Scripps Spelling List PDF

2014
SCHOOL PRONOUNCER GUIDE

Spelling Only Edition
CONTENTS
Merriam-Webster Pronunciation Symbols ................................................................................ 2
Guidelines Regarding Pronunciation and Language of Origin.................................................... 3
Tips for Spelling Bee Officials.......................................................................................................4
Rules for Local Spelling Bees........................................................................................................ 6
Words 1225: Words from the 2014 School Spelling Bee Study List ........................................ 11
Words 226375: Additional Words ........................................................................................... 51
Numerical Index of Spelling Words ..77
2013, Scripps National Spelling Bee

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Merriam-Webster Pronunciation Symbols

..........banana, collect
, .....humdrum
..........as in one pronunciation used by r-droppers for bird
(alternative \\)
..........two-value symbol equivalent to the unstressed variants \\,
\\, as in habit, duchess (\\ = \b, -\)
...........immediately preceding \\, \\, \\, \\, as in battle, mitten,
and in one pronunciation of cap and bells \--\, lock and
key \--\; immediately following \\, \\, \\, as in one
pronunciation of French table, prisme, titre
.........as in one pronunciation used by r-droppers for bird
(alternative \\)
........operation; stressed, as in bird as pronounced by speakers
who do not drop r; stressed and with centered period after the
\\, as in one pronunciation of burry (alternative \\) and in
one pronunciation of hurry (alternative \\); stressed and
with centered period after \r\ as in one pronunciation of
hurry (alternative \\)
..........mat, map
..........day, fade, date, aorta
..........bother, cot; most American speakers have the same vowel in
father, cart
..........father as pronounced by speakers who do not rhyme it with
bother; farther and cart as pronounced by r-droppers
........bad, bag, fan as often pronounced in an area having New
York City and Washington, D.C., on its perimeter; in an
emphatic syllable, as before a pause, often \\
.........as in some pronunciations of bag, bang, pass
........now, loud, some pronunciations of talcum
..........baby, rib
........chin, nature \()\ (actually, this sound is \\ + \\)
..........elder, undone
.........as in the usual American pronunciation of latter, ladder
..........bet, bed
, ....beat, nosebleed, evenly, sleepy
..........as in one pronunciation of evenly, sleepy, envious,
igneous (alternative \\)
........(in transcriptions of foreign words only) indicates a vowel
with the quality of e in bet but long, not the sound of ee in
sleep: en arrire \\
........as in one pronunciation of elk, helm
..........fifty, cuff
..........go, big
..........hat, ahead
.......whale as pronounced by those who do not have the same
pronunciation for both whale and wail
..........tip, one pronunciation of banish (alternative unstressed \\),
one pronunciation of habit (alternative \\; see )
..........site, side, buy (actually, this sound is \\ + \\, or \\ + \\)

........as in one pronunciation of milk, film
..........job, gem, edge, procedure \()\ (actually, this sound is
\\ + \\)
..........kin, cook, ache

..........as in one pronunciation of loch (alternative \\), as in German
ich-laut
..........lily, pool
........murmur, dim, nymph
..........no, own
..........indicates that a preceding vowel is pronounced with the nasal
passages open, as in French un bon vin blanc \\
..........sing \\, singer \()\, finger \()\, ink \\

..........bone, snow, beau; one pronunciation of glory
..........saw, all, saurian; one pronunciation of horrid
.........French buf, German Hlle
.........French feu, German Hhle
........coin, destroy, strawy, sawing
........(in transcriptions of foreign words only) indicates a vowel
with the quality of o in bone but longer, not the sound of oo

in food: comte \\
..........pepper, lip
..........rarity, one pronunciation of tar
..........source, less
........with nothing between, as in shy, mission, machine, special
(actually, this is a single sound, not two); with a stress mark
between, two sounds as in deaths-head \\
..........tie, attack; one pronunciation of latter (alternative \\)
........with nothing between, as in thin, ether (actually, this is a
single sound, not two); with a stress mark between, two
sounds as in knighthood \\
........then, either (actually, this is a single sound, not two)
..........rule, fool, youth, union \\, few \\
..........pull, wood, curable \\
........German fllen, hbsch
........French rue, German fhlen
..........vivid, give
.........we, away
..........yard, cue \\, union \\
...........(in transcriptions of foreign words only) indicates that during
articulation of the sound represented by the preceding
character the tip of the tongue has substantially the position it
has for the articulation of the first sound of yard, as in French
digne \\
........youth, union, cue, few
........curable
..........zone, raise
........with nothing between, as in vision, azure \()\ (actually,
this is a single sound, not two); with a stress mark between,
two sounds as in rosehill \\
...........mark preceding a syllable with primary (strongest) stress:
\\
...........mark preceding a syllable with secondary (next-strongest)
stress: \\
()
indicate that what is symbolized between is present in some
utterances but not in others: factory \() \
page 2
Merriam-Webster Pronunciation Symbols
Guidelines Regarding Pronunciation and Language of Origin

Pronunciation
For many words in Websters Third New International Dictionary, copyright 2002, Merriam-Webster (Websters
Third), more than one pronunciation is offered. In this school pronouncer guide, the chief pronunciation for a
word is most often the first pronunciation given in this dictionary. Occasionally, however, the Bee has chosen to
assign the dictionarys second or third pronunciation as the chief pronunciation. This decision has been made
whenever the Bee has reason to think that a certain pronunciation has become the most prevalent one since this
dictionary was first published.
Many of the variations in pronunciation listed in Websters Third are included in this publication as alternate
pronunciations and are listed in square brackets under the chief pronunciation. These alternate pronunciations
are all the variants in the dictionarys pronunciation data that differ phonemically from the chief pronunciation.
Minor phonetic variations that are described in the dictionary pages are not included here, however, such as
pronunciations that differ only in the level of stress on given syllables. In addition, this publication has not
included the voluminous treatment of r-dropping and vowel variations before /r/ such as those that are found in
certain geographical dialects of American English. Experience has shown that this information about nuances of
phonetic variation in pronunciation can be the cause for confusion for spellers and pronouncers alike.
Nevertheless, every pronunciation in Websters Third that can offer any clues about spelling is listed as an
alternate pronunciation herein. The phrase no alternate pronunciations means simply that, while the dictionary
entry may or may not contain further details about phonetic differences in different dialects, the word in question
has no other pronunciations that differ phonemically from the chief pronunciation that is provided.
Language of Origin
Information in this guide regarding language of origin is a simplification of that provided in Websters Third.
For example, Websters Third gives Old English, Middle English, and English, but we give only English.
With New Latin and International Scientific Vocabulary, however, we tend to provide information that
supplements that provided in Websters Third. Where Websters Third lists New Latin as the language of origin,
we attempt to list the origin of the roots used to form the new word. We list International Scientific Vocabulary
only when it is difficult to determine instead the languages from which the International Scientific Vocabulary
element came.
We do not always list all of the languages a word passed through before it entered modern English. Only those
languages that significantly altered the word are listed, with the earliest language listed first followed by the
subsequent language(s). We give the separate etymologies of each word element regularly used in Websters
Third, with one exception: combining form(s). Combining forms are word elements regularly used in English
or another language to make a new word, but they do not by themselves constitute words. Examples include
-ly, -ing, -ment, -en, -o-, en-, non-, etc. Page 16a of Websters Third contains more detailed information about
etymological entries.
page 3
Guidelines Regarding Pronunciation and Language of Origin
Tips for Spelling Bee Officials

1. Acquaint yourself with the organization of the 2014 School Pronouncer Guide (available in the log-in
section of spellingbee.com).
A. Words 1225:
These words were selected from the 2014 School Spelling Bee Study List for students in grades 18.
Words progress in difficulty by groups of 25 words.
B. Words 226375 (Additional Words):
These words were NOT selected from the 2014 School Spelling Bee Study List for students in grades
18. Instead, these words were selected from Websters Third New International Dictionary and its
addenda section, copyright 2002, Merriam-Webster (Websters Third).
2. Acquaint yourself with the Rules for Local Spelling Bees (available in the log-in section of
spellingbee.com and in the front section of the 2014 School Pronouncer Guide).
3. Pronouncers, please note:
Before the spelling bee gets under way, review the 2014 School Pronouncer Guide and familiarize
yourself with the correct pronunciations of the words.
One pronunciation is listed alongside each word in the 2014 School Pronouncer Guide. If the speller
requests an alternate pronunciation, consult the additional pronunciation information provided in
square brackets. Please refer to the guidelines regarding pronunciation provided on page 3 of the 2014
School Pronouncer Guide.
The 2014 School Pronouncer Guide provides language of origin information. Please refer to the
guidelines regarding language of origin on page 3. Consult your dictionary if you desire additional
information or clarity regarding a words language of origin.
Although some words can be more than one part of speech, only one part of speech per word is
provided in the 2014 School Pronouncer Guide. The part of speech provided matches that of the
definition listed and coincides with the words use in the illustrative sentence.
Several words have homonyms or near homonyms. If you think a word is a homonym and yet a
homonym is not listed, check your dictionary or skip the word. It is possible that we did not note the
fact that the word is a homonym. For the final word in handling homonyms, see the portions of Rules
5, 7, and 11 that refer to homonyms.
For spelling words, the 2014 School Pronouncer Guide provides the Websters Third page and
column location of each word, designated in parentheses after the part of speech as follows:
(Websters Third page number, column number).
page 4
4. Judges, please note:

Ensure that you are completely familiar with the Rules for Local Spelling Bees. Pay particular attention to
Rule 6 (Judges role), Rule 10 (End-of-bee procedure) and Rule 11 (Appeals).
You may customize the word list in the 2014 School Pronouncer Guide for the circumstances of your
spelling bee. You may omit words. You may place words elsewhere on the list. However, if you choose
to place words elsewhere on the list, avoid placing a School Spelling Bee Study List word (any word with
a number between 1 and 225) in the Additional Words (any word with a number greater than 225) and
vice versa.
Preserve fairness by ensuring that all spellers spelling in the same round receive words from the same
section of the 2014 School Pronouncer Guide.
Websters Third (Figure 1) is the final authority for the spelling of all words that appear on Scripps
National Spelling Bee word lists. We suggest that you have at least one copy of Websters Third on hand
at your spelling bee. If you cannot locate a copy of Websters Third in time for your spelling bee,
Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary, eleventh edition (Figure 2), copyright 2003, MerriamWebster, Inc., is the preferred alternative.
Figure 1
Figure 2
page 5
Rules for Local Spelling Bees

Preface
We encourage spellers, parents, teachers, and spelling bee officials to read these rules prior to any spelling bee.
These rules are guidelines designed to assist spelling bee officials and spellers at the local level. Spellers should check with their local
spelling bee officials for the rules in effect in their area. Spelling bee officials include the pronouncer, judges, coordinator and sponsor.
While local spelling bee officials have the prerogative to amend Rules 2 through 11, amendmentsparticularly any amendments to the
end-of-bee procedureshould be undertaken only with careful consideration of the various outcomes that may result from the
amendments.
The Scripps National Spelling Bee has no authority over the conduct of local spelling bees (namely, spelling bees other than the Scripps
National Spelling Bee near Washington, D.C.). Consequently, the national office will not render judgments relating to the conduct of local
spelling bees. Individuals bearing complaints about the conduct of local spelling bees should register their concerns with local spelling bee
officials. DECISIONS OF LOCAL SPELLING BEE OFFICIALS ARE FINAL.
These Rules for Local Spelling Bees are not the rules in effect at the Scripps National Spelling Bee near Washington, DC. When a local
spelling bee official says, We use the national rules, he or she is probably indicating that the Rules for Local Spelling Bees are in effect.
The Scripps National Spelling Bee near Washington, D.C. operates under a significantly different set of rules called the Contest Rules of
the 2014 Scripps National Spelling Bee. These rules contain provisions that are specific to unique conditions at the event near Washington,
D.C. Their successful implementation at the local level is considered impossible and therefore is not recommended.
Rules
1. Eligibility: A speller qualifying for the 2014
Scripps National Spelling Bee near Washington, D.C.
must meet these requirements:
(1) The speller must not have won a Scripps
National Spelling Bee championship near
Washington, D.C.
(2) The speller must attend a school that is
officially enrolled with the Scripps National
Spelling Bee.
(3) The speller must not have passed beyond the
eighth grade on or before February 1, 2014.
(4) The speller must not have repeated fourth,
fifth, sixth, seventh, or eighth grade for the
purpose of extending spelling bee eligibility. If
the speller has repeated fourth, fifth, sixth,
seventh, or eighth grade, the speller must notify
the Scripps National Spelling Bee of the
circumstances of grade repetition by March 31,
2014; and the Scripps National Spelling Bee
will, at its sole discretion, determine the spellers
eligibility status on or before April 30, 2014.
(5) The spelleror the spellers parent, legal

guardian, or school official acting on the
spellers behalfmust not have declared to
another entity an academic classification higher
than eighth grade for any purpose, including high
school graduation equivalency or proficiency
examinations and/or examinations such as the
PSAT, SAT, or ACT.
(6) The speller must not have earned the legal
equivalent of a high school diploma.
(7) The speller must not have completed or have
been enrolled in more than six high school-level
courses or two college-level courses on or before
April 30, 2014.
(8) The speller must not eschew normal school
activity to study for spelling bees. The Scripps
National Spelling Bee defines normal school
activity as adherence to at least four courses of
study other than language arts, spelling, Latin,
Greek, vocabulary, and etymology for at least
four hours per weekday for 34 of the 38 weeks
between August 27, 2013, and May 18, 2014.
(9) The speller must not have reached his/her
15th birthday on or before August 31, 2013.
page 6
(10) The speller must have been declared a

