1415- O Level Biology 2nd Top 10 Questions-marking guidelines

Marking guidelines Second Top ten Questions

1.

i)

level 4 A, B, C;
level 2 G, H, I;

ii)

1 less water fleas eaten; more food for hydra so hydra population rises;
2 less food for water boatmen; which eat more hydra so hydra population falls;
3 less food for sticklebacks so they eat more water fleas;
less food / water fleas for hydra so hydra population falls;
4 less protozoa eaten so less green algae; thus less water fleas so hydra
population falls;

2.

Put mud in muslin bag / equivalent workable apparatus;

Suspend over limewater / calcium hydroxide solution / hydrogen carbonate / bicarbonate
indicator, in sealed container;
Incubate / leave for 12+ hours
Look for limewater to go cloudy / milky / white / hydrogen carbonate to go yellow;
Carbon dioxide released indicates respiration;
Reference to use of control.

3.

a)

b)

i)

1415- O Level Biology 2nd Top 10 Questions-marking guidelines

ii)

Yellow colour
In tubes A / C / D respiration is occurring;
Carbon dioxide is released; its concentration is increased therefore pH falls;
Purple colour
In tube B both respiration and photosynthesis are occurring;
More photosynthesis than respiration;
Carbon dioxide is absorbed; its concentration is reduced therefore pH rises

4. a)

i)

ii)
b)

Any two of the following:

1 liver, damage / failure / disease / cirrhosis ; R destroys A hardens
2 brain damage / loss of brain cells / loss of neurones / loss of memory
3 cancer of correct named part of body ; mouth / pharynx / oesophagus / gut / pancreas / liver
4 stomach ulcers ;
5 heart disease / stroke / AW ;
6 high blood pressure / hypertension ;
7 alcoholism / addiction / dependence / tolerance ;
8 (risk of) damage, to fetus / pregnant womans baby / fetal alcohol syndrome /
e.g. low birth weight / poor mental development
9 increased risk of miscarriage ;
10 malnutrition / named deficiency disease(s) ;
11 obesity / weight gain ;
12 loss in weight / wasting ;
(500 x 2 =) 1000 (cm3)

i)

Nutrients are large complex molecules that need to be small simple molecules in order to be
absorbed.
Some nutrients are insoluble / need to be soluble in order to pass through, intestine wall /
capillary wall and to be absorbed.
ii) small intestine / ileum / villi
iii) Fatty acids / glycerol / maltose / peptides
iv) The wall is protected by mucus and it is made of protein; if no mucus, protease enzyme
digests stomach wall and acid, in direct contact with wall, would damage its cells.
2

1415- O Level Biology 2nd Top 10 Questions-marking guidelines

(c) (i) (x) 9.0 (%)

(ii) as blood alcohol content of blood increases, so does risk of accident; use of figures ;
little increase in risk up to, 0.05 / 0.075, g 100 cm-3
greater increase in risk above, 0.05 / 0.075, g 100 cm-3
(iii) 1 depressant ;
2 slows down nerve impulses ;
3 increases time for responses
4 e.g. for stimulus or response traffic lights / braking / swerving / stopping
5 blurred / double / impaired / poor, vision
6 poor / lack of, co-ordination
7 overconfidence / poor decision making / memory impaired ;
8 poor judgment (of distances) ;
9 sleep / drowsiness / less conscious
10 poor concentration / less aware ;
5.

6. a) 1 semen / sperm, is collected from, male / donor / sperm bank ;

2 inserted into, vagina / cervix / uterus / womb / oviduct ;
3 near time of ovulation / at fertile time
b) in sexual reproduction gametes produced by reduction division / meiosis have half the number
of chromosome (are haploid).
By fertilisation fusion of nuclei / gametes occurs and the diploid chromosome number is
restored.
ref. asexual reproduction ; mitosis

1415- O Level Biology 2nd Top 10 Questions-marking guidelines

7.

i)

Untrained person at rest 5.25

Trained person at rest 5.25

ii)

Reduces the heart rate;

Increases the stroke volume

iii)

EITHER
(untrained person) has a higher heart rate / smaller stroke volume / smaller cardiac output /
OR
(untrained person) has smaller increase in heart rate / in stroke volume in cardiac output /
use figures;
(e.g. for cardiac output put untrained 4, trained 6 or untrained by 16.2, trained by 24.45:
for stroke volume increase by 50%

iv)

Heart does not have to contract so frequently / increase strength of muscle / reduces risk of
heart disease / more efficient

8.

a) bars plotted accurately at 2.6 and 5.6 ;

shading correct according to key
b) i) (sugar) beet
ii) wheat
c) - use of named appropriate machinery ; e.g. tractor / combine harvester
more efficient, sowing / harvesting / watering ;
- artificial fertilisers ;
prevent mineral deficiencies / provide more nutrients ;
- pesticides / insecticides / fungicides
control, pests / diseases, feed / destroy / damage, crops ;
- herbicides ;
control / kill, weeds / competitors ;
- use of, hormones / named hormone(s) ;
reduce vegetative growth / promote fruiting /
- irrigation
prevent water becoming limiting factor / not relying on rain /
- glasshouses / greenhouses ;
control, light intensity / carbon dioxide concentration / temperature
- monoculture ;
easier to harvest ;
- genetic engineering / gene transfer / artificial selection / selective breeding ;
improve, growth / aspect of yield / quality / disease resistance /pest resistance ;
d) water content of plants varies

1415- O Level Biology 2nd Top 10 Questions-marking guidelines

9.

a)

Overall a rise in carbon dioxide concentration in atmosphere;

There is an yearly rise and fall / varies with the seasons
i)
More carbon dioxide in the air
More heat rays trapped;
Leads to an increased air temperature, global warming
ii)
Utilise more renewable energy sources / named example;
Reduce use of fossil fuels;
Reduce deforestation / increase plant growth
1 carbon monoxide from (incomplete) combustion of fossil fuels / cigarettes / from
vehicles;
2 sulfur dioxide;
3 from burning fossil fuels / vehicle exhaust fumes;
4 carbon dioxide from burning of fossil fuels / deforestation by burning / respiration by
increasing world population / from vehicles;
5 methane from incomplete decay of organic matter;
6 smoke (particles) / carbon / soot from forest fires / factories;

b)

c)

10.

a)

b)

i)

White

ii)

Rr

Rr Rr
R

parents genotypes
R

RR Rr Rr rr

gametes
offspring genotypes

3 red flowers : 1 white flower

offspring phenotypes ration

Matches ratio of seeds / 133 : 44

c)

1 red flower: 1 white flower (test cross)