02-Wollny-sma-Large Scale Hybrid Power Supply

Large Scale Off-Grid PV-Power Supply with
Renewables
Michael Wollny
Director, Business Development Off-Grid Solutions
SMA Solar Technology AG, Germany
BSW-Solar special exhibition
"Rural Electrification" at Intersolar 2011
Disclaimer
This presentation may contain future predictions. Future predictions are statements that do not describe facts from
the past. They also contain assessments on our assumptions and expectations. These assessments are based on
planning, estimates, and forecasts, which are currently available to the SMA Solar Technology AG (SMA or company)
board of directors. Future predictions are therefore only applicable on the day on which they are made. It lies in the
nature of future predictions that they contain risks and elements of uncertainty. Various known and unknown risks,
uncertainties, and other factors may cause the actual results, financial situation, development, or performance of the
company to significantly deviate from the assessments provided in this presentation. These factors include those that
SMA has described in published reports, which are available on the website www.SMA.de. The company assumes
no liability for updating or adjusting such future predictions in accordance with future events or developments.
This presentation serves informational purposes only and does not constitute an offer or request to buy, keep, or sell
company shares.
Outline| Company Introduction| Potential Market| Economical aspects | Suitable technological solutions| Best practices | Conclusion
Outline
SMA Solar Technology, Company introduction

Market Potential Off-Grid
Economical aspects
Suitable technological solutions
Best practices
SMA is market and technology leader for PV inverters

All PV applications
All performance ranges
Thin
film
From <1 kW
On-grid
To >1 MW
Off-grid
All module types
Crystalline
modules
Back-up
SMA offers inverters for all applications in photovoltaics
Concentrator
modules
Continuous internationalization in order to take over

key positions in all future solar markets
More than 900 sales and service personnel all over the globe
8
SMA will benefit from the worldwide growth of the solar market due
to the good market positioning
>
Founded in 1981
>
Turnover of 1.9 billion Euros in 2010
>
7.8 gigawatt produced in 2010
>
More than 5,000 employees all over

the globe, approx. 330 trainees
>
17 foreign subsidiaries on four continents
>
Best efficiency worldwide (98.7 %)
In 2010, SMA achieved nearly 45 % in sales abroad.

7
Estimated Off-Grid Market Size in 2011
Source: SMA/Navigant Consult
Estimated Off-Grid Market Size in 2011
Source: SMA/Navigant Consult
Sustitution of Diesel Generation Power with Renewables
Source: SMA
Estimated costs by using diesel generator

The electricity cost ranges between
0.30 Euros (dark brown) to 2.4 Euro

(light yellow)
The computations have been performed

in three main steps.
- Calculation of transport costs for
diesel;
- Calculation of production cost for
electricity
- Calculation of the final costs of
electricity consist of the production
costs and the costs of labour,
maintenance and amortization.
10
The electricity production cost calculated for a

15 kWp off-grid PV System in Africa
The electricity production cost ranges
from 0.2 up to 0.55 EUR/kWh
Large geographical differences can be
observed: some of the most favorable
regions with low costs have very low
population density (e.g. Sahara with 0-15
persons/km2) while at other are relatively
densely populated (e.g. Tanzania, South
Africa with 30-100 persons/km2 ))
11
Analysis of sensitivity: Benefits of PV Hybrid Systems
With state-of-the-art PV-system costs as well as diesel fuel prices, a

30 kW PV hybrid system is approx. 20 % cheaper (regarding TCO)
Above diesel fuel costs of approx. 0,8 /l, the PV hybrid system will
stay more cost effective
With another decrease of PV system costs to half of todays price
level, the costs of a PV hybrid system will only be 50 % of the costs
for a full diesel power supply.
12
System technology depending on size, the right concept has

to be chosen
13
Suitable technological solutions for rural electrification

1. Grid extension for urban areas (AC bus line)
2. Genset dominated supply (Petrol, Gasoline, LPG)(AC bus line)
3. Solar Home Systems (DC-Bus line)
4. Hybrid or Mini Grid power supply systems based on Renewables (AC bus
line)
14
Modular hybrid design
~
AC bus line
Inverter
Master
Inverter
Grid quality electricity

Easy expandability
Backup solution
Integration of different RES
Standard components
15
SMA Multicluster Technology
Easy set-up for hybrid systems and mini-grids
16

Multicluster Box 6
Number of Sunny Island: 6
Load connection: 55 kW
Multicluster Box 12

Multicluster Box 36

17
Approved technology for rural electrification and mini grids

AC-coupled hybrid systems
Outstanding flexibility and use of different renewable energy sources
High security of energy supplies and availability
Special knowledge for proper installation not needed
18
Modular system configuration up to 300 kW

Use of standard components (Mulicluster Box, SI5048, SB, SMC, BATFUSE)
Comfortable transport to remote areas
Quick installation and commissioning
19
Hierarchy and communication links in the cluster group
20
Off-Grid Power Supply Isle of Eigg, Scotland

Scottish Inner Hebrides
16 km distance to the coast
Harboring around 100 residents
The community consists of 45
households, 26 business and 6
community buildings
Up to 2008: diesel supply during
the day (reason was, noise
protection)
... and in the evening candle light!
21
Interconnection of different Renewable Energy

Hydro power
110 kW
Photovoltaic
10 kWp (3 x
SB3000)
Wind Energy
24 kW
(4 x WB6000)
System control 100

kWp
(12 x SI5048)
22
Micro-Grid: Distributed Renewable Energy Supply System
23
System Control over 3 parameter only