champion of a final local spelling bee on or after
February 1, 2014.
(11) Once having been disqualified at any level
of a sponsors spelling bee program between
June 2013 and April 2014, the speller remains
disqualified for the 2014 Scripps National
Spelling Bee and may not seek advancement in
the 2014 Scripps National Spelling Bee program
through another sponsor and/or enrollment in
another school.
(12) The speller, upon qualifying for the 2014
Scripps National Spelling Bee near Washington,
D.C., must submit a completed Champion Bio
Form, a Certification of Eligibility Form, a
signed Appearance Consent and Release Form
and a photo to the Scripps National Spelling Bee.
The speller will notify the Beeat least 24 hours
prior to the first day of competition in the 2014
Scripps National Spelling Bee in Washington,
D.C.if any of the statements made on the
Certification of Eligibility Form are no longer
true or require updating. The spellers sponsor
will provide access to the necessary forms.
(13) The speller must not have any first-, secondor third-degree relatives (i.e. sibling, parent,
grandparent, aunt, uncle, niece, nephew, halfsibling, first cousin or great grandparent) who
are current employees of The E.W. Scripps
Company.
The Scripps National Spelling Bee may
disqualify prior to or during competition any
speller who is not in compliance with any of its
eligibility requirements; and it mayat any time
between the conclusion of the 2014 Scripps
National Spelling Bee and April 30, 2015
require any speller who is found to have not been
in compliance with any of the eligibility
requirements to forfeit the prizes, rank, and other
benefits accorded to the speller as a result of
participation in the 2014 Scripps National
Spelling Bee.
2. Format: The spelling bee is conducted in rounds. Each
speller remaining in the spelling bee at the start of a round
spells one word or answers one vocabulary question in
each round except in the case of a written, multiple
choice, or online test. The spelling bee may be conducted
orally or in writing or in a manner that is a combination of
the two; however, if the spelling bee officials specify an
oral format, the speller may not demand a written format
except under the conditions of Rule 4.
3. Word list: Local spelling bee officials are responsible

for selecting the word lists for use at each local spelling
bee. Many local spelling bee officials use word lists
generated by the Scripps National Spelling Bee. These
lists include many words that appear in the current edition
of Spell It! as well as some end-of-bee words. All
words on Scripps National Spelling Bee word lists are
entries in Websters Third New International Dictionary
and its addenda section, copyright 2002, MerriamWebster, the official dictionary of the Scripps National
Spelling Bee.
4. Special needs: Spelling bee officials will strive to
provide accommodation for spellers who have physical
challenges. All requests for spelling bee officials to
accommodate special needs involving sight, hearing,
speech, or movement should be directed to spelling bee
officials well in advance of the spelling bee date. The
judges have discretionary power to amend oral and/or
written spelling requirements on a case-by-case basis for
spellers with diagnosed medical conditions involving
sight, hearing, speech, or movement.
5. Pronouncers role: The pronouncer strives to
pronounce words according to the diacritical markings in
Scripps National Spelling Bee word lists.
In Oral Spelling Rounds:
Homonyms: If a word has one or more
homonyms, the pronouncer indicates which word
is to be spelled by defining the word.
Spellers requests: The pronouncer responds to
the spellers requests for a definition, sentence,
part of speech, language(s) of origin, and
alternate pronunciation(s). When presented with
requests for alternate pronunciations, the
pronouncer or an aide to the pronouncer checks
for alternate pronunciations in either Websters
Third New International Dictionary and its
addenda section, copyright 2002, MerriamWebster or Merriam-Websters Collegiate
Dictionary, eleventh edition. The pronouncer
does not entertain root word questions, requests
for alternate definitions, or requests for markedly
slower pronunciation.
Pronouncers sense of helpfulness: The
pronouncer may offer word information
without the speller having requested the
informationif the pronouncer senses that the
information is helpful and the information is
presented in the entry for the word in a 2014
Scripps National Spelling Bee word list.
page 7
In Oral Vocabulary Rounds:

Procedure: The pronouncer reads aloud the
vocabulary question and both options (A) and
(B), but does not indicate which is correct.
Homonyms: If a word has one or more
homonyms, the pronouncer indicates which word
is in question by spelling the word aloud.
Spellers requests: The pronouncer responds to
the spellers requests for the question and/or
answer options to be repeated. The pronouncer
may also provide the spelling of the word in
question.
6. Judges role: The judges uphold the rules and
determine whether or not words are spelled correctly or
vocabulary items are answered correctly. They also render
final decisions on appeals in accordance with Rule 11.
They are in complete control of the competition and their
decision is final on all questions.
Interaction with the speller: Because seeing the
spellers lip movements may be critical in
detecting misunderstandings or misspellings, the
judges encourage spellers to face them when
pronouncing and spelling the word.
Notice of rules: The judges ensure that all
spellers and audience members are given an
opportunity to receive a complete copy of the
rules prior to the start of the spelling bee.
Misunderstandings: The judges participate in the
exchange of information between the speller and
pronouncer if they feel that clarification is
needed. Also, the judges listen carefully to the
spellers pronunciation of the word; and, if they
sense that the speller has misunderstood the
word, the judges work with the speller and
pronouncer until they are satisfied that
reasonable attempts have been made to assist the
speller in understanding the word. While the
judges are responsible for attempting to detect a
spellers misunderstanding, it is sometimes
impossible to detect a misunderstanding until an
error has been made. The judges are not
responsible for the spellers misunderstanding.
Pronouncer errors: The judges compare the
pronouncers pronunciation with the diacritical
markings in the word list. If the judges feel that
the pronouncers pronunciation does not match
the pronunciation specified in the diacritical
markings, the judges direct the pronouncer to
correct the error as soon as it is detected.
Disqualifications for reasons other than error:

The judges will disqualify a speller (1) who
refuses a request to start spelling or to provide an
answer to a vocabulary question; (2) who does
not approach the microphone when it is time to
receive the word or question; (3) who does not
comply with the eligibility requirements; (4) who
engages in unsportsmanlike conduct; (5) who, in
the process of retracing a spelling, alters the
letters or sequence of letters from those first
uttered; (6) who, in the process of spelling, utters
unintelligible or nonsense sounds; or (7) who, in
the process of providing an answer in an oral
vocabulary round, provides a blend of correct
and incorrect information (For example: If in
answering the question, What is porridge made
from? A. fur, or B. grain, the speller provides as
an answer either: A. grain or B. fur.).
Speller activities that do not merit
disqualification: The judges may not disqualify a
speller (1) for failing to pronounce the word
either before or after spelling it, (2) for asking a
question, or (3) for noting or failing to note the
capitalization of a word, the presence of a
diacritical mark, the presence of a hyphen or
other form of punctuation, or spacing between
words in an open compound.
7. Spellers role: In a spelling round, the speller
makes an effort to face the judges and pronounce the
word for the judges before spelling it and after
spelling it. The speller while facing the judges makes
an effort to utter each letter distinctly and with
sufficient volume to be understood by the judges. The
speller may ask the pronouncer to say the word again,
define it, use it in a sentence, provide the part of
speech, provide the language(s) of origin, and/or
provide an alternate pronunciation or pronunciations.
Misunderstandings: The speller is responsible for
any misunderstanding of the word unless (1) the
pronouncer never provided a correct
pronunciation; (2) the pronouncer provided
incorrect information regarding the definition,
part of speech, or language of origin; or (3) the
speller correctly spelled a homonym of the word
and the pronouncer failed to either offer a
definition or distinguish the homonyms.
In an oral vocabulary round, a speller may
answer the question by providing (1) the letter
associated with the chosen answer, (2) the
chosen answer or (3) both. If the correct answer
is identified by (1) associated letter alone or (2)
by answer alone or (3) by both correct letter and
correct answer, the speller is correct.
page 8
For example: If the speller is offered the

question, What is porridge made from? A. fur,
or B. grain, each of the following methods of
answering is correct: B, grain, or B. grain.
8. Correction of a misspelling: The pronouncer and
judges will not ask the speller to correct another spellers
misspelling, even in end-of-bee circumstances.
9. Errors: Upon providing an incorrect spelling of a word
or an incorrect answer to a vocabulary question, the
speller immediately drops out of the competition, except
as provided in Rule 10.
10. End-of-bee procedure:
If all spellers in a round misspell or answer
vocabulary questions incorrectly: If none of the
spellers remaining in the spelling bee at the start
of a round spells a word correctly or answers a
vocabulary question correctly during that round,
all remain in the competition and a new spelling
round begins.
Ties: All spellers eliminated in the same round
are tied for the same place. After the champion
has been determined, spelling bee officials may
opt to conduct tiebreakers (of their own design)
if tiebreakers are necessary for the awarding of
prizes or the determination of qualifying spellers
for the next level of competition.
If only one speller in a round spells correctly or
answers a vocabulary question correctly:
If only one speller spells correctly in a round, a
new one-word spelling round begins and the
speller is given an opportunity to spell a word on
the list (anticipated championship word). If the
speller succeeds in correctly spelling the
anticipated championship word in this one-word
round, the speller is declared the champion.
Example: In Round 12 there are four spellers.
Spellers 6 and 21 misspell. Speller 30 spells
correctly. Speller 42 misspells. So, Speller 30 is
the only speller in the round to spell correctly.
Speller 30 begins Round 13a one-word
roundand is offered the anticipated
championship word. Speller 30 correctly spells
the anticipated championship word and is
declared champion.
Example: Two spellers spell in Round 10.
Speller 14 misspells. Speller 25 spells correctly.
Speller 25 begins Round 11a one-word
roundand is offered the anticipated
championship word. Speller 25 correctly spells
the anticipated championship word and is
declared champion.
Example: Two spellers spell in Round 16.

Speller 3 spells correctly. Speller 9 misspells.
Speller 3 begins Round 17a one-word round
and is offered the anticipated championship
word. Speller 3 correctly spells the anticipated
championship word and is declared champion.
VERY IMPORTANT: If a speller misspells the
anticipated championship word in a one-word
round: A new spelling round begins with ALL
the spellers who participated in the previous
round. These spellers spell in their original order.
Example: In Round 8 there are three spellers.
Speller 12 spells correctly and Spellers 23 and 37
misspell. Round 9a one-word roundbegins,
and Speller 12 is offered the anticipated
championship word. Speller 12 misspells the
anticipated championship word. Round 10
begins and includes Spellers 12, 23, and 37. The
rules prescribe that spellers 12, 23, and 37 spell
in their original order; so Speller 12 gets the next
word on the list even though Speller 12
misspelled the previous word on the list. Round
10 is not complete until all three spellers have
spelled.
Tip: Spelling bee officials may find it helpful to
designate a record keeper or judge to track the
progress of spellers throughout the rounds. The
record keepers information will be helpful in
preventing end-of-bee confusion.
11. Appeals: The spellers parent(s), legal guardian, or
teacher may appeal to the judges for the spellers
reinstatement provided that the appeal is in compliance
with the appeal protocol. The judges render a final
decision on the appeal in accordance with the
reinstatement protocol.
Appeal protocol
A written appeal must be hand delivered to the
designated official (usually the spelling bee
coordinator/director). The deadline for delivering
an appeal is before the speller affected would
have received his/her next word had he/she
stayed in the spelling bee; however, to minimize
disruptions to the spelling bee, every effort
should be made to deliver an appeal by the end
of the round in which the speller was eliminated.
When five or fewer spellers remain, the written
appeal requirement is suspended, and an oral
appeal must be made before the speller would
have received his/her next word had he/she
stayed in the spelling bee. A written appeal must
provide the spellers name, the word in question,
and the reason the speller should be reinstated.
page 9
While the competition is in session, individuals

who have filed appeals may not directly
approach the judges unless explicit permission to
approach the judges has been given. The judges
will contact the speller if they decide to reinstate
the speller. To minimize disruption to the pace of
the spelling bee and the concentration of the
spellers, the judges are under no obligation to
stop the spelling bee in order to discuss with the
spellers parent(s), legal guardian, or teacher a
denied appeal. The judges decisions are final
and are subject neither to review nor to reversal
by the Scripps National Spelling Bees
headquarters office.
Reinstatement protocol
Pronouncer mispronunciation: An appeal
claiming that a spellers elimination from the
spelling bee was due to pronunciation error
should be denied unless there is agreement that
the pronouncer never offered a correct
pronunciation.
Alternate pronunciations: An appeal claiming
that the pronouncer did not offer alternate
pronunciations should be denied unless it is
determined that the speller requested alternate
pronunciations and the pronouncer did not
accommodate the spellers request for alternate
pronunciations and it appears that the spellers
spelling almost matches the correct spelling.
Spellers misunderstanding: An appeal claiming
that the spellers elimination from the spelling
bee was due to the spellers not understanding
the word [its pronunciation(s) and/or other
information about the word] should be denied. It
is the spellers responsibility to understand the
word.
Speller offered correct spelling for a word in this
guide: An appeal claiming that the speller
correctly spelled the word should be denied
unless an audio recording of the bees
proceedings or bee officials recollections clearly
indicate that the word was indeed spelled
correctly.
Exception: If the spellers spelling is listed in
Websters Third New International Dictionary
and its addenda section, Merriam-Webster,
copyright 2002, the speller should be reinstated
if all of the following three criteria are met:
(1) The pronunciations of the words are

identical, (2) the definitions of the words are
identical, and (3) the words are clearly identified
as being standard variants of each other.
Spellings at other locations having temporal
labels (such as archaic, obsolete), stylistic labels
(such as substand, nonstand), or regional labels
(such as North, Midland, Irish) which differ
from main entry spellings not having these status
labels will not be accepted as correct.
Speller offered correct spelling, as indicated in a
dictionary other than Websters Third: An appeal
claiming that the speller spelled the word
correctly according to a dictionary other than
Websters Third New International Dictionary
and its addenda section, copyright 2002,
Merriam-Webster, should be denied.
Homonym in a spelling round: An appeal
claiming that the spellers elimination was unfair
because the spellers word is a homonym should
be denied unless the pronouncer failed to define
the word and the speller correctly spelled a
homonym of the word.
Homonym in an oral vocabulary round: An
appeal claiming that the spellers elimination
was unfair because the spellers word is a
homonym should be denied unless the
pronouncer failed to spell the word and the
speller identified an answer matching the
definition of a homonym of the word.
Incorrect or unsolicited information: An appeal
claiming that the spellers elimination was unfair
because the pronouncer offered incorrect or
unsolicited information about the word should be
denied unless it is determined that the
pronouncer indeed gave factually incorrect
information and it appears that the spellers
spelling would have been correct if not for the
incorrect or unsolicited information provided by
the pronouncer.
Bee officials failed to correct a
misunderstanding: An appeal claiming that the
speller misspelled or incorrectly answered
because the judges and/or pronouncer failed to
correct the spellers mispronunciation of the
word should be denied. It is sometimes
impossible to detect a spellers mispronunciation
or misunderstanding, and ultimately it is the
responsibility of the speller to understand and
correctly pronounce the word.
Disqualification request: An appeal seeking to
dislodge another speller from the spelling bee
should be denied.
page 10
Words 1225 are School Spelling Bee Study List Words

Before starting your bee, inform the spellers of your end-of-bee procedure. If you are using the
Rules for Local Spelling Bees, refer to Rule 10. Failure to inform the spellers of how
you will end your bee may result in complications at the end of the bee.
If a word has a homonym or near homonym, the words homonym status is probably noted
at the words entry in this guide. We encourage you to include these words in your bee,
provided you indicate the words homonym or near homonym status to the speller.
If you think a word is a homonym and yet a homonym is not listed, please check Websters
Third New International Dictionary for further information or skip the word. It is possible
that we did not note the fact that the word is a homonym. For the final word in handling
homonyms, see the portions of Rules 5, 7, and 11 that refer to homonyms.
1.
rug
\ \
This word is of Scandinavian origin.

noun (Websters Third page 1986, column 1)
a piece of thick heavy fabric that is used as a floor covering
and is not intended to cover an entire floor.
Helga bought a new rug to place beneath the dining room
table.
2.
Say to the speller This word has a homonym. Next, say the word. Next, provide the words part of speech and
definition. Next, answer spellers questions, if any, about the word.
jam
\ \
This word is probably imitative in origin.

