CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION ON SAWMILL

Sawmill is unique training facility for Woodcutting, and it differs from the usual
method of cutting trees. Instead, you will find yourself cutting logs into more
complicated shapes than simple planks in order to gain experience. A sawmill is
a facility where logs are cut into lumber.
It is also the process of wood Editing that established according to various
incision types of lumber (cut to length round wood) lumber is produced by
cutting machining. The principal technological sections in the sawmill are: log
yard, sawmill and timber yard. For the ultimate cutting machining gang, circular
and Block band sage machineriesare used mainly tra. Its not too long ago, there
are sawmills with chipper and profiling chipper as the main machine.
Sawmill specializes in general, in particular in accordance with the technical
means for the incision of wood or coniferous lumber. Sawmills are measured by
volume for the coming to cut raw material, as well as the degree of
mechanization and automation (manual and process-driven techniques) greatly
differentiated sawmill. Given the nature of the technological process a complete
computer-based timber production in the sawmills is possible.

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Galluzzo&Cliver (1996) agreed with those of Ak et al. (1994b) as oak leachates

were not bactericidal towards Salmonella enteritidis, in contrast to the oak
shavings and chips tested. Even various solvent extractions were conducted on
the wood, but the antibacterial effect was not diminished. A similar antibacterial
effect was seen with filter paper. Their results therefore indicated that the
mechanism of disappearance of Salmonella from oak was rather physical than
chemical. In fact, it could be a combination of adhesion and drying effect on the
cells.
Fuwape and Onyekwelu (1995) reported that clear felling of trees by sawmills
as a source of raw material has been recognized as one of the factors responsible
for environmental degradation in arid and semi-arid parts of Africa. The
indiscriminate logging in the rainforest and uncontrolled felling of trees by saw
millers operations are reported to have adverse effect on the environment. The
adverse effect caused by the operations of forest industries includes loss of
biodiversity, migration of wildlife, ecological imbalance, soil erosion, flooding,
desert encroachment and disruption in hydrological cycle of water catchments
area.
Welford (2000) reported that there has been a rapid growth in recent years in
environmental legislation and other policies aimed at reducing environmental
impacts and as such organizations should take advantage of these. There is a
need therefore for industries and organizations to continually review their
environmental impacts in order to determine which of the environmental aspect
is most significant and needs immediate attention.
Espinoza (2010) noted that despite research on SCM in the wood products
industry, little attention has been paid to development of performance
measurement systems in wood products SCs. He also suggested a framework
for developing wood SCs, focusing on product quality and time performance
measurements linking the performance of different business units in the SC.

CHAPTER 3

OBJECTIVE

The following are the main objective:

1. To see practically full operation and process of cutting of logs.
2. To learn different method of cutting of logs.
3. Types of machine used for operation.
3. To know about type of finished goods.
4. Type of safety kits used during operation.
5. The process for selling of the timber

CHAPTER 4

MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY

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This is oldest sawmill of Sikkim establish in 2002 and is located in Chuba,

Radang near Singtam, east Sikkim it is look after by the utilization Division of
the Forest Department of Sikkim. Collected logs are mostly from road
widening, Danger posing trees etc.
Activities involvement on Chuba Sawmill

After trees are selected for harvest, the next step in logging is felling the
trees, and bucking them to length.

Branches are cut off the trunk.

Logs are taken by logging truck, or a log drive to the sawmill.

Logs are scaled either on the way to the mill or upon arrival at the mill.

Debarking removes bark from the logs.

Decking is the process for sorting the logs by species, size and end use
(lumber, plywood, chips).

A sawyer used horizontal head saw machine to break the log into cants
(unfinished logs to be further processed) and flitches (unfinished planks).

Depending upon the species and quality of the log, the cants will either be
further broken down by vertical head saw machine or a gang edger into
multiple flitches and/or boards

Edging was done to flitch and trim off all irregular edges leaving foursided lumber.

