Manual Laminas Curso Control Lógico Secuencial

Control Lgico Secuencial
Cdigo: STI-CLS-A-V
CONTROL LGICO SECUENCIAL
PROGRAMA DEL CURSO

1. Da Lunes
o Presentacin de los participantes e instructores.
o Evaluacin inicial de los participantes al curso.
o Unidad N 1, Conceptos de Control Lgico Secuencial.
Introduccin al Control Lgico Secuencial.
Evolucin del Control Lgico Secuencial.
Operaciones Lgicas Bsicas.

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Algebra Booleana.
Sistema de numeracin.
Operadores Lgicos.
Objeto.
Secuencias.
Mquinas Secuenciales.
Diagramas de Estado.
Concepto de Estado.
o Unidad N 2, Dispositivos de Control Lgico Secuencial.
Dispositivos Lgicos de Entrada.
Dispositivos Lgicos de Salida.
Automatismos.
Controladores Lgicos Programables.
2. Da Martes
o Unidad N 3, Controladores Lgicos Programables.
Que son los PLCs.
Componentes del PLC.

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Mdulo CPU.
Programa del Curso Control Lgico Secuencial Pag 1/3
Memoria del PLC.
Fuente de Alimentacin.
Mdulos de entradas y salidas.
Adecuacin de seales analgicas.

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Entrada.
Salida
Conexiones de seales discretas.

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Entrada.
Salida
Ciclo de Ejecucin.
o Unidad N 4, Lenguajes de Control Lgico secuencial.
Lenguajes Lgicos de Programacin.
Lenguaje Booleano.
Lenguaje en Bloques.
Lenguaje en Escalera.
Lenguaje Estructurado.
3. Da Mircoles
o Unidad N 5, Desarrollo de Diagramas de Estado.
Conceptos (Secuencia, Estado, Acciones y Condiciones).
Desarrollo de Diagramas de Estado.

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Generacin de Narrativa del Proceso.
Identificacin de los posibles Estados.
Identificacin de las Acciones.
Identificacin de las Condiciones de Transicin.
Generacin de la Tabla de Estados.
Generacin de los Diagramas de Estados.
Generacin de la Aplicacin.
4. Da Jueves:
o Unidad N 5, Desarrollo de Diagramas de Estado.
Desarrollo del Controlador Secuencial.
Programacin del PLC.
PLC Virtual.
Estructura del PLC Virtual.
Definicin de las ventanas.
Definicin de las Instrucciones.
Ejercicio con el Simulador.
Tarea de Aplicacin.
5. Da Viernes:
o Presentacin de Aplicacin Desarrollada (Tarea de Aplicacin).
o Unidad N 6, Los PLCs en Sistemas de Control.
Redes de Control para PLC.
El PLC como integrador operacional.
PLC y su uso como RTU en SCADA (aplicacin).
o Evaluacin Final.
o Evaluacin del Curso.
UNIDAD 1
Conceptos de Control Lgico
Secuencial
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Unidad 1 Pgina: 1 De 31
Conceptos de Control Lgico Secuencial

Introduccin
Desde la dcada de 1960 hasta nuestros das,
se ha evolucionado en la forma de implantar
el control lgico secuencial.
Esta evolucin ha estado de la mano con el
desarrollo tecnolgico en el rea de la
electrnica, comunicaciones e informtica.
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Evolucin del control lgico secuencial
Antes de 1960 el control secuencial se
plante a travs de la lgica por cadenas de
rels. Es fcil apreciarlo revisando los
planos desarrollados por los ingenieros
electricistas de entonces.
Posteriormente
se
desarrollaron
dispositivos electrnicos de compuertas
lgicas tambin alambradas.
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Cadenas de rels y contactos
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Es a finales de la dcada de 1960 cuando la
General Motors plantea el desarrollo de
estos controles va dispositivos no
alambrados sino programables.
Aparece por primera vez el concepto de
Controlador Lgico Programable (PLC).
Este dispositivo permita ajustar los
controles lgicos de forma rpida y segura.
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Primer PLC para GM
Estructura del PLC

de GM
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Los primeros PLC se programaron
siguiendo las estructuras de las lgicas en
escalera, tal como si fuera una substitucin
directa de los diagramas de contacto.
Posteriormente el uso de nuevas tcnicas en
informtica permiti la programacin por
objetos. Estas tcnicas en conjunto con la
teora de grafos se aplican al control lgico
secuencial.
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Operaciones Lgicas Bsicas
Operacin OR
Operacin AND
Operacin NOT
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La Operacin OR o Suma Lgica:
A
X=A+B
X=A+B
TRANSMISOR
DE
TEMPERATURA
>
Lmite de
Temperatura
TRANSMISOR
DE
PRESION
FUNCION
OR
>
Lmite de
Presin
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La Operacin AND o Multiplicacin Lgica:
X=A.B
X=A.B
NO HAY
ALARMA DE
BAJO FLUJO
FUNCION
AND
NO HAY
ALARMA DE
ALTA PRESION
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Algebra Booleana
Las Leyes del lgebra Booleana son:
x0 0
x0
x 1
x 1 1
xx
xx x
xx 0
Teoremas de De Morgan
x y
x y
x y
x y
xx 1
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Algebra Booleana
Las Propiedades del lgebra Booleana son:
x y yx
x y z
x y z
x yz
x y y x
x y z
x y z
x yz
x y z x y x z
x x y x ( x y)
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Sistemas de numeracin
Sistema Binario:
Posicin:
bn+1
bn
bn-1
b3
b2
b1
b0
Peso:
2n+1
2n
2n-1
.........
23
22
21
20
Por ejemplo para el nmero binario 1011 se tendra una

representacin decimal de la siguiente manera:
1
23
22
21
20
El resultado ser: 1 x 8 + 0 x 4 + 1 x 2 + 1 x 1 = 11
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Hexa Decimal Binario
0
0
0000
Consideremos el nmero decimal
1
1
0001
2
2
0010
182110 , el cual tiene la
3
3
0011
representacin binaria
4
4
0100
111000111012.
5
5
0101
6
6
0110
Este nmero se puede representar
7
7
0111
en hexadecimal como:
8
8
1000
9
9
1001
0111 0001 1101
A
10
1010
7
1
D
B
11
1011
C
12
1100
D
13
1101
Este nmero se representa en
E
14
1110
hexadecimal como 71D16.
F
15
1111
Sistema Hexadecimal:
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Sistema Octal:
Consideremos el nmero
decimal 182110 , el cual tiene
la representacin binaria
111000111012.
Este nmero se puede
representar en octal como:
011
100
011
101
Octal Decimal Binario