[Has homonym: jamb.]
a product made by boiling fruit and sugar to a thick
consistency without preserving the shape of the fruit.
Aubrey's favorite treat was raspberry jam on toast.
3.
add
\ \
This word came from Latin into English.

verb (Websters Third page 24, column 1)
[Has homonym: ad.]
to combine two or more numbers into one sum.
Ms. McMain had her students add six numbers together and
then divide the sum by four.
4.
shy
\ \
This word is originally English.

adjective (Websters Third page 2109, column 3)
easily frightened : skittish, timid.
Not wanting to frighten the shy kitten, Georges moved slowly
toward her.
page 1
5.
eel
This word is originally from English.
\ \
[ \ \ ]

any of numerous snakelike fishes that have a smooth slimy
skin often without scales.
Most eel species live in shallow ocean waters.
6.
tape
\ \

a narrow strip of natural or artificial fibers coated on one side
with an adhesive mixture and used for many purposes.
Adhesive tape is commonly used in wound care.
7.
hope
\ \

to desire with expectation or with belief.
Alexia dared to hope that her parents would let her go to
summer camp this year.
8.
Say to the speller This word could be confused with a similar word. Next, say the word. Next, provide the words part
of speech and definition. Next, answer spellers questions, if any, about the word.
cork
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word probably went from Latin through Arabic before

becoming English.
[Could be confused with quark.]
the outer tissues of the stem of the cork oak that is used
commercially for cork stoppers and insulation.
Missy's parents popped the cork in the sparkling apple cider to
celebrate her excellent report card.
9.
mask
\ \
This word went from Latin to Italian to French before

becoming English.
[Has homonym: masque.]
a cover or partial cover for the face usually made of cloth with
openings for the eyes.
Danny wore a skeleton mask for Halloween.
10.
July
This word is from a Latin name that came into English.
\ \
[ \ \ ]

the seventh month of the year.
Mikaela's family sets off fireworks every Fourth of July.
page 2
11.
acorn
\ \
[ \ \ ]

the nut of the oak tree usually seated in or surrounded by a
hard woody cup-shaped structure.
Trina found it hard to believe that something as small as an
acorn could grow into something as large as an oak tree.
12.
silly
\ \

lacking importance or serious meaning : trivial, trifling,
frivolous.
Ella thought recess was a silly waste of time.
13.
lace
\ \
This word went from Latin to French before becoming

English.
a fine fabric with a ground of net on which patterns may be
worked and which is made of thread by looping, twisting, or
knotting.
Gina's wedding gown was made of antique lace.
14.
globe
This word went from Latin to French.
\ \

a round ball that has a map of the earth drawn on it and that is
usually set so as to be rotatable at an angle corresponding to
the inclination of the earth's axis.
Ericson found Mozambique on his classroom globe.
15.
never
This word is from English.
\ \
adverb (Websters Third page 1522, column 2)

not ever : at no time.
Miles was sad to realize that he would never see a living dodo
bird.
16.
count
\ \

English.
to separate one by one to find the total number of units :
number or tally.
There are too many stars in the sky to count them all.
17.
always
\ \
[ \ \ ]

on every occasion : at all times.
Noah always eats cereal for breakfast.
page 3
18.
moose
This word is from Algonquian.
\ \

[Has homonym: mousse.]
a large mammal that inhabits forested parts of Canada and the
northern United States, stands about seven feet high at the
shoulders and has long legs, a short tail, a large head and
antlers with many points.
The campers hoped they might spy a moose while in the
Alaskan wilderness.
19.
thank
\ \
[ \ \ ]

to express gratitude to.
Felicia wrote notes to thank everyone for her birthday
presents.
20.
grass
\ \

green herbage that affords food for grazing animals and that
usually consists predominantly of narrow-leaved plants often
intermixed with herbs.
Tianna uses a tractor to cut the grass in the summer.
21.
tower
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word went from Greek to Latin to French before

becoming English.
a building or structure designed primarily for elevation that is
higher than its diameter and high relative to its surroundings.
The prince climbed to the highest room in the tallest tower to
rescue the princess.
22.
pillow
\ \
[ \ \ ]

a sack made typically of cloth and filled with a soft material
used to support the head of a person resting or sleeping.
Muriel hugs her pillow while she sleeps.
23.
myself
\ \
[ \ \ ]
pron (Websters Third page 1496, column 3)

that identical one that is I.
To study spelling, I repeat words out loud to myself.
page 4
24.
number
\ \

English.
an arithmetical total : sum of the units involved.
There was a large number of students in the hall between
classes.
25.
snowflake
\ \
This word consists of an English part plus a part that came

from Norse to English.
a small mass of ice crystals.
Megan tried to catch a falling snowflake on her tongue.
26.
wee
\ \

[Has homonyms: we, whee.]
very small.
Not quite full from dinner, Mildred asked for a wee bit more
soup.
27.
link
\ \
This word was formed in English from a word of Scandinavian

origin.
to connect by or as if by a connecting element.
The bridge served to link the island with the mainland.
28.
icon
\ \
[
\ \ ]
This word went from Greek to Latin.

noun (Websters Third page 1121, column 2 and page 97a,
column 2)
[Other meanings have variant spellings ikon, eikon.]
a graphic symbol on a computer display screen that usually
suggests the type of object represented or the purpose of an
available function.
Ren double-clicked on the card icon on his desktop to open his
game of solitaire.
page 5
29.
brew
\ \

[Has homonym: broo.]
to prepare (as a drink or other liquid) by infusion especially in
hot water.
Mary Grace decided to brew some tea to help soothe her sore
throat.
30.
crane
\ \

any of a small group of tall wading birds resembling the herons
but more closely related to the rails.
The Gladstones saw a large red-legged crane with black and
white wings.
31.
given
\ \
This word is originally Scandinavian in origin.

conferred the ownership of without receiving a return : made a
present of.
Ariel was happy that her old toys were given to charity.
32.
pulp
\ \
This word went from Latin to French.

the soft succulent part of fruit.
Farrah preferred her orange juice with extra pulp.
33.
Say to the speller This word has a near-homonym. Next, say the word. Next, provide the words part of speech and
alarm
\ \
Originally from Latin, this word went from Italian to French

before becoming English.
[Has near homonym: similarly pronounced variant alarum.]
a device that warns or signals by means of a noise (as a bell or
siren) or visual effect (as a flashing light).
The burglar fled when he set off the alarm.
page 6
34.
tenth
\ \

[Has near-homonym: tense.]
being one more than nine in number in a countable series.
On the first day of summer camp, Jen was excited; by the tenth
she was ready to go home.
35.
olive
\ \
This word is from a word of probably non-Indo-European

origin that went to Greek, then to Latin, then French before it
became English.
the fruit of the tree of the same name that is eaten either when
unripe and green or when bluish black and ripe and that yields
a valuable oil.
Abi garnished her tomato juice with a green olive.
36.
hobby
\ \
This word is perhaps from an English nickname.

any favorite pursuit or interest.
Darla took up coin collecting as a hobby.
37.
drink
\ \

any particular natural or prepared usually agreeable liquid for
swallowing : beverage, potable, brew.
Azra's favorite carbonated drink is ginger ale.
38.
shark
\ \
This word is of unknown origin.

any of numerous fishes that are usually of medium or large
size including the largest existing fishes, that may be active,
voracious, and rapacious predators or sluggish bottom dwellers
feeding chiefly on mollusks.
Vivian was terrified of shark attacks for weeks after watching
the movie Jaws.
39.
flavor
\ \
This word probably went from Latin to French before

becoming English.
the blend of taste and smell sensations evoked by a substance
(as a portion of food or drink) in the mouth.
Lemons have a sour flavor.
page 7
40.
shout
\ \

to speak in a loud voice.
Jordan had to shout to be heard over the crowd.
41.
broken
\ \

violently separated into parts : in fragments : shattered.
Omar swept up the pieces of the broken saltshaker.
42.
joyful
\ \
The first part of this word is from an originally Latin word that
went through French to English, and the second part is an
English combining form.
experiencing pleasure or delight : happy.
Joyful people are said to live longer.
43.
limited
\ \
[ \ \ ]

English.
restricted in extent, number or duration.
A limited number of seats are available for the play-off game.
44.
soggy
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word is from a word of unknown origin plus an English

combining form.
saturated or heavy with water or moisture : waterlogged,
soaked.
Joey ate his cereal quickly before it became soggy.
45.
father
\ \

a male parent.
Lars wants to be just like his father when he grows up.
46.
bedtime
\ \
This word consists of two originally English parts.

the period set apart to settle for sleeping.
Katja's grandma always lets her stay up past her normal
bedtime.
page 8
47.
partner
This word is an English alteration of an Anglo-French word.
\ \

one that is associated in any action with another : associate,
colleague.
As part the assignment, each student had a partner to work
with.
48.
second
\ \
[ \ \ ]

English.
next to the first in place or time.
Habib volunteered to give his speech to the class second, after
Anthony.
49.
yellow
\ \
[ \ \ ]

a color whose hue resembles that of ripe lemons or sunflowers
or is that of the portion of the spectrum lying between green
and orange.
In her picture, Glinda colored the sun a bright yellow.
50.
respect
This word came to English from Latin.
\ \
[ \ \ ]

high or special regard : esteem.
Thomas has great respect for his grandpa's opinions.
The speller should not be disqualified based upon noting or failing to note punctuation or
spacing within the following word. The speller should be judged based upon uttering the
correct sequence of letters in the correct order.
51.
don't
\ \
This word is a contraction of two originally English words.

a command or entreaty not to do something : prohibition.
For those who suffer from diabetes, sugary food is a definite
don't.
52.
urban
\ \
This word is from Latin.

of, relating to, characteristic of, or taking place in a city.
Zelda dreamed of moving away from her parents' farm and
embracing the urban life in New York City.
page 9
53.
award
This word came from French to English.
\ \
[ \ \ ]

something that is conferred or bestowed upon a person : grant.
Mr. Parker was thrilled to have won such a major award.
54.
deaf
\ \

lacking or deprived of the sense of hearing either wholly or in
part.
Tina, who is fluent in American Sign Language, is an
interpreter for people who are deaf or hard of hearing.
55.
ivory
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word is from an originally Hamitic word that went

through Latin and French before becoming English.
of a creamy white color.
The ivory sweater that Karen purchased qualifies as "winter
white."
56.
selfish
\ \

seeking or concentrating on one's own advantage, pleasure, or
well-being without regard for others.
Mitch's mother told him not sharing his toys with his little
brother was selfish behavior.
57.
pouch
\ \
This word is from an originally Germanic word that went

through French before becoming English.
a sack or satchel of moderate size for storing or transporting
goods.
Igor laid his coin pouch on the table as he entered the room.
58.
well-off
\ \
[ \ \ ]

having more than adequate material and especially financial
resources : prosperous.
Hayden would not describe himself as well-off, but he always
seemed to make enough money to survive.
page 0
59.
honor
\ \

English.
outward respect or admiration : recognition, deference.
Demitri attended a dinner in honor of the retiring principal.
60.
barge
\ \

English.
a roomy usually flat-bottomed boat used principally in harbors
or inland waterways for the transport of goods and sometimes
passengers and usually propelled by towing.
Loaded with coal, the barge moved slowly down river.
61.
saying
\ \
[ \ \ ]

a commonly repeated statement : adage, proverb.
Hilda often wondered about the origin of the saying "don't
throw the baby out with the bathwater."
62.
actress
\ \
This word consists of part that came from Latin to English plus
an English combining form.
a female theatrical performer.
Keira wants to become an actress and has played small parts
in several plays.
63.
really
\ \
[ \ \ ]

in actual fact : actually.
Aya was angry and didn't really mean what she said.
64.
energy
\ \

the capacity of acting, operating, or producing an effect :
inherent power.
Sue claimed that you lose energy as you get older.
page 1
65.
royal
\ \
[ \ \ ]

English.
[Has near homonym: roil.]
of, relating to, owned by, or subject to the jurisdiction of the
crown.
The prince and his bride honeymooned on the royal yacht.
66.
market
\ \

English.
a public place where people meet together at a stated time and
place for the purpose of traffic (as in cattle, provisions, or
wares) by private purchase and sale.
Santana loved going to the flea market with her grandpa.
67.
pastel
\ \
This word is from a Latin word that went through Italian to

