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~ has magnitude 3.0 m and points to the right; vector B
~ has magnitude 4.0 m and
1. Vector A
~
~+B
~ +C
~ = 0.
points vertically upward. Find the magnitude and direction of vector C such that A
~ = 3 i and B
~ = 4 j.
In this case the two vectors can be written as A
~ is:
The vector C
~ = A
~B
~ = 3 i 4 j
C
~ are:
The magnitude and the direction of the vector C
C =
(3)2 + (4)2 = 5 m
4
= 53 + 180 = 233
= tan1
3
2. Use unit vectors to express a displacement of 120 km at 29 counterclockwise from the x-axis.
Were given the magnitude of the vector, A = 120 km , and the angle = 29. The x and y
components are given as:
Ax = 120 cos 29 = 105 km
Ay = 120 sin 29 = 58 km .
3. A car drives north at 40 mi/h for 10 min, then turns east and goes 5.0 mi at 60 mi/h.
Finally, it goes southwest at 30 mi/h for 6.0 min. Determine the cars (a) displacement and (b)
average velocity for this trip.
a) The car starts off going north at v1 = 40 mi/h for t1 = 10 min , which corresponds to a
distance of r1 = 40 mi/h 10 min = 6.67 mi. It then turns east and drives r2 = 5.0 mi at
mi
a speed of v2 = 60 mi/h , which implies a duration of 2 = 605.0mi/h
= 5.0 min. Lastly, it turns
southwest and moves at v3 = 30 mi/h for t3 = 6.0 min , which corresponds to a distance of
r3 = 30 mi/h 6.0 min = 3.0 mi.
mi
mi
d~v
= 3 c t2 i .
dt
5. Droplets in an ink-jet printer are ejected horizontally at 12 m/s and travel a horizontal
distance of 1.0 mm to the paper. How far do they fall in this interval? .
We have x0 = 0, y0 = 0, v0 x = 12 m/s, v0 y = 0 m/s and x = 1.0 mm = 103 m.
The total time of flight for the ink drop is:
t =
x x0
103 0
=
= 8.33 105 s
v0 x
12
23 0
x x0
=
= 0.561 s
v0 x
41
1
9.8 0.5612 = 1.5 m
2
7. Estimate the acceleration of the Moon, which completes a nearly circular orbit of 385000 km
radius in 27 days.
We have v =
2R
T
v2
4 2 R
4 2 385000 103
=
=
= 2.8 103 m/s2
R
T2
27 24 3600
d~r
= 2 c t 6 d t2 i + 4 c t 3 d t2 j .
dt
4c
.
3d
c
.
3d
9. The Singapore Flyer is the worlds largest Ferris wheel. Its diameter is 150 m and it rotates
once every 30 min. Find the magnitudes of (a) the average velocity and (b) the average acceleration
at the wheels rim, over a 5.0 min interval.
x =
2 11
= 18.3 s
1.2
y =
v =
11. Standing on the ground 3.0 m from a building, you want to throw a package from your
1.5-m shoulder level to someone in a window 4.2 m above the ground. At what speed and angle
should you throw the package so it just barely clears the windowsill?.
Lets take the origin at the shoulder level, i.e. x0 = 0, y0 = 0, x = 3 m and y = 4.2 1.5 = 2.7 m.
The package attains its maximum height at the window sill. This implies that vy = 0. This
result is used to find the time of flight,
vy = gt + v0
=0
!2
+ v0
v0 y
g
gives,
v0
2 2.7
= 7.27 m/s
9.8
7.27
9.8
x x0
3.0 0
=
= 4.041 m/s
t
0.742
12. Your alpine rescue team is using a slingshot to send an emergency medical packet to climbers
stranded on a ledge, as shown in Fig. 3.24; your job is to calculate the launch speed. What do you
report?.
Let x0 = 0 and y0 = 0 the origin of coordinates system be at the slingshot with the stranded
climbers at the point x = 390 m and y = 270 m. Solve Equation y = 12 gt2 + v0 y t + y0 for the
initial speed, given that the initial angle is 0 = 70 . We get:
v0
x
=
cos 0
g
390
=
2 (x tan 0 y)
cos 70
9.8
= 89 m/s .
2 (270 tan 70 390)
13. .A basketball player is 15 f t horizontally from the center of the basket, which is 10 f t off
the ground. At what angle should the player aim the ball from a height of 8.2 f t with a speed of
26 f t/s?.
The initial height of the ball is y0 = 8.2 f t, the final height is y = 10 f t, the initial speed is
v0 = 26 f t/s, and the range is x = 15 f t. These quantities are related by the trajectory Equation:
1 (x x0 )2
+ (x x0 ) tan 0 + y0
y= g 2
2 v0 cos2 0
With origin at the point from which the ball is thrown, the equation of the trajectory, evaluated
at the basket, becomes,
2
1
(15 12 2.54 102 0)
(10 8.2) 12 2.54 102 = 9.8
2
(26 12 2.54 102 )2 cos2 0
+
We get:
15 12 2.54 102 0
tan 0
533
cos2 0
Using the trigonometric identity 1 + tan2 0 = 1/ cos2 0 , convert this equation into a quadratic in
tan 0 . The result is:
7.13 15 tan 0 + 5.33 tan2 0 = 0
where we have divided out the units of ft, leaving us with a dimensionless equation. The answers
are:
!
152 4 5.33 7.13
1 15
0 = tan
= 31.2 or 65.7
.
2 5.33
14. A diver leaves a 3 m board on a trajectory that takes her 2.5 m above the board and then
into the water 2.8 m horizontally from the end of the board. At what speed and angle did she leave
the board?.
Draw a diagram of the situation (see figure below). Because we are given the maximum height (at
which point vy = 0, Equation vy2 = v02 y 2gy can be used to find the y component of the divers
initial velocity, with y = h. The x component of v0 can be found from Equation, x = x0 + v0 x t ,
once the time of flight is known.
= 7.00 m/s.
To find the total flight time, we solve y = 12 gt2 + v0 y t + y0 with y y0 = 3 m. This gives:
t =
v0 y
v02 y 2g(y y0 )
g
72 2 9.8 (3)
9.8
= 1.77 s
where we take the positive square root because the diver springs upward off the board. Thus, the x
component of the velocity is:
v0
From v0
and v0
x x0
2.8
=
= 1.58 m/s
t
1.77
7
1.58
= 77.3 .