0
0
000
1
1
001
2
2
010
3
3
011
4
4
100
5
5
101
6
6
110
7
7
111
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Operadores Lgicos
Operador Lgico AND:
A
X
B
Operador Lgico OR:

A
B
Operador Lgico NOT:

A
A
0
0
1
1
B X= A B
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
A
0
0
1
1
B X= A +B
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
A
0
1
X= A
1
0
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Operadores Lgicos
Operador Enclavamiento:
ARRANQUE
Arranque
R
FALLA
SEGURA
Falla
segura
R
Operador Memorias:
ARRANQUE
S
SET
ARRANQUE
PARADA
Q
RSET
PARADA
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Operadores Lgicos
Contador hacia abajo:
Contador hacia arriba:
Fotocelda
Fotocelda
C101
Cdwn
C101
Cup
6
Reponer
Contador
Reponer
Contador
C101
RSET
C101
RSET
C101
C101
I Em
I Em
Entrada
Salida Contador
Reposicin
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Operadores Lgicos
Temporizador ON Delay:
Contacto
TC5
In
Temporizador OFF Delay:

Contacto
TD5
In
200
200
T5
T5
Contacto
Contacto
TD5
TC5
B
20
segundos
20
segundos
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Objeto
Un objeto es cualquier elemento al cual
puede ser asignado una serie de
atributos, condiciones y propiedades.
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Un ejemplo de objeto
Un motor puede ser un
objeto, al cual se le puede
asignar atributos: Color,
Voltaje, Dimensiones,
RPM, Potencia y otros
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Otro ejemplo de objeto:
Un conjunto de eventos o
estados de un proceso
tambin puede ser un
objeto.
Estado Cargando Paleta
En este caso se considera

la permanencia, trnsito,
acciones y condiciones.
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Secuencias
Una secuencia es una coleccin de objetos
o elementos ordenados de acuerdo a su
ocurrencia en el tiempo.
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Ejemplo de Secuencia
Un ejemplo de secuencia
es el proceso de carga de
paletas en un transportador.
INICIO
M1= ON
M2= ON
NO
FC2 On ?
SI
M2= OFF
NO
FC2 y FC1
On ?
SI
M1= OFF
FIN
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Mquinas Secuenciales
Una Mquina Secuencial se representa
como un sistema en donde el conjunto
de acciones est ordenado de forma
secuencial.
Esta mquina se convierte en una
Mquina de Estados cuando existen
transiciones entre estados, dependiendo
de los valores de las entradas y las
salidas.
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Ejemplo Mquina de Estados
Los Controladores Lgicos Programables
PLCs son mquinas secuenciales que
pueden comportarse como mquinas de
estados.
En los PLCs los eventos son ordenados
dentro de una ocurrencia, y esta
ocurrencia o secuencia es repetida
indefinidamente una y otra vez.
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Diagrama de Estados
Un diagrama de estados es una
representacin pictrica de un tipo particular
de diagrama de flujo. Este diagrama muestra
las acciones y las condiciones para transitar
de un estado a otro.
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Concepto de Estado
Un estado define el comportamiento de un
objeto durante un momento determinado
entre dos o ms eventos.
El estado identifica un periodo de tiempo del
objeto (no instantneo) en el cual ste est
ejecutando o esperando por alguna
operacin, realiza ciertas actividades o
espera por ciertos eventos.
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Ejemplo de Estado
Condiciones
FC2 ON
FC1 ON
Esperando
Cargar
Paletas
Acciones
M1 y M2
OFF
Condiciones
FC2 OFF
En este caso la actividad

que est ocurriendo es la
espera para cargar paletas.
Se toman las acciones de
apagar M1 y M2 y se
transitar a otro estado
cuando la fotocelda FC2
est desactivada.
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Ejemplo de estados encadenados
En este caso se consideran todas las
actividades y su orden de ocurrencia.
FC2 OFF
Esperando
Cargar
M1 OFF
M2 OFF
FC2 ON
Cargando
Trans 1
Cargando
Trans 2
M1 ON
M2 ON
M1 ON
M2 OFF
FC1 ON
FC2 ON
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FIN UNIDAD 1
GRACIAS POR SU ATENCION
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UNIDAD 2
Dispositivos de Control Lgico
Secuencial
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Dispositivos Control Lgico Secuencial