French.
pale and light in color : lacking in brilliance or intensity.
Mrs. Cooper selected bold rather than pastel colors for her
new baby's bedroom decor.
68.
scarecrow
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word consists of a part that came from Old Norse to

English plus an originally English part.
an object typically suggesting a human figure set up to frighten
birds away from crops.
Talia jumped at the sight of a rumpled old scarecrow on the
floor of the deserted barn.
69.
bucket
\ \
This word is originally English and went through AngloFrench.

a typically round and wooden vessel for drawing up water
from a well.
Georgie let Liza know that there was a hole in the water
bucket.
page 2
70.
lesson
\ \

English.
[Has homonym: lessen.]
a period of formal instruction devoted to a single subject.
Dora hurried so as not to be late for her piano lesson.
71.
chalk
\ \

[Has near homonym: chock.]
the prepared form (as for filler or for marking or drawing
purposes) of a soft friable limestone of marine origin earthy in
texture and white, gray, or buff in color.
Bart picked up the chalk and solved the math problem Mrs.
Applewhite had written on the board.
72.
birthday
\ \
This word consists of a part that went from Old Norse to

an anniversary of being born.
Gloria's dad always baked her favorite cake on her birthday.
73.
inched
\ \
This word is from a word that went from Latin to English.

moved slowly or in little increments.
Melinda inched quietly toward the door so as not wake her
sleeping baby brother.
74.
comma
\ \

a punctuation mark, used especially as a mark of separation
within the sentence generally indicating a slight pause.
An introductory subordinate clause should be set off with a
comma.
page 3
75.
princely
\ \
Originally Latin, this word went through French before

becoming English.
resembling or having the characteristics of a male member of a
royal family : stately, noble.
Mr. Townsend's generous donation to the hospital was cheered
as a princely gesture.
At the end of your round, would you like to include a round of oral vocabulary questions in
your competition? Turn to page 77 to begin a basic vocabulary round, page 81 to begin an
intermediate vocabulary round, or page 84 to begin an advanced vocabulary round. Prior
to beginning a vocabulary round, note the spelling word last offered so that you may return to
the next spelling word on the list when you conclude the vocabulary round.
76.
bebop
This word is imitative.
\ \

jazz characterized by rhythmic harmonic complexity and
innovation, and usually fast tempos and loud bravura
execution.
With the focus on improvisation, bebop allowed for an
explosion of innovation.
77.
frump
\ \
This word is perhaps from a word that went from Dutch to

English.
a drab, old-fashioned person.
Mr. Collins was a frump who was always talking about "the
good old days."
78.
publish
\ \
This word is an English modification of a word that went from

Latin to French.
to release a product of creative work for public distribution or
sale usually with the consent of the copyright holder.
Eustace decided that if no one would publish her first novel,
she would do it herself.
79.
mortal
This word came from Latin through French into English.
\ \
[ \ \ ]

destructive to life : causing or capable of causing death.
The diver's cage would protect him from receiving a mortal
wound from a shark.
page 24
80.
aren't
This word is a contraction of two originally English words.
\ \
[ \ \ ]

to not have a meaning that includes or implies the meaning of.
Peanuts aren't actually nuts.
81.
software
\ \
[ \ \ ]

noun (Websters Third page 130a, column 3)
the entire set of programs, procedures, and related
documentation associated with a system and especially a
computer system; specifically : computer programs.
To protect her computer, Julia installed the latest anti-virus
software.
82.
confess
\ \
This word is from a Latin word that became French and then
English.
to tell of or make known something private or hidden : admit,
acknowledge.
Sanjay reluctantly had to confess to his parents that he
received a low grade on his math test.
83.
empower
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word consists of an English combining form plus a part

that went from Latin to French before becoming English.
give abilities to : enable.
Mr. Hartman believes that a good education will empower his
students to become successful adults.
84.
infant
\ \

English.
a child in the first year of life : baby.
Mac felt awkward with his baby brother until his mom showed
him how to properly hold an infant.
page 5
85.
possible
\ \

English.
falling within the bounds of what may be done, occur, be
conceived, or be attained within the framework of nature,
custom or manners.
Jacoby didn't think it was possible for someone to be so lucky
as to win the lottery twice.
86.
shortfall
\ \
[ \ \ ]

deficit, shortage.
The city government faced a budget shortfall of around 3
million dollars.
87.
payment
\ \

something given to discharge a debt or obligation or to fulfill a
promise.
Marjorie bought pizza for all her friends as payment for
helping her move into her new apartment.
88.
motion
This word came from Latin through French to English.
\ \

an act or instance of moving the body or any of its members :
gesture.
The dancer's every motion was graceful and precise.
89.
arrow
\ \
[ \ \ ]

a weapon shot from a bow that consists of a straight slender
shaft with a point or sharp head and feathers or vanes fastened
near the end.
After weeks of practice, Dodie finally managed to get her
arrow to hit the bull's-eye.
90.
insight
\ \

[Has homonym: incite.]
clear and immediate understanding.
According to popular legend, Isaac Newton was granted
sudden insight into the laws of gravity when an apple fell on
his head.
page 6
91.
million
\ \
Originally Latin, this word passed through Italian and French

a very large or indefinitely great number.
Danae felt like she had a million things to do before the
semester ended.
92.
thawed
\ \

became free of stiffness, hardness, numbness, ice or other
effect of cold as a result of being warmed.
Marcus waited until the meat thawed before grilling it.
93.
piracy
\ \
This word is from an originally Greek word that passed into

Latin.
robbery on the high seas.
Charged with piracy, Blackbeard was hunted down by
government warships.
94.
cowlick
This word is made up of two originally English parts.
\ \

a lock or tuft of hair growing in a different direction from the
rest of the hair and usually turned up or awry.
Without a lot of hair gel and coaxing, Queenie's cowlick
caused her bangs to stick straight up.
The following word has two correct spellings. Either one of the two spellings listed below
should be accepted as correct; the speller only needs to provide one correct spelling.
95.
theater or
theatre
\ \
[ \ \ ]
Originally Greek, this word went from Latin through French

a building for dramatic performances usually including a stage
and with dressing rooms for actors and an auditorium :
playhouse.
The theater was so large that Erwin had a hard time finding
his seat before the play began.
96.
alpha
\ \
Originally a Hebrew-related Phoenician word, this word went

through Greek and Latin before becoming English.
socially dominant especially in a group of animals.
In social animals, the alpha animal is the individual in the
community with the highest rank.
page 7
97.
scorpion
\ \
Originally Greek, this word went from Latin to French before

becoming English.
any of numerous arachnids of warm and tropical regions with
an elongated body with a segmented tail with a venomous sting
at the tip.
The scorpion has been on Earth a long time and is among the
first animals to have adapted to land.
98.
lumberjack
\ \
The first part of this word is perhaps an alteration of an

originally Latin word that went through Italian and French to
English, and the second part is originally English.
one who is engaged in the action or business of logging.
Paul Bunyan is a legendary, giant lumberjack, who is said to
have been able to cut down 25 trees with a single swing.
99.
ledge
\ \

a narrow shelf forming the top or projecting from the side of a
wall or other vertical structure.
Parker's mother grows parsley and rosemary on a sunny ledge
in the kitchen.
100.
Tuesday
\ \
[ \ \ ]

the day following Monday.
Celia took art lessons every Tuesday after school.
101.
podium
\ \

a raised platform or pedestal : dais.
Shawn's biggest dream was to stand on the Olympic podium
and receive her gold medal.
102.
legacy
\ \

becoming English.
something coming from the past (as from an age, event, or
policy).
Tim worked hard to maintain his family's legacy of charity.
page 28
103.
joust
\ \

becoming English.
[Has differently pronounced variant: just.]
to fight on horseback as a knight or man-at-arms.
The eager young knights would joust until both they and their
horses were exhausted.
104.
domain
\ \
[ \ \ ]

English.
noun (Websters Third page 670, column 3, 81a, column 3)
[Has near homonym: demesne.]
a large subdivision of the Internet consisting of computers or
sites with a common purpose or a common geographic location
and denoted in Internet addresses by an abbreviation.
"Dot com" is an extremely common domain on the Internet.
105.
premium
\ \

commanding a higher than usual price especially because of
superior quality.
Jose didn't mind paying a little more on his cable bill for the
commercial-free premium channels.
106.
basically
\ \
[ \ \ ]

Latin and then French before becoming English, plus an
fundamentally, essentially.
Alistair preferred to believe that all people are basically the
same on the inside.
107.
awash
This word consists of two originally English elements.
\ \
[ \ \ ]

marked by an abundance : full, overflowing.
The amusement park was awash with children on the beautiful
summer day.
page 29
108.
entrance
\ \
This word went from French to English.

[Has homonym: entrants.]
the means or place for physical entering (as a door, gate, or
passage).
The entrance to the secret garden was so covered in ivy it was
almost impossible to find.
109.
logical
\ \

that is in accordance with inferences reasonably drawn from
preceding or surrounding or predictable facts or events or
circumstances.
Kendall looked from the broken vase on the floor to the angry
face of her father and reached the logical conclusion that she
was grounded.
110.
moviegoer
\ \
This word is from a part that went from Latin to French to

one that goes to see motion pictures especially frequently.
An avid moviegoer, Roger wanted to be a film critic when he
grew up.
111.
gorgon
\ \
This word went from Greek to Latin before becoming English.

one resembling one of three sisters in Greek mythology having
snake-entwined hair and glaring eyes capable of turning the
beholder to stone.
Fred was convinced that the school librarian, Mrs. Pince, was
a terrifying gorgon who, like Medusa, turned children who
talked in the library to stone.
112.
stubble
\ \

becoming English.
a short growth of beard.
The unusual appearance of stubble on Bob's face must mean
he's trying to grow a beard.
page 30
113.
introverted
\ \

marked by a habitual tendency toward being predominantly
concerned with one's own thoughts and feelings.
Rebecca's introverted personality made it hard for her to meet
people.
114.
enviable
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word consists of a part that went from Latin to French to

English plus an English combining form.
highly desirable.
Babette's ability to spell on stage under pressure was enviable.
115.
merge
\ \

to cause to combine or unite.
The owners have plans to merge their smaller companies into
one large one.
116.
Halloween or
Hallowe'en
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word is short for an English phrase.

the evening of October 31 which is often devoted by young
people to merrymaking and playing pranks sometimes
involving petty damage to property.
Unable to decide between dressing up as Batman or Superman
for Halloween, Lucas eventually decided to wear both
costumes and call himself "Super Bat."
117.
science
\ \
Originally Latin, this word passed through French before

becoming English.
a branch or department of systematized knowledge that is or
can be made a specific object of study.
Petra's favorite branch of science is chemistry.
page 31
118.
taught
\ \

[Has homonym and near homonyms: taut, taunt, tot.]
caused to know how to do something : showed how.
Bryce's cousin taught him how to juggle.
119.
quaver
\ \

to utter sound in tremulous uncertain tones.
Zara tried not to let her voice quaver as she gave a
presentation to the whole class.
120.
wren
\ \

any of numerous small more or less brown singing birds.
A wren came to the bird feeder outside the living room
window.
121.
lawyer
This word is made up of two originally English parts.
\ \
[ \ \ ]

one whose profession is to conduct lawsuits for clients or to
advise as to the prosecution or defense of lawsuits or as to
legal rights and obligations in other matters.
Trish's parents thought that her hiring a lawyer to negotiate
bedtimes with them was a little much.
122.
bassoon
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word is from a Latin word that became Italian and then
French.
a tenor or bass double-reed woodwind instrument having a
long doubled conical wooden body connected to the
mouthpiece by a thin metal tube.
Kirk plays bassoon in the college symphony.
123.
trifle
\ \
This word went from French to English.

an insignificant or relatively small amount (as of money).
Though the bracelet from her grandmother was worth only a
trifle, Morgan treasured it always.
page 32
124.
permission
\ \
This word went from Latin to French to English.

formal consent : authorization.
Before he could go on the field trip, Cy had to get permission
from his parents.
125.
carriage
\ \
[ \ \ ]

a horse-drawn vehicle designed for private use and for comfort
or elegance.
Cinderella's carriage was a pumpkin that her fairy godmother
had transformed to take her to the ball.
126.
bolide
This word is from Greek.
\ \

an exploding or exploded meteor or meteorite.
What May thought was a UFO turned out to actually be a
bolide.
127.
cohesive
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word consists of an originally Latin part plus an English

combining form.
fitting together naturally and consistently with suitable order,
proportion, and similarity of tone.
Raj's rumpled appearance was not cohesive with his wealth.
128.
turmoil
\ \

an utterly confused, extremely agitated, or tumultuous state or
condition.
The locker room was in turmoil when the star forward was
injured.
129.
genetic
\ \
[ \ \ ]

Latin.
of, relating to, produced by, or being one of the elements of the
germ plasm serving as specific transmitters of hereditary
characteristics.
After both her husband and daughter slid on the ice, Linda
wondered if klutziness was genetic.
page 33
130.
forbidden
\ \
[ \ \ ]

not allowed : not permitted : prohibited.
After almost driving the lawnmower into the pond, Laurie was
forbidden to mow ever again.
131.
mugwump
\ \
This word is from Natick.

the head or leader of any body of persons.
In the Harry Potter books, the head of the International
Confederation of Wizards is deemed the Supreme Mugwump.
132.
vouch
\ \

English.
to give tangible support to : prove, substantiate.
Rosemary calmly told the detective that she had several people
willing to vouch for her whereabouts on the night of the crime.
133.
avenge
\ \
This word was probably formed in English from an originally