1. Frequency Shift Power Control
2. Voltage vs. Reactive Power
3. Battery State of Charge
24
Variable No 1: System Frequency

Frequency depending power control (FSPC, Frequency Shift Power Control), if battery is
full and more renewable energy is available.
Charged battery
High penetration
from renwables
Low energy consumption
f= 50 Hz
f= (50+f) Hz
25
Frequency Shift Power Control

Similar to the grid interconnection without additional communication wiring
Output power control from PV and Wind with grid frequency
Increasing of system frequency results in declining of feeding from the inverters
Pac (%)
Fac-Start delta (1Hz)
Fac-delta- (4,5Hz)
100
Fac-Limit delta (2Hz)

50
-4
-3
-2
-1
Fac-delta+ (4,5Hz)
f0
+1
+2
+3
+4
Fac (Hz)
26
Variable No 2: Voltage vs. Reactive Power

Parallel operation of voltage sources desired droop control
UGEN
UBWR
27
Variable No 3: State of Charge

Sunny Island monitor and controls the
system automatically
Integrated Parameter: State of charge
(SOC)
1. SOC 60 %: Generator is started
2. SOC 90 %: Generator is stopped
Diesel Generator is only needed
if renewables are not available !
28
Village Electrification Afghanistan

Electrification of 4 villages in the
Region of Gardez, Afghanistan
System with 100 kWp Photovoltaic
and 250 kW - Diesel Generator
14 km medium voltage grid

A
between the villages

Prepaid-card system installed to
Systems deliver energy in

network quality !
Source: SESA
Source: Google Maps
cover the maintenance cost
29
Electrification of Schools Borneo

Electrification of over 250 schools
in Malaysia
Total power > 2 MW
(PV-Systems from 15 to 60 kW)
Substitution of 100 % Diesel
Generator power
Source: Google Maps
avoided diesel fuel costs

PV-Hybrid Systems are profitable
by now !
Source: SMA/Solarworld/APEX
Financed from the government over
30
South Pacific (Tahiti) Reao

Power supply for 40 houses and
business
18 x Sunny Island 5048
battery inverters: 90 kW
Battery bank: 1842 kWh
Photovoltaic: 140 kWp
Diesel Generator: 120 kVA
1 x Multicluster Box 36.3
24 h power from batteries
31
Installed Multicluster Systems up to 300 kW
32
Conclusion and Outlook

Large-scale modular hybrid system
with standard components are reliable

and economical
loads & generation coupled by a medium

or low voltage grid
Controlled by grid frequency and SOC
high reliability achieved by using a

modular concept
easy service performed by local

electricians
PV hybrid systems are the only sensible way for remote habitations to guarantee a
24/7 power supply!
33
Thank you very much for your attention !

More information you get from:
http://www.ruralelec.org/
Michael.Wollny@SMA.de
Dipl.- Ing. Michael Wollny
SMA Solar Technology AG
www.SMA.de
34

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Large Scale Off-Grid PV-Power Supply with

SMA Solar Technology, Company introduction

SMA is market and technology leader for PV inverters

All performance ranges

All module types

SMA offers inverters for all applications in photovoltaics

Continuous internationalization in order to take over

Turnover of 1.9 billion Euros in 2010

7.8 gigawatt produced in 2010

More than 5,000 employees all over

17 foreign subsidiaries on four continents

Best efficiency worldwide (98.7 %)

In 2010, SMA achieved nearly 45 % in sales abroad.

Estimated Off-Grid Market Size in 2011

Source: SMA/Navigant Consult

Estimated Off-Grid Market Size in 2011

Source: SMA/Navigant Consult

Sustitution of Diesel Generation Power with Renewables

Estimated costs by using diesel generator

0.30 Euros (dark brown) to 2.4 Euro

The computations have been performed

The electricity production cost calculated for a

Analysis of sensitivity: Benefits of PV Hybrid Systems

With state-of-the-art PV-system costs as well as diesel fuel prices, a

System technology depending on size, the right concept has

Suitable technological solutions for rural electrification

Modular hybrid design

Grid quality electricity

SMA Multicluster Technology

Easy set-up for hybrid systems and mini-grids

SMA Multicluster Technology

Number of Sunny Island: 12

Number of Sunny Island: 36

SMA Multicluster Technology

Approved technology for rural electrification and mini grids

SMA Multicluster Technology

Modular system configuration up to 300 kW

Hierarchy and communication links in the cluster group

Off-Grid Power Supply Isle of Eigg, Scotland

Interconnection of different Renewable Energy

System control 100

Micro-Grid: Distributed Renewable Energy Supply System

System Control over 3 parameter only

3. Battery State of Charge

Variable No 1: System Frequency

Low energy consumption

Frequency Shift Power Control

Fac-Limit delta (2Hz)

Variable No 2: Voltage vs. Reactive Power

Variable No 3: State of Charge

if renewables are not available !

Village Electrification Afghanistan

14 km medium voltage grid

between the villages

Systems deliver energy in

Source: Google Maps

cover the maintenance cost

Electrification of Schools Borneo

Source: Google Maps

avoided diesel fuel costs

Financed from the government over

South Pacific (Tahiti) Reao

Installed Multicluster Systems up to 300 kW

Conclusion and Outlook