En control lgico secuencial se hace uso de
una serie de dispositivos, los cuales en su
mayora tienen dos condiciones: ON / OFF,
Prendido / Apagado, Operado / No Operado.
En general estas dos condiciones estn
definidas como normalmente abierto (NO) y
normalmente cerrado (NC).
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De acuerdo al uso se tienen dispositivos de
entrada y dispositivos de salida.
Los dispositivos de entrada estn
relacionados con los instrumentos y
sensores, mientras los dispositivos de salida
estn relacionados con los elementos de
accin final.
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Entre los dispositivos lgicos de entradas se
tienen aquellos que establecen condiciones:
Interruptores
Selectores
Detectores
Contadores
Pulsadores
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Interruptores
Los interruptores son usados para hacer o
romper un circuito, permitiendo establecer
una condicin de entrada.
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Selectores
Los selectores permiten escoger la condicin
entre dos o ms elementos, permitiendo
establecer una sola condicin de entrada.
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Detectores
Los detectores permiten de acuerdo a un
principio fsico generar una condicin del
proceso que acte como entrada.
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Contadores
Los contadores permiten establecer el nmero
de eventos que ocurren en un perodo. Estos
generan condiciones que actan como
entradas.
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Pulsadores
Los pulsadores son usados para generar comandos
temporales de arranque, parada, apertura, cierre u
otras actividades asociadas a los procesos que las
requieran.
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Entre los dispositivos lgicos de salidas se
tienen aquellos que ejecutan acciones:
Relevadores (Rels)
Bobinas (Solenoides)
Pilotos
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Relevadores (Rels)
Los relevadores o rels son dispositivos
lgicos que permiten hacer o romper circuitos
de acuerdo a una accin sealada.
COMUN
NC
DPDT
SPDT
NO
1
NO
SEAL
COMUN
SEAL
NC
NC COMUN NO
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Bobinas
Las bobinas son un arrollado de alambre
sobre un ncleo metlico. Al ser sometidas a
un campo magntico generan una fuerza de
atraccin o de repulsin segn sea el caso.
BOBINAS
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Pilotos
Los pilotos se usan para indicar, mediante
efecto de luz, las condiciones de operacin de
un proceso.
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Automatismos
Se define como automatismo al dispositivo
elctrico, electrnico, hidrulico y/o
neumtico, que permite a un proceso
funcionar de forma automtica.
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Controladores Lgicos Programables
En la actualidad para realizar los procesos de
automatizacin, se utilizan los PLCs
(Programmable Logic Controller).
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FIN UNIDAD 2
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UNIDAD 3
Controladores Lgicos
Programables (PLCS)
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CONTROLADOR LGICO PROGRAMABLE
Qu son los PLCs ?

Los Controladores Lgicos Programables PLCs
son dispositivos de control orientados a resolver
problemas de control lgico secuencial.
Asimismo, los PLCs pueden ser usados en algunas
aplicaciones de control regulatorio.
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Componentes del PLC

Circuitos de
Salidas
Fuente de
poder
Circuitos de
Entradas
CPU
Expansiones
de Entradas
y Salidas
Puertos de
Comunicacin
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Ejemplo de componentes de un PLC

usando bastidores (chasis)
Bastidor
Fuente de
Alimentacin
Mdulos de
entradas y
salidas
CPU
Mdulo de
comunicaciones
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Ejemplo de componentes de un PLC

usando rieles como soporte
Mdulos de
Mdulo CPU comunicaciones
Riel
Mdulos de
entradas y salidas
Elementos colocados sobre rieles

Fuentes de
alimentacin
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Modulo CPU
El mdulo CPU es un microcomputador que
ejecuta cclicamente el programa elaborado y
almacenado por el usuario.
UNIDAD DE
MEMORIA ROM
MICRO
CONTROLADOR
UNIDAD DE CONTROL
COMUNICACIONES
BUS INTERNO DE DIRECCIONAMIENTO, DATOS Y CONTROL
UNIDAD DE
MEMORIA RAM
UNIDAD DE CONTROL DE
ENTRADAS Y SALIDAS
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Memoria del PLC
La memoria del PLC permite almacenar el
programa de aplicacin, los registros de datos del
sistema, las tablas de entrada y salida, los registros
de comunicacin y los registros de estados del
sistema.
Dependiendo el uso y funcin realizada la memoria
del PLC puede ser de los tipos RAM, ROM y
EEPROM.
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Memoria del PLC
La memoria RAM se usa para almacenar el
programa y los datos. Esta memoria usualmente
est respaldada por una batera.
La memoria ROM contiene los programas internos
y sistema operativo propios del PLC.
En algunos casos se hace uso de memorias
EEPROM con fines de no depender de una batera.
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Arreglo de la memoria del PLC
En general la memoria est organizada en registros
de 16 bits o dos bytes (word).
Comnmente se hace uso
MSB LSB
del sistema octal para
V-2000
identificar los registros.
V-2001
V-2002
La organizacin de la
memoria est definida por
el usuario, considerando
V-3007
V-3010
las reglas propias del PLC
usado.
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Fuente de alimentacin
Las fuentes de
alimentacin
proporcionan la
energa elctrica al
PLC para su
funcionamiento.
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Mdulos de entradas y salidas

Los mdulos de
entradas y salidas
son circuitos
electrnicos para
la adquisicin y
envo de seales
desde y hacia el
proceso.
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Mdulos de entradas y salidas

Mdulos de entradas
Los mdulos de entradas son Entradas analgica
aquellos que se encargan de
adquirir informacin de campo. Entradas discretas
Mdulos de salidas
Los mdulos de salidas son
aquellos que se encargan de
enviar informacin a campo.
Salidas analgica
Salidas discretas
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Adecuacin seales analgicas de entrada
Proceso
PLC
Transmisor
-10 a 10 voltios
Transmisor
4 a 20 miliamperios
Pick-Up magnticos
Valor de voltaje
-10 a 10 voltios
Valor de corriente
4 a 20 miliamperios
Seal de frecuencia
Conversin de
corriente a voltaje
Deteccin por
PLL
Valor en voltaje
1 a 5 Voltios
Valor en voltaje
0 a 5 Voltios
Conversin valores
Analgicos a digitales
Valores en palabras
de 16 bits BCD
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Adecuacin de seales de baja energa de entrada
Proceso
PLC
Termopar
RTD
Valor de Temperatura
en milivoltios
Valor de resistencia
en ohmios
Amplificador de
voltaje
Amplificador de
voltaje
Valor en voltaje
0 - 5 Voltios
Conversin valores
Analgicos a digitales
Valores en palabras
de 16 bits BCD
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Adecuacin de seales analgicas de salida
Valores digitales en
palabras de 16 bits BCD
Conversin valores
Digitales a analgicos
PLC
Valor en voltaje
-10 a 10 Voltios
Valor en voltaje
0 a 5 Voltios
Conversin de
voltaje a corriente
Valor de corriente
4 a 20 miliamperios
Proceso
Elemento final
de control
Elemento final
de control
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Entradas discretas.
Se usan para sensar la condicin de entrada
de los dispositivos lgicos que se
conectarn al PLC.
Estas entradas pueden ser conectadas en
configuracin fuente (source) y en
configuracin drenaje (drain).
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Conexiones de entradas discretas.

