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reactivedyes
Thesedyeschemicallyreactedwiththefibres withtheformationofcovalentbondbetween
thedyeandthefibre andthereforetheirnameREACTIVEDye
Shouldbepowderorliquiddyes
Shouldhaveexcellentstability
Shouldhavegoodsolubility
Lowtomediumsubstantivity
Goodcompatibility
Gooddiffusionandlevelling properties
Rapidfixation
Highdegreeoffixation
Excellentwashingfastness
Applicationofthisdyestuffwasduetothefollowingfacts:
Physicaladsorptionofthewatersolubledyestuffsfromanaqueousmediumbythefibre byreversible
attachmenttoactivesitespresentinthefibre
Mechanicalretentionofthewaterinsolubledyesinthefibre byapplicationinvolvingtemporary
solubilization beforeapplying
Dissolutionofthedyestuffinthefibre
Reactivityofthedyeisrelatedtofacts ifthereactivityofthedyeisincreasedconsiderably,therateof
reactionwiththefibre increases,dyeingrateisfast
However,iftherateofhydrolysisofthedyeincreases,itleadstodeactivationofapartofthedye,
resultinginwastageofthedye
Ifthereactivityofthedyeisdecreased,theextentofhydrolysiscanbereducedconsiderably,butthis
wouldresultinslowrateofreactionwiththefibre
Howevertheultimateobjectiveofdyeingistoreactasmucho9fthedyeaspossiblewiththefibre and
minimise thehydrolysisofthedye.
How it happens
Thisisachievedinpracticeintwostages
1.
dyingshouldbestartedinneutralmediumwhenthedyedoesnotreacteitherwiththefibre ofwith
water
2.
3.Thenfinallythefixingofthedyeisdonebytheadditionofthealkali(sodaash)asthedyeisalready
exhaustedintothefibre,willnotbeavailableforreactingwithwater
4.
Itisalreadyknownthatthehydrolysed dyecannotfurtherreactwiththefibre,butduetoaffinity
forces,itisabsorbedbythefibre andretainedinit.
Stripping
Duringthesubsequentwashingorsoapingthesubstantialhydrolysed dyegetsstrippedintothe
washingbaththusreducingthewashfastnessofthedyedfibre.
Iftheaffinityoftheoriginaldyeisreducedtoaverylowvalue,thisproblemcanbeavoided,however
iftheaffinityistoolow,exhaustionofthedyepriortofixationcannotbeachievedsubstantially.
Ifthedyeaffinityishigh,thenitisverydifficulttoremovethehydrolysed dyesinceitisabsorbedand
retainedinthefibre byfairlystrongaffinityforces
Thusinactualpracticelowaffinitydyesareselected
ThepHofthedyebath
Thetemperatureofthedyeing
Theconcentrationoftheelectrolyte
Thetimeofdyeing
Theliquorratio
Single padding
Forexample coldbrandreactivedyessodiumbicarbonateisthepreferredalkali,whichonheating
producesstrongalkali sodiumcarbonate
Pad(alkali)drysteamprocesswithbicarbonateorcarbonate
Goodsolubilityofthereactivedyeshelpsinpreparationofhighlystableandsolventfree
solutionsofthedyestuff
Highsolubilityatroomtemperature
Noriskofdyebeingdegraded
Easydyebath preparation
Double padding
Inthisprocessthefabricispaddedwiththedyesolutionandrepadded(withorwithout
intermediatedrying)withanalkalisolutioncontainingahighconcentrationofsaltto
minimise bleedingofthedyefromtheclothintoalkalibathandthenitissteamed
Thewastageoftheresidualliquorattheendofpaddingislow
Monoreactivedye Dyefixationis75%anddyehydrolysisis25%
CIBACRONDYES Padbatch9099%
Padthermofix 8292%
Padhumidityfix 8292%
Padsteam7090%
Ifthereactivedyechosenhaslow/mediumaffinity,itwillshowthefollowing:
1.
Goodpenetrationandlevelling
2.
Excellentwashoffandwetfastnessproperties
3.
Lowriskoftailing
Modestinvestmentlayout
Suitableforsmallandfairlylargebatches
Verysimpleworkingconditions,Limitedmanpowerrequired
Lowenergyconsumption
Lowerwaterconsumptionthanexhaustdyeing
Goodpenetrationandleveldyeing,Good reproducibility
Suitablefordyeingknitgoods
Demerits
Batchprocess
Higherdyeconsumptionthan paddrypadsteam
Moderatecoverageofdeadandimmaturecotton
Reducedenergycosts
Goodappearanceofthedyedfabrics
Nodetrimentalinfluenceonfastness
Demerits
Higheramountsofdyearerequiredtoproducedeepshadescomparedtothepadbatchorpaddrypad
steamprocesses
Worthwhilefordyeingdeepshadeswhenthehigherdyecostsareatleastbalancedbysavingsinenergy
andgainsinproductivity
Economicalprocessforlargeproductionruns
Stilleconomicalforfairlysmallruns(>5000m)onmodernequipment
Highcolouryield
Verygoodappearanceofthedyedfabric
Goodreproducibility
Nodetrimentalinfluenceonlightand/orchlorinefastness
Demerits
Shadechangesaretimeconsuming
Lesssuitablefordyeingfabricsproneto migrationproblemsordifficulttodry(pilefabrics)
Goodcolouryieldonfabricandcoverageofdeadfabric
Verygoodlabtobulkreproducibility
Goodbatchtobatchreproducibility
Moderatesoilingof machinery
Noneedforachemicalpadliquor
Demerits
Notrecommendedfordyeingregeneratedcellulose
Anegativeinfluenceonthefabrichandleispossible
Dangerofyellowingofthesubstrate
Lowerlight/chlorinefastnesslevel
Theprocessrequiresurea
ReactiveDyesX%
Sequesteringagent0.5G/L
Wettingagent0.10.5G/L
Antcreasingagent0.52.0G/L
Salt1080G/L
Soda220G/L
Temperature6080Degree
Dyeingtime 60minute.
Whenthecottonfabricdyeingiscomplete,thedyeliquorisdrainoff. Thefabriciswashedwithhot
waterat40degreec&thenwithcoldwater.Againwashthedyedfabricwith13G/Lsoapordetergent
at60degree 80degreecforatleast10minutes.Thendrainoffthewashingliquor.Againwashthe
dyedfabricwithhotwater&thenwithcoldwater.
Finally,thedyedfabricsistakenoutfromthemachine,hydroextuct thefabricanddrythefabricpassing
throughanyotherdryingmachine.