French word.
to take vengeance for or on behalf of (oneself or another).
Tom promised to avenge his sister's loss in the snowball fight.
134.
morale
This word came from French, which formed it from Latin.
\ \
[ \ \ ]

a sense of common purpose or a degree of dedication to a
common task regarded as characteristic of or dominant in a
particular group or organization.
Student morale improved after the school was renovated.
135.
disarray
This word is from a French word that then became English.
\ \

a lack of order or sequence.
Rory's frantic search for his ringing cell phone left his room in
disarray.
136.
talisman
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word originally came from Greek through Arabic, and

came to English from Italian, Spanish or French.
an object thought to act as a charm to avert evil and bring good
fortune.
Vern showed us his rabbit's foot, which he claimed was an
effective talisman.
page 34
137.
dissemble
\ \
This word came from French, which formed it from a Latin

word.
[Has near homonym: disassemble.]
to conceal facts, motives, intentions, or feelings under some
pretense.
Ash tried to dissemble her anger by pasting on a bright smile.
138.
ailment
\ \
This word consists of an originally English part plus an

a bodily sickness, disorder, or chronic disease.
After waking up with a sore throat, Talia had some tea to
soothe her ailment.
139.
infamous
\ \

having a reputation of the worst kind : notorious as being of
vicious, contemptible, or criminal character.
Al Capone was an infamous Chicago gangster.
140.
duplicity
\ \
[ \ \ ]

deception by pretending to entertain one set of feelings and
acting under the influence of another.
A spy must be capable of constant duplicity.
141.
infringe
\ \

to neglect to fulfill or obey : violate.
A person's rights end when they begin to infringe on the rights
of others.
142.
manufacture
\ \
[ \ \ ]

to produce according to an organized plan and with division of
labor.
The new plant was to manufacture 7,000 cars a day.
page 35
143.
freight
\ \
This word was formed in English from either a Dutch word or

a German word.
something that is loaded for transportation : cargo.
The semi truck was delivering its freight to a vendor in
Arkansas.
144.
piety
\ \
[ \ \ ]

zeal in religious service or worship : devoutness.
Deacon Jones, noted for his piety and devotion to the church,
has greeted visitors every Sunday for nearly 30 years.
145.
vivacious
\ \
[ \ \ ]

lively in temper or conduct : sprightly.
Randi's vivacious personality made her perfect for her school's
pep squad.
146.
expunge
This word consists of two originally Latin elements.
\ \
[ \ \ ]

to obliterate (a material record or trace) by any means.
The criminal was careful to expunge his fingerprints from the
crime scene.
147.
bulwark
\ \
[ \ \ ]
Originally German, this word went through Dutch before

becoming English.
something that offers strong support or protection in danger : a
powerful means of defense.
In the video game, Cameron's character was part of the last
bulwark against alien invasion.
148.
shiatsu
\ \
This word is from Japanese.

a massage with the fingers especially of a form that originated
in Japan applied to those specific areas of the body used in
acupuncture.
Ramona's acupuncturist recommended regular sessions of
shiatsu to keep her neck muscles relaxed.
page 36
149.
lanai
This word is from Hawaiian.
\ \
[ \ \ ]

a living room open in part to the outdoors : an outdoor space
used as a living room.
Kai loved eating dinner out on the lanai while watching the
sunset.
150.
pontiff
\ \

word.
a high priest or chief religious figure.
Pope John Paul I was the Catholic pontiff for only one month.
151.
nigh
\ \

near in place, time, or relationship.
Mr. and Mrs. Wooten have been married for nigh on sixty
years.
152.
betrothal
\ \
[ \ \ ]

the act of promising in marriage.
The king announced the betrothal of his daughter to the duke.
153.
grouse
\ \

to complain typically with sustained grumbling.
Daris's mother pointed out that chores go faster if you don't
grouse while you do them.
154.
divvy
\ \

divide : share : distribute.
Rather than fight, Lisa and Maggie decided to divvy up the last
piece of cake.
There is no rule stating that you must proceed word-for-word from this list.
You may skip a word if you sense that the word may present a problem at your bee.
page 37
155.
stridency
\ \

the quality or state of loudly or obtrusively commanding notice
or recognition.
The politician's stridency on the controversial issue incited
anger in some voters.
156.
asylum
\ \
Originally Greek, this word went into Latin before becoming

English.
a place of refuge and protection.
The escaped hostage found asylum in a country church.
157.
vitriolic
\ \

becoming English.
marked by a caustic biting quality.
Howard had to be reprimanded for his vitriolic outbursts
against the referees and opposing players.
158.
insinuate
\ \

impart or communicate with artful indirect wording or oblique
reference : hint, imply.
April didn't mean to insinuate that Dante wasn't invited to the
party.
159.
affluent
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word is originally from Latin and came through French

into English.
[Could be confused with effluent.]
having an abundance of goods or riches : wealthy.
Ads for luxury cars are generally directed to affluent
consumers.
160.
lambasted
\ \
[ \ \ ]
The first part of this word is of Scandinavian origin and the

second part is of Norse origin.
administered a verbal or written thrashing to.
The coach lambasted his players for their lack of teamwork
during the game.
page 38
161.
evince
\ \
[ \ \ ]

[Has near homonym: events.]
to display clearly : exhibit, manifest, express.
Tiara usually kept her feelings to herself, but at times her smile
would evince her underlying happiness.
162.
bulbous
\ \

[Has homonym: bulbus.]
resembling or suggesting a bulb especially in roundness or in
the enlargement of a part.
The fancy goldfish had a rounded body, large bulbous eyes
and metallic scales.
163.
hermitage
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word consists of an element that went from Greek to

Latin to French to English plus an element that went from
Latin to French.
a secluded residence or private retreat.
Dave's father has always dreamed of living in the city during
the week and escaping to some country hermitage on the
weekends.
164.
bountiful
\ \
[ \ \ ]
The first part of this word is from an originally Latin word that
went through French before becoming English, and the second
part is an English combining form.
abundant : plentiful.
Clem was thrilled with this year's bountiful orange crop.
165.
exorcism
\ \
[ \ \ ]
Originally Greek, this word went through Latin to French

the act or practice of driving out or driving away an evil spirit
especially by use of a holy name or magic rites.
An exorcism can be as simple as blessing a place or thing to
rid it of evil influence.
page 39
166.
extinguish
\ \
The first part of this word is from an originally Latin word, and
the second part is an English combining form.
cause (as a fire or light) to cease burning.
On the 4th of July it was Tom's job to light the fireworks and
Georgia's to extinguish the resulting fires.
167.
propulsion
\ \
[ \ \ ]
the action or process of driving forward or ahead.
Kenny's model airplane crashed before he could figure out the
right propulsion.
168.
hackamore
\ \
Originally Arabic, this word went into Spanish before

becoming English by folk etymology.
a bridle that consists of a halter often of soft rope or braided
horsehair and is used especially in breaking and training
horses.
Charlene pulled back on the hackamore and cried "Whoa!"
169.
wheedle
\ \
[ \ \ ]

to gain or get away with by using soft words or flattery.
Ginger was sure she could wheedle ten dollars from her
father.
170.
bodega
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word is from a Latin word that became Spanish and then
English.
a combined wineshop and grocery store.
Miguel's mother sent him to the bodega for a loaf of bread.
171.
rosin
This word is from French.
\ \
[ \ \ ]

a translucent pale yellow or amber to dark red or darker brittle
resin that is obtained from dead wood of pine trees, and that is
used chiefly in making varnishes, lacquers, printing inks,
binding materials, polishes, and on bows for violins and other
str
Amber rubbed a block of rosin on her violin's bow hair so that
the bow would grip the strings and make them vibrate clearly.
page 40
172.
verdure
\ \

[Has homonym: verger.]
fresh and green growing vegetation.
Nina enjoyed all the verdure of spring.
173.
charioteer
\ \
[ \ \ ]

one that drives a 2-wheeled vehicle usually drawn by two
horses and used in ancient warfare and also in processions and
races.
The chariot, driven by a charioteer, was used for ancient
warfare during the Bronze and the Iron Ages.
174.
netiquette
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word consists of an English element and a French

element.
the rules of conduct governing communication on the Internet.
Typing in all capital letters is the online equivalent of shouting
and a breach of good netiquette.
175.
panache
\ \
[ \ \ ]
French.
dash or flamboyance in style and action : swagger, verve.
Dionne believed that anything worth doing was worth doing
with panache.
176.
recoup
This word is from a French word.
\ \
[ \ \ ]

to compensate (as oneself) for something (as expenses, losses).
Those swindled by the investment scheme banded together to
try to recoup their losses.
Do only two or three spellers remain? If so, and if your bee does not conclude
in two or three rounds, consider skipping ahead 25 words.
page 41
177.
\ \
abstruse
[ \ \ ]

[Has obsolete variant with similar pronunciation: obstruse.]
difficult to comprehend or understand.
Because the directions were so abstruse, Kiki and Micah were
unable to put the bookshelf together.
178.
prognosticate
\ \

to foretell from signs or symptoms : predict, prophesy.
The fortune teller at the fair claims to prognosticate your
future using her crystal ball.
179.
agitprop
\ \
This word is from a Russian word that was formed from a

word that went from Latin to French and a word from Latin.
propaganda and agitation especially in behalf of communism.
Agitprop describes stage plays, pamphlets, movies and other
art forms with an explicitly political message.
180.
ostracism
\ \
[ \ \ ]

[Could be confused with ostrichism.]
exclusion by general consent from common privileges or social
acceptance.
Brandon was subjected to ostracism after he left the fencing
team's equipment on the subway.
181.
monochrome
\ \
Both parts of this word are originally Greek.

the art of producing a painting or drawing in a single hue.
During his Blue Period, Pablo Picasso produced paintings
using monochrome.
182.
courtier
\ \
[ \ \ ]

a gentleman attendant or frequenter of a sovereign's residence
or establishment.
Travis will perform the part of the king's courtier in the play.
page 42
183.
cumbersome
\ \
The first part of this word is from a French word that then
became English, and the second part is from an originally
English word.
of an excessive size, shape, or length : unwieldy.
Eric dragged his cumbersome duffel bag by its strap.
184.
armistice
\ \

word.
temporary suspension of hostilities as agreed upon by those
engaged in the hostilities.
The Korean War was ended with an armistice agreement.
185.
tomahawk
\ \
This word is from Virginian Algonquian.

[Has similarly pronounced Australian variant tommyhawk.]
a light axe used both as a missile and as a hand weapon by
Native North Americans.
Tomahawk throwing is a popular sport among American
historical re-enactment groups.
186.
histrionics
\ \

plural noun (Websters Third page 1074, column 1)
staged or stagy conduct or exhibition of temperament usually
intended to produce some particular effect or response in
others.
Veruca's histrionics were merely an attempt to get her own
way.
187.
carcinogen
\ \
[ \ \ ]

a substance or agent producing or inciting cancerous growth.
Asbestos has been proven to be a powerful carcinogen.
188.
ragamuffin
\ \
This word is from an English literary name.

[Has homonym: differently defined raggamuffin.]
a ragged and unkempt youth.
When George came home after falling in the muddy creek, his
mom accused him of being a ragamuffin.
page 43
189.
injurious
\ \

English.
inflicting or tending to inflict damage : hurtful, harmful,
detrimental.
Dakota refused to go skydiving, saying that the landing might
be injurious to her health.
190.
vestigial
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word consists of an originally Latin part plus an English

combining form.
of, relating to, or being a small and degenerate body part or
organ that remains from one more fully developed in an earlier
stage of the individual, in a past generation, or in closely
related forms.
Scientists have found small, vestigial leg bones buried within
the back body of whales.
191.
chancellor
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word is from a Latin word that went through French to

English.
the chief minister of state in any of certain European countries
who is charged with responsibilities corresponding to those of
a prime minister.
In Britain, the Lord Chancellor is a member of the Cabinet
and is responsible for the independence of the courts.
192.
laureate
\ \
[ \ \ ]

a recipient of an honor or award for outstanding achievement
in an art or science.
Mika's school invited the Nobel laureate to speak at their
graduation ceremony.
193.
quadrillion
\ \

one followed by 15 zeros, or ten to the 15th power.
Berkley could think of a quadrillion things she rather be doing
than weeding her father's garden.
194.
plagiarism
\ \
[ \ \ ]

an act or an instance of stealing and passing off as one's own
the ideas or words of another.
The punishment for plagiarism in Mrs. Williams' class is an
automatic zero on the assignment.
page 44
195.
presumptuous
\ \
[ \
\ ]

assuming a prerogative, privilege, or permission without
warrant : taking liberties.
It was presumptuous of Holly to assume that she would be
elected class president.
196.
sapphire
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word is from an originally Sanskrit element that went

through Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and French before entering
English.
a precious stone of transparent rich blue corundum of great
value.
Sapphire is the birthstone for the month of September, as
Roxie's mom keeps reminding her dad.
197.
bonsai
This word is from Japanese.
\ \
[ \ \ ]

[Has near homonym: banzai.]
a potted plant (as a tree) dwarfed by special methods of
culture.
Joanie spent the afternoon instructing a class on pruning a
bonsai.
198.
focaccia
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word went from Latin to Italian to English.

a flat Italian bread typically seasoned with herbs and olive oil.
Focaccia is Eva's favorite sandwich bread.
199.
genoise
\ \
This word is from French which took it from an Italian

geographical name.
[Could be confused with genoese.]
a light cake of sugar, flour, melted butter, and stiffly beaten
eggs.
For Sonia's birthday, Antonin baked her a chocolate genoise
with fruit and cream filling.
page 45
200.
aficionado or
afficionado
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word went from Latin to Spanish before becoming

English.
an ardent follower, supporter, or enthusiast : fan.
Morgan was such an aficionado of The Hunger Games that
she took up archery as a hobby.
201.
bloviate
\ \

to orate verbosely and windily.
Aunt Edith had such a tendency to bloviate that a phone call
with her could last hours.
202.
pariah
This word is from Tamil.
\ \
[
\ \ ]

a person despised or rejected by society : an outcast.
The political candidate became a pariah to his party, and
many members refused to be seen with him.
203.
bazooka
\ \
This word is probably from an American English word of

unknown origin.
a light portable usually crew-served shoulder weapon used
especially to launch armor-piercing rockets.
The water fight got out of control when Royce brought out his
water bazooka.
204.
cavalier
\ \
[ \ \ ]
Originally Latin, this word went from Old Provenal to