+ Vdc
- Vdc
CONEXIN FUENTE
+ Vdc
- Vdc
CONEXIN DRENAJE
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Salidas Discretas.
Se usan para ejecutar la accin de salida
sobre los dispositivos lgicos que manejar
el PLC.
Estas salidas pueden ser conectadas en
configuracin fuente (source) y en
configuracin drenaje (drain).
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Conexin de Salidas Discretas.

+ Vdc
+ Vdc
B
B
CONEXIN
FUENTE
- Vdc
CONEXIN
DRENAJE
- Vdc
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Ciclo de Ejecucin.
Es el tiempo que
demora el
procesador en
ejecutar el programa,
las tareas de
Actualiza datos en la
mantenimiento
tabla de imagen de
salida
interno y luego
ejecutar la lgica
nuevamente.
Actualizacin de la
tabla de imagen de
entrada
S
C
A
N
Ejecuta el programa
lgico
Ejecucin de
diagnsticos del
controlador.
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FIN UNIDAD 3
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UNIDAD 4
Lenguajes de Control Lgico
Secuencial
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Lenguajes de Control Lgico Secuencial

Lenguajes de Control Lgico Secuencial.
1.Booleano.
2.Bloques.
3.Escalera.
4.Estructurado.
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Lenguajes Lgicos de Programacin
Los lenguajes de programacin, aunque
normalizados en su parte bsica, son tan
variados como fabricantes de PLCs hay.
En general se puede hablar de cuatro tipos
de lenguajes: Booleano, Bloques o
Funciones, Escalera y Estructurado o por
Secuencia de Estados.
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Lenguaje Booleano
Este lenguaje est desarrollado sobre la
base del lgebra booleana, la cual permite
el diseo de un sistema, circuito o
instrumento lgico digital.
Adicionalmente, el lgebra booleana
permite al ingeniero o al tcnico seguir de
forma sencilla la operacin del diseo.
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Aplicacin de Lenguaje Booleano
Consideremos un
proceso de distribucin.
Cada seis envases se
selecciona la
transportadora usando
un gato hidrulico.
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Aplicacin de Lenguaje Booleano
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Lenguaje en Bloques
Este lenguaje permite el diseo en una
forma similar al lenguaje booleano. La
diferencia radica en la representacin
grfica y en la facilidad de ubicar la
secuencia en el tiempo.
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Aplicacin de Lenguaje en Bloques
Stop M3
FC3
Start SV1
SV1
&
S
R
XS1
Bajando
XS2
Start M3
SV1
Stop SV1
&
XS2
S
R
Subiendo
XS1
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Lenguaje en Escalera
Es el ms conocido de los lenguajes de
programacin de lgicas. Este lenguaje
posibilita la creacin de sistemas de mayor
complejidad. Asimismo, se emplean los
diagramas usados en los sistemas de control
existentes.
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Elementos del Lenguaje en Escalera
Entradas
Normalmente Abierta
Normalmente Cerrada
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Elementos del Lenguaje en Escalera
Salidas
Normalmente Abierta
Normalmente Cerrada
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Ejemplo de Lenguaje en Escalera
Un diagrama de escalera
es una representacin
grfica en forma de
contactos elctricos.
Similar a los usados en
esquemas de circuitos
elctricos convencionales.
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Aplicacin de Lenguaje en Escalera
FC3
Start SV1
(S )
(R )
Stop M3
SV1
Bajando
XS1
(S )
Bajando
XS2
(R )
SV1
Subiendo
XS2
(S )
XS1
Subiendo
(R )
Subiendo
Bajando
Start M3
(S )
Stop SV1
(R )
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Representacin de Diagramas Elctricos
Diagrama Elctrico
Diagrama de Escalera
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Lenguaje Estructurado
Estos lenguajes se usan para desarrollar
controles secuenciales usando mtodos
estructurados en vez de mtodos heursticos
de ensayo y error.
La depuracin de programas estructurados es
mucho ms fcil, debido a que ellos estn
organizados y proveen ayuda visual.
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Lenguaje en Diagrama de Estados
La lgica escalera a menudo es escrita en
forma no estructurada, lo que la hace difcil
de analizar y corregir. Esto puede ser
remediado mediante un enfoque estructural
llamado diagrama de estados.
Un diagrama de estados es una
representacin pictrica de un proceso de
control secuencial.
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Como desarrollar Diagrama de Estados
El primer paso en este enfoque es preparar
una descripcin de lo que se necesita hacer.
El segundo paso es trasladar esta
descripcin a un diagrama de estados,
determinando los posibles estados a travs de
los cuales el proceso avanza.
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Como desarrollar Diagrama de Estados
El tercer paso es conectar estos estados
para indicar las direcciones del cambio
deseado.
Finalmente, se agregan las condiciones
lgicas, escritas en forma booleana, que
causan la transicin de un estado a otro.
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Aplicacin de Diagrama de Estado
Estado
Bajando
SV1 = On
M3 = Off
Bajando = On
Subiendo = Off
FC3 = 1 y
Subir = 1
Bajando = Off
Subiendo = On
M3 = Off
SV1 = On
Estado
Subiendo
XS2 = 1
SV1 = Off
M3 = On
XS1 = 1
FC3 = 1 y
Bajar = 1
Estado
Cargando
SV1 = Off
M3 = Off
Estado
Inicial
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Implantacin en PLCs.
Condiciones
Condiciones
Saltar al Prximo
Estado
Estado Activado
Estado
Activado
Deshabilitar
Estado Anterior
Acciones
a Ejecutar
Acciones a
Ejecutar
Condiciones
Condiciones
Saltar al Prximo
Estado
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Ventajas de los Diagramas de Estado
La estructura en este control resulta fcil de
seguir, depurar y mantener.
El programa se escribe para cualquiera de
los PLCs.
Ayuda al anlisis del funcionamiento total
de un control y permite dividir un control
complejo en partes menores y segmentos
ms manejables.
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FIN UNIDAD 4
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UNIDAD 5
Desarrollo de Diagramas de
Estados
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Desarrollo de Diagramas de Estados

