has played a significant role for India's space programs by participating in the manufacture of
structures for Satellite Launch Vehicles like
PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle)

GSLV (Geo Stationary Launch Vehicle)
IRS (Indian Remote Satellite)
INSAT (Indian National Satellite)
There are three joint venture companies with HAL:
BAeHAL Software Limited

Indo-Russian Aviation Limited (IRAL)
Snecma HAL Aerospace Pvt. Ltd
155
Apart from these three, other major diversification projects are Industrial Marine Gas Turbine and Airport
Services. Several Co-production and Joint Ventures with international participation are under consideration.
HAL's supplies / services are mainly to Indian Defense Services, Coast Guards and Border Security Forces.
Transport Aircraft and Helicopters have also been supplied to Airlines as well as State Governments of India.
The Company has also achieved a foothold in export in more than 30 countries, having demonstrated its
quality and price competitiveness.
HAL has won several International & National Awards for achievements in R&D, Technology, Managerial
Performance, Exports, Energy Conservation, Quality and Fulfillment of Social Responsibilities.
HAL was awarded the INTERNATIONAL GOLD MEDAL AWARD for Corporate Achievement
in Quality and Efficiency at the International Summit (Global Rating Leaders 2003), London, UK by
M/s Global Rating and UK in conjunction with the International Information and Marketing Centre
(IIMC).
HAL was presented the International - ARCH OF EUROPE Award in Gold Category in
recognition for its commitment to Quality, Leadership, Technology and Innovation.
At the National level, HAL won the "GOLD TROPHY" for excellence in Public Sector Management,
instituted by the Standing Conference of Public Enterprises (SCOPE).
The Company scaled new heights in the financial year 2004-2005 with a turnover of 821 million and
export over 27.17 million.
156
157
International Customers
Airbus Industrie, France

APPH Bolton, UK
BAE Systems, UK
Chelton, UK
Coast Guard, Mauritius
Corporate Air, Philippines
Cosmic Air, Nepal
Dassault Aviation, France
Dowty Aerospace Hydraulics, UK
EADS, France
ELTA, Israel
Gorkha Airlines, Nepal
Hampson, UK
Honeywell International, USA
Island Aviation Services, Maldives
Israel Aircraft Industries, Israel
Messier Dowty Ltd., UK
Mistubishi Heavy Industries, Japan
MOOG, USA
Namibian Air Force, Namibia
Peruvian Air Force , Peru
Rolls Royce Plc, UK
Royal Air Force, Oman
Royal Malaysian Air Force, Malaysia
Royal Nepal Army, Nepal
Royal Thai Air Force, Thailand
Smiths Industries, UK
Snecma, France
Strongfield Technologies, UK
The Boeing Aircraft Company, USA
Transworld Aviation, UAE
Vietnam Air Force, Vietnam
Domestic Customers
Air India
Air Sahara
Airports Authority of India
Bharat Electronics
Border Security Force
Coal India
Defense Research & Development Organization
(DRDO)
Govt. of Andhra Pradesh
Govt. of Jammu & Kashmir
Govt. of Karnataka
Govt. of Maharashtra
Govt. of Rajasthan
Govt. of Uttar Pradesh
Govt. of West Bengal
Indian Air force
Indian Airlines
Indian Army
Indian Coast Guard
Indian Navy
Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)
Jet Airways
Kudremukh Iron ore Company ltd.
NALCO
Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Ltd.
Ordnance Factories
Reliance Industries
United Breweries
National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL)

Address:
P.B. No. 1779,

Airport Road,
Kodihalli,
Bangalore 560 017
India
Dr. A.R. Upadhya
Contact:
Dr. K. Yegna Narayan Program Director
Telephone:
Fax:
91-80-2527-0584
91-80-2526-0862
E-mail:
Website:
director@css.nal.res.in
www.nal.res.in
Profile:
National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL), a constituent of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
(CSIR), is India's pre-eminent civil R&D establishment in aeronautics and allied disciplines. NAL was set up
at Delhi in 1959 and moved to Bangalore in 1960.
NAL's primary objective is the "development of aerospace technologies with strong science content and with
a view to their practical application to the design and construction of flight vehicles". NAL is also required
"to use its aerospace technology base for general industrial applications".
NAL's core competence spans practically the whole aerospace spectrum. Over the years, NAL has made very
significant contributions to all Indian aerospace programs; often even setting the national agenda for such
programs. During the last decade NAL has spearheaded the effort to design and develop small and mediumsized aircraft for the civil sector.
NAL's real strength lies in its vast reservoir of expertise and facilities created over the years. With this
imposing infrastructure, NAL has been very successful in obtaining a large number of R&D contracts for
testing and subsystem development for various national programs as well as industries all over India and
abroad. In the past decade, NAL undertook approximately 400 projects worth about 60 million US$. Over
the last few years, NAL has earned more than 60% of its budget through external resources, a unique
achievement for CSIR laboratories.
NAL is well-equipped with modern and sophisticated facilities which include national facilities like the
Nilakantan Wind Tunnel Centre and the computerized full-scale fatigue test facility. The various facilities
and multi-disciplinary expertise, developed primarily for the aerospace sector, are also utilized in other
sectors involving high technology. NAL is recognized as a centre for failure analysis and extends its support
in investigating failures and accidents both for aerospace and other general facilities. Other major facilities at
NAL include: the acoustic test facility, turbo machinery and combustion research facilities, Composite
Structures Laboratory, black box readout systems and the FRP fabrication facility.
NAL's current staff strength is 1250. About 100 of NAL's 350 R&D scientists hold Ph.D. degrees.
It is thus in a unique position to offer R&D support, expertise and services to both aerospace and nonaerospace sectors of industry. Some major recent contracts include: development of carbon fiber composite
wings for India's Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) program, design, development and fabrication of a fully
automated autoclave for Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), development of co-cured fin and rudder for
LCA and a shake test facility for HAL's Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH).
159
Spin-off technologies from aerospace R&D activities have significantly contributed to the non-aerospace
sector everywhere in the world. Conscious of this aspect, NAL has made special efforts to identify those
developments which could result as off-shoots from the main R&D programs. About 30 such technologies
developed over the last decade have been successfully licensed and transferred to 54 industries against a
premier value of 100,000 US$. The cumulative production value of these technologies is over 10 million
US$.
NAL's models for business development activities include in-house projects leading to commercialization,
sponsored projects, industry-lab linkages, multi-agency collaborative projects and international contracts.
During the last 24 months, NAL has obtained 12 contracts worth over 25 million US$. NAL has also
undertaken about a dozen international projects for Boeing, USA; Civil Aviation Authority, UK; IBM
Corporation, USA; Hitachi, Japan etc.
NAL has therefore come a long way from its modest beginnings in 1959-60 when it was housed for some
time in the stables of a former Maharaja's palace in Bangalore. This development has been possible because
of the vision and commitment of its former Directors: Dr P Nilakantan, Dr S R Valluri, Prof R Narasimha Dr
K N Raju, Dr T S Prahlad and Dr B R Pai.
Bharat Electronics Ltd.

Address:
Outer Ring Road,

Nagavara,
Bangalore 560 045
India
Mr. K. Prakash
Contact:
Mr. Amarendra D. Assistant General Manager (AGM)
Telephone:
Fax:
91-80-2503-9300
91-80-2503-9291
E-Mail:
Website:
imd@bel.co.in
www.bel-india.com
Profile:
With over four decades of manufacturing experience Bharat Electronics Limited has pioneered the
professional electronics movement in India. With continuous upgradation of technology, commitment to
quality and constant innovation, BEL has grown into a multi product, multi unit, and multi-technology
company.
160
BEL has set up impressive infrastructure and manufacturing facilities in their nine ISO certified production
units around the country.
BEL has also established two joint ventures - with General Electric Medical Systems, USA for X-ray tubes
and Multitone, UK for paging systems and has a subsidiary company BEL Optronic Devices Limited for the
manufacture of Image Intensifier tubes.
Component Manufacturers
Research & Development and Design & Development
Type of Competence
Light and Utility aircraft design &
development
Computational Fluid Dynamics
Experimental Aerodynamics &
Trisonic Wind
Tunnel testing
Flight Mechanics & Control
Structural Design, Analysis,
Testing
Aerospace Material Testing &
Analysis
Surface Modification
Composites
Aerospace Electronics & systems
Simulation & Modeling
Software /Firm ware development
to specification
Full Scale Fatigue Testing
Acoustics testing
Propulsion Testing
Salient Projects
Key Facilities
HANSA
Trisonic aerodynamic facilities
SARAS
with three (1.2m, 0.6m & 0.3m
LCA Composite Structure
square)
Aircraft wake Vortex modeling for Wind Tunnels
CAA
Full scale fatigue test facilities
Powered Hand glider
Composite structure laboratory
Automatic visual Range Assessor
Large computer controlled
General purpose structural analyses autoclaves
Software
Acoustic test facility
Lug Damage tolerance testing for
Materials lab
Boeing
Surface engineering lab
Development of Structural
Extensive modeling capabilities &
Ceramics for INSA de Lyon, France PLM capabilities
Supercomputing capabilities
High Mach No. Cooled turbine
Cascade testing for P&W
161
Manufacturing / Fabrications / Assembly - 1

Type of Competence
Precision Machining
Salient Projects
Key Facilities
Extensive CNC machining-3 axis/4 axis/5
ALH
axis; CAD/CAM/CIM/FMS/CMM for:
LCA
Accuracies of 0.005mm Al, Inconel,
SARAS
Nimonic, steel alloys, Ti alloys machining
Various Engines
Satellite & Launch Vehicle Programs Thin walled structural parts 5.0x1.2m
Bladed components
Export work packages from GE/G
Shafts
KN Westland
Casings/Rings
Sheet Metal Parts
Various Aircraft Programs
Presses of various capabilities

All sizes and shapes
Manufacturing / Fabrications / Assembly 2

Type of Competence
Light and Utility aircraft
design & development
Computational Fluid
Dynamics
Experimental Aerodynamics &
Trisonic Wind
Tunnel testing
Flight Mechanics & Control
Structural Design, Analysis,
Testing
Aerospace Material Testing &
Analysis
Surface Modification
Composites
Aerospace Electronics &
systems
Simulation & Modeling
Software /Firm ware
development to specification
Full Scale Fatigue Testing
Acoustics testing
Propulsion Testing
Salient Projects
HANSA
SARAS
LCA Composite Structure
Aircraft wake Vortex modeling
for CAA
Powered Hand glider
Automatic visual Range
Assessor
General purpose structural
analyses Software
Lug Damage tolerance testing
for Boeing
Development of Structural
Ceramics for INSA de Lyon,
France
High Mach No. Cooled turbine
Cascade testing for P&W
Key Facilities
Trisonic aerodynamic facilities with three
(1.2m, 0.6m & 0.3m square)
Wind Tunnels
Full scale fatigue test facilities
Composite structure laboratory
Large computer controlled autoclaves
Acoustic test facility
Materials lab
Surface engineering lab
Extensive modeling capabilities & PLM
capabilities
Supercomputing capabilities
162
Type of
Salient Projects
Competence
Cables/Cable
Jaguar
Looms/Assemblies ALH
Chetak / Cheetah
LCA
Satellites and Launch
Vehicles
Various other Programs
Key Facilities
R.F. Coaxial cables with PTEF dielectric, silver plated
copper braid outer conductor & PTRE outer jacket.
RG 310, RG 179, RG 178, RG 303, RG 142
RG 400, RG144, RG 402, RG 393 & RG 180
Uniradio M 107
MIL-DT;-1553 B data bus cable
PTFE insulated wires & cables as per AIR 4524E
Polyamide Insulated & Polyimide Lacquered wires as per
MIL-DTL-22759
Cable as PER mil-dtl-27500 h having basic core wires as
per MIL-DTS-81381 & MIL-DTL-22759 as above
Range of conductor size: AWG 26 to 0000
Fire Resistant Flight Critical wires & Cables as per MILDTL--35038 7 MIL-DTL-37500 H
"K" Type Thermocouple Extension Cable as per MIL-W5846C
BS 2937 & PAN 75-6420
Finished Products &Systems

Nature of
Competence
Batteries
Salient Projects
Key Facilities
Various Aircrafts and Space

Primary/Rechargeable Silver Oxide, Zinc and
Programs
rechargeable Nickel Cadmium
Batteries and Silver Chloride Magnesium, seawater
activated Battery for Aircraft/Space applications.
Connectors
Various Aircrafts and Space Hi-performance Connectors

Programs
CardEdge, Heavy duty, euro, Pressfit, D-Sub, flat Cable,
Post & Box,
IC/PGA/PLCC sockets, Mil-C-26482
Series1 Series2 and Mil-C038999 series III circular
connectors, Terminal Blocks Umbilical Connectors
Embedded system LCA

products
Space Programme
FADEC Programmes
Full life scale development for mission safety critical

real time Embedded System involved DOC178B &
DOC2167A Standard.
163
Nature of
Competence
Salient Projects
Fasteners/Hardware
Various Aircrafts and space

Programs
Filters

Programs
Key Facilities
Air, Fuel, Hydraulic Oil Filters
GPS/Navigation

Programs
Soft Solutions for

GPS/DGPS applications
Non Precision approach systems
Integration of GPS and Non-GPS based
Navigation
Electronic /
Electrical
Components
Switches/Relays

Programs
Temperature Based Instruments and Control

systems, Thyristorised DC Drives, RPM and Speed
Control Monitors
Disposable thermocouples, Oxygen Probes
Lamps
Brushless Motor Components
LCD Modules Transmitter Switches Plug
Electric Fuses
Fire detection Alarm suppression System
Thermistors
Capacitor and Ignition Systems
Antennas
Rubber parts
Rubber and pressed sheet metal components

Rubber Compound & Components
O' Ring, Oil seal, Engine Mounts, Gaskets,
Bellows extruded rubber profiles rubber to metal
bonded components
164
Materials & Consumables

Nature of
Competence
Salient Projects
Key Facilities
Castings &
Forging
Various Aircrafts and Space Closed Die Steel Forgings /2kg tc 500 Kg,
Programs
Aluminum forgings Steel Forged parts, Aluminum/Copper
forgings, Hot extrusion, Titanium and Nickel based Alloy
forgings, Ring Forgings, Open Die Castings, Precision
Investment Castings, Intricate Castings in Al and Mg
Alloys, Cavity Die casting.
Raw Materials
(Metallic / Non
Metallic)
Various Aircrafts and Space Carbon Cloth, Tool and Valve Steels
Aluminum Sheet/Foil Extrusion/Alumina/Primary Metal
Programs
Glass Fabrics, Brass Strips and Copper based alloys Super
Alloys for compressed Discs, Turbines Disc,
Combustion Chamber Titanium Alloys for compressor
Blades/discs High Performance Ceramics
Light Alloys (wrought, rolled & extruded)
High Density High purity Isotropic graphite,
Non-Ferrous Metal Powders
Consumable
General Purpose
Paints, Silicone, Fluro Rubber, Putties, Adhesives

Aviation Lubricants Plasma Spray Coating
Rust Preventive, Dust Clearance
Prepegs Honeycomb Epoxy Resin
Decreasing Chemical NDT Chemicals
Synthetic Enamels, High Temperature Paints Chlorinate
Rubber Paints, Insulating varnish for Aircraft-Spacecraft.
Tools / Test Equipments / GHE

Nature of competence Salient Projects
Test Equipment
Programs
Key Facilities
Hydraulic, Fuel, Electrical Electronic PC based
Modular
Tools / JIGS / Fixtures Various Aircrafts and Space

Programs
Intricate Machining and Fabrication Facilities
GSE / GHE
General Purpose
Ground Power Unit

Hydraulic Test Rig
Aircraft Fuelling and refilling system
Aircraft Staring System
Ground Trolley and Trailers
Hydraulic Trolley
Air Data Test Systems
165
Service & Support

Nature of Competence
Maintenance/Repair/Overhaul
-Aircraft
-Engines
-systems/ Instruments
Salient Projects
Aircraft
HS748/DO228
A300/A310/A320
B747-200/300/-400
B737/F-27/Alouette/Lama
Bell 206/230/407/412
DHC 6-300/ Twin Otter and
Cessnas
Key Facilities
Avionics Lab
Instruments Lab
Electrical Lab
APU Repair and Overhaul
Wheel assembly
NDT Checks
Airframes, Engines Checks
A,B,C,D
Major Modifications
Engines
GE CF 6
P&W JT8D, JT9D-7, JT15D4/5, PW4000 V2500
Honeywell ATF3
TPE731-3/TPE 331-3/5/6
PT6A-20/27/41/42/112
PT 6T-3
Stocking /Warehouse/Supply Lycoming Series Piston
engine
chain
ITES / Documentation
Engineering / Knowledge
Engineering / Training
DGCA Approved Organization
ALH
Various Programs
Extensive Computer Hardware and Software

skilled manpower
Various Programs
Skilled and Experienced

Consultant in most activities of aviation
aerospace
Consulting /Business Support
Scope for Work and Opportunities
Driving factors for co-operation Shifting markets

o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Need for rationalization and consolidation

Ever growing complexity of products
Greater financial risks
Limited R & D budgets
Need for economies of scale
Escalating costs of state of - the - art technologies
Severe global competitive environment
166
Co-operation Possibilities:
o
o
o
o
o
Joint R&D, D&D and Co-development

Co-production
Joint venture
Outsource products & services
Support centers
Why India is Being Considered a Design Center to the World

o
o
o
o
50% reduction in cost

Time differential; stretched shift; compressed project cycle
Access to designers with engineering acumen
English - globally accepted business link language
Co-Production: production of Aircraft, Assemblies and systems:

o
o
o
o
o
HANSA/SARAS/ALH (Possibly)
MTA and MTA assemblies
International aircraft programs : Boeing, Airbus, ATR assemblies Systems
Modular, scalable assemblies & components
Universals MFDs ; Filters; Pumps; Air data probes; Cable looms / Hose Assemblies; Fuel Tanks;
Blades; Role equipment; Bearings; Seals
Joint Venture:
o Joint Venture as against co-production envisages setting up businesses on risk sharing basis either in
India or in other countries to undertake projects as mentioned under co-production.
o Out sourced products & services for Indian companies relating to Indian projects bagged by overseas
companies or gain global contracts keeping Indian resource advantage into account.
Establish support centers with the help of Indian companies, examples are:
o
o
o
o
o
Customer support/product support centers

Value addition/ value engineering centers
Warehouses for the region.
Supply chain/logistics bases.
Also service & support centers overseas for ALH, SARAS and later on MTA. Jointly with Indian
companies
167
Software Capabilities:
Domain Expertise
Product Lifecycle Management

CAD / CAM / CAE / DM / PDM
Embedded Applications
Software Validation & Verification
Software development
Design And development company - CAD.CAM,CAE PDM and
Engineering Software development
Tel: +91-80-2220-0995 / 6 / 7
Fax: +91-80-2220-0998
Email: info@csmsoftware.com
Software Applications , embedded and real time solutions
Verdant Telemetry
(Contact details mentioned below)

Enterprise Management Solutions , Engineering Software
Applications
Tel: +91-80-25225867
Contact: Mr. M.K. Govind
Email: mkgovind@baehal.com
Full Life-Cycle development of Mission Critical Embedded Software
involving DOD-2167A and DO 178B Standards: GPS and
Navigation Applications
Accord Software & Systems Pvt.