Italian to French before becoming English.
given to airy dismissal of things worthy of attention.
Eloise's cavalier attitude towards spending money ended when
her first credit card bill arrived.
205.
juxtapose
\ \

to place side by side.
Mrs. Summer would often juxtapose three famous paintings
and have her students compare them.
page 46
206.
matriculation
\ \

the action of or the state of being admitted to membership in a
body, society, or institution especially a college or university.
Some universities require students to pay a matriculation fee
when they accept an offer of admission.
207.
smithereens
\ \
This word is from Irish Gaelic.

bits : fragments.
Elden watched in horror as the delicate bowl fell and smashed
into smithereens.
208.
aerodynamic
\ \
[ \ \ ]

of or relating to the science that treats of the motion of air and
other gaseous fluids and of the forces acting on bodies in
motion relative to such fluids.
Wade's paper airplane was not very aerodynamic and
immediately crashed to the ground.
209.
unctuous
\ \
[ \ \ ]

[Has similarly-pronounced variant: unctious.]
revealing or marked by a smug, ingratiating, and false
earnestness or spirituality : oily.
Hoping to flatter his boss, Oscar was unctuous in his praise
for the project.
210.
revanche
\ \

revenge; especially : the policy of a government intent on the
recovery of lost territory.
Some former republics of the Soviet Union were fearful of
Russian revanche.
211.
erstwhile
\ \
[ \ \ ]

having been at some past time : onetime, sometime, or former.
Claude is suing his erstwhile friend and business partner for
the collapse of their corporation.
page 47
212.
seraphic
This word is from a word that went from Hebrew to Latin.
\ \

of or relating to an angel of the highest order : sublime, pure.
The youth choir ended its concert with a seraphic chorale.
213.
chimera or
chimaera
This word went from Greek to Latin before becoming English.
\ \
[ \ \ ]

a grotesque animal form in painting or sculpture compounded
from parts of different real or imaginary animals.
Desmond painted a chimera with the body of a goat, the wings
of a dragon and the face of his art teacher.
214.
isochronous
\ \
The first parts of this word are originally Greek, and the last
equal in duration, interval, or metrical length.
Beats in music mark isochronous points in time.
215.
querulous
\ \
[ \ \ ]

expressing or suggestive of complaint : fretful : whining.
The querulous toddler cried whenever she didn't get her way.
216.
portmanteau
\ \

word.
a word composed of parts or all of two words and
characterized frequently by single occurrence of one or more
sounds or letters that appear in both the words.
"Chortle" is a portmanteau of "chuckle" and "snort."
217.
cephalopod
\ \

any of a class of marine mollusks including the squids,
cuttlefishes, and octopuses all having around the front of the
head a group of elongated muscular arms usually furnished
with prehensile suckers or hooks.
The squid is a ten-armed cephalopod.
page 48
218.
arraignment
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word is from a Latin-derived French word that then

became English.
the act or the state of being called to the bar of a court to
answer to the charge of an indictment.
Bo pleaded "not guilty" in answer to his arraignment.
219.
ventriloquy
\ \

the act of speaking in such a manner that the voice appears to
come from some source other than the speaker and especially
with little or no movement of the lips.
Norm's stage show involved both magic and ventriloquy.
220.
encryption
\ \
[ \ \ ]

the act or process of putting into code.
Encryption of computer files doesn't bar the dedicated hacker;
it merely delays his access.
221.
chiffonade
\ \
[ \ \ ]

shredded or finely cut vegetables used in soup or salad
dressing.
Imogene garnished her tomato soup with a chiffonade of basil.
222.
Freudian
\ \
This word is from an Austrian name plus an English

combining form.
of, relating to, or according with the theories of Austrian
neurologist Sigmund Freud and his system of psychoanalysis.
A Freudian slip of the tongue may reveal the speaker's deepseated concerns and reasons for action.
223.
dirndl
This word is from an originally German word.
\ \
[ \ \ ]

a dress style marked by a tight bodice, short sleeves, low neck,
and gathered skirt and copied from Alpine peasant costumes.
Shana was distressed to find a tear in her dirndl just before the
yodeling competition.
page 49
224.
aubergine
\ \
[ \ \ ]
Originally Arabic, this word passed through Catalan and

French before entering English.
a variable color averaging a blackish purple.
Kimmie's decision to paint all the walls of her room aubergine
did not go over well with her father.
225.
sotto voce
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word is from Italian.

under the breath : in an undertone.
Vanessa leaned over and told Cleve sotto voce that it was time
to leave.
page 50
Additional Words
Words 226375 do not appear on Scripps National Spelling Bee Study Word Lists
There is no rule stating that you must proceed word-for-word from this list.
You may skip a word if you sense that the word may present a problem at your bee.
226.
barrel
\ \

[The definition provided is not the one most commonly
associated with this word.]
a unit of measure for petroleum equal to 42 gallons.
Sheiks wept as the price of oil dropped below 17 dollars per
barrel.
227.
sandwich
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word is from an English title.

two slices of bread with a thin layer of meat, cheese, or a
savory mixture spread between them.
Dad fixed a grilled cheese sandwich and tomato soup for
Caleb's lunch.
228.
antics
This word is from Italian.
\ \

capricious or madcap escapades.
Curious George's antics delight many young children.
229.
hedgehog
\ \
[ \ \ ]

any of several Old World nocturnal spine-bearing mammals.
Prudence spotted a hedgehog in the strawberry patch.
230.
secure
\ \
[ \ \ ]

seize and confine a person : hold fast.
The prison rules state that the guards will secure all remaining
prisoners in the event of an escape.
231.
guidelines
\ \
This word is from a word of Germanic origin that went

through Provencal to French to English, plus an originally
English word.
indications or outlines of future policy or conduct.
The school's code of conduct gives students guidelines for
proper behavior on campus.
page 51
232.
intact
This word came from Latin to English.
\ \

left complete or entire.
Molly was grateful that her phone was still intact after she
accidentally dropped it on the sidewalk.
233.
grizzled
\ \
This word is from an originally Germanic word that became

French before becoming English.
sprinkled, streaked, or mixed with gray.
Luda's beagle has become grizzled around the snout.
234.
sulking
This word is probably originally English.
\ \
[ \ \ ]

being moodily silent.
Marla asked Kurt to stop sulking and tell her what was wrong.
235.
precinct
\ \
[ \ \ ]

a part of a territory (as a city) having definite bounds or
functions and often established for administrative purposes : a
district.
Peter's registration card lists information about the precinct in
which he lives and votes.
236.
hammock
\ \
[
\ \ ]
This word is from an originally Taino word that passed into

Spanish.
a swinging couch or bed usually made of netting or canvas and
slung by cords from supports at each end.
John enjoyed swinging in his hammock and listening to the
birds.
237.
squirmy
\ \
This word is from a word that is perhaps imitative in origin

plus an English combining form.
given to or characterized by twisting about like an eel or a
worm : given to wriggling.
Abigail struggled to get the squirmy toddler into the car seat.
page 52
238.
hapless
\ \
The first part of this word is from an originally Old Norse

word that then passed into English, and the second part is an
marked by the absence of good luck : unfortunate.
The hapless students were caught between the school district
and the striking teachers.
239.
compelled
\ \

forced by physical necessity.
Artie was compelled to hold his breath while swimming under
water.
240.
murderous
\ \
[ \ \ ]

having the ability or power to overwhelm.
Kyle felt faint after running a race in the murderous July heat.
241.
pandering
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word is from an alteration of a name from English

literature, plus an English combining form.
[Noun form of pander has obsolete alternate spelling pandar;
however, verb form is only listed as pander.]
providing gratification for others' desires.
The stand-up comedian accused the previous performer of
cheaply pandering to the crowd in order to get laughs.
242.
jargon
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word is probably from an imitative word that went from

French to English.
the technical terminology or characteristic idiom of specialists
or workers in a particular activity or area of knowledge.
Anna was sure that the computer programmers were speaking
English, but their jargon made it impossible for her to
understand what they were saying.
243.
signify
\ \

to mean or denote.
Charlie's excellent spelling and grammar signify to his teacher
to care he took in writing and reviewing his essay.
page 53
244.
bewilder
\ \

perplex or confuse especially by a complexity, variety, or
multitude of objects or considerations.
Manuals for digital cameras may bewilder users who grew up
using film cameras.
245.
poverty
This word went from Latin through French to English.
\ \
[ \ \ ]

lack or relative lack of money or material possessions.
The fairy tale told the story of a young girl raised in poverty
who was found to be a princess.
246.
exert
\ \
[ \ \ ]

[Could be confused with exhort.]
to put forth or put out (as strength, power, or effort).
Rikki worked in the garden until she could no longer exert any
more effort and had to take a break.
247.
oppress
\ \

burden spiritually or mentally as if by pressure : weigh heavily
upon.
Feelings of anxiety oppress Candice from time to time.
248.
pallid
\ \

lacking in brightness or intensity : pale used of a color or a
colored object.
Today's pallid sky contrasts sharply with yesterday's brilliant
blue one.
249.
redundant
\ \
[ \ \ ]

exceeding what is necessary or normal : superfluous.
The lengthy newspaper article proved to be more redundant
than informative.
page 54
250.
tactically
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word consists of a part that went from Greek to Latin plus
English combining forms.
in a manner involving actions that are distinguished from those
of strategy by being of less importance to the outcome of a war
or of less magnitude.
The tanks were tactically grouped for the offensive maneuver.
251.
ascot
This word is from an English place name.
\ \
[ \ \ ]

a broad necktie whose usually square ends are tied in a knot,
crossed diagonally, and then pinned.
Grant was thrilled to find the perfect silk ascot to accessorize
his steampunk Halloween costume.
252.
orca
\ \

a fierce carnivorous whale 20 to 30 feet long that is black with
yellowish white areas on sides and underparts : killer whale.
The orca is found in all oceans, from the Arctic and Antarctic
regions to tropical areas.
253.
alienate
\ \
[ \ \ ]

to make unfriendly, hostile, or indifferent especially where
attachment formerly existed.
When Madeline returned from her study abroad program, she
was worried the time and distance apart would alienate her
from her old group of friends.
254.
parasol
\ \
[ \ \ ]
French.
a lightweight umbrella used as a sunshade.
Georgina decided to splurge on an antique parasol even
though she knew she'd never actually use it.
255.
celebrity
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word went from Latin to French to English.

an acclaimed or widely known person.
Tobias was hoping to spot a celebrity during his visit to
Hollywood.
page 55
256.
spectacles
\ \

glasses that are supported by the ears.
Mary spent a long time looking at the display of spectacles in
the museum.
257.
bellowed
\ \
[ \ \ ]

emitted a loud deep hollow prolonged sound.
Greta stopped and listened as the bull bellowed in the pasture.
258.
seniority
\ \
[ \ \ ]

priority especially of birth, office, or service.
The company policy was to promote employees based
achievement rather than simply on seniority.
259.
oblivion
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word is from Latin-derived French.

the quality or state of being forgotten.
Fiona and Alistair have joined a group whose goal is to keep
the Gaelic language from fading into oblivion.
260.
excessive
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word is from a Latin word that became French and then
English.
very large, great, or numerous : greater than usual.
Mrs. Ostrom noticed that her son Ben had taken an excessive
number of cookies from the jar.
261.
inevitable
\ \
[ \ \ ]

incapable of being avoided or circumvented.
The inevitable result of the confrontation between the friends
was that someone's feelings got hurt.
262.
dominant
\ \

commanding, controlling, or having supremacy or ascendancy
over all others by reason of superior strength or power.
The king's forces proved dominant after a short battle.
page 56
263.
atrocious
\ \

markedly inferior in quality.
Mrs. Diamond vowed to do something about her grandson's
atrocious table manners.
264.
accuracy
\ \
[ \ \ ]

the quality, state, or degree of being free from error or mistake
especially as the result of care.
Mr. Simprich told his students that their spelling tests would be
graded for neatness as well as accuracy.
265.
imperil
\ \
[ \ \ ]

becoming English.
expose to danger of imminent harm or loss.
The candidate's advisors informed him that the investigation
into fund-raising efforts would imperil his political future.
266.
scrupulous
\ \

correct to the smallest detail : painstaking, precise.
Gillian hired scrupulous copy editors to review her
manuscript, confident they would find every mistake.
267.
perceptibly
\ \

in a manner so as to be perceived.
When Laura entered the supermarket, the air was perceptibly
cooler.
268.
catalogic
\ \

having the characteristics of or belonging to a detailed
enumeration.
To Maurice's surprise the catalogic book contained many
illustrations.
269.
abominate
\ \

regard with repugnance : detest extremely.
Potential jurors who profess that they abominate the death
penalty are excused from jury duty in capital cases.
page 57
270.
fissure
\ \

[Has homonym: fisher.]
a narrow opening, chasm, or crack of some length and
considerable depth usually occurring from some breaking,
rending, or parting.
A fissure ran through Irene's backyard after the earthquake.
271.
periodical
\ \
[ \ \ ]
The first part of this word is from an originally Greek word

that passed into Latin, and the second part is from an English
combining form.
published with a fixed interval between issues.
Every morning, Mitch read a few articles to keep up with the
periodical literature on the arts.
272.
apprehend
\ \
[ \ \ ]

take (a person) in legal process : arrest.
By order of the police chief, the officers will apprehend the
forger.
273.
sedition
\ \
[ \ \ ]

becoming English.
an insurrection against constituted authority : a tumult caused
by dissension, partisan hatred, or discontent.
Because Paul openly advocated the overthrow of the
government, he was charged with sedition.
274.
pittance
\ \

becoming English.
a usually small often barely sufficient portion, amount, or
allowance.
Gloria was tired of working long hours for a pittance.
275.
intrepid
\ \
[ \ \ ]

characterized by resolute fearlessness in meeting dangers or
hardships and enduring them with fortitude.
Bob's military honors attest to his intrepid character.
page 58
276.
tenacious
\ \
[ \ \ ]

holding fast or tending to hold fast : persistent in maintaining
or adhering to something valued or habitual.
Marjorie is tenacious in her belief that her cousin was
abducted by aliens and replaced by an impostor.
277.
perpetuity
\ \
[ \ \ ]

becoming English.
endless time : eternity.
Nell wonders if she will be her family's designated grass cutter
for perpetuity.
278.
mackerel
\ \
[ \ \ ]
Originally Dutch, this word went into French before entering