Conceptos.
Secuencia.
Estado.
Acciones.
Condiciones de transicin.
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Secuencia.
Coleccin de objetos o elementos ordenados
de acuerdo a su ocurrencia en el tiempo.
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Estado.
Un Estado consiste en la persistencia de un
evento dentro de una secuencia, mientras el
tiempo transcurre.
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Acciones.
Actividades que se inician o realizan durante
la permanencia en un estado.
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Condiciones de transicin.
Eventos que ocurren durante la permanencia
en el estado actual y que permiten transitar a
un estado futuro.
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Diagrama de Estado.
Es una representacin pictrica de un tipo
particular de diagrama de flujo. En el cual se
presentan los estados, las acciones y las
transiciones.
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Procedimiento para el desarrollo de los
diagramas de estados:
1.Generacin de la narrativa del proceso.
2.Identificacin de los posibles estados.
3.Identificacin de las acciones.
4.Identificacin de las condiciones de
transicin.
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Procedimiento para el desarrollo de
diagramas de estados:
5.Generacin de la tabla de estados.
6.Generacin de los diagramas de estados.
7.Generacin de la aplicacin.
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1. Generacin de la narrativa del proceso.
La narrativa es una descripcin de la
operacin del proceso que se desea
automatizar.
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2. Identificacin de los posibles estados.
De acuerdo a la narrativa del proceso se
procede a identificar aquellos posibles estados
que definen el comportamiento de la dinmica
del proceso.
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Ejemplos de estados.
Llenando tanque.
Vaciando tanque.
Arrancando bomba.
Despachando producto.
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3. Identificacin de las acciones.
Externas
Son aquellas que se generan como salidas
fsicas y virtuales desde el controlador.
Internas
Son aquellas que se generan como
actividades propias de la aplicacin en el
controlador.
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Ejemplos de Acciones.
Encender Bomba.
Abrir Vlvulas.
Apagar Bomba.
Cerrar Vlvulas.
Inicio de temporizacin.
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4. Identificacin de las condiciones de
transicin.
Externas
Son aquellas que se generan como entradas
fsicas y virtuales al controlador.
Internas
Son aquellas que se generan como
actividades propias de la aplicacin en el
controlador.
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Ejemplos de Condiciones.
Bomba encendida.
Bomba apagada.
Comando START.
Comando STOP.
Alto nivel LSH.
Bajo nivel LSL.
Fin de temporizacin.
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5. Generacin de la tabla de estados.
Es una representacin tabular donde se
indica los estados actuales y futuros, las
acciones y las condiciones.
Representa la secuencia de control del
proceso.
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Modelo de tabla de estados.
ID estado Nombre del
actual
estado actual
Acciones
Transiciones
ID estado
futuro
Notas
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6. Generacin de los diagramas de estados.
S05
Llenando Bomba = ON
tanque
Interruptor Alto Nivel = 1
S06
Vaciando Bomba = OFF
tanque
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Ejemplo de diagrama de estados.
Estado
Bajando
SV1 = On
M3 = Off
Bajar = On
Subir = Off
FC3 = 1 y
Subir = 1
Bajar = Off
Subir = On
M3 = Off
SV1 = On
Estado
Subiendo
XS2 = 1
SV1 = Off
M3 = On
XS1 = 1
FC3 = 1 y
Bajar= 1
Estado
Cargando
SV1 = Off
M3 = Off
Estado
Inicial
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Generacin de los diagramas de estados.
Esquema de estados en diagramas de
Escalera Estructurado.
Estado 2
Estado 1
Estado 3
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Lenguaje de Escalera Estructurado.
Un diagrama de escalera es una
representacin grfica en forma de
contactos elctricos.
El diagrama de escalera es
estructurado cuando obedece a una
estructura particular que permite
ejecutar los diagramas de estados.
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Estructura en diagrama de escalera .
Condiciones
Condiciones
Saltar al Prximo
Estado
Estado Activado
Estado
Activado
Deshabilitar
Estado Anterior
Acciones
a Ejecutar
Acciones a
Ejecutar
Condiciones
Condiciones
Saltar al Prximo
Estado
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Estados en Configuracin Sencilla.
Evolucin de un estado a otro por el cambio de una
condicin a verdadera.
Estado 0
X0
X0=1
Estado 1
X0=0
JMP
EST 1
Estado 1
X0
Estado 2
Estado 0
JMP
EST 2
Estado 2
X1
X3=1
Estado 3
X1=1
OUT
Y1
JMP
EST 3
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Estados Divergentes.
Existen cuando dentro de un estado son activados dos
estados futuros simultneamente.
Estado 1
Estado 0
X0
Estado 0
SET
EST 1
X0=1
Estado 2
JMP
EST 2
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Estados Convergentes.
Se utiliza cuando es necesario que dos estados activos
culminen al mismo tiempo para activar el siguiente
estado.
Estado 3
Estado 3
Estado 5
Estado 4
X0=1
Estado 4
X0
CVJMP
EST 5
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Estados Exclusivos.
Aparecen en una secuencia cuando existe la
posibilidad de que dos condiciones se puedan
presentar simultneamente.
Estado 2
X0
OUT
Y1
X2
X3
JMP
EST 0
X3
JMP
EST 3
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7. Generacin de la aplicacin.
Consiste en llevar el
diagrama de
escalera al
controlador.
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Desarrollo del controlador secuencial.

Se va a considerar
a manera de
ejemplo el
desarrollo de un
controlador
secuencial para el
siguiente proceso
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Narrativa de Operacin
El proceso se puede dividir en subprocesos para facilitar el
diseo del control. Estos subprocesos son:
Control de arranque y parada de la bomba.
Control de nivel del tanque.
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En operacin manual la bomba arrancar
cuando el pulsador de START es pulsado.
Se activar un temporizador para
enmascarar la seal de bajo flujo. Mientras
exista alarma de alta presin la bomba se
parar. Una vez transcurrido el tiempo del
temporizador si persiste el bajo flujo la
bomba se parar. Cuando el pulsador de
STOP es pulsado la bomba se apagar.
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En operacin automtica la bomba
arrancar cuando reciba la seal de llenar
tanque. Se activar un temporizador para
enmascarar la seal de bajo flujo. Mientras
exista alarma de alta presin la bomba se
apagar. Una vez transcurrido el tiempo del
temporizador si persiste el bajo flujo la
bomba se parar. Cuando el pulsador de
STOP es pulsado o se reciba la seal de
vaciar tanque la bomba se apagar.
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Control de nivel del tanque.
En modo automtico cuando el suiche
de bajo nivel LSL01 est activado el
tanque debe llenarse. Cuando el
suiche de alto nivel LSH01 est
activado el tanque debe dejar de
llenarse. Si el suiche de bajo nivel
LSL01 est activado y el suiche de
alto nivel LSH01 est activado o el
suiche de muy alto nivel LSHH01
est activado se ir a una parada de
emergencia.
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Identificacin de los posibles estados.