Ltd.
Tel:+91-80-2556-0105 / 0136 / 0138

(1)703-916-0623
Fax:+91-80-2554-2723
(1) 703-916-0624
email: contactus@accord-products.com
CAD / CAM / CAE company
Tel: +91 80 2520 1360
Fax: +91 80 2520 1359
168
Embedded and Real time applications

Spectrum Infotech
Tel: +91 80 5551740 / 41

Email: spektrum@vsnl.com
Software Quality , testing and validation checks
Tel :91-80-664-6034
Email: info@relq.com
CAD and Related Services

o Detailing
o Legacy Data Conversions
o CAD Modeling
o Wire Bundling
o Manufacturing Simulation
o Design Optimization
o Design data management
o Digital Mockups
o Data Interoperability for other downstream applications
CAE Competency
Design and Development
o Aerodynamic Design and Analysis
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
o Wing
o Fuselage
o Control Surface
SYSTEM DESIGN
o Mechanical
o Hydraulic
o Thermal
MCAE
DESIGN VALIDATION
o Finite Element Analysis
169
o
o
o
o
o

Weight and Balance Analysis
Power Plant Analysis
Materials and Process Analysis
Control Analysis
Test Data Management

o Managing and analyzing dynamic technical data, such as vibrations, shocks, acoustics and thermal
measurements or test reports.
o And other range of applications including:
Technical database
Signal analysis (radars, ecc.)
Comparison of measured and predicted data
Test management
Real-time or off-line test analysis
Derivation of test specifications
Supervision of data acquisition
Real-time database
Product Data Management System Study

o
o
o
o
o
Work Flow Design

Bill of Materials
System Integration
Customization & Tailoring
Implementation of PDM
Embedded Application
Real Time software Solutions
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Flight Control Systems

Flight Management Systems
Advanced Electronics Instrumentation Systems
Power Control & Monitoring System
Glass Cockpit Displays
Flight Warning Systems
Highway Monitoring Systems
Data acquisition systems
Mission computing
Digital map displays
Digital radio processing
170
o Radar and sensor suite processing

o Signal intelligence processing
o Infra-red tracking and imaging
Expertise
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
RTOS like Win CE, On-Time, VxWorks, pSOS, EPOC

Blue Tooth and RF (data) applications
Analog Data Acquisition: Precision Measurement
Bus techniques including PCMCIA, PCI, Compact PCI, SmartCard
Control techniques including PID control, Fuzzy Logic
Software development techniques include object-oriented : analysis, design, and programming
Device Driver development
Real Time Embedded / Avionics: Logiscope, LDRA Test bed, Ada Test, ATTOL & CANTATA ++
Real Time Embedded Avionic software for safety critical and mission critical systems for commercial and
military aircrafts
Testing and QA
Technology Expertise
o Technology for Aerospace V&V and Testing as per specified standards: DO-178B, DOD-STD2167A, ISO / IEC 12207
o Specialized Technology for Web Testing (FURPSSI), Real Time and
Embedded Systems
o Test Methods for Web Portals and e-engineering Applications
o Framework for Test Productivity Tools
o Plug-ins for Market Standard Test Automation Tools such as Mercury Interactive, Rational and
Segue
o Technology for Designing Test Cases
o Judging Stability of the Product, determining Test Stop Criteria
o Test effort Estimation
Specialized services:
o
o
o
o
PerformanceQ: Pre-Release Software Testing

SecureQ: Check and make sure that your applications/ network / intranet are secure
AutomateQ: Test automation using industry standard tools
OutsourceQ: Take up complete testing & QA responsibility
171
Software Development
Focus Areas
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Enterprise Management Application like ERP / SCM / CRM

High end Client-Server Applications
Data warehousing
Database Management systems
Web based Solutions
Real Time Embedded Systems development
Development of interfaces between different software
Virtual Reality Modeling
Engineering Software Development

Customization
o Build geometry, materials and FEM libraries.
o Utilize the Patran Command Language (PCL) as a parametric modeling tool for FEM/FEA.
Integration
o Assemble commercial and in-house proprietary solvers into a unified environment.
o Provide transparent inter-application data management and seamless data exchange.
o Enable client/Server data management and exchange
o Solution Consulting
o Application Implementation
o Automation
172
Opportunities
Indian Aviation/aerospace market
o
o
o
o
India needs civil aircraft worth US$ 20 billion in next ten years.
Airport infra-structure worth US$ 3.5 billion required during the current decade.
Maintenance market including spares currently estimated to be US$ 100 million annually.
Indias defence budget exceeds US$ 12 billion annually.
Current & Future Transport Aircraft programs

o
o
o
o
o
Multi purpose Cargo 15-20 tones 100 + troops Carrier

Small Commuter 10 / 20 Seater
Medium size commuter 30 / 50 / 70 Seater
100+ Seater passenger
150,200+ & large civil aircrafts required
Current & future Military Aircraft Programs

o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
IJT
AJT
Deep Penetration strike(SU-30)
LCA
MCA
Micro / Mini & UAVs
Multi Role Helicopter (ALH)
Light Combat Helicopter (LCH)
Aircraft Upgrade & Life Extension
Some Aerospace Component Manufacturers Contacts

Product List
Aircraft, Helicopter, Satellite Structures / Launch Vehicle, Balloon -Manufacturer
Company Name: ACF Systems (P) Ltd
Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
R.V. Zaveri
13, Millers Tank Bund Road, Bangalore 560 052.
+91-80-2226-9040
+91-80-2220-5330
rakshazaveri@hotmail.com
173
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------o Balloon Manufacturing for Aerospace Organizations
o Paratrooper Training Balloons
o Cargo carrying remotely controlled Balloons
o Air Defence Barrage Balloons and Communication Balloons.
Company Name: Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Aircraft Division

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
G. Parasurami Reddy
Aircraft Division, Vimanapura Post, Bangalore 560 017.
+91-80-2522-5201
+91-80-2522-5188
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------The Division is equipped with modern infrastructure in Plant and Equipment like CAD CAM,
Manufacturing Engineering, Quality Assurance and Customer Support System. The Division has
manufactured over 1,500 aircraft of various types. With experience and capabilities built over the past five
decades, the Aircraft Division is bidding for a substantial share in the international aeronautical market.
Currently, the Division is manufacturing the Jaguar International Aircraft under license from British
Aerospace, UK. In a major diversification initiative, the Division is now manufacturing and exporting high
precision aircraft components and sub-assemblies for commercial aircraft.
Company Name: Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd., Aircraft Division Nasik

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
S R Jaurkar
Aircraft Division Nasik, Ojhar Township P.O. Dist. Nasik 422 207.
+91-2550-275333, +91-2550-275433
+91-2550-275-825 / 275-399
haltlxnsk@sancharnet.in
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------o MiG-21 Aircraft Variants
o MiG-27M Aircraft
o Su30MKI Aircraft
o Undercarriages for LCA
o Mirage
o ALH
174
Company Name: Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd., Transport Aircraft

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
D.K. Mahajan
Transport Aircraft Div., P.O. 225, Chakeri, Kanpur 208 008.
+91-512-240-2774
+91-0512-245-0505 / 2245-0085
halknp@vsnl.net
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Dornier DO-228, Avro HS-748, HPT - 32
Company Name: Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Dr.K.Kasturirangan - Director - Publications & Public Relations

Antariksh Bhavan,New BEL Road, Bangalore 560 094, INDIA
+91-80-2341-5474
+91-80-2341-2253 / 5229
info@isro.org
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------The prime objective of ISRO has been to develop space technology and its application to various national
tasks. Since 1969, when it was set up, ISRO has established space systems like the INSAT for
telecommunication, television broadcasting and meteorological services, and the Indian Remote Sensing
Satellites (IRS) for resources monitoring and management. ISRO has also developed the satellite launch
vehicles PSLV and GSLV to place these satellites in the required orbits.
Company Name: Taneja Aerospace and Aviation Ltd. (TAAL)

Contact # 1: Mr. Nicholas D Belbin - CEO (Aerostructures)
Address:
TAAL
Thally Road, Belagondapally,
Hosur - 635 114,
Dharmapuri Dist.,
Tamil Nadu
India.
Tel.:
Mobile:
Fax:
E-Mail:
+91 4347 233358 (Direct)

+91 99007 11807
+91 4347 233414
nbelbin@taal.co.in
175
Contact # 2: Mr. K Harinath - Senior GM (Technical & Business Development) (Aerostructures)

Address:
TAAL
Akshaya Commercial Complex, 2nd Floor,
26, Victoria Road,
Bangalore - 560047,
Karnataka
India.
Tel:
Mobile:
Fax:
E-Mail:
+91 80 25574600
+91 98452 93831
+91 80 25574617
kharinath@taal.co.in
Contact # 3: Mr. Anil Bonal - AGM (Planning & Procurement) (Aerostructures)

Address:
TAAL
Hosur - 635 114,
Dharmapuri Dist.,
Tamil Nadu
India.
Tel.:
Mobile:
Fax:
E-Mail:
+91 4347 233508

+91 98457 83323
+91 4347 233414
anilbonal@taal.co.in
Contact # 4: Mr. S. V. N. Murthy - Chief Engineer (MRO)

Address:
TAAL
Hosur - 635 114,
Dharmapuri Dist.,
Tamil Nadu
India.
Tel:
Mobile:
Fax:
E-Mail:
+91 4347 233470

+91 94426 32508
+91 4347 233414
svnmurthy@taal.co.in
176
Contact # 5: Mr. Santosh Deshpande - Head of Aircraft Sales & Support

Address:
TAAL
26, Victoria Road,
Bangalore - 560047,
Karnataka
India.
Tel:
+91 80 25574618 (Direct)

+91 80 25574600 (Board)
+91 98451 89245
+91 80 25574617
santosh@taal.co.in
Mobile:
Fax:
E-Mail:
Contact # 6: Mr. C S Kameswaran - Managing Director

Address:
TAAL
26, Victoria Road,
Bangalore - 560047,
Karnataka
India.
Tel.:
Fax:
E-Mail:
+91 80 2557 4610 / 2557 4600

+91 80 2557 4617
csk@taal.co.in
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Manufacture of 6 Seater P68C aircraft, 11 Seater Viator Aircraft and Hansa Trainer aircraft. Design and
development of 14 Seater Saras aircraft, manufacture of aircraft and aerospace structure parts, components
and aero-structure assemblies. Air Charter Service, maintenance of Civilian and Defence Aircraft, aviation
related software development
Alliances:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Authorized Sales Representatives of Cessna Aircraft Company, USA for their Citation range of aircraft.
177
Avionics / RADARS
Company Name: Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd., Avionics Division, Hyderabad
Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
S.K. Rawal
Avionics Division, HAL Township (P.O) Hyderabad 500 042.
# 91-40-387-8978
# 91-40-387-8187
halhdimm@ap.nic.in
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Manufacture / Repair / Overhaul of Communication, Navigation & Ground Control Radar Equipment
for use by Indian Defence Forces.
Retro-Modification: Expertise in trial installation of Avionics Systems on fixed and rotary wings of
combat and transport aircraft and helicopters.
Excellent facilities and procedures exist for defect investigation, repair and overhaul of Russian,
Western and indigenous airborne equipment.
Certifications:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Hindustan Aeronautics Limited is Public Sector Undertaking under Ministry of Defence Avionics Division
Hyderabad (Established in 1965) is one of the divisions of HAL
Company Name: Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd., Avionics Division, Korwa

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax :
Email:
Mr. Ram Baran

Avionics Division, Korwa, P.O HAL Korwa 227 412, Amethi,
Dist. Sultanpur (U.P.)
+91-5368-55-083 / 55-005 / 22-185
+91-5368-22-186 / 22-183
halkorwa@rediffmail.com
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Manufacture / Repair / Overhaul of Communication, Navigation & Ground Control Radar Equipment for
use by Indian Defence Forces. Retro-Modification: Expertise in trial installation of Avionics Systems on
fixed and rotory wings of combat and transport aircraft and helicopters. Excellent facilities and procedures
exist for defect investigation, repair and overhaul of Russian, Western and indigenous airborne equipment.
178
Company Name: Karnataka Hybrid Micro Devices Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Email:
Website:
Prof. E.S. Dwarakadasa - CEO

Plot No. 103, 4th Cross, Keonics Electronic City, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560 100.
+91-80-2852-0208 / 2852-1456
+91-80-2852-0209
info@khmdl.com (General)
seshakhmd@sify.com
www.khmdl.com
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Design development of HMCs subsystems for Automobile space, Aerospace, Defence telecommunication,
Turnkey solutions in developing of Avionics electronics, warfare systems, Advanced HMCs for spacecraft
and defence application.
Company Name: Verdant Telemetry

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
URL:
Email:
Louis J. George
Konthuruthy, Cochin 682 013.
# 91-484-266-3104
# 91-484-266-3576
www.verdanttelemetry.com
verdant@vsnl.com
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Airborne Antennas
Airborne Radomes & Structures
Aerospace Composite Components
Terrestrial / Tactical Antennae
Castings & Forging

Company Name: Ahmednagar Forgings Ltd. (Amtek Group of Companies)
Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
J.S. Mody
D-95, MIDC Area Post Box.No.2 Ahmednagar 414 111.
+91-241-277-7347 / 277-7348
+91-241-277-7547
aflngr_anr@sancharnet.in
179
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Produce & supply closed Die Ferrous Forgings upto 50 Kgs weight.
Company Name: G Plast (Pvt.) Ltd.