English.
a North Atlantic fish that is green above with dark blue bars
and silvery below, reaches a length of about 18 inches, and is
one of the most important food fishes.
Friday's supper was baked mackerel covered with white sauce.
279.
wherewithal
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word consists of three originally English elements.

means or resources for purchasing or doing something.
Everyone was surprised that Jake had the wherewithal to buy
a sailboat.
280.
affectionate
\ \
[ \ \ ]

having warm regard : loving : fond.
Tipper is the most affectionate collie Susan had ever owned.
281.
compulsory
\ \

demanded, directed, or designated by authority.
Retirement from the airplane parts manufacturing plant
becomes compulsory for employees once they reach their 66th
birthday.
page 59
282.
mollycoddle
\ \
This word is from an English name plus a word that is perhaps

an alteration of an English word.
a pampered darling : a spineless weakling.
"I want the actor to look like a pirate, not a mollycoddle," said
the movie producer.
283.
instinctively
\ \
[ \ \ ]
the second part contains English combining forms.
in a manner determined by natural impulse or propensity.
Instinctively Josie knew that she had taken a wrong turn at the
corner.
284.
jurisdiction
\ \
[ \ \ ]

the limits or territory within which any particular power may
be exercised : sphere of authority.
The country's jurisdiction includes its territorial waters along
the coast.
285.
excoriate
\ \
[ \ \ ]

censure scathingly.
The coach will not excoriate players for their mistakes, but he
will encourage them to do better.
286.
apologetic
\ \

regretfully excusing or acknowledging.
Segal's face was so apologetic that his teacher could not be
angry at him.
287.
ensuant
\ \
[ \ \ ]
The first part of this word is from a French word that then
became English, and the second part is from an originally
English word.
following as a consequence.
Harrison's popularity, ensuant on his first hit movie, opened
many other opportunities for starring roles.
page 60
288.
detrimental
\ \
harmful : damaging.
There is little doubt that smoking is detrimental to one's
health.
289.
infirmary
\ \
[ \ \ ]

a hospital or place where the sick are lodged for treatment.
The camp nurse confined Jason to the infirmary after he
fainted.
290.
expediently
\ \
[ \ \ ]

in a manner characterized by suitability, practicality, and
efficiency.
It is the responsibility of the customer service representative to
handle all complaints expediently.
291.
pancreas
\ \
[ \ \ ]

a large compound gland that in humans lies in front of the
upper lumbar vertebrae and behind the stomach and secretes
digestive enzymes and the hormone insulin.
When there is a sudden rise in the blood sugar level, the
pancreas secretes more insulin to counteract it.
292.
acknowledge
\ \
[ \ \ ]

make known to a sender or giver the receipt of what has been
sent or given.
The newly married couple vows that they will acknowledge
every gift they have received.
293.
iterance
\ \
[ \ \ ]

[Could be confused with iterancy.]
repetition : repetitiousness : recurrence.
Carol noticed an iterance of the name "Elizabeth" in her
genealogical chart.
page 61
294.
sinistral
\ \
[ \ \ ]

of or relating to the left.
The sorcerer's mask was ripped away, revealing terrible scars
on the sinistral side of his face.
295.
livery
\ \
[ \ \ ]

distinctive dress (as of an organization, profession,
occupation).
The hotel doorman's spotless livery was green with gold braid.
296.
rapacious
\ \

excessively grasping or covetous : given to seizing or extorting
what is coveted.
The rapacious invaders left a trail of destruction in their wake.
297.
intercessory
\ \

relating to or marked by the act of praying or petitioning in
favor of another.
The congregation joined in intercessory prayers for the sick
parishioners.
298.
evidentiary
\ \
This word consists of a Latin part plus an English combining

form.
being, relating to, or affording something that furnishes or
tends to furnish proof.
Because he is not an expert in forensic pathology, Harvey's
opinion has no evidentiary value.
299.
oleander
\ \

an ornamental evergreen shrub that has narrow leaves and
clusters of fragrant white to red flowers.
The sweet aroma of the oleander wafted through the window.
page 62
300.
portraiture
\ \
[ \
\ ]

becoming English.
the making of pictorial representations of a person usually
showing his or her face by painting, drawing, photography, or
otherwise.
The Renaissance artists excelled in portraiture; and the most
famous portrait from the era is "La Gioconda," which is better
known as"Mona Lisa."
301.
holograph
\ \
[ \ \ ]

a document (as a letter, deed, or will) wholly in the
handwriting of the person from whom it proceeds and whose
act it purports to be.
Amongst the early documents of Middlesex County, Roberta
found many a fascinating holograph.
302.
quagmire
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word came to English from a word of unknown origin

plus an Old Norse word.
a complex or precarious position where disengagement is
difficult.
In his position as protocol officer, Russell often found himself
in a quagmire of delicate relationships.
303.
demarcate
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word is from an originally Germanic word that then

became Italian and then Spanish before becoming English.
mark by bounds.
The fishing lines that Sol strung in the room demarcate his half
of the room from his brother's.
304.
postponable
\ \
[ \ \ ]

capable of being deferred or delayed.
Andre declared that the meeting was urgent and not
postponable.
305.
superfluous
\ \
[ \ \ ]

exceeding what is sufficient, necessary, normal, or desirable.
Alex's teacher told him to eliminate superfluous words from
his essay.
page 63
306.
derelict
\ \

a thing voluntarily abandoned or willfully cast away by its
owner with the intention of not retaking it and rightly claimed
by the first person who takes possession of it; specifically : a
boat abandoned on the high seas.
Tom sank his disabled yacht when his rescuers arrived so that
it would not become a derelict.
307.
accusatory
\ \
[ \ \ ]

containing or expressing a charge of wrongdoing, delinquency,
or fault.
Malcolm knew he was in trouble as soon as he heard his
mother's accusatory tone.
308.
suture
\ \
This word is from Latin and French.

unite the parts of by using a strand or fiber (as of silk, nylon,
cotton, catgut, wire).
The surgeon will suture the incision with a plastic fiber.
309.
deferential
\ \
This word was formed in French from Latin-derived elements.

[Could be confused with differential.]
showing or expressing courteous or ingratiating regard for
another's wishes.
The waiter's deferential behavior gained him a bigger tip.
310.
latitudinous
\ \
[ \ \ ]

having breadth especially of thought or interpretation.
Poetry is a latitudinous category, ranging from the moralistic
to the nihilistic.
311.
sturgeon
\ \

any of a family of usually large elongate bony fishes that are
widely distributed in the north temperate zone and are valued
for their flesh and especially for their roe which is made into
caviar.
Jake caught an 18-foot-long sturgeon on a recent fishing trip
to British Columbia.
page 64
312.
erratic
\ \
[ \ \ ]

characterized by lack of consistency, regularity, or uniformity :
unpredictable.
The interpretive dancer's erratic movements kept the audience
guessing what he would do next.
313.
viscous
\ \

[Could be confused with viscose.]
having the physical property of a fluid or semifluid that
enables it to develop a certain amount of shearing stress
dependent upon the velocity of flow and then to offer
continued resistance to the flow.
Joe was surprised to learn that glass is viscous, as evidenced
by the fact that a windowpane, over time, becomes thicker at
its lower edge and thinner at its upper edge.
314.
tournament
\ \
[ \ \ ]

a trial of skill in which many contestants compete for
championship in a series of elimination contests.
Laszlo won first place in the state wrestling tournament.
315.
liminal
\ \
[ \ \ ]

having the lowest amount necessary to produce a particular
effect : possessing the minimal quantity.
During finals week, Brad was able to get only the liminal
amount of sleep necessary to stay awake during exams.
316.
mewling
This word is imitative.
\ \
[ \ \ ]

[Has homonym: muling.]
making whimpering sounds : whining.
Rebecca couldn't stop mewling about her crushing defeat in
the chess match.
page 65
317.
symptomatic
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word is from a word that went from Greek into Latin plus
an English combining form.
characteristic or indicative.
The traffic jam was symptomatic of larger problems with the
local transportation infrastructure.
318.
ellipses
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word is from an originally Greek word.

[The definition provided is not the one most commonly
associated with this word.]
omissions of one or more words that are obviously understood
but must be supplied to make a construction grammatically
complete.
Pat's use of suspension periods to punctuate her main
character's ellipses visually portrays the character's disjointed
thoughts.
319.
architectural
\ \
[ \ \ ]

Latin.
of, resembling, or relating to the art or practice of designing
and building structures, especially habitable structures.
King Ludwig's castle in Bavaria is a famous example of
architectural extravagance.
320.
decrepitude
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word is from a word that went from Latin to French.

a state of decay, ruin, or dilapidation.
Far from falling into decrepitude, the town was busy restoring
its public buildings.
321.
nescience
\ \
[ \
\ ]

[Has homonym: plural noun nescients.]
lack of knowledge or awareness : ignorance.
The teacher made the study of history seem like an epic
journey from nescience to knowledge.
page 66
322.
unattainable
\ \
This word is from a part that came from Latin through French
to English plus English combining forms.
not capable of being accomplished or achieved.
Dewey believed no goal was unattainable if he planned
correctly and worked diligently.
323.
memoir
\ \
[ \ \ ]

word.
a history or narrative composed from or stressing personal
experience and acquaintance with the events, scenes, or
persons described.
In his memoir the general related many details of the decisive
battle.
324.
stratose
\ \
[ \ \ ]

[Could be confused with stratus.]
arranged in layers.
The stratose nature of the limestone was quite visible where
the hillside had been cut during highway construction.
325.
bifurcation
\ \

word.
the point at which separation or branching into two parts,
areas, aspects, or connected segments occurs.
Lance pulled his car over and studied the map when he
reached a bifurcation in the road.
326.
codex
\ \

a usually ancient book or unbound sheets.
While searching museum's archives, the curator found a codex
he had never seen before.
page 67
327.
astrolabe
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word went from Greek to Latin and French to English.

a compact instrument for observing the positions of the
celestial bodies, in the eighteenth century a graduated circle for
taking altitudes at sea and now having been superseded by the
sextant.
Dad says that the astrolabe is to the sextant as the slide rule is
to his calculator.
328.
spontaneous
\ \

proceeding from natural feeling or native tendency without
external constraint.
Jill's spontaneous reaction whenever she sees her friends is to
give them a hug.
329.
decathlon
\ \
[ \ \ ]

a ten-event athletic contest.
The motivational speaker Bruce Jenner is famous for having
won a gold medal in the 1976 Olympic Games decathlon.
330.
crystalline
\ \
[ \ \ ]

Latin and then French plus an English combining form.
[Could be confused with crystallin.]
clear-cut.
Sandra preferred not to join in a debate until she had formed a
crystalline argument.
331.
vertigo
\ \
[ \ \ ]

a disordered state in which the individual or the individual's
surroundings seem to whirl dizzily.
The constant rocking of the boat produced feelings of vertigo
and nausea in many of the passengers.
page 68
332.
garnishee
\ \
The first part of this word is from an originally Germanic word

that became French before becoming English, and the second
serve with a stoppage of a specified sum from wages to satisfy
a creditor.
Norton was afraid the court would garnishee half his salary to
pay his back taxes.
333.
epistle
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word came from Greek through Latin and French to

English.
a letter.
Juliet thought it sounded more impressive to refer to the love
note she received from Romeo as an epistle of romance.
334.
cosmetician
\ \

a makeup artist.
Marla works as a cosmetician at the local television station.
335.
longevous
\ \

long-lived.
Mandy's longevous great-grandmother told stories of what life
was like during World War II.
336.
assimilative
\ \
[ \ \ ]

characterized by or causing the absorption of something.
Brian's amazing memory attests to the extraordinary
assimilative processes of his mind.
337.
stentorian
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word is from a Greek name plus an English combining

form.
extremely loud : capable of powerful utterance or sound.
Mitchell's stentorian voice annoyed everyone on the bus.
page 69
338.
nucleolus
\ \
[ \ \ ]

a spherical body in a cell nucleus that is associated with a
specific part of a chromosome and contains much ribosomal
RNA.
The nucleolus is that part of the cell in which proteinproducing ribosomes are formed.
339.
entablature
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word is from a Latin word that passed through Italian

in architecture, the crowning element of an exterior wall that
supports the pediment or roof plate according to its position on
the front or flank of the building.
Pigeons roost in the entablature of Judy's apartment building.
340.
crucible
\ \

a vessel or melting pot that is used for melting and converting
to a powder or to a friable state a substance (as metal and ore)
which requires a high degree of heat.
Clyde began the experiment by dumping the collected samples
into a crucible.
341.
sanguine
\ \

marked by eager hopefulness : ardently or confidently
optimistic.
Ever sanguine, Kathy said that she would one day win the
lottery.
342.
quietus
\ \
[ \ \ ]

a period of inactivity.
Tamra's father sprayed an herbicide on his lawn and hoped
that the weeds would have a long quietus.
page 70
343.
ferrule
\ \

becoming English.
[Has homonyms: feral, ferule.]
a band or cap usually of metal enclosing the end of a cane, tool
handle, table leg, or similar object to strengthen it or prevent
splitting and wearing.
Both the knob and the ferrule of Mr. Benson's walking stick
were made of intricately engraved silver.
344.
pandiculation
\ \

a stretching and stiffening especially of the trunk and
extremities (as when fatigued and drowsy or after waking from
sleep).
A cat usually extends its claws during pandiculation.
345.
genetrix
\ \

a female parent.
The hypothetical most recent common genetrix of the human
race is known as "Mitochondrial Eve."
346.
rubicundity
\ \
[ \ \ ]

the quality or state of being ruddy or reddish.
The rubicundity of Laura's face was evidence of her
embarrassment.
347.
elysium
\ \
[ \
\ ]