Proceso de arranque y parada de la bomba.
Arrancando Bomba en Automtico.
Funcionando Bomba en Automtico.
Apagando Bomba en Automtico.
Arrancando Bomba en Manual.
Funcionando Bomba en Manual.
Apagando Bomba en Manual.
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Identificacin de los posibles estados.

Proceso de Llenado y Vaciado del Tanque.
Llenando Tanque.
Vaciando Tanque.
Activando Alarma.
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Identificacin de las acciones

Proceso de arranque y parada de la Bomba.
Acciones:
Encender la Bomba.
Apagar la Bomba.
Activar temporizador.
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Identificacin de las acciones

Proceso de Llenado y Vaciado del Tanque
Acciones:
Llenar.
Vaciar.
Activar Alarma.
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Identificacin de las condiciones

Condiciones de transicin:
Pulsador START.
Pulsador STOP.
Selector Auto/Manual.
Suiche de bajo flujo FSL01.
Suiche de alta presin PSH01.
Fin del temporizador.
Seal de llenar.
Seal de vaciar.
Seal de parar.
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Identificacin de las condiciones

Proceso de Llenado y Vaciado del Tanque
Condiciones de transicin:
Suiche de bajo nivel LSL01.
Suiche de alto nivel LSH01.
Suiche de muy alto nivel
LSHH01.
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Generacin de la tabla de estados

ID estado
actual
Nombre del
estado actual
IS0
Inicial
S00
Parando
bomba en
automtico.
S01
Arrancando
bomba en
automtico
Acciones
Transiciones
Bomba=OFF
Bomba=OFF
Bomba = ON
Iniciar
temporizador
ID estado
futuro
Notas
S00
Llenar = 1 AND
PSH01 = 0
S01
Man = 1
S04
PSH01 = 0 AND
FSL01 = 0 AND
Temp = Fin
S02
PSH01 = 1 OR
Parar = 1 OR
Vaciar = 1 OR
(FSL01 = 1 AND
Temp = Fin)
S00
Man = 1
S05
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ID estado
actual
S02
S03
Nombre del
estado actual
Acciones
Bomba
Funcionando Bomba = ON
en automtico
Bomba
funcionando
manual
Bomba = ON
Transiciones
ID estado
futuro
PSH01 = 1 OR
FSL01 = 1 OR
Vaciar = 1 OR
Parar =1
S00
Man = 1
S03
Auto = 1
S02
STOP = 1 OR
PSH01 = 1 OR
FSL01 = 1 OR
Parar =1
Notas
S04
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ID estado
actual
S04
S05
Nombre del
estado actual
Parando
bomba en
manual
Arrancando
bomba en
manual
Acciones
Transiciones
ID
estado
futuro
START= 1
S05
Auto=1
S00
PSH01 = 0 AND
FSL01 = 0 AND
Temp = Fin
S03
Notas
Bomba = OFF
Bomba = ON
Iniciar
temporizador
PSH01 = 1 OR STOP
= 1 OR Parar = 1
OR
S04
(FSL01 = 1 AND
Temp= Fin)
Auto= 1
S01
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ID estado
actual
Nombre del
estado actual
Acciones
IS1
Inicial
Vaciar = OFF
Llenar = OFF
Parar = OFF
S06
Vaciando
Tanque
Vaciar = ON
Llenar = OFF
Parar = OFF
S07
Llenando
Tanque
Vaciar = OFF
Llenar = ON
Parar = OFF
S08
Activando
Alarma
Vaciar = OFF
Llenar = OFF
Parar = ON
Transiciones
ID estado
futuro
S06
LSL01 = 1
S07
LSHH01=1 OR
(LSL01 = 1 AND
LSH01 = 1)
S08
LSH01 = 1
S06
LSHH01=1 OR
(LSL01 = 1 AND
LSH01 = 1)
S08
Reponer = 1
S06
Notas
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Bomba = OFF
IS0
Inicio
PSH01 = 1OR
FSL01 = 1 OR
Vaciar=1 OR
Parar=1
PSH01 = 1 OR
Parar = 1 OR
Vaciar = 1 OR
(FSL01 = 1 AND
Temp = Fin)
Bomba = OFF
S00
Parando
bomba en
auto
Man = 1
Llenar =1 AND
PSH01 = 0
Auto = 1
S01
Bomba =ON
Iniciar Temp.
S02
Arrancando
bomba en PSH01 = 0 AND
auto
FSL01 = 0 AND
Temp = Fin
Auto = 1
Man = 1
Bomba =ON
Bomba
funcionando
en auto
Auto = 1
Man = 1
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A
Auto = 1
Man = 1
S04
Bomba = OFF
Parando
bomba en
manual
Auto = 1
Man = 1
START=1
S05
Arrancando
bomba en
manual
PSH01 = 1 OR
STOP = 1 OR
PARAR = 1 OR
(FSL01 = 1 AND
Temp = Fin)
Auto = 1
Man = 1
Bomba = ON
Iniciar Temp.
S03
PSH01 = 0 AND
FSL01 = 0 AND
Temp = Fin
Bomba =ON
Bomba
funcionando
en manual
STOP=1 OR
PSH01 = 1 OR
FSL01 = 1 OR
Parar = 1
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IS1
Inicio
*
Vaciar=OFF
Llenar=OFF
Parar = OFF
LSH01=1
S06
Vaciando
tanque
Vaciar=ON
Llenar=OFF
Parar = OFF
S07
Vaciar=OFF
Llenar=ON
Parar = OFF
Llenando
tanque
LSL01=1
Reponer=1
S08
Activando
Alarma
(LSL01= 1 AND
LSH01= 1) OR
LSHH=1
Vaciar=OFF
Llenar=OFF
Parar= ON
(LSL01= 1 AND
LSH01= 1) OR
LSHH=1
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Programacin del PLC