Contact Person:
Mr. G.D. Gopal Chief Managing Director (CMD)

Mr. Bobby Chengappa Director
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Gopal Bagh, 1062, Avanashi Road, Coimbatore 641 018, Tamil Nadu.
+91-422-221-3798
+91-422-221-2760
gplast@vsnl.com
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rapid Prototyping
Design Services
Tool Room
Injection Molding
Pressure Die Casting
Precision Machining
Company Name: Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Foundry Forge Division

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
URL:
Email:
Products:
M.S. Venkatesh
Foundry & Forge Division P B No.1791, Vimanapura Post, Bangalore Complex,
Bangalore 560 017
+91-80-2523-4610 / 0423
+91-80-2523-5521
http://www.hal-india.com/FoundryAndForge/contactus.asp
halffmkt@bgl.vsnl.net.in
http://www.hal-india.com/FoundryAndForge/products.asp
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Manufacture of Radiographic Quality Intricate Shape. Al & Mg. Alloy Sand Castings, Al. Alloy Gravity Die
Castings, Forgings, Precision Blades Forgings, Seamless Rolled Rings and Powder Metallurgy items. Also
having a full - fledged material - processing lab to carry out chemical, mechanical & metallurgical tests.
Central Material & Testing Laboratory for Chemical Mechanical & Metallurgical Testing of various
Materials.
180
Company Name: Investment & Precision Castings Ltd

Contact Persons:
Mr. P.A. Subramanian Managing Director

Mr. Piyush I. Tamboli Executive Director
Mr. Mehul B. Tamboli Executive Director
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
URL:
Email:
Nari Road, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India 364 006

# 91-278-252-3300 to 304
# 91-278-252-3500 to 502
www.ipcl.in
direct1@ipcl.in
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Foundry to produce Lost Wax Investment Castings
Manufacturer of Investment Castings
Microfusion
Feinguss
Company Name: Ordnance Factory

Contact Person:
Tel:
Mr. M.S. Gopalaswamy Sr. General Manager

+91-7104-237-325
Contact Person:
Tel:
Mr. Rajive Agarwal Additional General Manager

+91-7104-234-717
Contact Person:
Tel:
Fax:
Mr. G.C. Rout Joint General Manager

+91-7104-235-616
+91-7104-235-616
Contact Person:
Tel:
Mr. P.K. Garg Joint General Manager (Nodal Officer for e-procurement)
+91-7104-235-133
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
URL:
Email:
Facilities:
Ambajhari Defence Project, Nagpur 440 021

+91-7104-237-845 to 49
+91-7104-237-705
http://ofbindia.gov.in/units/index.php?unit=ofaj
ofaj_ngp@sancharnet.in / ofaj@nagpur.dot.net.in
http://ofbindia.gov.in/units/index.php?unit=ofaj&page=facilities&lang=en
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------The factory produces mainly Ammunition Hardware and Al Alloy Bridges intended for Armed Forces. Our
major Customers are our Sister Factories who are engaged in filling these with explosives and after Proof
Testing, issue to the consignee. The Bridges are directly supplied to Army.
181
The Factory is also producing Special Aluminum Alloys to meet the requirement of Air Craft Industry and
Space application. These are basically import substitutes. Our Major customers in these fields are HAL
Bangalore, ADA Bangalore, ISRO, DRDO, LPSC etc.
Certifications:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------ISO 9001 Company Certified by BVQI
Company Name: Steel & Industrial Forging Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
URL:
Email:
Cdr. (Retd.) K. Shamsuddin Managing Director

P.K. Satheesan
Silk Nagar, Athani P.O Thrissur 680 771. Kerala
+91-487-220-1751 / 220-1752 / 220-1334
+91-487-220-1753 / 220-1331
www.siflindia.com
siflc@sancharnet.in / sifl@md3.vsnl.net.in
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Developed various critical forgings out of special metals viz. Titanium & Aluminum alloys, Nickel &
Stainless steel for Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. for their Adour and Arstoute aero engine projects, for Indian
Space Research Organization for the SLV projects.
Other Sectors involved in:
Agriculture
Automotive
Defence
Earth Moving
Heavy Engineering
Railways
Consumables
Company Name: Amar Formulators & Electronics Pvt. Ltd.
Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
M.G. Prakash Managing Director

Rajashree II Cross, No.24/25, Journalist Colony, Bangalore 0 560 002.
+91-80-2225-7907 / 2670-7911
+91-80-2226-3557
gpft@rediffmail.com
182
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Manufacturers of different types of epoxy Resin for Airborne applications
Developed a numbers of import substitute epoxy adhesives & sealant
Plant and equipment for epoxy formulation with in-house laboratory
Company Name: AVI-Oil India Pvt. Ltd. - A Joint Venture of Indian Oil Corporation
Ltd. (IOCL), Balmer-Lawrie & Co. Ltd. and NYCO S.A. of France
Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
J. R. Nanda
c/o Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., 607, Surya Kiran Building, 6th Floor, 19 Kasturba
Gandhi Marg, New Delhi 110 001
+ 91-11-2331-3392
+ 91-11-3357671
info@avi-oil.com
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Plant and Laboratory
Production of Mineral and Synthetic Aviation Lubricants
Aviation Lubricating Oils, Greases, Hydraulic Fluids, Protectives and Specialties
Alliances:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------A joint venture of Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., Balmer-Lawrie & Co. Ltd. and NYCO S.A. France set up for
the indigenous production and supply of aviation and allied lubricants to the Defence Services, Civil
Aviation and Industrial Sector.
Company Name: Envair Electrodyne Ltd.

Contact Person:
Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
URL:
Email:
Mr. Narender Sharma

Mr. S.R. Mirashi
Plot No. 117 S-Block, MIDC Area Bhosari, Pune 411 026
+91-20-2712-0121
+91-20-2712-0316
www.envairelectrodyne.com
envairelectro@vsnl.net
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Hydraualic Oil Cleaner
183
Company Name: Fortran Cirkit Electronics Pvt. Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. Noor M. Saied

Plot 44 / 53, Developed Plot Estate, Old Mahabalipuram Road, Perungudi, Chennai
600 096 Tamil Nadu
+91- 2496-0035 / 2496-1754 / +91-2496-1627 / 2496-1752
+91-2496-1755
noorsaied@yahoo.com / fortrancirkit@yahoo.com
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Thermal Management related to polyamide.Developed a number of import substitute epoxy adhesives &
sealant
Company Name: Grand Polycoats Co. Pvt. Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Tel:
Fax:
URL:
E-Mail:
Mr. Ketan Majmumdar Manager, Marketing

204, Siddharth Complex, R.C. Dutt Road, Vadodara 390 007 Gujarat
+91-265-233-3981 / 235-0103
+91-265-233-7022
www.grandpolycoats.com
business@grandpolycoats.com
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------High performance industrial paints and coatings based on polyurethane, Epoxy, Heat Resistant, Ethyl Zinc
Silicate, Alkyds, Chlorinated Rubber and Special Polymers, Ployurea & Elastomeric Polyurethane.
Company Name: Hardcastle & Waud Mfg. Co. Ltd.

Contact Person:
Mr. B.L. Jatia Chairman & Managing Director

Mr. O.P. Adukia President
Mr. Hasmukh Gandhi Director
Mr. Tushar Agarwal Director
Mr. N.S. Karnavat Director
Address:
Gate No. 10, Brabourne Stadium, 1st Floor, 87 Veer Nariman Road, Mumbai 400 020 Maharashtra
+91-22-2283-7658-63
+91-22-2287-3176
www.hawcoindia.com
ho@hawcoindia.com
Phone No:
Fax:
URL:
Email:
184
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Heat Treatment Chemicals & Salts
Metal Working Chemicals
Resins,etc.
Manufacturing / distribution of Holdtite, Rustolene, Leakguard etc.
Marketing / distribution of WD 40
Company Name: The Metal Powder Company Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. Gunasingh Chelladurai Managing Director

Mr. Pradeep pradeep@mepco.co.in
Mr. S. Rao srao@mepco.co.in
Maravankulam Thirumangalam 625 706, Madurai District, Tamil Nadu.
+91-04549-281-995 (4 lines) & 280-599 / 329-995 to 329-998
+91-04549- 280-689
mepco@pronet.net.in / info@mepco.co.in / karthi@mepco.co.in /
saravanan@mepco.co.in / eprabu@mepco.co.in
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Manufacture and Sale of Non-Ferrous Metal Powders, Alloy Powders, Non-Ferrous Alloys, Metal Oxides,
Metal Salts, Aluminum Pastes and Red Phosphorus.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Asias largest manufacturers of Non-Ferrous Metal Powders.
Design Agency-Aircraft / Aeroengine / Systems

Company Name: G Plast (Pvt.) Ltd.
Contact Person:
Mr. G.D. Gopal Chief Managing Director (CMD)

Mr. Bobby Chengappa Director
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Gopal Bagh, 1062, Avanashi Road, Coimbatore 641 018, Tamil Nadu.
+91-422-221-3798
+91-422-221-2760
gplast@vsnl.com
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rapid Prototyping
Design Services
Tool Room
Injection Molding
185
Pressure Die Casting

Precision Machining
Company Name: Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Engine Division

Contact Person:
E-Mail:
Mr. V. Ananda Murthy Executive Director

ed.engines@hal-india.com
Address:
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Bangalore Complex, Post Bag No. 9310, Bangalore
560093
+91-80-2524-3628 / 2753
+91-80-2524-0180 / 4686
gm@giasbgb1.vsnl.net.in / customer_support.engines@hal-india.com
http://www.hal-india.com/Enginebangalore/products.asp
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Products:
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Manufacture and Overhaul of Aero engines & their accessories.
Company Name: Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd, Aircraft Research & Design Centre
Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
URL:
E-Mail:
Mr. Yogesh Kumar

Aircraft Research & Design Centre, Design Complex, Marathahalli,
Bangalore 560 037
# 91-80-5233035
# 91-80-5234320
www.hal-india.com/aircraftdivisionbangalore.asp
mohan@ardc.hal-ndia.com
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Design & Development of Aircraft IJT (International Jet Trainer HJT-36)
Design and Manufacture of:
Jigs Fixtures and Templates

Press Tools
Composite Moulding Tools
Forming Tools for Transparencies
Acceptance Gauges / Jigs
Tooling Masters
Structural Assembly Jigs
Ground Support Equipment for Aircraft
186
Company Name: Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd., Accessories Division

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. S.C. Gulati

Accessories Division, Lucknow, HAL Post, Lucknow 226 016
+91-522-340-351 / 52, 350-996 / 97 / 98
+91-522-340-335 / 340-338
halldlw@sancharnet.in / halldmktg@rediffmail.com
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Fuel System Accessories
Instrument Accessories for complete range of a/c produced by HAL Mechanical
Hydro-mechanical Accessories

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. S.K. Rawal

Avionics Division, HAL Township (P.O), Hyderabad 500 042 Andhra Pradesh
+91-40-387-8978
+91-40-387-8187
halhdimm@ap.nic.in
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Manufacture / Repair / Overhaul of Communication, Navigation & Ground Control Radar Equipment for use
by Indian Defence Forces. Retro-Modification: Expertise in trial installation of Avionics Systems on fixed
and rotary wings of combat and transport aircraft and helicopters. Excellent facilities and procedures exist
for defect investigation, repair and overhaul of Russian, Western and indigenous airborne equipment.
Certifications:

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. Ram Baran

Avionics Division, Korwa, P.O HAL Korwa 227 412, Amethi, Sultanpur (U.P.)
+91-5368-55083 / 55005 / 22185
+91-5368-22183 / 22186
Product & Services:

by Indian Defence Forces.Retro-Modification: Expertise in trial installation of Avionics Systems on fixed
187
and rotory wings of combat and transport aircraft and helicopters.Excellent facilities and procedures exist for
defect investigation, repair and overhaul of Russian, Western and indigenous airborne equipment.
Company Name: Rotary Wing Research & Design Centre

Contact Person:
Mr. K.S. Sudheedra
Address:
Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd., Vimanpura P.O., Bangalore 560 017
Phone No:
+91-80-2523-4349
Fax:
+91-80-2526-0747
Product & Services:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Design & Development of Helicopters and related systems
Can undertake development of rotor blades for windmills
Company Name: Taneja Aerospace and Aviation Ltd. (TAAL)

(Contact details mentioned earlier)
Electrical / Electronic Components / Systems

Company Name: Compupower Pvt. Ltd.,
Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. Jagdish P. Yerubandi Managing Director

F-18, Sri Sai Apartments 6-3-596/21/8&9, Erramanzil Hyderabad 500 082.
+91-40-2335-4583 / 2331-7923
+91-40-2339-4654
jagadish@hd1.vsnl.net.in
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Pioneers in design, Development, Manufacture and Marketing of Power Systems and other specialised
products for defence, Telecom, Railways and industrial application.
Company Name: Elsonic Santo Corp.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
URL:
Email:
Mr. K.C.R. Bhatt Chartered Electronics Engineer & Managing Director

No.12, Queens Road
+91-80-2226-6205
# 91-80-2225-5870
http://www.elsonic.com
elsonic@technologist.com
188
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Active Peripheral Solar Powered Barrier Security Fences, Airport and Seaport Security Systems with
Computerized Monitors with Mobile/VHF Communication, High Voltage Peak Reading Meters &
Accessories, Emergency Lamps, Battery Chargers, High Voltage Power Supplies.
Certifications:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------ANZ Standards
Alliances:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electric Fence Energizers, Alarm Monitors & Solar Panel Regulators in collaboration with Pakton
Technologies Pty. Ltd., Australia.
Company Name: Flexitron

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. R.S. Hiremath - CEO

114, 6th Cross, 6th Block, Koramangala, Bangalore 560 095
+91-80-2553-1512 / 2553-1502
+91-80-2553-1502
flexitron@usa.net
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Bird reppellers, Security Lighting Systems, Emergency Equipments, Solar lighting systems, Solar guiding
lights - Emergency Equipments - Solar lighting systems - Solar guiding lights
Company Name: HBL Power Systems Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
URL:
Email:
Mr. R.K. Mathur

No. 8-2-601, Road No.10, Banjara Hills Hyderabad- 500 034, A.P.
+91-40-2335-5575
+91-40-2335-5085
www.hbl.in
contact@hbl.in
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Pioneers in design, Development, Manufacture and Marketing of Power Systems and other specialised
products for Aviation, Defence, Telecom, Railways and Industrial applications.
189
Company Name: Karnataka Hybrid Micro Devices Ltd.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Contact Person:
Prof. E.S. Dwarakadasa - CEO
Address:
Plot No. 103, 4th Cross, Keonics Electronic City, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560 100.
Phone No:
+91-80-2852-0208 / 2852-1456
Fax:
+91-80-2852-0209
Email:
info@khmdl.com (General)
Email:
seshakhmd@sify.com
Website:
www.khmdl.com
Product & Services:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Design development of HMCs subsystems for Automobile space, Aerospace, Defence telecommunication,
Turnkey solutions in developing of Avionics electronics, warfare systems, Advanced HMCs for spacecraft
and defence application.
Company Name: Southern Electronics (Bangalore) Pvt. Ltd.

Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
URL:
Email:
16-A, Peenya Industrial Area, Phase - I, Peenya, Bangalore 560 058.

+91-80-2839-4292 / 8545 and +91-80-3928-0341
+91-80-2837-2902
www.southernelectronicsbangalore.com
southern@vsnl.com / seonics@touchtelindia.net
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------A small scale unit engaged in the manufacture and marketing of testing and measuring instruments, items for
airborne applications, test equipment for ground use, items for armaments and Fire Detection Alarm and
Suppression Systems for Battle Tanks, Aircrafts and Heavy Earth Moving vehicles etc.
The core strength of the Company lies in conceptualizing customer needs and offering State of the Art
Technology based solutions to complex, problems.
The vast exposure in Digital Electronics, Electrical, Mechanical, Pneumatic, and Hydraulic Engineering have
given the company strength and ability to take up development and manufacture of a wide spectrum of
products.
The company has all infrastructures, mostly in house, which has enabled it to add a wide range of products.
Some of their products include:
Digital clock for fitment on helicopter/aircraft PART SE 1010

High energy ignitionunit PART NO.HE-175
Intercom system for CHEETAH
Ejection energised V/UHF Radio Alarm System
190
Adaptercable assembly, PART NO. CH-IC-11

Fire detection and warning system for light combat aircraft, PART NO.SE-FDWS
Radio selector units PART NO.SE-ERSU-72D/1 AND SE-ERSU-74A/1/1
Junction box PART NO. SE EJB 72D/1
Ground crew jack box PART NO SE-GCJB-01
Fire warning control box, PART NO. SEFWCBJ
Electronic timer - TYPE FM 803
Company Name: United Telecoms Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Website:
Cmde. (Retd.) V.V.M. Rao, GM - Strategic Electronics

18A / 19, Doddanekundi Industrial Area, Mahadevapura Post, Bangalore 560 048.
+91-80-2852-4032 / 050 / 088 / 192
+91-80-2852-4191 / 4073
gmse@utlindia.com
www.utlindia.com
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electronics wired, wireless & fiber optics communications wide range of products. Networking State &
country-wide WANs,. Cellular communications networks engineering services. System integration &
software solutions NMS, On-line Transaction processing, embedded systems, DSP etc. Microelectronics
design VLSI, ASICS- Analogue, Digital, RF & Mixed signal. Printed Circuit Boards large scale
manufacture exports to MNCs. Power electronics DC power supplies up to 1000A. Info Tech. Education
Embedded systems, cellular systems, VLSI design etc. training. Precision engineering plastics moulds, tools,
electrical stampings, die-castings, laminations, sheet metal work, mech. Fabrications etc. Contact
manufacturing - of wide variety of electronics. UTL is now trying to extend its activities to aerospace areas
i.e., avionics, electrical equipment, mechanical assemblies/components etc. UTL can also work with foreign
OEMs, for providing local support e.g. Installation, commissioning, maintenance, repair, overhaul,
progressive local production etc., which could even be in the form of a joint venture.
Company Name: Verdant Telemetry

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. Louis J George

Konthuruthy, Cochin 682 013 - Kerala
+91-484-266-3104
+91-484-266-3576
info@verdanttelemetry.com / verdant@vsnl.com
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Airborne Antennas, Airborne Radomes & Structures.
191
Company Name: Vico Scientific Sales Pvt. Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
URL:
Email:
Mr. Pramod Kumar

Corporate Office: W-8, Main Patel Road, West Patel Nagar, New Delhi - 110 008
+91-11-2090-4709
+91-11-2587-2788
www.vicosales.com
info@vicosales.com / vico@vicosales.com
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Manufacturers of Switches Electro-mechanical components,
Telecommunication, Industrial and Defence Applications.
Electronics
Systems
used
in
Products Range:
Semiconductors Equipment and Materials

Vacuum and Thin Films
Metallurgy
Cryogenics
Lamp Industry
Special Materials, Metals and Gases
Solar Energy
Electronics
Company Name: Zener Systems Pvt. Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. Roop B. Raj

No.49, Cubbon Road Cross, Cubbon Road, Bangalore 560 001.
# 91-80-2558-7600 / 01
# 91-80-2559-7217
zener@vsnl.com
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UPS up to 4800 KVA
Stabilizer up to 1000KVA
UPS up to 4800 KVA
Stabilizer up to 1000KVA
CVTs up to 10KVA
EPABX / KTS up to 1000 Ports
Audio / Video conferencing units.
Certifications: ISO 9001: 2000 certified company
192
Company Name: Zeonics Systech Defence & Aerospace Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Contact Person:
Address:
Tele-Fax No.:
URL:
Email:
Mr. Zarir H. Sholapurwala

AHURA No. 236 / 2 / 2, Opp. 6th Cross, 10th Main, Maruthi Nagar, New
Thippasandra Post, Bangalore 560 075
+91-80-2524-4810 / 2524-2936 / 2524-1445
www.zeonics.org
zeonics@bgl.vsnl.net.in / zeonics@vsnl.com / zeonics@hotmail.com
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Zeonics manufacture several types of products and are Versatile in High Voltage Engineering.
The following special products developed during on going R&D efforts:
EMP Procedures
EMP Sources
Magnetizers
Very High Power Coaxial Cables
Nano Particle Generator
Pulse Generator
Spark Gaps
Connectors
Rectifiers
Triggers
Transformers
Isolation Transformers

Company Name: Allied Electronics Corporation
Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
URL:
Email:
Mr.Pradip Bakul.
12-D, Vikas Centre, S.V. Road, Santacruz (W), Mumbai 400 054.
+91-22-2661-6619 / 20 / 21
+91-22-2661-6625
www.aecconnectors.com
allied@vsnl.com / aectech@aecconnectors.com
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Manufactures and suppliers of different types connectors as per MIL-C-5015 and also indigenized
connectors for various Air-bone Applications as per customer requirements.
Manufactures of MS Connectors
Reverse Bayonet Coupling Connectors & Russian Connectors
193
Supplies to Defence / DRDO Establishment, Public Sectors & Private Sectors.
Certifications:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Achievement of ISO 9001 : 2000 Certificate accredited by JOINT ACCREDITATION SYSTEM.Valid
LCSO Approvals for Russian Connectors, MS Connectors & Reverse Bayonet Coupling Connectors.
Company Name: Ganga Micro Electronics Pvt. Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
URL:
Email:
Mr. S.J. Sudheendra General Manager

Plot No.25, Jigani Industrial Area, Phase II, Anekal Taluk, Bangalore 562 106
+91-80-2782-6051
www.gmeindia.net
gme@vsnl.com
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------RR and Microwave connector and cable assemblies; SMA, BNC, N, TNC, F-Connectors and Variants
GME offers an extensive range of RF connectors and adapters qualified under the standard performance
specifications. They distinguish themselves through their high mechanical strength, high durability, high
reliability and low VSWR.
GME offers cable connectors for flexible and semi-rigid cables, panel mount and PCB mount.
The connectors are manufactured with a very high precision machining to achieve the highest specifications.
Applications:
Civil
Defence
Telecommunications
Broadcasting
Measurement systems
Space applications
Company Name: Integral System and Components Pvt. Ltd.

Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
URL:
Email:
45/46, Ground Floor, Gubbanna Industrial Estate, 6th Block, Rajajinagar, Bangalore
560 010
+91-80-2315-4247 / 2311-3519
+91-80-2315-4256 / 2334-9317
www.integralonnet.com
integral_systems@dataone.in / sales@integralonnet.com
194
Product & Services:

Electronics
Systems
used
in
Company Name: Micropack Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Mr. Mahender N. Padala Chief Operating Officer.

Plot No.16, Jigani Industrial Area, Anekal Taluk, Bangalore- 562 106
+91-80-2782-5233 / 2782-5224
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Bare Printed circuit boards upto 20 layers, Special boards like thermal plate PCBs, Metal core PCBs, Rigid
Flex PCB, Flexible PCB, Special material boards with Teflon, Polyimide, Polyester, PVC etc.
Company Name: Radiant Cables Pvt. Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Email:
Mr. Ashok Kundalia

Post Box No.1918 B-1, Industrial Estate, Sanathanagar Hyderabad, A.P.
radiant@hd1.vsnl.net.in
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------LV & MV Insulated Power, Control. Instrumentation, House Wiring and specialty cables of voltage grade up
to & including 6.6. KVA.
Company Name: Sanghvi Aerospace Pvt. Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
URL:
Email:
Mr. Ketan Sanghvi

Behind Lalit Warehouse, Near Cozy Hotel, Narol Sarkhej Highway, Narol
Ahmedabad 382 405
+91-79-2535-0756 / 2532-3460
+91-79-2535-8738 / 2583-5623
www.sanghviaerospace.com
sanghviad1@sancharnet.in / sanghvi1@sancharnet.in
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------To design, manufacture & test wires & cables for aerospace application, as per custom requirements.Product
range for aerospace wires and cable include: Wire as per MIL-DTL-81381(with insulation of
Polyimide).Wire as per MIL-DTL-22759 slash sheet 80 A to 92 A, superseded version of MIL-W-22759/ 80
to 92 (with composite insulation of Polyamide and PTEF).Cables of the above wire as per MIL-DTL-27500
H.Wires and cables meeting Russian specification type PTL, BIN, BIF, BFS, GSHV, MGTFL, BPVL,
195
BPDO, BPVLM etc.Fire resistant, flight critical wires and cables as per MIL-W-25038 & MIL-DTL27500H.Thermocouple Extension wires and cables as per MIL-W-5846C, BS4937, SP-P-99300.
Certifications:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Achieved following type approvals for our wires and cables :RCMA/CEMILAC approval for its use onboard
Defense Aircraft and Helicopter.DGCA approval for its use onboard civil aviation aircraft and
helicopter.Space Qualification by ISRO to use onboard satellite and launch vehicle.LCSO approval for use in
hi-tec Defence Electronics.
Company Name: Vico Scientific Sales Pvt. Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
URL:
Email:
Mr. Pramod Kumar

Corporate Office: W-8, Main Patel Road, West Patel Nagar, New Delhi - 110 008
+91-11-2090-4709
+91-11-2587-2788
www.vicosales.com
info@vicosales.com / vico@vicosales.com
Product & Services:

Electronics
Systems
used
in
Products Range:
Semiconductors Equipment and Materials

Vacuum and Thin Films
Metallurgy
Cryogenics
Lamp Industry
Special Materials, Metals and Gases
Solar Energy
Electronics
Company Name: Zeonics Systech Defence & Aerospace Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Contact Person:
Address:
Tele-Fax No.:
URL:
Email:
Mr. Zarir H. Sholapurwala

AHURA No. 236 / 2 / 2, Opp. 6th Cross, 10th Main, Maruthi Nagar, New
Thippasandra Post, Bangalore 560 075
+91-80-2524-4810 / 2524-2936 / 2524-1445
www.zeonics.org
zeonics@bgl.vsnl.net.in / zeonics@vsnl.com / zeonics@hotmail.com
196
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Zeonics manufacture several types of products and are Versatile in High Voltage Engineering.
The following special products developed during on going R&D efforts:
EMP Procedures
EMP Sources
Magnetizers
Very High Power Coaxial Cables
Nano Particle Generator
Pulse Generator
Spark Gaps
Connectors
Rectifiers
Triggers
Transformers
Isolation Transformers
Government Organizations / Associations / Professional Bodies

Company Name: Center for Military Airworthiness & Certification (CEMILAC)
Part of Defence Research & Development Organization (DRDO)
Address:
Ministry of Defence, Defence R&D Organization, Marthahalli Colony PO,

Bangalore-560037
Contact:
Website:
Mr. J.K. Sharma Chief Executive

www.drdo.org
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Airworthiness assurance for military aircraft and airborne systems, is the service provided by CEMILAC.It is
organised into 14 RCMAs (Regional Centre for Military Airworthiness), CEMILAC can cost effectively
undertake design validation, certification and type approval, analysis of accidents/incidents, evaluation and
extension of life of aircraft and components and approval of design organistaions. Over 800 type approvals
for variety of items like cables, parachutes, batteries, super alloys, anti-collision light, brake pods, aircraft
clocks have been given by CEMILAC.
Company Name: Directorate General of Aeronautical Quality Assurance (DGAQA)

Contact Person:
Address:
Mr. Y. R. Mahajan
The Director General, DGAQA, Ministry of Defence, 'H' Block, DHQ P.O.,
197
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
New Delhi 110 011

+91-11-2301-1783 / 2301-5201
+91-11-2301-4914
hqrsdgaqa@vsnl.net
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------DGAQA was established in 1954 under the name of DTD&P (Air), encompassing R&D activities besides
the inspection and indigenization of military aeronautical stores. Subsequently, the R&D functions were
transferred to DRDO and in 1996; the organization was upgraded and renamed as DGAQA. Its role and
functions are detailed below:
Quality Assurance during design development, production. Overhaul and repair of military
aircraft/aero-engines and its accessories, air armaments, rockets, missile systems and ground support
equipment for military aircraft.
Technical association with DRDO and other agencies during the process of type approval, lifting and
life extension studies of aircraft and its accessories.
Establishment of indigenous sources for production of aeronautical stores through the Technical
Committee (Aeronautical Stores). Director General, Aeronautical Quality Assurance is the Chairman
of the Technical Committee.
Association with accident/ defect investigation of military aircraft/ aeronautical stores for establishing
the causes thereof and to suggest remedial measures to improve flight safety.
Apart from the above, officers from this Directorate participate in various technical committees
constituted by Army/Navy/Air Force to study the technical problems faced by the operating units.
Participation in standardization activities related to preparation of Joint Services/National

specification and codification.
Nodal Agency for Missile Systems Quality Assurance Agency (MSQAA) for IGMDP.
DGAQA functions, as listed above, are organized under the following specialization areas:
Aircraft/Airframe
Power Plant (including Fuels. Oils & Lubricants)
Avionics
Electricals and Instruments
Armament
General Engineering & Aero Med
Indigenization thro' Technical Committee (Aeronautical Store)
198
Company Name: DGCA

Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Opp. Safdarjung Airport New Delhi 110 003, INDIA

+91-11-2462-2495
+91-11-2462-9221
dgca@hub.nic.in
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------The Director General of Civil Aviation is a statutory authority responsible for laying down, implementation
and monitoring of standards regarding:
Airworthiness of Aircraft
Safety and Operations of Aircraft
Flight Crew Standards & Training
Air Transport Operations
Licensing of Flight Crew
Aircraft Engineers and Civil Aerodromes
Certification of Air Operators
Investigation of incidents and minor accidents and implementation of safety measures
Formulation of Aviation Legislation
Research and Development activities in the field of Civil Aviation.
Company Name: Government Tool Room & Training Centre

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. H. N. Yogarajan
Industrial Estate, Rajajinagar Bangalore 560 044.
+91-80-2335-2118 / 2335-2119
+91-80-2330-1683
gttcb@giasbg01.vsnl.net.in
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- High accurate precision tools & components manufacturing
Imparting customized training to small, Medium & Large Industries
Certifications:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Is an ISO 9001 & 9002 organization.
199
Ground Support Equipments / Measuring & Test Equipments

Company Name: ACME Engineering Co.
Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. S. R. Chakraborty
1, Deshbandhu Nagar, Iswar Chatterjee Road, Sodepur 743 178, North 24 Parganas,
West Bengal
+91-33-2595 0032
+91-33-2565-6265
aec78@vsnl.net
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Successfully manufactured & supplied various types of Ground handling equipment, blanking, plugs, covers
(FRP/Canvas), Ladders, tail support jacks, different type of trolleys; besides these, we developed air borne
items for aircraft & helicopters, different types of critical and non-critical spares for R-29 Engine, AN-32
Aircraft.
Company Name: Arvind Chemi Synthetics Pvt. Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. Arvind Gupta

B-7 / 7, Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi 110 029.
+91-11-2618-3329 / 2616-3137 / 2610-2333
+91-11-2619-1154 / 5165-0428
acspl@del6.vsnl.net.in
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------High Density Poly Ethylene Fabric & Bags for packing material & protection against Moisture, dust etc.
HDPE ground & Covering sheets for Aerospace defense application. Manufacture of all types of Aircraft,
Helicopter Covers & Tarpaulins to protect them from Rain, Moisture ultra violet Rays.-Complete
Machinery for the Manufacture of Fabric, Bags & Aircraft Covers.
Company Name: Data Patterns

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
URL:
Email:
Mr. S. Thomas Mathuram

No.19, Arya Gowder Road, West Mambalam, Chennai 600 033
+91-44-2483-7460
+91-44-2484-8703
www.datapatternsindia.com
datapatterns@datapatterns.co.in
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Automatic Test Equipment
200
PCI products
VME64x products and Avionics
Automatic Test Equipment
COTS products
Company Name: Indfos Industries Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
URL:
Email:
Mr. Sanjeev Suri

2749, Ground Floor, Street No. 13, Ranjit Nagar, Near West Patel Nagar Bus Stop,
New Delhi 110 008
+91-120-456-7936 / 37
+91-120-456-8109
www.indfos.com
corporate@indfos.com / indfos@bol.net.in
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing Hydraulic Service Trolley for HAL.
Company Name: Kasco Industries

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
URL:
Email:
Mr. D. S. Kamlapurkar
44, Shankarshet Road, Pune 411 037
+91-20-2643-3913 / 2643-3912
+91-20-2645-1554
www.kascoindustries.com
info@kascoindustries.com / marketing@kascoindustries.com
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Combined Environmental Test Chamber.
Company Name: Mak Controls and Systems Pvt. Ltd

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. Athapa Manickam President & Managing Director

122, Appuswamy Road, Redfields, Coimbatore 641 045
+91-422-262-7335
+91-422-262-9337
makindia@vsnl.com
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Manufacturers of Ground Support Equipments for Aircraft.
201
Company Name: MAT Incorporated

Contact Person:
Mr. P. S. Mudhar
Address:
C-196/1, Mayapuri Ph-II New Delhi 110 064.
Phone No:
+91-11-2540-4405 / 2513-3920
Fax:
+91-11-2512-6813
Email:
matincin@yahoo.com
Product & Services:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Supplied Aero-loaders (Bond loading trolleys) for IAF
Engaged in manufacture of material handing and ground control equipments
Company Name: Merlinhawk Associates Pvt. Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
URL:
Email:
Mr. A. K. Krishnaswamy
#24, 29th Main, BTM Layout, Stage - II, Bangalore 560 076
+91-80- 2678-4574 / 2678-4575 / 2678-5302
+91-80-2678-5291
www.merlinhawk.com
merlin@vsnl.com
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Aircraft Rotor Track and Balance and Vibration Monitoring Systems
Portable DC
Starting Power Packs for Aircraft
Company Name: Mytimasters Engineering Pvt. Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. Kumar Harve

Lamour, 79, Guru Nanak Road, Bandra West, Mumbai 400 050.
+91-22-2642-3211
+91-22-2655-2456
mystimasters@vsnl.com
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Servo-hydraulic Test Equipment
Load Cell
Extensometer
LVDT
Digi-profiler
Split Furnace
202
Company Name: Sika Interplant Systems Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
URL:
Email:
Dr. J.M.Debnath
3,Gangadharchetty Road,Bangalore-560042
+91-80-2559-9086 / 2559-9144
+91-80-2559-9501
www.sikaglobal.com
micronel@vsnl.com
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- System integration, design, development and production of hybrid mechanical systems, technical
services and solutions
Software and supply of materials and equipment for aviation applications and mil equipment
Company Name: System Controls

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
URL:
Email:
Mr. A. Francis Xavier

#73 / B, Keonics Industrial Estate, Electronic City,
Bangalore 560 100, Karnataka
+91-80-2852-2297 / 2852-3587
+91-80-2852-3507
www.system-controls.com
xavier@giasbg01.vsnl.net.in
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Design & development of Airborne & Ground test equipment, Rate tables, Control column test branch,
Robotic test systems, Air data test system etc.
Company Name: The Oriental Chemical Works Pvt. Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
URL:
Email:
Mr. S. S. Dasa
1/1B, Gobinda Addy Road, Chetla, Kolkata 700 027
+91-33-2479-9385
+91-33-2479-6723
www.orionndt.com
ocwpl@giascl01.vsnl.net.in
Kolkata Office
Contact Person:
Phone :
Fax :
Email :
Mr. Atish Bhattacharya - Deputy General Manager - Technical and Customer Support
+91-33-2479-9385
+91-33-2479-6723
203
Contact Person:
Phone :
Fax :
Email:
Mr. P.K. Roy - Chief Manager-Marketing

+91-33-2479-6428
+91-33-2479-6723
New Delhi Office

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone:
Fax:
Email:
Air Commodore (Retd.) Samaresh Roy

40/179, Chittaranjan Park, New Delhi, India
+91-11-2621-1208
+91-11-2648-5706
samindra@ndf.vsnl.net.in
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Liquid Dye Penetrants both visible and fluorescent types, cleaners, emulsifiers, developers, magnetic
particles, specialty cleaners, metal conditioners, corrosion inhibitors and passivators, UV-black lights,
radiometers, portable electro-magnetic contour probes, DP test panels, MPI test panels, DP and MP
inspection equipment with standard and customerized models.
Company Name: Unique Instruments & Mfrs. Pvt Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
URL:
Email:
Mr. Devang S. Shah Managing Director

# 423, Peenya Industrial Area, 4th Phase, 3rd Main, 11th Cross, Bangalore 560 058
+91-80-2836-2765 / 2836-1766
+91-80-2836-0927
www.unique-instruments.com
info@unique-instruments.com
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Calibration of Mechanical Measuring Instruments
Supply of Mechanical Measuring Instruments
CNC Machining
Milling and CAD / CAM
Inspection of Components, Jigs and Fixtures
Certifications:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------NABL Accredited Metrology laboratory for Calibration of Various Mechanical Measuring Instruments as
per ISO / IEC 17025: 1999. DGAQA Approved.
204
Jigs / Fixtures / Gauges and Tools

Company Name: Aerotech Precision M/C Shop & Tool Room
Address:
Phone No:
B-5, HAL Ancillary Inst. Estate, Bangalore 37.