Latin.
[Could be confused with allision, elision, elysian.]
the dwelling place of happy souls after death as conceived by
the ancient Greeks and Romans either as a concrete physical
region or a state of existence.
Greek tales about the afterlife seem to focus more on Hades
than on elysium.
page 71
348.
philtrum
\ \

the vertical groove on the median line of the upper lip.
Cindy used her napkin to dab the sauce from her philtrum.
349.
iridology
\ \

the study of the opaque muscular contractile diaphragm that is
suspended in front of the lens of the eye for indications of the
state of bodily health and of the presence of disease.
Dr. Norman's knowledge of iridology helps her in diagnosing
illnesses.
350.
obeisance
\ \
[ \ \ ]

becoming English.
an attitude of respect : deference or homage.
Josh demonstrated his obeisance for the famous professor by
writing down her every word.
351.
panoply
\ \

a magnificent or impressive array.
The panoply of wildflowers in the meadow took Carla's breath
away.
352.
rebarbative
\ \

serving or tending to repel or irritate.
Teresa complained that she found the school play rebarbative.
353.
aventurine
\ \
[ \ \ ]

a translucent quartz spangled throughout with scales of mica or
other mineral.
Minka's brother gave her a pendant of sparkling aventurine as
a graduation gift.
page 72
354.
remora
\ \

any of a family of marine fishes that have the front upper fin
modified into a suctorial disk by means of which they cling
especially to other fishes.
While receiving a free ride on the shark, the remora rid it of
the parasites on its skin.
355.
webelos
\ \
This word is an English acronym.

a Cub Scout of the fifth rank who is at least 10 years old
and is preparing for entrance into Boy Scouts.
Noah spent his second year as a webelos working on his
fitness, geologist, and handyman activity badges.
356.
smorgasbord
\ \
This word is from Swedish.

a luncheon or supper buffet offering a variety of foods and
dishes.
Nita's smorgasbord included turkey and smoked salmon.
357.
peripatetic
\ \
[ \ \ ]

performed or performing while moving about : itinerant.
Adrian spent an exciting three years as a peripatetic journalist
before settling in Chicago.
358.
gravitas
\ \
[ \ \ ]

high seriousness (as in a person's bearing or the treatment of a
subject).
Amberley, as a comedic actress, knew she lacked the gravitas
for more dramatic roles.
359.
calculiform
\ \

shaped like a pebble.
In the Mayan writing system, the characters were rounded like
pebbles and so were described as being calculiform.
360.
flagitiously
\ \

in a grossly wicked manner.
The criminal was sentenced to ten years' imprisonment for his
flagitiously cruel assault.
page 73
361.
sciolistic
\ \

of or relating to superficial knowledge or to one whose
knowledge is superficial.
The students' sciolistic conversation amused Professor Pickett.
362.
acescent
\ \
[ \ \ ]

turning sour or tending to turn sour.
Natalie spit out the acescent milk.
363.
oncolysis
\ \
Both parts of this word are originally Greek.

the destruction of tumor cells.
Scientists are studying ways of accomplishing oncolysis by
depriving the tumor of oxygen.
364.
trilobite
\ \
This word consists of two Greek parts plus a Latin part plus a
Latin combining form.
any of numerous extinct Paleozoic marine arthropods that
constitute the group Trilobita, have the segments of the body
divided by furrows on the dorsal surface into a median axis
and two lateral pleura, and are usually of a flattened oval form.
One species of trilobite is thought to have been completely
eyeless, though most of the organisms had compound eyes.
365.
politesse
\ \

word.
formal and cultivated courteous or socially correct behavior.
The ambassador greatly enjoyed the diplomatic world of pomp
and politesse.
page 74
366.
celesta
\ \
[ \ \ ]

word.
[Could be confused with celeste.]
a keyboard instrument having an action like that of a piano
with hammers that strike steel plates suspended above wooden
resonance boxes and producing a tone similar to that of a
glockenspiel.
For the talent competition Trish performed a medley of
Gershwin tunes on the celesta.
367.
ortolan
\ \
French.
a European bunting that has a greenish-gray head, brown and
black wings and back, yellowish breast, and buff abdomen and
is commonly netted and fattened for a table delicacy.
The ortolan builds its nest on or near the ground.
368.
theodicy
\ \

French before becoming English.
an area of philosophy that treats of the nature and government
of God and the destiny of the soul.
One hotly contested question in theodicy is whether the
existence of evil precludes the existence of an omnipotent and
perfect God.
369.
muliebral
\ \
[ \ \ ]
of, relating to, or characteristic of women.
The artist captured the essence of muliebral beauty in his
portrait of Venus.
370.
cholla
\ \
[ \ \ ]
This word is from a Germanic word that went through French

to Spanish.
any of several very spiny cacti of the southwestern United
States and Mexico.
Juan's desert garden contained a tall cholla.
page 75
371.
jardiniere
\ \
[ \ \ ]

a large round usually decorative ceramic flowerpot.
Rosalind couldn't decide which jardiniere her mom would
prefer for her new indoor tree.
372.
sequitur
\ \
[ \ \ ]

an inference that follows from a premise.
The form of logical reasoning known as "modus ponens"
involves the derivation of a sequitur from a major premise and
a minor premise.
373.
vindaloo
\ \
This word is probably from a word that went from Portuguese

to Indo-Portuguese to Konkani, an Indo-Aryan language
spoken on the western coast of India.
a curried meat dish made with garlic and wine or vinegar.
Sweet chutney is a delicious counterpoint to spicy vindaloo.
374.
cerberus
\ \
[ \ \ ]

Latin.
a watchdog, gatekeeper, or custodian.
As school treasurer, Tony refers to himself as the cerberus of
the school's coffers.
375.
halieutic
\ \
[ \ \ ]

of or relating to fishing.
Oscar plans to try out a new deep-sea fishing technique he
learned from a halieutic magazine.
page 76
Numerical Index of Spelling Words

1. rug
2. jam
3. add
4. shy
5. eel
6. tape
7. hope
8. cork
9. mask
10. July
11. acorn
12. silly
13. lace
14. globe
15. never
16. count
17. always
18. moose
19. thank
20. grass
21. tower
22. pillow
23. myself
24. number
25. snowflake
26. wee
27. link
28. icon
29. brew
30. crane
31. given
32. pulp
33. alarm
34. tenth
35. olive
36. hobby
37. drink
38. shark
39. flavor
40. shout
41. broken
42. joyful
43. limited
44. soggy
45. father
46. bedtime
47. partner
48. second
49. yellow
50. respect
51. dont
52. urban
53. award
54. deaf
55. ivory
56. selfish
57. pouch
58. well-off
59. honor
60. barge
61. saying
62. actress
63. really
64. energy
65. royal
66. market
67. pastel
68. scarecrow
69. bucket
70. lesson
71. chalk
72. birthday
73. inched
74. comma
75. princely
76. bebop
77. frump
78. publish
79. mortal
80. arent
81. software
82. confess
83. empower
84. infant
85. possible
86. shortfall
87. payment
88. motion
89. arrow
90. insight
91. million
92. thawed
93. piracy
94. cowlick
95. theater or
theatre
96. alpha
97. scorpion
98. lumberjack
99. ledge
100. Tuesday
101. podium
102. legacy
103. joust
104. domain
105. premium
106. basically
107. awash
108. entrance
109. logical
110. moviegoer
111. gorgon
112. stubble
113. introverted
114. enviable
115. merge
116. Halloween or
Halloween
117. science
118. taught
119. quaver
120. wren
121. lawyer
122. bassoon
123. trifle
124. permission
125. carriage
126. bolide
127. cohesive
128. turmoil
129. genetic
130. forbidden
131. mugwump
132. vouch
133. avenge
134. morale
135. disarray
136. talisman
137. dissemble
138. ailment
139. infamous
140. duplicity
141. infringe
142. manufacture
143. freight
144. piety
145. vivacious
146. expunge
147. bulwark
148. shiatsu
149. lanai
150. pontiff
151. nigh
152. betrothal
153. grouse
154. divvy
155. stridency
156. asylum
157. vitriolic
158. insinuate
159. affluent
160. lambasted
161. evince
162. bulbous
163. hermitage
164. bountiful
165. exorcism
166. extinguish
167. propulsion
168. hackamore
169. wheedle
170. bodega
171. rosin
172. verdure
173. charioteer
174. netiquette
175. panache
176. recoup
177. abstruse
178. prognosticate
179. agitprop
180. ostracism
181. monochrome
182. courtier
183. cumbersome
184. armistice
185. tomahawk
186. histrionics
187. carcinogen
188. ragamuffin
189. injurious
190. vestigial
191. chancellor
192. laureate
193. quadrillion
194. plagiarism
195. presumptuous
196. sapphire
197. bonsai
198. focaccia
199. genoise
200. aficionado or
afficionado
201. bloviate
202. pariah
203. bazooka
204. cavalier
205. juxtapose
206. matriculation
207. smithereens
208. aerodynamic
209. unctuous
210. revanche
211. erstwhile
212. seraphic
213. chimera or
chimaera
214. isochronous
215. querulous
216. portmanteau
217. cephalopod
218. arraignment
219. ventriloquy
220. encryption
221. chiffonade
222. Freudian
223. dirndl
224. aubergine
225. sotto voce
226. barrel
227. sandwich
228. antics
229. hedgehog
230. secure
231. guidelines
232. intact
233. grizzled
234. sulking
235. precinct
236. hammock
237. squirmy
238. hapless
239. compelled
240. murderous
241. pandering
242. jargon
243. signify
244. bewilder
245. poverty
246. exert
247. oppress
248. pallid
249. redundant
250. tactically
251. ascot
page 77
Numerical Index of Spelling Words

252. orca
253. alienate
254. parasol
255. celebrity
256. spectacles
257. bellowed
258. seniority
259. oblivion
260. excessive
261. inevitable
262. dominant
263. atrocious
264. accuracy
265. imperil
266. scrupulous
267. perceptibly
268. catalogic
269. abominate
270. fissure
271. periodical
272. apprehend
273. sedition
274. pittance
275. intrepid
276. tenacious
277. perpetuity
278. mackerel
279. wherewithal
280. affectionate
281. compulsory
282. mollycoddle
283. instinctively
284. jurisdiction
285. excoriate
286. apologetic
287. ensuant
288. detrimental
289. infirmary
290. expediently
291. pancreas
292. acknowledge
293. iterance
294. sinistral
295. livery
296. rapacious
297. intercessory
298. evidentiary
299. oleander
300. portraiture
301. holograph
302. quagmire
303. demarcate
304. postponable
305. superfluous
306. derelict
307. accusatory
308. suture
309. deferential
310. latitudinous
311. sturgeon
312. erratic
313. viscous
314. tournament
315. liminal
316. mewling
317. symptomatic
318. ellipses
319. architectural
320. decrepitude
321. nescience
322. unattainable
323. memoir
324. stratose
325. bifurcation
326. codex
327. astrolabe
328. spontaneous
329. decathlon
330. crystalline
331. vertigo
332. garnishee
333. epistle
334. cosmetician
335. longevous
336. assimilative
337. stentorian
338. nucleolus
339. entablature
340. crucible
341. sanguine
342. quietus
343. ferrule
344. pandiculation
345. genetrix
346. rubicundity
347. elysium
348. philtrum
349. iridology
350. obeisance
351. panoply
352. rebarbative
353. aventurine
354. remora
355. webelos
356. smorgasbord
357. peripatetic
358. gravitas
359. calculiform
360. flagitiously
361. sciolistic
362. acescent
363. oncolysis
364. trilobite
365. politesse
366. celesta
367. ortolan
368. theodicy
369. muliebral
370. cholla
371. jardiniere
372. sequitur
373. vindaloo
374. cerberus
375. halieutic
page 78

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2014

SCHOOL PRONOUNCER GUIDE

2013, Scripps National Spelling Bee

Merriam-Webster Pronunciation Symbols

..........site, side, buy (actually, this sound is \\ + \\, or \\ + \\)

..........kin, cook, ache

..........sing \\, singer \()\, finger \()\, ink \\

with the quality of o in bone but longer, not the sound of oo

Guidelines Regarding Pronunciation and Language of Origin

Tips for Spelling Bee Officials

4. Judges, please note:

Rules for Local Spelling Bees

(5) The spelleror the spellers parent, legal

(10) The speller must have been declared a

3. Word list: Local spelling bee officials are responsible

In Oral Vocabulary Rounds:

Disqualifications for reasons other than error:

For example: If the speller is offered the

Example: Two spellers spell in Round 16.

While the competition is in session, individuals

(1) The pronunciations of the words are

Words 1225 are School Spelling Bee Study List Words

This word is of Scandinavian origin.

This word is probably imitative in origin.

This word came from Latin into English.

This word is originally English.

This word is originally from English.

noun (Websters Third page 724, column 1)

This word is originally English.

noun (Websters Third page 2339, column 2)

This word is originally English.

verb (Websters Third page 1089, column 3)

This word probably went from Latin through Arabic before

This word went from Latin to Italian to French before

This word is from a Latin name that came into English.

noun (Websters Third page 1224, column 3)

This word is originally English.

noun (Websters Third page 18, column 2)

This word is originally English.

adjective (Websters Third page 2118, column 3)

This word went from Latin to French before becoming

This word went from Latin to French.

noun (Websters Third page 965, column 3)

This word is from English.

adverb (Websters Third page 1522, column 2)

This word went from Latin to French before becoming

This word is originally English.

adverb (Websters Third page 65, column 1)

This word is from Algonquian.

noun (Websters Third page 1467, column 1)

This word is originally English.

verb (Websters Third page 2367, column 2)

This word is originally from English.

noun (Websters Third page 990, column 3)

This word went from Greek to Latin to French before

This word is originally English.

noun (Websters Third page 1716, column 1)

This word is originally English.

pron (Websters Third page 1496, column 3)

This word went from Latin to French before becoming

This word consists of an English part plus a part that came

This word is originally English.