Trimming squares the ends at typical lumber lengths.

Drying removes naturally occurring moisture from the lumber. This can
be done with natural or air-dried.

Planning smooths the surface of the lumber leaving a uniform width and
thickness.

The Utilization Division of Forest Departmenthas authorized to sell the

timber and issue of transit permission for buyer.
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Fig.1: - Horizontal Machine

Fig 2: - Vertical Machine

Fig 3: -Transit permit for buyer

CHAPTER 5

OBSERVATION & RESULTS

Observation at sawmill during field visit

Sawmill at Chuba consists of two machine horizontal and vertical cutting
machine. Before any operation blades of the machine are sharpened, sifting of
logs and finished goods are carried by labours present there.
Types of outlet of logs after operation.

Fig 4: - Timber

Fig 5: - Planks
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Fig 6: - Fuel Wood

CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION

This Project helped me to learn about the basic principles involved in sawmill
during operation and processing. Chuba sawmill which is located in east part of
Sikkim was look after by Utilization Division of Forest Department. As state
have band on green felling the logs collected was mostly from road winding,
danger posing etc.Mostly collected logs are pine, marketing of state timber is
also band inside and outside the state only Utilization Division of Forest
Department have authorised to sell timber from sawmill with in Sikkim with
Limited.
During the process in Sawmill the workers have different duties according to
performs and experience of workers they were involved in following duties in
preparing logs for cutting into lumber and storing cut lumber in sawmill:
Unloads logs from trucks or cars, rolls logs onto sawmill deck, examines logs
for defects, such as embedded pieces of iron or stone, decayed wood from splits,
and marks defects for removal by other workers, rolls logs from deck onto log
or carriage, rides log carriage of head saw and adjusts position of logs on
carriage to cut planks of required thickness, sorts and guides planks emerging
from saw onto roller tables or conveyors for trimming edges. Sharpens and
adjusts teeth of woodworking saws, they all were dressed with safety kits
throughout the operation and the entire worker involved in operation was
trained and experience, we were shown two operations in two different machine
and the logs were all pine. I found the process was very fast and in a few
minutes they can convert lots of logs into timber.
It also gave me idea about the planning records of the different species of logs
brought in the sawmill and also marketing and distribution of the Timber,
Planks and Fuel wood, and all the activities are look after by Utilization
Division of Forest Department. Lastly, through this project I have the necessary
practical knowledge for the completion of my project and also for my future
endeavour.

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CHAPTER 7

REFERENCE

1.Belin
L.
Sawmill
alveolitis
ApplImmunol. 1987;82(3-4):440443

in

Sweden. Int

Arch

Allergy

2. Dykewicz MS, Laufer P, Patterson R, Roberts M, Sommers HM. Woodman's

disease: hypersensitivity pneumonitis from cutting live trees. J Allergy
ClinImmunol. 1988 Feb;81(2):455460.
3. Kolmodin-Hedman B, Blomquist G, Lfgren F. Chipped wood as a source of
mould exposure. Eur J Respir Dis Suppl. 1987;154:4451.
4. Charles E. Peterson, 'Sawdust Trail: Annals of Sawmilling and the Lumber
Trade' Bulletin of the Association for Preservation Technology Vol. 5, No. 2.
(1973), pp. 84-5
5. Adam Robert Lucas (2005), "Industrial Milling in the Ancient and Medieval
Worlds: A Survey of the Evidence for an Industrial Revolution in Medieval
Europe", Technology and Culture 46 (1): 1-30 [o10-1]
6. Norman Ball, 'Circular Saws and the History of Technology' Bulletin of the
Association for Preservation Technology 7(3) (1975), pp. 79-89.
7. Ritti, Tullia; Grewe, Klaus; Kessener, Paul (2007), "A Relief of a Waterpowered Stone Saw Mill on a Sarcophagus at Hierapolis and its
Implications", Journal of Roman Archaeology 20: 138163

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