+91-80-2523-4045
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------General purpose Machineries for Machine Shop & Tool Room.Machining of various components, GHE, Jigs
& Fixtures.Machining for fabrication of Mig-27, Jaguar, Boeing Brake Pads, Organic Brake Pads for
Foundry & Foreign Division, HAL, Bangalore.
Company Name: Belavadi Tool Room

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. B. S. Ravindra / Mr. Sripad Sharma

# 49-50, Nanjappa Layout, J. C. Industrial Estate, Kanakapura Road,
Bangalore 560 062
+91-80-2666-0902
+91-80-2666-3382
belavaditoolroom@hotmail.com
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Design and manufacture of press tools, Jigs, Fixtures & Moulding tools for Production of Aviation
(Mechanical) Component.AutoCAD Design facilities
Certifications:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Company registered under Directorate General of Aeronautical Quality Assurance (DGAQA)
Company Name: Godrej & Boyce Manufacturing Company Ltd.

Contact Person:
Mr. S. M. Vaidya
Address:
PES (Aerospace), Plant # 15, Pirojshanagar, Vikhroli (W), Mumbai 400 079
Phone No:
+91-22-5964581
URL:
http://www.godrej.com/GodrejNew/GodrejHome/OurCompanies/GNB/IndustrialProducts/Electricals
Electronic/ETSP/ETSP.htm
Product & Services:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Precision components for Aerospace
Liquid Propulsion Engines
205
Air Frames
Missile Launchers
Tankages
Defence Hardware etc.
Pressure vessels
Heat Exchangers, columns, reactors etc.
Press Tools
Injection moulding die.

Contacts mentioned earlier
Company Name: G-Plast (P) Ltd

Company Name: Kumaran Industries Pvt. Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. M. Parthasarathy
No. 117 / 36, 2nd Main Industries Town, Rajajinagar, Bangalore 560 044
# 91-80-2338-1498
# 91-80-2338-1498
kumaran@blr.vsnl.net.in
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Precision Components Fabrication by CNC route
Software for CNC Machines
Design and development of Jigs & Fixtures
Supply of sub assemblies.
Alliances:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Working with ADA, HAL, NAL, GTRE, for nearly 2 decades
Associated in the development of LCA, ALH, KAVERI ENGINE, GSLV, PSLV
Development of Components / taking part in the indigenization program of Defence Organizations
and Air force
Aircraft Structural parts and Aero Engine Parts, Moulds & Dies, Jigs & Fixtures, Sub-Assemblies
CAD / CAM Software.
206
Company Name: Larsen & Toubro Ltd.

Company Name: Sri Venkateswara Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Industries

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. V. L. N. Reddy
B-4, BHEL. RC Puram, Hyderabad.
+91-40-2302-0583
# 91-40-2302-6283
svameei@yahoo.com
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Design Manufacture and supply of critical tooling
Aero Engine Components
Riveted / Welded Air Frames for Space projects with MSQAA, Inspection
Power General Equipment
Pressure Vessels
Machining of rings with profile sections up to 2.8 meters
Certifications:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Received National Awards for the three consecutive years 1997, 98 and 99 for the contribution towards
Indigenization, Quality in Aerospace field.
Company Name: Super Industrial Components

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. M. N. Bhat
No. 3 / 2 / 2 / A, 1st Cross, M. C. Road Extension (behind Telephone Exchange)
Vijayanagar, Bangalore 560 079
+91-80-2330-4165 / 2338-6485
+91-80-2330-4165 / 2338-6485
mnbhat@mantraonline.com
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sheets Metals components and pressed parts and machined parts
We are also specialized in Metal extrusion and machined items technology in Aluminum & Copper
Equipped tool room and press shop
207
Machines / SPMs
Company Name: Aerotech Precision M/C Shop & Tool Room
Address:
Phone No:
B-5, HAL Ancillary Inst. Estate, Bangalore 37.

+91-80-2523-4045
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------General purpose Machineries for Machine Shop & Tool Room.Machining of various components, GHE, Jigs
& Fixtures.Machining for fabrication of Mig-27, Jaguar, Boeing Brake Pads, Organic Brake Pads for
Foundry & Foreign Division, HAL, Bangalore.
Company Name: Avasarala Technologies Ltd.

Contact Person:
CEO:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
URL:
Email:
Mr. B.V. Srinath

Mr. T.T. Mani
14 / 2, Raghuvanahalli, 14th KM, Kanakapura Road, Bangalore 560 062
+91-80-2842-5477
+91-80-2843-5207
www.avasarala.com
smubd@avasarala.com
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Engineering Design, Machinery Process machinery, Conveyors & Automation services.
Godrej & Boyce Manufacturing Company Ltd.

Company Name: Gururaja Precitech Industries Pvt. Ltd.

Contact Person:
Contact Person:
Mobile:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. G.V. Setty

Mr. G.S.G. Phanendra
+91-93910-03993
6A-IDA, Phase I, Patancheru, Hyderabad 500 019, Medak Dist. (AP).
+91-40-2303-3604
+91-8455-242-103
gpi@rediffmail.com
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Components and systems for Aerospace Industries.
208
Company Name: Heatly & Gresham (India) Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
URL:
Email:
Machine Tools Div.:
Mr. Arvind Chowdhary - CEO

E-47/4, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase - 2, New Delhi 110 020
+91-11-5161-6132 / 2638-4955 / 6293
+91-11-2638-6910
www.hgresham.com
mech@hgresham.com mailto:heatgresh@sify.com
mt@hgresham.com
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Machine Tools and Metrology
Sales & Servicing of Machine Tools & Metrology
Company Name: Hind High Vacuum Co. Pvt. Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
URL:
Email:
Mr. S. Prasanth
Site No.17, Phase I, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560 058
+91-80-4193-1000
+91-80-2839-4874
www.hindhivac.com
info@hindhivac.com
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------HINDIVAC manufactures Vacuum Pumping System, Vertical and Horizontal Vacuum coasting Units,
Vacuum Furnaces, Vacuum Ovens, Vacuum Impregnation Plants, RF/DC Sputtering Systems, Evacuation
and Oil Filling System, Vacuum Laminators, Electron Beam Gun and Electron Beam Gun Power Supply,
Rotary Vane Pump, Roots Pump, Oil Diffusion Pump, Vacuum Valves, Vacuum Measuring Gauges
etc.HINDIVAC is having full fledged manufacturing facilities with its Head Office at Bangalore and also
HINDIVAC is having Sales & Service Centres at Ahmedabad, Calcutta, Chennai, Hyderabad, Mumbai, New
Delhi, Pune.
Company Name: Kinematic Transmission Pvt. Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. K. S. Seetharama Doss Managing Director

Mr. Vasudeven Marketing Manager
Mr. Manjunath Purchasing Manager
A / 274, 2nd Stage, Peenya Industrial Estate, Bangalore 560 058
+91-80-2836-6156
+91-80-2836-6157
doss@searockit.com / kinematic@vsnl.net
209
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Manufacturer of Industrial Mechanical Power Transmission Equipment and Systems.
Precision Gear Boxes
Winch Drives
Packaging Machinery
Certifications:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Other Salient information: Recognized by Department of Science Government of India as an In-House
R&D Unit
Company Name: Metallizing Equipments Pvt. Ltd

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
URL:
Email:
Mr. S. C. Modi Technical Director

E-101, MIA, Phase II Basni, Jodhpur 342 005, Rajasthan
+91-291-274-7601
+91-291-274-6359
www.mecpl.com
mecpl@sancharnet.in
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------High Velocity Oxy-Fuel Spray System (Wire & Powder), High Velocity Twin Wire Arc Spray System,
Plasma Spray System, Flame Spray System (Wire & Powder), Metal Spray Powders & Wires, Acoustic
Chamber, Spray Booth, Tilting Turn Table, X-Y Manipulator and all types of thermal spray job work
(Specially coating on aircraft engine component).Manufacturing & supplying of complete thermal spray
facilities as a project for particular applications. Development of process parameters for special job by
plasma, HVOF (Wire & Powder) HV Arc & Flame, Spray.
Company Name: Mytimasters Engineering Pvt. Ltd

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. Kumar Harve

Lamour, 79, Guru Nanak Road, Bandra West, Mumbai 400 050
+91-22-2642-3211
+91-22-2655-2456
mystimasters@vsnl.com
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Servohydraulic Test Equipment
Load Cell
Extensometer
LVDT
210
Digiprofiler
Split Furnace
Company Name: Precision Controls

Contact Person:
Mr. Shankar
Address:
No.20, SIDCO Indl. Estate, Ambattur, Chennai 600 098.
Phone No:
+91-44-2625-1310 / 2625-0370
Fax:
+91-44-2625-7835
Email:
precon@md2.vsnl.net.in
Product & Services:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Heat Treatment Furnaces, Ovens, Kilns, Autoclaves and Vacuum furnaces/chambers.
Certifications:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------ISO 9001 Company Certified by BVQI.
Company Name: The Oriental Chemical Works (P) Ltd

Company Name: Viman Multiplug Pvt. Ltd

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
URL:
Email:
Mr. Udayanarayana
628 / A, (Above Canara Bank), Indiranagar 1st Stage, Bangalore 560 038
+91-80-2525-2437
+91-80-2525-0298
www.vimanmultiplug.com
sales@vimanmultiplug.com
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Manufacture of Sheet metal enclosures, Consoles, Card Frames, Sheet Metal items for Aerospace Industries
and vide range of Bus Bars. Power Presses from 5 ton to 150 tons, CNC Turret Punch 80 ton capacity 32
stations, NC Press Break 6mm x 1.5mtrs., Hydraulic shearing machines 10mm capacity and full range of
welding equipments.
Certifications:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ISO 9001-2000 company with long business relationship from organizations like ADA, HAL, ADE,
CAB, Tyco Electronics, Flowserve and other leading Private & Public Sector undertakings
Excellent track record of 13 years
Leader in its category.
211
Maintenance / Overhaul Engineering Services:

Company Name: Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Overhaul Division
Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
URL:
Email:
Wing Commander A. E. Patrawala (Retd.)

Overhaul Division, Vimanapura, Post Box No.1786, Bangalore 560 017
+91-80-2522-3639
+91-80-2522-0181 / 2522-2477
www.hal-india.com/overhauldivision.asp
patrawalla.hal@vsnl.com / gm.ohl@hal-india.com
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------All the facilities and capabilities for maintenance / overhaul of modern aircraft and helicopter along with
their rotables.Overhaul of Mirage 2000, Jaguar, Kiran Aircraft, Cheetah, Chetak helicopters and Lycoming
Engine.Ground Handling/Ground Support Equipment.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. Ram Baran

Avionics Division, Korwa, P.O HAL Korwa 227 412, Amethi, Sultanpur (U.P.)
+91-5368 -55083 / 55005 / 22185
+91-5368-22186 / 22183
Product & Services:

by Indian Defence Forces.Retro-Modification: Expertise in trial installation of Avionics Systems on fixed
and rotory wings of combat and transport aircraft and helicopters.Excellent facilities and procedures exist for
defect investigation, repair and overhaul of Russian, Western and indigenous airborne equipment.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. S.K. Rawal

Avionics Division, HAL Township (P.O), Hyderabad 500 042 Andhra Pradesh
+91-40-2387-8978
+91-40-2387-8187
halhdimm@ap.nic.in
Product & Services:

by Indian Defence Forces. Retro-Modification: Expertise in trial installation of Avionics Systems on fixed
and rotary wings of combat and transport aircraft and helicopters. Excellent facilities and procedures exist
for defect investigation, repair and overhaul of Russian, Western and indigenous airborne equipment.
212
Certifications:
Company Name: Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd., Transport Aircraft

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. D.K. Mahajan

Transport Aircraft Div., P.O. 225, Chakeri, Kanpur 208 008
+91-512-240-2774
+91-0512-245-0505 / 2245-0085
halknp@vsnl.net
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Dornier DO-228, Avro HS-748, HPT - 32

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. S. R. Jaurkar
Aircraft Division Nasik, Ojhar Township P.O. Dist. Nasik 422 207
+91-2550-275-333, +91-2550-275-433
+91-2550-275-825 / 275-399
haltlxnsk@sancharnet.in
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MiG-21 Aircraft Variants
MiG-27M Aircraft
Su30MKI Aircraft
Undercarriages for LCA
Mirage
ALH
Company Name: Max Aerospace & Aviation Ltd.

Contact Person:
Mr. Bharat Malkani Managing Director
Contact Person:
E-mail:
Ms. Jyoti Malkani

jyoti.malkani@maxaerospace.com
Contact Person:
E-mail:
Mr. Nitin Kamath

nitin.kamath@maxaerospace.com
213
Contact Person:
E-mail:
Mr. Guruprasad Kudva

guruprasad.kudva@maxaerospace.com
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Website:
Hangar C1, Juhu Aerodrome, Juhu, Mumbai - 400054

+91-22-2660-9723 / 27 / 28 / 29
+91-22-2660-9724
admin@maxaerospace.com
www.maxaerospace.com
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Servicing, Repair, Overhaul & Maintenance of Aircraft Components
Certifications:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------DGCA / DGAQA / CEMILAC / MOD
Alliances:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Britax Sell GmbH / Chelton Electrostatics Ltd / Northern Airborne Technology Ltd / Wulfsberg Electronics /
BF Goodrich / Messier Bugatti / BE Aerospace / Teledyne Controls / Hindustan Aeronautics Limited.
Company Name: Taneja Aerospace & Aviation Ltd.

Company Name: Varman Aviation Pvt. Ltd

Contact Person:
Contact Person:
Contact Person:
Mr. Sanjeev Varman Director (Marketing)

Mr. C.R. Ramanuja Char Chairman
Mr. M.M. Varman Managing Director
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
URL:
Email:
Aviation Complex, 16 / 17 Road no. 7, EP / P, Whitefield, Bangalore 560 075

+91-80-2841-2536 / 2841-2655 / 2841-2656 / 2841-3556 / 2841-3557 / 2841-3558
+91-80-2841-3559
www.varman.com
varman@blr.vsnl.net.in / varman@varman.com /
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Overhaul of Aero Engine upto 300hp Textron Lycoaming as well as Teledyne continental and their
accessories.Stockiest and distributors of Aviation Spares & Chemical Consumables including lifed
items.Overhaul of Piston Engine 100 per year.Setting up facility for overhaul of Turbo Prop Engines by 2003
(Pratt & Whitney PT-6A Series as well as Alison 250 Series).Phase III expansion plan includes
manufacture and overhaul of Small Aircrafts.
214
Marketing / Consulting / Technology Transfer / Business Support

Company Name: D Aerospace Pvt. Ltd.
Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Wing Commander D. S. Gupta

208, Deepali Building 92, Nehru Place, New Delhi 110 019
+91-11-2643-2721 / 2643-2722
+91-80-2621-2631
dsgin@bol.net.in
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Consultancy
Aerospace
Company Name: Genser Aerospace & Information Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Website:
Email:
Mr. Arunakar Mishra

4/3,Crescent Road, High Grounds, Bangalore 560 001
+91-80-2237-0417 / 18 / 20
+91-80-2237-0420
www.genser.com
genserin@genser.com
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Diversified services organization in Aviation, Aerospace, Software and Systems
It is engaged in sourcing, engineering services, marketing & consulting
Stocking & distribution of Aircraft parts; documentation engineering & management; technical
publication; technology implementation; photo luminescent path marking system for narrow and
wide body aircraft; value engineering for aerospace product like aircraft crash worthy seats;
marketing for National Aerospace Laboratories(Hansa & Saras Aircraft, design analysis & testing
capabilities in aerospace); marketing for Accord Software & Systems (embedded system
development, GPS & Navigation Applications); Consulting for Aerospace Businesses.
Certifications:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------DGCA approval for stocking & supply of Aeronautical parts.
Alliances:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Israel Aircraft Industries (Israel), National Aerospace Laboratories, Accord Software & Systems, STG
Aerospace (U.K.), Specialist Support Services (U.K.); Representative Offices in Australia, Bangladesh,
Nepal, Sri Lanka.
215
Materials (Metallic / Non Metallic) Raw or Shaped

Company Name: Elastomeric Engineers
Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Mr. R. Sundaram
Elastomer Enclave, NH - 7, Bypass Road, Seelanaickenpatty-Post,
Salem-626 201 (Tamil Nadu)
+91-427-228-1814
+91-427-228-1813
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Development and supply of Rubber and Rubber like products as per customer's specification / drawing /
samples.
Company Name: Meco Lam Engineering Pvt. Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Website:
Mr. Mathews Paul

4 & 5, Virat Nagar, Off Begur Road, Bommanahally Bangalore 560 068
+91-80-2573-2919 / 2573-2318
+91-80-2573-2318 / 2573-2919
mecolam@vsnl.com
www.mecolam.com
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Defence suppliers
FRP Moulded components
Rubber and pressed sheet metal components
Components form insulating materials
Certifications:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Is an ISO 9002 Certification from Sept. 2000 onwards.
Company Name: Metallic Bellows (India) Pvt. Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Website:
Mr. R. Gopalakrishnan
3/136, East Coast Road, Vettuvankeni Village, Injambakkam, Chennai 600 041
+91-44-2449-1450 / 2449-1649 / 2449-1091
+91-44-2449-1710
info@metallicbellows.org ; mbipl41@eth.net ; metallicbellows@gmail.com
www.metallicbellows.org
216
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Leading bellows manufacturers in India with facilities to design, test various parameters for Metal, Rubber,
Fabric Bellows ranging from 8000MM Diameter to 8 meters.
Company Name: Ordnance Factory