PLC Virtual.
IS1
Inicio
*
Vaciar=OFF
Llenar=OFF
-LSH01=1
S06
Vaciar=ON
Llenar=OFF
S07
Vaciar=OFF
Llenar=ON
Llenando
tanque
Vaciando
tanque
-LSL01=1
S08
Vaciar=OFF
Llenar=OFF
Estado de
emergencia
-LSL01= 1 AND
LSH01= 1
-LSHH=1
-LSL01= 1 AND
LSH01= 1
-LSHH=1
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Programacin del PLC

PLC Virtual.
Es el software que ejecuta las funciones
de un PLC en un computador personal.
Se utiliza el lenguaje Escalera
Estructurado para la programacin.
Monitorea los estados, condiciones y
acciones.
Permite ejecutar simulaciones.
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Programacin del PLC

PLC Virtual.
Simula las entradas y salidas de campo.
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Programacin del PLC

Estructura del PLC Virtual.
El PLC Virtual est estructurado en
ventanas.
Ventana de programacin.
Ventana de simulacin.
Ventana de aplicacin.
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Programacin del PLC

Definicin de las Ventanas.
Ventana de
Programacin
Ventana de
Simulacin
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Programacin del PLC

Ventana de Programacin.
Instrucciones
de Entradas
Lneas de
Programacin
Instrucciones
de Salidas
Borrar e Iniciar
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Programacin del PLC

Ventana de Simulacin.
rea de
simulacin de
las entradas y
salidas del PLC
rea de Monitoreo
de estados.
rea de comandos
Comando Salir
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Programacin del PLC

rea de Monitoreo de estados.
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Programacin del PLC

rea de Comandos.
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Programacin del PLC

Instrucciones de Entradas.
Instrucciones de Salida.
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Programacin del PLC

Contacto Normalmente Abierto (NO).
Rango en el
PLC Virtual
Tipo de Dato del Operando

Entradas
X00 X19
Salidas
Y00 Y19
Contactos Auxiliares
B00 B19
Temporizadores ON DELAY
TC
TC1 TC9
Temporizadores OFF DELAY
TD
TD1 TD9
Contadores
CT
CT1 CT9
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Programacin del PLC

Contacto Normalmente Abierto (NO).
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Programacin del PLC

Contacto Normalmente Cerrado (NC).
Rango en el
PLC Virtual

Entradas
X00 X19
Salidas
Y00 Y19
B00 B19
TC
TC1 TC9
TD
TD1 TD9
Contadores
CT
CT1 CT9
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Programacin del PLC

Contacto Normalmente Cerrado (NC).
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Programacin del PLC

Contacto Flanco de Subida.
Rango en el
PLC Virtual

Entradas
X00 X19
B00 B19
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Programacin del PLC

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Programacin del PLC

0
8 Barridos
X01
X01
Y02
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Programacin del PLC

Contacto Flanco de Bajada .
Rango en el
PLC Virtual

Entradas
X00 X19
B00 B19
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Programacin del PLC

Contacto Flanco de Bajada.
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Programacin del PLC

Contacto Flanco de Bajada.
0
8 Barridos
X01
Y02
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Programacin del PLC

Temporizador ON DELAY.
Tiempo en Segundos
Rango en el
PLC Virtual
TC TC1 TC9
19
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Programacin del PLC

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Programacin del PLC

0
8 Segundo
s
X01
TC1
Y02
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Programacin del PLC

Temporizador OFF DELAY.
Tiempo en Segundos
Rango en el
PLC Virtual
TD TD1 TD9
19
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Programacin del PLC

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Programacin del PLC

0
8 Segundo
s
X01
TC2
Y02
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Programacin del PLC

Contador.
Contador
Nmero de cuentas
Rango en el
PLC Virtual
CT CT1 CT9
19
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Programacin del PLC

Contador.
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Programacin del PLC

Contador.
0
8 Segundo
s
X01
CT1
Y02
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Programacin del PLC

Instruccin SET.
Rango en el
PLC Virtual

Salidas
Y00 Y19
B00 B19
Estados
IS0 IS1
S00 S11
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Programacin del PLC

Instruccin SET.
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Programacin del PLC

Instruccin SET.
0
8 Segundo
s
X10
Y02
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Programacin del PLC

Instruccin RESET.
Rango en el
PLC Virtual

Salidas
Y00 Y19
B00 B19
Estados
IS0 IS1
S00 S11
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Programacin del PLC

Instruccin RESET.
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Programacin del PLC

Instruccin RESET.
0
8 Segundo
s
X11
Y02
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Programacin del PLC

Salto de Estado.
Rango en el
PLC Virtual

Estados
S00 S11
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Programacin del PLC

Salto de Estado.
S00
X01
S01
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Programacin del PLC

Salto de Estado.
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Programacin del PLC

Ejercicio con el simulador.
Usando el PLC
Virtual
Activar la salida Y02 con

la entrada X01.
Hacer SET a la salida Y03
con el pulsador X10 y
RESET con el pulsador
X11.
Activar la salida Y04 por 3
segundos, seleccionando la
entrada X14.
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Programacin del PLC

