FORESTRY

CLASSIFICATION
OF
UNSUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION

BEIJING

USING

SUPERVISED

&

Subject: Urban Remote Sensing

Name: Muhammed Usman Farid
Student Number: 201429180003
Dated: 2015/06/23
INTRODUCTION
For the completion of the course, I have selected the site Beijing and its forestry land use
classification. As from the first glace of visual ground trooping we can say that, Beijing is a
green city. Although for the representation of the forestry in the area, I have used the ENVI 4.7
Software. I have used the TM band Width 2 for to represent the site of forestry. I used the
Supervised and Unsupervised classification of site by using ENVI 4.7 software.
SITE AREA
Beijing, formerly Romanized as Peking. Beijing is the second largest Chinese city by urban
population after Shanghai and is the nation's political, cultural, and educational center. The Ariel
map of the city is as under;

Figure 1: Map of Beijing

SUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION OF BEIJING

Development of a classification scheme by selecting representative areas using reference sources
such as higher resolution. Determine the number of cluster centers and initialize the cluster
centers. Maximum likelihood supervised classification. MLC is performed according to the
following steps. Display the three-band overlay composite image. Using box-cursor to choose
representative training samples for each of the desired classes from the color composite image.
Color-encode and show the classified image. Estimate the number of pixels and area for each
class and show the statistics for each class.
Supervised Classification Maximum Likelihood Map

Figure 2: Maxlikelihood
UNSUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION OF BEIJING
Another broad of classification is unsupervised classification. It doesnt require human to have
the foreknowledge of the classes, and mainly using some clustering algorithm to classify an
image data. The computer uses techniques to determine which pixels are related and groups them
into classes. The two most frequently used algorithms are the K-mean and the ISODATA
clustering algorithm. In general, both of them assign first an arbitrary initial cluster vector.The
ISODATA algorithm is similar to the k-means algorithm with the distinct difference that the

ISODATA algorithm allows for different number of clusters while the k-means assumes that the
number of clusters is known a priority.
UNSUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION OF BEIJING USING ISO-DATA AND K-MEANS

Figure 2: ISO-DATA

Figure 3: K-Means
RESULTS
The selection of suitable band combination is essential for SPOT 3 image for visual
interpretation. The images of Beijing Forest Reserve and its surrounding area appear much better
after performed enhancement technique. In this study, the band combination of 4-3-2 (RedGreen-Blue) was selected as the best combination and later used for digital classification.
Meanwhile Forest appear more expanded compared to the unsupervised technique. Maximum
Likelihood Classifier (MLC) and the original mechanism of ISODATA classifier in the
unsupervised technique. The vegetation mapping accuracy in both techniques referred to
producers and users accuracies.
CONCLUSION
The study on evaluation of accuracy from the supervised and unsupervised techniques had
produced a baseline for the Beijing Forestry. Accuracy assessment showed that the overall
accuracies were less than 80% and 71% for unsupervised and supervised classifications,
respectively. The advantage of classification is obvious. We can get the physical meaningful
reflectance and their multivariate spreads. We can know the estimate the area coverage by
forestry.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SUPERVISED AND UNSUPERVISED

CLASSIFICATION
Supervised classification
Disadvantages
The disadvantage of this approach is its computational cost, since performing
wrapper FSS is slow.
Unsupervised Classification
Disadvantages
As the analyst has little control over the groupings determined in unsupervised
classification, assigning those groupings to reset classes can be more difficult and
complicated.
It should be noted, however, that in other situations where the final set of land
cover classes is more open to adjustment this disadvantage may not be an issue in
the classification.
A fiction than the unsupervised method for similar reasons. The inherent
disadvantages of the unsupervised method are advantages of the supervised
method, and vice versa.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SUPERVISED AND UNSUPERVISED
CLASSIFICATION
Supervised classification
Advantages
This image give us a visible picture by comparing both ground trooping and
computer generation.
Unsupervised Classification
Advantages
It might give us the image and classification of the site without inputting any
ground trooping data,
It will show the band representation with the three coordinator red, green and
blue.
It will distinguish the cell pixel density.