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. R. K. Sharma
Ambajhari, Nagpur 440 021.
# 07104-37845 to 37849
# 07104-37705 to 34216
ofaj@nagpur.dot.net.in
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Supplying High Strength Al. Alloy Cast billets, extruded rods,. Flats & profiles of aeronautical grade to
different Aerospace industries and Al. Alloy forged products to other sectors.
Certifications:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------ISO 9001 Company Certified by BVQI
Foreign customers / agents
For export enquiries, please contact us here:
Marketing & Export Division
Ordnance Factory Board
Ayudh Bhawan
10-A, S. K. Bose Road
Kolkata - 700001, India
Telephone:
Fax:
Mail:
+91-33-2248-9027 / 2248-2103 / 2248-5077-80

+91-33-2248-1748 / 2210-8235
ofbtrade@dataone.in or ofbtrade@vsnl.net
For General Information:

The Secretary
Ordnance Factory Board
Ayudh Bhawan
10-A, S. K. Bose Road
Kolkata - 700001, India
Telephone:
+91-33-2248-1209 / 2248-9744
217
Fax:
E-Mail:
+91-33-2248-2927
ofboard@giascl01.vsnl.net.in
Company Name: Polymer Enterprise

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Website:
Mr. A Mukherjee
E-41, MIDC, Satpur, Nasik 422 007 (Maharashtra)
+91-253-235-1930 / 560-2434
+91-253-236-0795
www.polymerenterprise.co.in
For product inquiries, e-mail: products@polymerenterprise.co.in

For customer queries, e-mail: customercare@polymerenterprise.co.in
For any other queries you may contact
Mrs. Iva Mukherjee, CEO - iva_mukherjee@polymerenterprise.co.in

Mr. B. K. Sahu, Manager - bk_sahu@polymerenterprise.co.in
Mr. P. K. Bisoyi, Section Head, QAD - pk_bisoyi@polymerenterprise.co.in
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Rubber Compound & Components. Apart from Russian grade, we have developed BS Specification Rubber.
They have considerable experience in processing Natural and Synthetic rubbers. They manufacture rubber
compounds and components to meet specific customer requirements. Products include:
Bellows
Rings
Oil Seals (id 1mm - 600mm)
Bush
Tubes
Gaskets
Grommets
Rubber Sheets
Metal to Rubber bonded products
Other moulding products
218
Company Name: Sujan Group of Industries

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Website:
Mr. Ashok R Sujan

77, Mistry Industrial Complex MIDC Cross Road A, Andheri (East),
Mumbai 400 093.
+91-22-2687-0441 / 2687-1769 / 2687-2696 / 2687-0330 / 2687-0331
+91-22-2687-0339
sujan@bom3.vsnl.net.in
www.sujangroup.com
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rubber moulded and rubber to metal bonded items O Rings
Seals
Gaskets
Piston Packings
Bellows
Insulator mounts
Anti-vibration engine mounts etc.
Development & manufacture of Special Rubber Compounds.
Manufacture of O Rings oil seals etc. &
Special rubber compounds.
Rubber Moulding
Company Name: Summit Tech Pvt. Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. Nanjesh Mittur Managing Director

314, 9th Main, 25th Cross, Banashankari II Stage, Vishal Mansion, 1st Floor,
Bangalore 560 070
+91-80-2671 5212 / 2679-8750
+91-80-2671-5192
summit_tech@dataone.in ; summit_tech@vsnl.net ; summiteck@yahoo.com
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------High quality rubber products & Aerospace Components-Moulded & Extruded.Rubber to cloth & Metal
bonded items to meet various National & International standards from various synthetic & natural Rubber
etc. Metal components, Fusible plugs, FRP products.
219
Company Name: Valeth Hightech Composites Pvt. Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Website:
Mr. Peter V Valeth

56, Kazhipattur, Padur Post, Kelambakkam, Chennai 603 103
+91-44-2747-4423 / 2747-5472 / 2749-7105
+91-44-2747-5472 / 2747-4423 / 4211-6553
valeth@vsnl.net ; valeth@dataone.in ; valeth@md3.vsnl.net.in
www.valeth.com
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Fiber Glass Textiles, High Silica Textiles, Composite Components and Products such as Ablative
Linings, Nozzle Assemblies, and War Head Assemblies etc. for Rockets and Missiles, Satellite
Launch Vehicles, Satellite Antenna etc.
Wind Mill Tip Vanes, Reverse Osmosis GRP Membrane Housings, Pressure Vessels, Tanks, Pipes
etc.
Composite products processing facilities such as Autoclave Moulding, Pressure Molding, Filament
Winding, Resin Transfer Molding, Hand Molding, Resin Impregnation, Composite Machining etc.
Fiber Glass and High Silica Fabric Textile manufacturing facilities. In-house Laboratory for testing
materials and products.
Company Name: Vee Kay Rubber Products

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. Harish R Sujan

77, Mistry Indl. Complex MIDC Cross Road, A Andheri (E), Mumbai 400 093
+91-22-2687-0441 / 2687-1769
+91-22-2687-0339
sujan@bom3.vsnl.net.in
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- O Ring, oil seals; Gaskets, Engine Mts.Silent blocks for aeronautics, Railways, Auto Industries &
Office Equipment, manufacturing special rubber compounds as per customer specification
Molding of Rubber components
Rubber mixing & molding as per customer designs

Company Name: Bashi Aerospace Pvt. Ltd.
Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. A. R. Vasudevan Chief Managing Director

#353, 25th Cross, 9th Main, Banashankari 2nd Stage Bangalore 560 070
+91-80-2671-1373 / 2314-5685 / 84
+91-80-2314-4058
bashi_aerospace@yahoo.com
220
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Air Charging Valves Different Types, Titanium Bolts and Nuts, Washers, Plain, Tab, Spring and Serrated,
Screws, Bolts (Hexagonal), Bi-Hexagonal Bolts and Nuts, Locking Type Nuts, Anchor Nuts (Fixed &
Floating), Thread Inserts, Quarter turn Fasteners similar to Dzus and Camloc Fasteners, Tyre Valves,
Circlips and Retaining Ring.
Company Name: Dowells Elektro Werke Ltd.

Contact Person:
Contact Person:
Contact Person:
Mr. Jayantibhai S. Patel Chairman & Managing Director

Mr. Tushar J. Patel Technical Director - tushar@dowells.com
Mr. Rakesh J. Patel Executive Director - rakesh@dowells.com
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Website:
Satguru Industrial Estate, 1st Floor, Off Aarey Road, Goregaon (E) Mumbai 400 063
+91-22-2872-5268
+91-2878-7436 ; 2611-4940
dowells@dowells.com ; dowells@satyam.net.in
www.dowells.com
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Copper/Aluminium Tube Terminals and Connector, Hand/Hydraulic Crimping Tools.
Company Name: Godrej & Boyce Manufacturing Company Ltd.

Contact Details mentioned earlier.
Company Name: Gururaja Precitech Industries Pvt. Ltd.

Contact Person:
Mr. G. V. Setty
Contact Person:
Mobile:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. G.S.G. Phanendra

+91-93910-03993
6A-IDA, Phase I, Patancheru, Hyderabad 500 019, Medak Dist., Andhra Pradesh
+91-40-2303-3604
+91-8455-242-103
gpi@rediffmail.com
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Components and systems for Aerospace Industries.
221

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. S. C. Gulati
+91-522-340-351 / 52, 350-996 / 97 / 98
+91-522-340-335 / 340-338
halldlw@sancharnet.in ; halldmktg@rediffmail.com
Product & Services:

Instrument Accessories for complete range of a/c produced by HAL
Mechanical & Hydro-mechanical Accessories

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. S. R. Jaurkar
Aircraft Division Nasik, OJHAR Township PO, Dist. Nasik 422 207
+91-2550-275-333 / 275-433
+91-2550-275-825 / 275-399
haltlx_nsk@sancharnet.in
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MiG-21 Aircraft Variants
MiG-27M Aircraft
Su30MKI Aircraft
Undercarriages for LCA, Mirage, ALH
Company Name: Kerala Hitech Industries Ltd. (KELTEC)

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. N. Venugopal
Kerala Hitech Industries Ltd., Chackai, Trivandrum 695 007
+91-471-251-0325
+91-471-250-0702
keltec@md2.vsnl
Profile:
Three private companies make liquid engines for India's space launch vehicles: Godrej, Keltech and MTAR.
Of the three, only KELTEC was not included on the list of Indian entities that were subjected to US
sanctions announced after the May 1998 nuclear tests. Kerala Hitech Industries Limited (KELTEC) was set
up to meet the high technology hardware requirements of Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) and
the Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO). The company with a capital outlay of Rs.400
Million commenced commercial operation in 1994. KELTEC is a Private Limited Company which is fully
owned by the Government of Kerala.
222
The Manufacturing facility is set up in a 15.6 acre campus in Chackai, in Trivandrum in the State of Kerala
adjacent to the International Airport. The built-up area is about 10,000 sq.meters and the manpower is 300.
KELTEC is a single stop work centre with multidisciplinary capability such as Conventional and CNC
Machining, Metal Forming, Auto TIG and Electron Beam Welding, Vacuum Brazing, Heat Treatment,
Surface Treatment etc. State-of-the-art systems for Quality Control and Metrology support the above
manufacturing facilities. KELTEC can also undertake design and development of aerospace components ,
development of special processes like vacuum brazing of aluminium components , design and realisation of
tools and fixtures required for production.
KELTEC is a General Engineering Work Centre with flexibility to realize a variety of products. The present
product-mix includes major systems required for the Launch Vehicle & Satellite and non-rotating Systems of
Turbojet Aircraft Engine. KELTEC manufactures a number of major systems for the Geo-Synchronous
Launch Vehicle (GSLV), including Inertial Control Systems; Control System Components; High Pressure
Titanium Gas Bottles; Fuel / Oxidizer Tankages & Feed Line Systems; Liquid Propulsion Engine;
Convergent Divergent Nozzles; and Launch Vehicle Solid Rocket Motor Cases.
The Vikas Engine is a Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine which is used in the second stage of the Polar
Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and the second stage and strap-on stages of the Geo-Synchronous Launch
Vehicle (GSLV). The entire Engine which comprises of more than 500 machined and welded components is
manufactured at KELTEC.
Company Name: Kinematic Transmissions Pvt. Ltd

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. K. S. Seetharama Doss

No.230, Near 10th Corss Bus Stop, Magadi Road, Bangalore 560 023
# 91-80-2335-9334 / 2338-2857
# 91-80-2330-0755
kinematic@vsnl.net
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Precision Gear Boxes, Winch Drives, Packaging Machinery.
Certifications:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Other Salient information: Recognised by Department of Science Government of India as an INHOUSE R
& D Unit
Company Name: Kobashi Machine Tools Pvt. Ltd.

Contact Person:
E-mail:
Residence No.:
Address:
Mr. K. K. Reddy - Chairman

kr_kankor@yahoo.com
+91-40-2370-1203
Plot No. 6/C, Street No. 15, Phase I, Industrial Development Area, Jeedimetla,
Hyderabad 500 055
223
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
+91-40-2309-5501
+91-40-2309-5501
kobashi@hd2.net.in
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Machining of high precision, critical, aerofoil components and sub-assemblies.

Contact Details mentioned earlier.
Company Name: Metalcloth Products (P) Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No.:
Fax:
Email:
Website:
CC Silva
5/7 "Husainabad", 5, Langford Road, Bangalore 560 025
+91-80-4112-1817
+91-80-2211-1859
sales@metalcloth.com
www.metalcloth.com
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Product Range -Braided, knitted, stranded and woven wire and products made out of these. Bonding
jumpers, static dischargers, tubular wire braids, super polyamide sleevings, and engine gaskets.
Company Name: Metallic Bellows (India) Pvt. Ltd

Contact details mentioned earlier
Company Name: Metallizing Equipments Pvt. Ltd. (MECPL)

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. S. C. Modi
E-101, M.I.A., Phase II, Basni, Jodhpur 342 005
+91-291-274-7601 / 274-7602
+91-291-274-6359
info@mecpl.com / mecpl@sancharnet.in / mecpl@vsnl.com
Additional Contacts:
Mumbai
Contact Person:
Mobile:
Address:
Mr. Sanket Nalawade, Branch Manager

+91-93711-87369
112, TV Indl. Estate, Behind Glaxo, Worli Road, Mumbai 400 025
224
Phone:
Fax:
E-mail:
+91-22-2493-4370 / 2493-7617
+91-22-2495-0394
mecbby@vsnl.com
New Delhi
Contact Person:
Mr. Brij Mohan, Regional Manager
Mobile: +91-9312890541
Address:
M-5, Shahpuri Arjun's Palace, Opp. Archana Complex, B-45, Greater Kailash-I,
New Delhi - 110 048
+91-11-2644-3136
+91-11-2646-8519
mecdly@ndf.vsnl.net.in
Phone:
Fax:
E-mail:
Secunderabad
Contact Person:
Mobile:
Mr. Subrata Chatterjee, Branch Manager

+91-93488-34569
Address:
Phone:
Fax:
E-mail:
S-603, Surya Kiran, S.D. Road, Secunderabad 500 003

+91-40-2781-3760
+91-40-2781-6185
mecsec@satyam.net.in
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------High Velocity Oxy-Fuel Spray System (Wire & Powder), High Velocity Twin Wire Arc Spray System,
Plasma Spray System, Flame Spray System (Wire & Powder), Metal Spray Powders & Wires, Acoustic
Chamber, Spray Booth, Tilting Turn Table, X-Y Manipulator and all types of thermal spray job work
(Specially coating on aircraft engine component).Manufacturing & supplying of complete thermal spray
facilities as a project for particular applications. Development of process parameters for special job by
plasma, HVOF (Wire & Powder) HV Arc & Flame, Spray.
Company Name: Mikroflo Filters Pvt. Ltd. (To Be Verified)

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Mr. P. Sivakumar Managing Director

3-4-495, 3rd Floor, Hi-Line Apartments, Barkatpura, Hyderabad 500 027
+91-40-2756-8813 / 5582-8813
+91-40-2756-4332
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Design, development of filter elements and manufacture of filtration equipment for Liquids and Gas (air) for
IC engines and Industrial applications.
225
Company Name: Process Pumps India Pvt. Ltd

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Website:
Mr. V. Babu Sathian

Plot No.86, III Phase, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560 058
+91-80-2839-5327 / 2839-5328 / 2839-7110
+91-80-2839-5807
ppil@satyam.net.in ; contact@process-pumps.com ; ppil_blr@dataone.in
www.process-pumps.com
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Horizontal BPO Pumps
Vertical Glandless pumps
Vertical Sump Pump both in metallic and non-metallic materials
Manufactures of various Models in number of Materials
Company Name: Sika Interplant Systems Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Website:
Dr. J.M.Debnath
3, Dr. Sharma Building, Gangadhara Shetty Road, Bangalore 560 042
+91-80-2559-9144 / 2559-9086
+91-80-2559-9501
sika@sikaglobal.com ; micronel@vsnl.com
www.sikaglobal.com
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- System integration design
development and production of hybrid mechanical systems
technical services and solutions
Software and supply of materials and equipment for aviation applications and mil equipment
Company Name: Sri Venkateswara Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Industries

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. Vudumula Lakshmi Narayana Reddy

B-4, BHEL, Roma Chandra Puram, Hyderabad 502 032
+91-40-2302 0583
+91-80-2302 6283
svameei@yahoo.com
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Design Manufacture and supply of critical tooling
Aero Engine Components
Riveted / Welded Air Frames for Space projects with MSQAA
226
Inspection Power General Equipment

Pressure Vessels
Machining of rings with profile sections upto 2.8 meters
Certifications:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Received National Awards for the three consecutive years 1997, 98 and 99 for the contribution towards
Indigenization, Quality in Aerospace field.
Company Name: Steel & Industrial Forging Ltd

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Website:
Mr. P. K. Satheesan
Silk Nagar, Athani P.O Thrissur 680 771 Kerala
+91-487-220-1751 / 1752 / 1334
+91-487-220-1753 / 1331
siflc@sancharnet.in
www.siflindia.com
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Connecting Rods, Gears & Pinions for Railway sectors
Gears, Pinions, con-rods, crank shafts couplings etc. for Automobile and Heavy Engineering Sectors
High Pressure valve body forgings for Oil Field Equipment sectors
Nickel, Aluminum, Titanium base alloy forgings for Aerospace sectors
Company Name: Triveni Hi-Tech Pvt. Ltd

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Website:
Mr. K. Satish Kumar

No. B-169 & 173,4th Main, IInd Stage, Peenya Industrial Estate, Bangalore 560 058
+91-80-2836-1856 / 4386 / 1471
+91-80-2836-1470
thpl@bgl.vsnl.net.in ; thplnms@blr.vsnl.net
www.trivenihitech.com
Partners / Group Companies

Triveni Aeronautics Pvt. Ltd.
Address:
Plot No: 109-111, 118-120, Antharasanahalli, IInd Phase, Industrial Area, Tumkur,
Karnataka
Vijaya Metal Finishers
Address:
#365, 10th Cross, 4th Phase, Peenya Industrial Estate, Bangalore 560 058
Phone No.:
+91-08-2836 1469
Web site:
www.vijayametals.com
227
E-mail:
rudresh10@hotmail.com
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Manufacturers of Aero engineAircraft, Aerospace components, Sub-assemblies, Special Toolings & Ground
Handling Equipment.
Power Plants / APU / Starters Manufacturers

Company Name: Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Engine Division
Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Mr. V. Ananda Murthy

Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Bangalore Complex, Post Bag No. 9310
Bangalore 560 093
+91-80-2524-2833
+91-80-2524-1080
Chief Manager
Customer Service
Engine Division
Address:
Bangalore Complex, Post Box No. 9310, C. V. Raman Nagar, Bangalore 560 093
Phone No.:
+91-80-2524-3628
Fax:
+91-80-2524-4686
E-mail:
customer_support.engines@hal-india.com
Executive Director
Engine Division
Address:
Bangalore Complex, Post Box No. 9310, C. V. Raman Nagar, Bangalore 560 093
Phone:
+91-80-2524-2753
Fax:
+91-80-2524-0180
GEN FAX:
+91-80-2524-1397
E-mail:
ed.engines@hal-india.com
Product & Services:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Manufacture and Overhaul of Aero engines & their accessories.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Mr. S. C. Gulati
+91-522-340-351 / 350-996 / 97 / 98
+91-522-340-335 / 340-338
228
Email:
halldlw@sancharnet.in / halldmktg@rediffmail.com
Product & Services:

Instrument Accessories for complete range of a/c produced by HAL
Mechanical & Hydro-mechanical Accessories

Company Name: ACME Engineering Co.
Contact Person:
Mobile:
Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. Sumit Ranjan Proprietor

+91-94332-75986
Mr. S. R. Chakraborty
1, Deshbandhu Nagar, Iswar Chatterjee Road, Sodepur, Kolkata 700 110
+91-33-2595-0032 / 1798
# 91-33-2565-0032 / 6265
aec78@vsnl.net
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Successfully manufactured & supplied various types of Ground handling equipment, blanking, plugs, covers
(FRP/Canvas), Ladders, tail support jacks, different type of trolleys; besides these, we developed air borne
items for aircraft & helicopters, different types of critical and non-critical spares for R-29 Engine, AN-32
Aircraft.
Company Name: Godrej & Boyce Mg.Co. Ltd.


Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. H. N. Yogarajan
Rajajinagar Industrial Estate, Bangalore 560 044
+91-80-2335-2118 / 2335-2119
+91-80-2330-1683
gttcb@giasbg01.vsnl.net.in
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- High accurate precision tools & components manufacturing
Imparting customized training to small, Medium & Large Industries
229
Certifications:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Is an ISO 9001 & 9002 organization
Company Name: G-Plast (P) Ltd

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Website:
Mr. G. D. Gopal
Gopal Bagh, 1062, Avanashi Road, Coimbatore 641 018 Tamil Nadu
+91-422-221-3439 / 3798
+91-422-221-2760
gplast@vsnl.com ; marketing@gplast.com
www.gplast.com
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Rapid Prototyping, Design Services, Tool Room, Injection Molding, Pressure Die Casting, Precision
Machining.
Company Name: Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Aircraft Division

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Telex:
Mr. G. Parasurami Reddy

Aircraft Division, Bangalore Complex, Bangalore 560 017
+91-80-2526-8969
+91-80-2526-5188
0845-2234HALM IN
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------The Division is equipped with modern infrastructure in Plant and Equipment like CAD CAM,
Manufacturing Engineering, Quality Assurance and Customer Support System. The Division has
manufactured over 1,500 aircraft of various types. With experience and capabilities built over the past five
decades, the Aircraft Division is bidding for a substantial share in the international aeronautical market.
Currently, the Division is manufacturing the Jaguar International Aircraft under license from British
Aerospace, UK. In a major diversification initiative, the Division is now manufacturing and exporting high
precision aircraft components and sub-assemblies for commercial aircraft

Company details mentioned earlier
Company Name: Kobashi Machine Tools

230
Company Name: Kumaran Industries Pvt. Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Company Profile:
Mr. M. Parthasarathy / Mr. R. Kumar

No117 / 36, 2nd Main Road, Industrial Town, Rajajinagar, Bangalore 560 044
+91-80-2340-9113 / 2340-9114 / 2338-1498 / 2335-0985
+91-80-2338-1498
kumaran@blr.vsnl.net.in
www.kumaran.trade-india.com
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Precision Components Fabrication by CNC route
Software for CNC Machines
Design and development of Jigs & Fixtures
Supply of sub assemblies
Alliances:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Working with ADA, HAL, NAL, GTRE, for nearly 2 decades
Associated in the development of LCA, ALH, KAVERI ENGINE, GSLV, PSLV
Development of Components / taking part in the indigenization program of Defence Organizations
and Air force
Aircraft Structural parts and Aero Engine Parts, Moulds & Dies, Jigs & Fixtures, Sub-Assemblies.
CAD/CAM Software

Company Name: Maini Precision Products Pvt.Ltd.

Contact Person:
Mr. Shailendra Pratap Singh
Contact Person:
Mobile:
Mr. Chaitanya Koranne Vice President

+91-98805-60969
Contact Person:
Mobile:
Phone:
Fax:
Mr. Avinash Kumar Key Account Manager

+91-98454-58797
+91-80-4127-2400
+91-80-4127-2500
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Website:
B-59/B-165, Ist Stage, 3rd Cross, Peenya Industrial Estate, Bangalore 560 058
+91-80-2839-4116 / 7 / 2837-1740 / 2839-2807 / 2839-8176
+91-80-2839-4714
gmk@maini.com
www.mainigroup.com
231
Company Name: Prathibha Industries Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Wesbite:
Mr. N. S. Jayarama Rao

No.P-120, 4th A Cross, Nagappa Block, Srirampuram, Bangalore 560 021
+91-80-2332-3727 / 2342-9918
+91-80-2342-0473
prathibhainds@yahoo.com
www.pratibhagroup.com
HEAD OFFICE - MUMBAI

Address:
Shrikant Chambers, Phase II, 5th Floor, Sion-Trombay Road, Near R.K. Studios,
Chembur, Mumbai 400 071
Phone No.:
+91-22-6641-4499
Fax:
+91-22-2520-1135
E-mail:
info@pratibhagroup.com
DELHI OFFICE
Address:
Phone No.:
Fax:
E-mail:
Property No. 1249/9, 1st Floor, Village Kishan Garh, Vasant Kunj,
New Delhi 110 070
+91-11-2652-1385
+91-11-2653-2903
pil.delhi@pratibhagroup.com
GUJARAT OFFICE
Address:
Plot No.329, Shiv Complex, Ground Floor, Sector 16, Gandhinagar 382 016 Gujarat
Phone No.:
+91-79-2324-6415
Fax:
+91-9525-2622-0559
E-mail:
pil.Gujarat@pratibhagroup.com
Product & Services:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Fasteners and precision turned components
Company Name: Precimax Engineering

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. M. M. Shetty
B-12, NGF Ancillary Indl. Estate, Mahadevapura, Bangalore 560 048
+91-80-2852-4280
+91-80-2852-4299
mmshetty@vsnl.com
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------General Purpose Precision Machine shop with conventional Machineries like Lathes, Milling M/Cs, Radial
Drilling and Facilities for small assemblies etc.
232
Company Name: Precision Telecom Products

Contact Person:
Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Website:
Mr. D. S. Ram, Mr. D. Prakash Rao and Mr. D. Srinivasulu All partners
Mr. N. A. Ravindranath - Manager
No.B-17, ITI, Ancillary Industrial Area, Mahadevapura Post, Bangalore 560 048
+91-80-2851-0197 / 0554
+91-80-2851-1312
ptpcnc@vsnl.com
www.ptpcnc.biz
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Supply of machined components and sub assemblies to OEM in India and abroad
Manufacturing and supplying Machined Components to customer drawing and specification
Certifications:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------An ISO 9002 Company accredited by DET NORSKE VERITAS of Netherlands
Company Name: Steel & Industrial Forging Ltd

Company Name: Super Industrial Components

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. M. N. Bhat
No. 3 / 2 / 2 / A, 1st Cross, M. C. Road Extension (behind Telephone Exchange),
Vijayanagar, Bangalore 560 079
+91-80-2330-4165 / 2338-6485
+91-80-2330-4165 / 2338-6485
mnbhat@mantraonline.com
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sheets Metals components and pressed parts and machined parts
We are also specialized in Metal extrusion and machined items technology in Aluminum & Copper
Equipped tool room and press shop
Company Name: Triveni Hi-Tech Pvt. Ltd

Company Name: Turbocam India Pvt. Ltd

Contact Person:
Contact Person:
E-mail:
Mr. Savio Carvalho General Manager

Mr. Alfanso Saldanha Product Supervisor
ats5715@yahoo.com
233
Address:
D2-9, Margao Industrial Estate, San Jose De Areal, P. O. Curtorim, Salcete 403 709
Goa
+91-832-286-0387 / 286-0176
+91-832-286-0012
turbocam@goatelecom.com ; india@turbocam.com
www.turbocam.com
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Website:
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Impellers, Rotors, Stators, Blisks, Single Blades etc.Any bladed components, 5-Axis machining, Reverse
Engineering.5 Axis CNC Milling Machine 4 nos. CNS Turning Centre, Coordinate Measuring Machine,
CAD/CAM etc.
Company Name: Unique Instruments & Manufacturers Pvt. Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Website:
Mr. Devang S. Shah Managing Director

#423, Peenya Industrial Area, 4th Phase, 3rd Main, 11th Cross, Bangalore - 560058.
+91-80-2836-2765 / 2836-1766
+91-80-2836-0927
devangshah_2000@hotmail.com ; info@unique-instruments.com
www.unique-instruments.com
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Calibration of Mechanical Measuring Instruments, Supply of Mechanical Measuring Instruments, CNC
Machining, Milling and CAD CAM, Inspection of Components, Jigs and Fixtures.
Certifications:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------NABL Accredited Metrology laboratory for Calibration of Various Mechanical Measuring Instruments as
per ISO / IEC 17025 : 1999. DGAQA Approved.

Company Name: Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Foundry Forge Division

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Mr. M. S. Venkatesh
Foundry & Forge Division P. B. No.1791, Vimanapura Post, Bangalore 560 017
+91-80-2523-4610 / 2523-0423
+91-80-2523-5521
half@vsnl.com
234
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Manufacture of Radiographic Quality Intricate Shape Al & Mg
Alloy Sand Castings Al
Alloy Gravity Die Castings, Forgings, Precision Blades Forgings, Seamless Rolled Rings and Powder
Metallurgy items
Also having a full - fledged material - processing lab to carry out chemical, mechanical &
metallurgical tests
Central Material & Testing Laboratory for Chemical Mechanical & Metallurgical Testing of various
Materials
Company Name: National Aerospace Laboratories

Contact Person:
Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Website:
Email:
Dr. B. R. Pai
Dr. A. R. Upadhya - Director
P.B.No.1779, Airport Road, Bangalore 560 017
+91-80-2527-3351 / 52 / 53 / 54, +91-80-2522-3351 / 52 / 53 / 54
+91-80-2526-0862 / +91-80-2527-0670
www.nal.res.in www.cmmacs.ernet.in/nal
director@css.cmmacs.ernet.in
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Light Aircraft, Composite Product, R & D Services in Wind Tunnel testing, Computational Fluid Dynamics,
Air Frame Life Estimation, Flight Data Recorder Readouts, etc.
Company Name: P-Met High-Tech Co. Pvt. Ltd

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Website:
Mr. D. M. Mehta
1/5-6 Industrial Estate, Gorwa, Baroda 390 016 Gujarat
+91-265-228-2326 / 228-1125
+91-265-279-3868
p-met@icenet.net
www.p-met.com
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Non-Destructive Testing Chemicals / Non-Ferrous Foundry Fluxes for aluminum and its alloys
Certifications:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Non-Destructive Testing Materials are approved by Director General of Civil Aviation, Directorate General
of Aeronautical Quality Assurance, Nuclear Power Corporation, Research Designs & Standard Organization
and by various other organizations.
235
Software & Systems / Product Life Cycle Management / Knowledge Engineering

Company Name: Cades Digitech Pvt. Ltd.
Contact Person:
Contact Person:
Contact Person:
Mr. Dataram Mishra Managing Director & CEO

Mr. V. Srinivasan COO
Mr. R. Sainath Director Technical
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Website:
Anchorage, #100/1, Richmond Road, Bangalore 560 025

+91-80-4193-9000
+91-80-4193-9099
info@cadestech.com
www.cadestech.com
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------CADES is the fastest growing Engineering Product Design and Development company with global presence
and domain expertise in aerospace engineering. CADES offers complete range of Virtual Product
Development solutions to the aerospace industry. The team at CADES has domain expertise in Aerospace
Product Design and Development for Wings, Fuselage, Control surface, landing gear and other Mechanical
systems which include Engineering Design, Engineering Analysis, Multi-Body Dynamics, Virtual
Prototyping & Testing, Digital Manufacturing and Product Data Management. The team also has domain
expertise in Aeroelasticity, Structural Integrity and Advanced Composites. CADES has a world-class
infrastructure and expertise in CAD/CAM/CAE/PLM software technologies and the best practices for
aerospace industry. CADES is headquartered in Bangalore, India and branch offices in New Delhi, Pune,
Japan, Singapore, USA, UK & Germany.
Certifications:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------* TUV CERT for ISO 9001:2000. * ISO/IEC 27001 * AS9100 * Approved by Center for Military
Airworthiness and Certification (CEMILAC) * Approved by Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA)
Company Name: ComAvia Systems Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

Contact Person:
Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
E-Mail:
Mr. Thomas Varugheese

Mr. Kiran
47, Gangamma Temple Road, Jalahalli P. O., Bangalore 560 013
+91-80-2838-5588 / 2838-5713; +91-80-2345-6488
+91-80-2838-5988
info@comavia.com ; sales@comavia.com
Contact Person:
Address:
Phone:
Fax:
E-Mail:
Mr. Manish Garg Delhi Regional Office

M14, Munish Plaza, 20, Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi 110 002
+91-11-2327-4564 / 2328-1772
+91-11-2328-0028
ro.delhi@comavia.com
236
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Development of Software for Aircraft/Avionics related projects. Design, development and maintenance of
database extensive web application.
Company Name: CSM Software Pvt. Ltd.

Contact Person:
Contact Person:
Other Contacts:
Mr. R. Swami Narayanaswami Chairman & Managing Director

Mr. Satya Srikanth CEO
Mr. A. K. Balasubramanian - Vice President - Delivery (Engineering Services)

Mr. Shashidhar Sharma - Vice President - Business Development (Engineering Services)
Mr. N. K. Sherman - Vice President - Finance and Admin
Mr. Mahadevan V. S. Vice President Product Sales
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
E-mail:
Website:
Gayathri Lake Front, Survey No 118 , Ring Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024
+91-80-4178-2000
+91-80-4178-2001
info@csmsoftware.com
www.csmsoftware.com
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Mechanisms & Kinematics, Control Systems, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Test Data Management, Multi
Disciplinary Optimization, Product Lifecycle Management, Virtual Manufacturing Solution, Finite element
analysis
Alliances:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------CSM Software is the exclusive partner of MSC Software Corporation, USA, Computational Dynamics, UK
and Intespace, France. CSM Software markets and supports world's leading range of FEA software from
MSC, such as MSC.Nastran, MSC.Patran, MSC.Dytran, MSC.Fatigue, MSC.Marc, MSC.Nastran for
windows, VisualNastran and STAR-CD the premier CFD software from Computational Dynamics and
Dynaworks a Test Data Management software from Intespace.CSM Software is also business partner of
IBM/Dassault Systemes for their range of CAD/PDM solutions, i.e, CATIA, ENOVIA and Smarteam and
Delmia Corporation, USA for their range of Virtual manufacturing solution tools.
237

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Website:
Mr. Arunakar Mishra.

#4/3, Crescent Road, High Grounds, Bangalore 560 001
+91-80-2237-0417 / 18 / 20
+91-80-2237-0420
genserin@genser.com
www.genser.com
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Diversified services organization in Aviation, Aerospace, Software and Systems. It is engaged in sourcing,
engineering services, marketing & consulting. Stocking & distribution of Aircraft parts; documentation
engineering & management; technical publication; technology implementation; photo luminescent path
marking system for narrow and wide body aircraft; value engineering for aerospace product like aircraft
crash worthy seats; marketing for National Aerospace Laboratories(Hansa & Saras Aircraft, design analysis
& testing capabilities in aerospace); marketing for Accord Software & Systems (embedded system
development, GPS & Navigation Applications); Consulting for Aerospace Businesses.
Certifications:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------DGCA approval for stocking & supply of Aeronautical parts.
Alliances:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Israel Aircraft Industries (Israel), National Aerospace Laboratories, Accord Software & Systems, STG
Aerospace (U.K.), Specialist Support Services (U.K.); Representative Offices in Australia, Bangladesh,
Nepal, Sri Lanka.
Company Name: LMS International

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Website:
Mr. Viwanathan Ramachandran

10/2, Palace Road, 13th Main, Vasanthnagar, Bangalore 560 052
+91-80-2238-6668 / 69
+91-80-2238-6411
lmsindia@vsnl.com
www.lmsintl.com
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Software & Hardware for Structural Dynamics Acoustics & Durability Testing & Analysis for the Aerospace
Industry.
238
Company Name: Relq Software Pvt. Ltd.