Ventana de la aplicacin.
rea del
Despliegue
rea de
entradas y
salidas
rea de
comandos y
monitoreo
de estados.
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FIN UNIDAD 5
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UNIDAD 6
Los PLCs en Sistemas de Control
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Los PLCs son ampliamente usados, no slo
en las aplicaciones de manufactura, sino
tambin en el control de plantas industriales
y en los sistemas de supervisin y control
(SCADA).
En este sentido, se procede a presentar el
PLC dentro del ambiente de los sistemas de
control.
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Los aspectos de integracin operacional, a
ser considerados, para la implantacin de
sistemas de control sobre la base de PLCs,
se indican a continuacin:
1. Redes de control para PLC.
2. El PLC como integrador operacional.
3. PLC y su uso como RTU en SCADA.
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Redes de control para PLC
Las redes son una pieza fundamental en
automatizacin, ya que son el medio por el
cual se transportan los datos de control y la
informacin de los procesos en general. El
bus de campo es una forma de disear la
automatizacin y de evitar costosos
cableados.
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Ejemplo de Redes de control para PLC
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Otro ejemplo de Redes de control para PLC
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El PLC como Integrador Operacional
CONSOLAS DE OPERACION
E INGENIERIA
COMUNICACIONES
RED LOCAL DE
CONTROL
CPU
CPU
CPU
I/O
I/O
I/O
REDUNDANTE
I/O
RED DE
CAMPO
RED DE
CAMPO
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Aplicacin del PLC como parte de un SCADA
Se va a considerar un SCADA (Supervisory
Control And Data Adquisition) para una
macolla de pozos que usan tecnologa de
inyeccin de diluente, bombas de cavidad
progresiva (BCP) y bombeo mecnico (BM).
Se va a tener hasta ocho (8) pozos y cada uno
de ellos le reportar al sistema supervisorio
central de acuerdo al siguiente esquema:
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Aplicacin del PLC en SCADA
CONSOLA
Sistema de Control y
Adquisicin de Datos
TCP / IP
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Aplicacin del PLC en SCADA
TCP / IP
BCP
SCADA
DILUENTE
ESTACIN __
BM
SELECTOR
REMOTO
LOCAL
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SCADA
TCP / IP
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Ejercicio:
Ejecutar las simulaciones BCP y BM.
Desarrollar el control secuencial de acuerdo
a la narrativa.
Ejecutar la aplicacin.
Aplicar comandos en Local.
Aplicar comandos en Remoto desde el
SCADA
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Proceso para la BCP con diluente
Este proceso permite extraer crudo pesado al
inyectar un diluente directamente sobre la bomba
de cavidad progresiva. A travs de una vlvula de
control se maneja la inyeccin de diluente.
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Proceso para el Bombeo Mecnico con
diluente
Este proceso permite extraer crudo pesado al
inyectar un diluente directamente sobre la sarta del
balancn de produccin. A travs de una vlvula de
control se maneja la inyeccin de diluente.
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Los PLCs y su uso como RTU
Los PLCs pueden ser usados como
Unidades Terminales Remotas (RTUs) para
adquisicin de datos y control.
Sin embargo se debe tener en cuenta, que la
diferencia radica principalmente en el
sistema operativo de cada cual.
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Topologas de Control usando PLC

Los PLCs y su uso como RTU
El sistema operativo de un PLC est sobre la
base de un sistema cclico secuencial,
barriendo a una velocidad muy alta.
El sistema operativo de una RTU est sobre
la base de un sistema en tiempo real y con un
manejo intenso de interrupciones.
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Topologas de Control usando PLC

Ejemplo de PLC y su uso como RTU
RTU
PLC
La supervisin de este contacto

elctrico en la RTU se realiza con
una interrupcin que resulta en la
modificacin de la memoria de la
RTU. Sin embargo en el PLC se
requerira una rapidez de ms de
dos veces en el barrido, que la
duracin en la operacin del
contacto, para registrar el evento.
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FIN UNIDAD 6
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Manual Laminas Curso Control Lógico Secuencial

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Manual Laminas Curso Control Lógico Secuencial

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Control Lgico Secuencial

CONTROL LGICO SECUENCIAL

PROGRAMA DEL CURSO

Introduccin al Control Lgico Secuencial.

Evolucin del Control Lgico Secuencial.

Operaciones Lgicas Bsicas.

o Unidad N 2, Dispositivos de Control Lgico Secuencial.

Dispositivos Lgicos de Entrada.

Dispositivos Lgicos de Salida.

Controladores Lgicos Programables.

Que son los PLCs.

Componentes del PLC.

Programa del Curso Control Lgico Secuencial Pag 1/3

CONTROL LGICO SECUENCIAL

Memoria del PLC.

Mdulos de entradas y salidas.

Adecuacin de seales analgicas.

Conexiones de seales discretas.

o Unidad N 4, Lenguajes de Control Lgico secuencial.

Lenguajes Lgicos de Programacin.

Conceptos (Secuencia, Estado, Acciones y Condiciones).

Desarrollo de Diagramas de Estado.

Generacin de Narrativa del Proceso.

Identificacin de los posibles Estados.

Identificacin de las Acciones.

Identificacin de las Condiciones de Transicin.

Generacin de la Tabla de Estados.

Generacin de los Diagramas de Estados.

Programa del Curso Control Lgico Secuencial Pag 2/3

CONTROL LGICO SECUENCIAL

Desarrollo del Controlador Secuencial.

Programacin del PLC.

Estructura del PLC Virtual.

Definicin de las ventanas.

Definicin de las Instrucciones.

Ejercicio con el Simulador.

Redes de Control para PLC.

El PLC como integrador operacional.

PLC y su uso como RTU en SCADA (aplicacin).

Programa del Curso Control Lgico Secuencial Pag 3/3

CONTROL LGICO SECUENCIAL

CONTROL LGICO SECUENCIAL

Conceptos de Control Lgico Secuencial

CONTROL LGICO SECUENCIAL

Conceptos de Control Lgico Secuencial

CONTROL LGICO SECUENCIAL

Conceptos de Control Lgico Secuencial

CONTROL LGICO SECUENCIAL

Conceptos de Control Lgico Secuencial

CONTROL LGICO SECUENCIAL

Conceptos de Control Lgico Secuencial

Primer PLC para GM

Estructura del PLC

CONTROL LGICO SECUENCIAL

Conceptos de Control Lgico Secuencial

CONTROL LGICO SECUENCIAL

Conceptos de Control Lgico Secuencial

CONTROL LGICO SECUENCIAL

Conceptos de Control Lgico Secuencial

CONTROL LGICO SECUENCIAL

Conceptos de Control Lgico Secuencial

CONTROL LGICO SECUENCIAL

Conceptos de Control Lgico Secuencial

CONTROL LGICO SECUENCIAL