Contact Person:
Mr. Srikanth Srinivasaiah
Address:
#140,33rd Cross,7th Main,4th Block,Jayanagar,Bangalore-560011.
Phone No:
+91-80-2664-6030 / 2664-6034 / 2634-7953
Website:
www.relq.com
Product & Services:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Independent Verification & Validation of Software, Software Testing in Aerospace, Internet, RTS &
Embedded and Finance Industry.
Company Name: SLN Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

Contact Person:
Address:
Phone:
Fax:
E-mail:
Mr. D. R. Subramaniyam - Director

(Corporate Office)
No.887, 4th Cross, 7th Main, HAL 2nd Stage, Indiranagar, Bangalore 560 008
+91-80-2526-2500 / 2527-5418 / 19
+91-80-2529-4537
contact@slntechnologies.com
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Design, Development and manufacture of embedded system and solutions in various industry segments areas
include Military, Automotive industrial automation/process control, communication and control systems.
Company Name: System Controls

Contact Person:
Mr. A. Francis Xavier CEO
Other Contacts:
Wing Commander A. K. Saraf (Retd.) - Director Technical
Mr. K. Kanakaraju Director (R&D)
Mr. R. Raghavan General Manager - HR & Admin
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Website:
#73 / B, Keonics Industrial Estate, Electronic City, Bangalore 561 229

+91-80-2852-2297 / 3587
+91-80-2852-3507
xavier@giasbg01.vsnl.net.in
www.system-controls.com
Product & Services:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Design & development of Airborne & Ground test equipment, Rate tables, Control column test branch,
Robotic test systems, Air data test system etc.
239
Company Name: Taneja Aerospace and Aviation Ltd.

Standard Parts / Fasteners

Company Name: Avdel (India) Pvt. Ltd.
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
E-mail:
Website:
Ramon House, 6th floor, 169, Backbay Reclamation, Mumbai 400 020
+91-22-634-5611 / 6634-5612
+91-22-6634-5622
info@avdel.com
www.avdel.com
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Fully equipped with the latest & highly accurate equipment both in production & inspection
Thread Grinding Machine Internal & External (Reischauer / matrix),Face Grinding & Laping,
Thread Rolling, Cylindrical Grinding, Surface Grinding, Milling, CNC Turning Centre
Company Name: Bashi Aerospace Pvt. Ltd

Company Name: Prathibha Industries

Stocking / Distribution-Aircraft Spares & Rotables

Company Name: Varman Aviation Pvt. Ltd.

Contact Person:
Dr. C. R. Ramanuja Char - Chairman
Other Contacts:
Mr. M.M.Varman
Mrs.Neena Raj
Mr. A.V.B. Reddy
Mr.Navneet Varman
Mr. G.S. Jamadagni
Mr. Sanjeev Varman
- President & CEO

- Managing Director
- Dy. Managing Director
- Director (Operation)
- Quality Advisor
- Director (Marketing)
240
Overseas Office:
Contact Person:
Telefax :
E-mail:
- Ms. Rashmi Varman

+1-403-201-6926
rajvarman@shaw.ca
Address:
Phone No:
Fax:
Email:
Website:
Aviation Complex, 16 / 17, Road # 7, EPIP, Whitefield Road, Bangalore 560 066
+91-80-2841-2536 / 2655 / 2656 / 3556 / 3557 / 3558
+91-80-2853-3617 / 3618
varman@blr.vsnl.net.in ; varman-sp@airtelbroadband.in
www.varman.com
Product & Services:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Overhaul of Aero Engine upto 300hp Textron Lycoming as well as Teledyne continental and their
accessories
Stockiest and distributors of Aviation Spares & Chemical Consumables including lifed items
Overhaul of Piston Engine 100 per year
Setting up facility for overhaul of Turbo Prop Engines by 2003 (Pratt & Whitney PT-6A Series as
well as Alison 250 Series)
Phase III expansion plan includes manufacture and overhaul of Small Aircrafts


241
ACRONYMS:
AAI:
AAM:
AARS:
ADCOS:
ADREF:
AEMA:
AGN:
AIBP:
AICTE:
AIR:
ALTM-DC:
ANGRAU:
ANN:
APEP:
APL:
ASAR:
ASI:
ASIC:
ATM:
AWiFS:
AWS:
BC:
CAPE:
CARTOSAT:
CAWSES:
CCD:
CED:
CEOS:
CFD:
CGMS:
ChiPS:
CNES:
CNS:
CNSC:
COPUOS:
COSPAR:
CRABEX:
CRD:
CSA:
CSP:
CSSTE-AP:
CUG:
Airports Authority of India

Advanced Avionic Model
Asian Association for Remote Sensing
Advisory Committee on Space Sciences (constituted by ISRO)
ADCOS Research Fellowship
Apparatus for Experimental Mechanics Applications
Active Galactic Nuclei
Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Program
All India Council for Technical Education
All India Radio
Airborne Laser Terrain Mapping Digital Camera
Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University
Artificial Neural Network
Ammonium Perchlorate Experimental Plant
Applied Physics Laboratory
Air-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar
Italian Space Agency
Application Specific Integrated Circuits
Air Traffic Management
Advanced Wide Field Sensor
Automatic Weather Station
Black Carbon
Crop Acreage and Production Estimation
Cartographic Satellite
Climate and Weather of Sun-Earth System
Charge Coupled Device
Civil Engineering Division
Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
Coordinating Group on Meteorological Satellites
Chhattisgarh Infotech and Biotech Promotion Society
Center National dEtudes Spatiales (French Space Agency)
Communications, Navigation and Surveillance
CAWSES National Steering Committee
Committee on Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (of United Nations)
Committee on Space Research
Coherent Radio Beacon Experiment
Cadastral Referencing Database
Canadian Space Agency
Center for Space Physics
Center for Space Science and Technology Education in Asia and the Pacific
Closed User Group
242
CUSP:
CWC:
CWPRS:
CZT:
DART:
DD:
DCP:
DECU:
DEM:
DES:
DIT:
DLA:
DLR:
DMS:
DOD:
DOS:
DRT:
DSC:
DSN:
DSNG:
DST:
DTH:
DTM:
EB:
EGC:
EGNOS:
EIRP:
EITS:
EO:
ESA:
ETM:
ETV:
FASAL:
FLSC:
GAGAN:
GBP:
GEO:
GEO LUT:
GEOSAR:
GIS:
GLONASS:
GNSS:
GPP:
GPS:
Cryogenic Upper Stage Project

Central Water Commission
Central Water and Power Research Station
Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride
Deep Sea Assessment and Reporting Terminals
Doordarshan
Data Collection Platforms
Development and Educational Communication Unit
Digital Elevation Model
Delhi Earth Station
Department of Information Technology
Dual Launch Adopter
German Space Agency
Disaster Management Support
Department of Ocean Development
Department of Space - India
Data Relay Transponder
Decision Support Center
Deep Space Network
Digital Satellite News Gathering
Department of Science and Technology
Direct to Home (TV)
Digital Terrain Model
Equipment Bay
Engine Gimbal Control
European Geo Stationary Navigation Overlay System
Effective Isotropic Radiated Power
Equatorial Ionosphere- Thermosphere System
Earth Observation
European Space Agency
Electrical Thermal Model
Educational TV
Forecasting Agricultural output using Space Agro-meteorology and Landbased observations
Flexible Linear Shaped Charge
GPS and GEO Augmented Navigation
Geosphere Biosphere Program
Geosynchronous Earth Orbit
GEOSAR Local User Terminal
Geosynchronous Earth Orbit Search and Rescue
Geographic Information System
Russian Global Navigation Satellite System
Global Navigation Satellite System
GRAMSAT Pilot Projects
Global Positioning System
243
GSAT:
GSLV:
GTO:
HPT:
HRD:
HVNET:
IAF:
IADC:
ICC:
IGBP:
IGNOU:
IGS:
IGOS:
IIA:
IISU:
IIT:
IMD:
IMDPS:
INCOIS:
INCOSPAR:
INMCC:
INMARSAT:
INSAT:
INTELEMEDINDIA:
INTELSAT:
IOTWS:
IR:
IRIS-DA:
IRS:
ISRO:
ISA:
ISAC:
ISO:
ISPRS:
ISSDC:
ISTRAC:
ISU:
JAXA:
JCM:
JEP:
KHI:
LAPAN:
LAXPC:
LEOS:
LEOP:
Satellite launched by GSLV

Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle
Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit
High Power Transmitter
Human Resources Development
High speed VSAT Network
International Astronautical Federation
Inter Agency Debris Coordination Committee
INSAT Coordination Committee
ISRO Geosphere Biosphere Program
Indira Gandhi National Open University
Inertial Guidance System
International Global Observing Strategy
Indian Institute of Astrophysics
ISRO Inertial Systems Unit
Indian Institute of Technology
India Meteorological Department
INSAT Meteorological Data Processing System
Indian National Center for Ocean Information Services
Indian National Committee for Space Research
Indian Mission Control Center
International Maritime Satellite
Indian National Satellite System
International Telemedicine Conference
International Telecommunications Satellite
Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System
Infra Red
Integrated Resources Information System for Desert Areas
Indian Remote Sensing Satellite
Indian Space Research Organization
Israel Space Agency
ISRO Satellite Center
Intra Seasonal Oscillations
International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Indian Space Science Data Center
ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network
International Space University
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
Joint Consultative Machinery
Joint Experiment Program
Kelvin Helmholtz Instability
Aerospace Electronics Technology Center (Japan)
Large Area X-ray Proportional Counters
Laboratory for Electro Optic Systems
Launch and Early Orbit operations
244
LEOSAR:
LIF:
LISS:
LOX:
LPT:
LPSC:
LSM:
LUT:
MCC:
MCF:
M & E:
MCPC:
MDDC:
MEMS:
MIDAS:
MIP:
MLP:
MLT:
MOS:
MOU:
MSMR:
MSS:
MST:
MSSRF:
NADAMS:
NARL:
NCERT:
NE-SAC:
NEOC:
NMRF:
NMRP:
NNRMS:
NR:
NRDB:
NRIS:
NRR:
NRSA:
NSSC:
OBC:
OCM:
OLIC:
PAC:
PAN:
PARAS:
PC-NNRMS:
Low Earth Orbit Search And Rescue

Laser Induced Fluorescence
Linear Imaging Self Scanner
Liquid Oxygen
Low Power Transmitter
Liquid Propulsion Systems Center
Large Scale Mapping
Local User Terminal
Mission Control Center
Master Control Facility
Monitoring and Evaluation
Multi-Channel Per Carrier
Meteorological Data Dissemination Center
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems
Middle Atmospheric Dynamics Studies
Moon Impact Probe
Mobile Launch Pedestal
Mesospheric and Lower Thermospheric
Modular Opto-electronic Scanner
Memorandum of Understanding
Multi-frequency Scanning Microwave Radiometer
Mobile Satellite Service
Mesosphere Stratosphere and Troposphere
M S Swaminathan Research Foundation
National Agricultural Drought Assessment and Monitoring System
National Atmospheric Research Laboratory
National Council of Educational Research and Training
North Eastern-Space Applications Center
National Emergency Operation Center
National Mesosphere- Stratosphere- Troposphere Radar Facility
National Microgravity Research Program
National Natural Resources Management System
Natural Resources
Natural Resources Data Base
National (Natural) Resources Information System
National Resources Repository
National Remote Sensing Agency
National Space Science Symposium
Other Backward Classes
Ocean Color Monitor
Official Language Implementation Committee
Public Accounts Committee
Panchromatic Camera (of IRS)
ISROs PARallel Aerodynamic Simulator
Planning Committee of NNRMS
245
PCPU:
PFZ:
PLANEX:
POD:
PRL:
PRWONAM:
PSLV:
PTI:
QBO:
RCM:
RCS:
RESPOND:
RISAT:
RN:
ROSA:
RRSSC:
SAC:
SADA:
SAF:
SAO:
SAR:
SAS&R:
SBAS:
SCaRaB:
SCL:
SEWA:
SCOSTEP:
SCRAMJET:
SDSC SHAR:
SEOC:
SFCG:
SHARES:
SITE:
SITVC:
SLP:
SSO:
SOXS:
SPL:
SRE:
SSM:
SSTC:
SSW:
STC:
STEP:
Power Conditioning and Processing Unit

Potential Fishery Zone
Planetary Science and Exploration
Preliminary Orbit Determination
Physical Research Laboratory
Prediction of Regional Weather using Observational Mesosphere and
Atmospheric Modeling
Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
Press Trust of India
Quasi-Biennial Oscillations
Regional Climate Modeling
Reaction Control System
Research Sponsored by ISRO
Radar Imaging Satellite
Radio Networking
Radio Occultation Sounder for Atmospheric Studies
Regional Remote Sensing Service Center
Space Applications Center
Solar Array Drive
Special Acrylic Fiber
Semi-Annual Oscillations
Synthetic Aperture Radar
Satellite Aided Search & Rescue
Space Based Augmentation System
Multi channel Instrument (Page 61)
Semi-Conductor Laboratory
Self Employed Womens Association
Scientific Committee on Solar Terrestrial Physics
Supersonic Combustion Ramjet
Satish Dhawan Space Center SHAR
State Emergency Operation Center
Space Frequency Coordination Group
Sharing of Experience in Space
Satellite Instructional Television Experiment
Secondary Injection Thrust Vector Control
Second Launch Pad
Sun Synchronous Orbit
Solar X-ray Spectrometer
Space Physics Laboratory
Space capsule Recovery Experiment
X-ray Scanning Sky Monitor
Space Science& Technology Center
Sea Surface Wind
Space Technology Cell
Satellite Telecommunication Experiments Project
246
SWIR:
SXM:
SXT:
TCT:
TDCC:
TDMA:
TDS:
TERLS:
TES:
TIFR:
TMC:
TRM:
TTC:
TTL:
TWTA:
UGC:
UN:
UN-COPUOS:
UN-ESCAP:
UN-OOSA:
USO:
UVIT:
VAB:
VHF:
VHRR:
VLPT:
VLSI:
VNIR:
VRC:
VSAT:
VSSC:
WiFS:
YSO:
Short Wave Infrared

Solar X-ray Monitor
Soft X-ray Imaging Telescope
Thrust Chamber Test facility
Training and Developmental Communications Channel (INSAT)
Time Division Multiple Access
Technology Demonstration System
Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
Terrain Mapping stereo Camera
Transmit Receive Module
Telemetry, Tracking and Command
Tropical Tropopause Layer
Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier
University Grants Commission
United Nations
United Nations Committee on Peaceful Uses of Outer Space
United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
UN Office for Outer Space Affairs
Udaipur Solar Observatory
Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope
Vehicle Assembly Building
Very High Frequency
Very High Resolution Radiometer
Very Low Power Transmitter
Very Large Scale Integration
Very Near Infrared Region
Village Resource Center
Very Small Aperture Terminal
Vikram Sarabhai Space Center
Wide Field Sensor
Young Stellar Object
247

Aerospace Industry Report - 2006-07 (NOT To BE MAILED)

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Aerospace Industry Report - 2006-07 (NOT To BE MAILED)

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THE INDIAN

INDIAN AEROPSACE INDUSTRY A REPORT

2. History of the Indian Space Program

5. Some Big Players in Indias Space Program

vi. Future Plans

Opinions and Analysis

xiv. Major Supplying Firms to the Indian Space Program

xvi. Major Events

Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV 3)

xviii. Major Indian Space Missions

R & D Key to the Future

d. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)

e. National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL)

e. Materials & Consumables

Maintenance / Repair / Overhaul Aircrafts / Engines / Systems & Instruments

7. Scope for work and Opportunities

e. Test Data Management

Aircraft, Helicopter, Satellite Structures/Launch Vehicle, Balloon -Manufacturer

Mechanical Components & Systems

India Becoming an Aerospace Technology Sourcing Hub

HISTORY OF THE INDIAN SPACE PROGRAM

Later at the battle of Srirangapattana (4Th Anglo-Mysore

Structure of Indian Space Program:

DEPARTMENT OF SPACE (DOS)

PSLV-C7 Mission Enhancing Technological Capabilities

Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC)

p. Antrix Corporation Limited

xvi. Horticulture Studies

Potential Fishery Zone (PFZ) Forecasting

Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV)

Space Science Activities at Physical Research Laboratory (PRL)

S.K. Mitra Center for Research in Space Environment

10. International Cooperation

Publicity Through Media

12. Right to Information

Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes

14. Technical Services

Space capsule Recovery (SRE-1) Foundation for Advanced Missions

CARTOSAT-2 Sharper Imageries for Developmental Applications

Expanding Space Applications Reaching Benefits to Society

Scientific Missions Enhancing Scope for Space Exploration

Spacecraft assembly area in the

Development and Educational Communication Unit (DECU)

ISRO Inertial Systems Unit (IISU)

Antrix Corporation Limited

An impressive array of achievements, capabilities and facilities.

Communication and Meteorological System

INSAT-4A carries the following payloads:

The payloads on INSAT-3A are as follows:

A Mobile Satellite Services (MSS) payload similar to that on INSAT-3B.

Earth Observation System

The data from CARTOSAT-1 are used for cartography, cadastral

Satellite Data Acquisition and Processing

11 m diameter antenna established for CARTOSAT-2

Over the last three decades, satellite

GRAMSAT Program (GP)

Remote Sensing Applications for Natural Resources Management

CAPE and FASAL:

Natural Resources Data Base (NRDB):

Modifications in PSLV fourth stage control electronics.

2007 In The News:

Space capsule Recovery Experiment (SRE-1):

LAPAN-TUBSAT and PEHUENSAT-1: